COMPOSITION FOR COLOURING KERATIN FIBRES COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE DERIVATIVE orthodiphenol, OXIDANT AN AGENT, AND CLAY AGENT ALCALINISANT The invention relates to a composition comprising a) at least one ortho derivative, b) at least one oxidizing agent, c) at least one clay, and d) at least one specific alkalizing agent; a process for dyeing keratin fibers by treating said fibers by implementing the ingredients a), b), c) and d) and their use for dyeing keratin fibers. It is known to obtain colorations so-called "permanent" with dye compositions containing oxidation dye precursors, generally called oxidation bases, such as ortho- or para-phenylenediamines, ortho- or para-aminophenols and compounds heterocyclic. These oxidation bases are colorless or weakly colored compounds which, combined with oxidizing products, can give rise, by an oxidative coupling process, to colored compounds. It is also known that one can vary the shades obtained by combining these oxidation bases with couplers or color modifiers, the latter being chosen in particular from aromatic meta-diamines, meta-aminophenols and meta-diphenols certain heterocyclic compounds such as indole compounds. The oxidation dyeing method consists in applying to the keratin fibers, bases or a mixture of bases and couplers with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 0 2 or peroxide) as the oxidizing agent to be diffused and then rinsing the fibers. The colorations resulting therefrom are permanent, strong and resistant to external agents, especially light, bad weather, washing, perspiration and rubbing, However commercial hair dye containing them may have drawbacks such as staining, odor problems, comfort and degradation of the keratin fibers. This is particularly the case with the oxidation dyeing. In the field of dyeing, it is also known to dye keratin materials such as the hair or skin from diphenol compounds in the presence of a metal salt include Mn and / or Zn. In particular the patent applications FR 2 814 943, FR 2 814 945, FR 2 814 946, FR 2 814 947, propose compositions for coloring skin or keratin fibers, comprising a dye precursor which contains at least one ortho, Mn salts and oxides and or Zn, alkaline hydrogen carbonate type in a particular ratio Mn, Zn / hydrogen and possibly an enzyme. According to these documents it is possible to obtain colorations of keratin materials with oxygen of the air. However, the colors obtained are insufficiently intense in particular in the case of hair fibers. Clay is a material composed largely of specific minerals, aluminum silicates generally more or less hydrated, which have a laminated structure (phyllosilicates), or a fibrous structure (sepiolite and palygorskite). Clay in cosmetics is particularly used particularly in the form of mask for treating and cleaning especially oily skin. In the field of hair clay is also known to treat dry hair and some scalp problems such as dermathites, seborrhea, dandruff (see eg US 4.931, 274). However these documents do not disclose dyeing process involving ortho derivatives related to clay, under alkaline conditions to color hair. EP 0148681 describes a fur dyeing process using extracts of Logwood, kaolin and alkalizing agent like calcium hydroxide. This method is not cosmetically acceptable because it implements a step with an alkalizing agent, the pH is too high to be used in the hair dyeing (pH was 14). In addition, for staining with this method it is necessary to preprocess the fibers by etching with metal derivatives of Iron. In the absence of this pretreatment, the coloring of keratin fibers is not satisfactory in particular in terms of power, intensity, chromaticity, tenacity, uniformity in coloring and / or compliance of the said fibers cosmetic. There is therefore a real need to develop processes that allow colorations to obtain intense colorations from ortho, especially from rich natural extract ortho while limiting bleaching keratin fibers. In particular, a need exists to obtain less aggressive coloring to the hair and at the same time resistant to external agents (light, bad weather, shampoos) that are tough, homogeneous, low selectivity of the coloring between the root and the tip, while being powerful and / or color. This object is achieved by the present invention which relates to a process for dyeing keratin fibers, wherein said fibers are treated with: a) one or more derivative (s) ortho (s); b) one or more agent (s) oxidant (s); c) one or more of clay (s) pro-oxidant (s); and d) one or more agent (s) basifying (s); it being understood that the pH at the end of the process is alkali or greater than 7 and not more than 13, and preferably between 8 and 12. Particularly between 8 and 10.5. Another object of the invention relates to a cosmetic composition for coloring keratin fibers comprising: one or more ingredient (s) a) as (s) set (s) above; one or more ingredient (s) b) as (s) set (s) above; one or more ingredient (s) c) as (s) set (s) above; and - One or more ingredient (s)) as (s) set (s) above; provided that the pH of the composition is alkaline or greater than 7 and not more than 13, preferably between 8 and 12. Particularly between 8 and 10.5 Another object of the invention relates to a multi-compartment device comprising the ingredients a) to d) as defined above. Another object of the invention relates to the use for coloring keratin fibers such as the hair of the ingredients of the combination a) with b) with c) and d) also noted combination of ingredients a) + b) + c) + d) with a), b), c) and d) as defined above. The method according to the invention has the advantage of coloring human keratin fibers with results of intense colorations, color, resistant to washing, perspiration, sebum and to light and more durable without alteration of said fibers. In addition, the colors obtained from the process provide consistent color from root to the tip of a fiber (low selectivity stain). a) derived from orthodiphenol: A particular embodiment of the invention relates to derivatives of ortho or mixtures of compounds comprising at least one aromatic ring, preferably a benzene ring having at least two hydroxyl (OH) groups carried by two adjacent carbon atoms of the aromatic ring which are not indole derivatives autoxidisable pattern. In particular they are different from 5,6-dihydroxyindole. According to another particular embodiment of the invention, or derivatives of ortho-diphenols are chosen from the dihydroxyindoles, and more particularly 5,6-dihydroxyindole. The aromatic ring may be more particularly a fused aryl ring or fused heteroaromatic ie optionally containing one or more heteroatoms, such as benzene, naphthalene, tetrahydronaphthalene, indane, indene, anthracene, phenanthrene, the isoindole, indoline, isoindoline, benzofuran, dihydrobenzofuran, chroman, isochroman, chromene, isochromene, quinoline, tetrahydroquinoline and isoquinoline, said aromatic ring having at least two hydroxyl groups carried by two adjacent carbon atoms of the aromatic ring. Preferably the aromatic ring ortho derivatives according to the invention is a benzene ring. By fused is meant that at least two saturated or unsaturated rings, heterocyclic or otherwise, have a common bond ie at least one ring is fused to another ring. Orthodiphenols according to the invention can be salified or not. They can also be in the form of aglygone (sugar bound) or as glycosylated compounds. More particularly the ortho derivative a) is a compound of formula (I), or one of these oligomers, salt form or not: formula (I) wherein the substituents: • Ri to R 4, identical or different, represent: hydrogen, a halogen atom, one hydroxy lies, carboxyl radica, an alkyl carboxylate radica or alkoxycarbonyl, a radica optionally substituted amino, a linear or branched alkyl radica optionally substituted, a linear or branched alkenyl radica optionally substituted, radica cycloalkyl optionally substituted, alkoxy radica, one alcoxyalkyle lies, alkoxyaryl radical, the aryl group may be optionally substituted, an aryl radical, substituted aryl, a heterocyclic radical, saturated or not, with or not a cationic or anionic charge, optionally substituted and / or optionally condensed with an aromatic ring of benzene Preferably, said aromatic ring optionally being substituted especially by one or more hydroxy groups or glycosyloxy, a radical containing one or more silicon atoms, • where two of the substituents on two adjacent carbon atom of R - R 2, R 2 - R 3 or R 3 - R 4 form together with the carbon atoms carrying them a saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or not, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms and optionally condensed with one or more saturated or unsaturated rings optionally containing one or more heteroatoms. Particularly Ri to R 4 together form one to four cycles. A particular embodiment of the invention relates to derivatives of ortho-diphenols of formula (I) wherein two adjacent substituents Ri - R 2, R 2 - R 3 or R 3 - R 4 may form, with the carbon atoms which carry them a pyrrolyl radical. More preferably R 2 and R 3 can not form a pyrrolyl radical fused to the benzene ring bearing the two hydroxyl. Saturated or unsaturated rings, optionally fused, may also be optionally substituted. The alkyl radicals are hydrocarbon radicals, unsaturated, linear or branched, typically C1-C2 0, particularly C1-C1 0, preferably alkyl radicals -C 6, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl . Alkenyl radicals are hydrocarbon radicals, linear or branched, unsaturated C 2 -C 2 o; preferably comprising at least one double bond such as ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, 2-methyl-propylene and decylene. The aryl radicals are mono- or polycyclic carbon radicals, fused or unfused, preferably comprising from 6 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one ring is aromatic; preferably selected from aryl is phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, anthracenyl, and tetrahydronaphthyl. Alkoxy groups are alkyl-oxy radicals with alkyl as defined above, preferably C1-C1 0, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy and butoxy. Alkyl alkoxy groups are preferably alkoxy (C1-C2 0) alkyl (CC 2 o), such as methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, etc. The cycloalkyl radicals are cycloalkyl radicals generally C 4 -C 8, preferably the cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl radicals. The cycloalkyl radicals may be substituted cycloalkyl radicals, in particular by alkyl, alkoxy, carboxylic acid, hydroxyl, amine and ketone. The alkyl or alkenyl radicals when optionally substituted, may be substituted by at least one substituent on at least one carbon atom, selected from: - A halogen atom; - A hydroxy group; - un radical alkoxy en C1-C2 ; - un radical alcoxycarbonyle en C1-C10 ; - un radical (poly)-hydroxyalkoxy en C2-C4 ; - un radical amino ; - To form a heterocycloalkyl group of 5 or 6 members; - A heteroaryl radical with 5 or 6 members optionally cationic, preferably imidazolium, optionally substituted with a (Ci-C 4) alkyl, preferably methyl; - An amino radical substituted by one or two alkyl radicals, identical or different, -C 6 optionally bearing at least: * A hydroxy group, * An amino group optionally substituted by one or two alkyl radicals d- C 3 optionally substituted, said alkyl radicals possibly forming with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, a heterocycle comprising 5 to 7 membered saturated or unsaturated optionally optionally substituted with at least one other heteroatom which may or may not be nitrogen, * A quaternary ammonium group -N + R'R "R" ', M "for which R', R", R "', identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group -C 4; and M "represents the against-ion of the organic acid, mineral acid or the corresponding halide, * Or a heteroaryl radical with 5 or 6 members optionally cationic, preferably imidazolium, optionally substituted with a (Ci-C 4) alkyl, preferably methyl; - Acylamino (-NR-COR ') wherein the radical R is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical dC 4 optionally bearing at least one hydroxyl group and the radical R' is an alkyl radical in C 1 -C 2; a carbamoyl radical ((R) 2 N-CO-) in which the radicals R, identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-C4 alkyl radical optionally bearing at least one hydroxyl group; an alkylsulfonylamino radical (R'S0 2 -NR-) in which the radical R represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-C4 alkyl radical optionally bearing at least one hydroxyl group and the radical R 'represents an alkyl radical C1-C4 alkyl, phenyl; an aminosulfonyl radical ((R) 2 N-S0 2 -) wherein the radicals R, identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical C1-C4 optionally bearing at least one hydroxyl group, - A carboxyl radical in the acid or salified form (preferably with an alkali metal or an ammonium, substituted or unsubstituted); - Cyano; - A nitro group; - Carboxy or glycosylcarbonyle; - A phenylcarbonyloxy group optionally substituted by one or more hydroxy groups; - A glycosyloxy group; and - A phenyl group optionally substituted by one or more hydroxy groups. Aryl or heterocyclic radicals or aryl radicals or heterocyclic portion when they are optionally substituted may be substituted by at least one substituent on at least one carbon atom, selected from: - An alkyl radical in C1-C1 0, preferably -C 8, optionally substituted by one or more radicals chosen from hydroxyl, C1-C2, (poly) - hydroxyalkoxy, C 2 -C 4, acylamino, amino substituted with two alkyl radicals, identical or different, C1-C4 alkyl, optionally bearing at least one hydroxyl group or the two radicals to form, with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, a heterocycle comprising from 5 to 7 membered, preferably 5 or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated optionally substituted optionally comprising another heteroatom identical to or different from nitrogen; - A halogen atom; - A hydroxy group; - un radical alkoxy en d-C2 ; - un radical alcoxycarbonyle en C1-C10 ; - un radical (poly)-hydroxyalkoxy en C2-C4 ; - un radical amino ; - To form a heterocycloalkyl group of 5 or 6 members; - A heteroaryl radical with 5 or 6 members optionally cationic, preferably imidazolium, optionally substituted by (C1-C4) alkyl, preferably methyl; - An amino radical substituted by one or two alkyl radicals, identical or different, -C 6 optionally bearing at least: * A hydroxy group, * An amino group optionally substituted by one or two alkyl radicals d- C 3 optionally substituted, said alkyl radicals possibly forming with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, a heterocycle comprising 5 to 7 membered saturated or unsaturated optionally optionally substituted with at least one other heteroatom which may or may not be nitrogen, * A quaternary ammonium group -N + R'R "R" ', M "for which R', R", R "', identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group -C 4; and M "represents the against-ion of the organic acid, mineral acid or the corresponding halide, * Or a heteroaryl radical with 5 or 6 members optionally cationic, preferably imidazolium, optionally substituted by (C1-C4) alkyl, preferably methyl; - Acylamino (-NR-COR ') wherein the radical R is a hydrogen atom, a C1-C4 alkyl radical optionally bearing at least one hydroxyl group and the radical R' is an alkyl radical in C1 C2; a carbamoyl radical ((R) 2 N-CO-) in which the radicals R, identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-C4 alkyl radical optionally bearing at least one hydroxyl group; an alkylsulfonylamino radical (R'S0 2 -NR-) in which the radical R represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-C4 alkyl radical optionally bearing at least one hydroxyl group and the radical R 'represents an alkyl radical C1-C4 alkyl, phenyl; an aminosulfonyl radical ((R) 2 N-S0 2 -) wherein the radicals R, identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical C1-C4 optionally bearing at least one hydroxyl group, - A carboxyl radical in the acid or salified form (preferably with an alkali metal or an ammonium, substituted or unsubstituted); - Cyano; - A nitro group; - A polyhaloalkyl group, preferably trifluoromethyl; - Carboxy or glycosylcarbonyle; - A phenylcarbonyloxy group optionally substituted by one or more hydroxy groups; - A glycosyloxy group; and - A phenyl group optionally substituted by one or more hydroxy groups. By glycosyl radical is meant a radical derived from mono or polysacharride. Radicals containing one or more silicon atoms are preferably polydimethylsiloxane groups, poly-diphenylsiloxane, poly-diméthylphénylsiloxane, stearoxy dimethicone. The heterocyclic radicals are generally radicals comprising in at least one ring one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N and S, preferably O or N, optionally substituted by including one or more alkyl, alkoxy, carboxylic acid, hydroxy, amine or ketone. These rings may contain one or more oxo groups on the carbon atoms of the heterocycle. Among the suitable heterocyclic groups include the furyl, pyranyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, thienyl. More preferably, the heterocyclic groups are condensed groups such as benzofuranyl, chromenyl, xanthenyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, chromanyl, isochromanyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, cumarinyl, isocoumarinyl, which groups may be substituted, in particular by one or more OH groups. Ortho useful in the method of the invention may be natural or synthetic. Among the natural ortho we include compounds that can be found in nature and which are output from (hemi) chemical synthesis. The salts of the diphenol of the invention can be salts of acids or bases. The acids may be inorganic or organic. Preferably the acid is hydrochloric acid which leads to the chlorides. The bases can be inorganic or organic. Particularly the bases are alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide which leads to sodium salts. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises as ingredient i) one or more derivative (s) ortho (s) Synthetic (s) that does not exist in nature. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the process for dyeing keratin fibers uses as ingredient a) one or more derivative (s) ortho (s) natural (s). More particularly, the diphenol used in the process of the invention according to i) are in particular: - Flavanols such as catechin gallate and epichatechin, - Flavonols such as quercetin, - Anthocyanidins such as cyanidin, delphinidin, petunidin, - Anthocyanins and anthocyanidins like myrtillin, - The orthohydroxybenzoates, for example gallic acid salts, - Flavones such as luteolin, - Hydroxystilbenes, e.g. tetrahydroxy-3,3 ', 4,5'-stilbene, optionally oxyl (eg glucosyl) - 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and its derivatives, - 2,3-dihydroxyphenylalanine and its derivatives, - 4,5-dihydroxyphenylalanine and its derivatives, - Dihydroxycinnamates such as caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid, - The orthopolyhydroxycoumarines, - The orthopolyhydroxyisocoumarines, - The orthopolyhydroxycoumarones, - The orthopolyhydroxyisocoumarones, - The orthopolyhydroxychalcones, - The orthopolyhydroxychromones, - The orthopolyhydroxyquinones, - The orthopolyhydroxyxanthones, - 1, 2-dihydroxybenzene and derivatives thereof, - 1, 2,4 trihydroxybenzene and its derivatives, - 1, 2,3 trihydroxybenzene and its derivatives, - The trihydroxytoluene 2,4,5 and its derivatives, - Proanthocyanidins including proanthocyanidins A1, A2, B1, B2, B3 and C1, - Proanthocyanidins, - Tannic acid, - Ellagic acid, - And mixtures of the foregoing. Particularly catechin, quercetin, brazilin, hematein, hematoxylin, the chlorogenic acids, caffeic, Gallic, Catechol, gallic acid, L-DOPA, pelargonidin, cyanidin, (-) - epicatechin, (-) - Epigallocatechin, (-) - Epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG), (+) - Catechin, isoquercetin, Pomiférine, esculetin, 6,7-dihydroxy-3- (3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl) coumarin. Santalin AC, mangiferin, buteine, Maritimetine, Sulfuretine, Robteine, betanidine, Pericampylinone A., theaflavin, Proanthocyanidin A2, B2 Proanthocyanidin, ProanthocyanidineCI, Procyanidins DP 4-8, tannic acid, Purpurogallin, 5,6-Dihydroxy-2-methyl 1, 4-naphthoquinone, Alizarin, wedelolactone, Variegatic acid, Gomphidic acid, Xerocomic acid, carnosol, and natural extracts containing them. When dye precursors have D and L forms, both forms can be used in the compositions according to the invention, as well as racemic. In one embodiment the diphenol are derived from natural animal extracts, bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, used in their entirety or partially. Especially on plants extracts are derived from plant or part of plants such as fruits including citrus fruits, vegetables, trees, shrubs. Mixtures of these extracts can also be used, rich othodiphénols as defined above. Preferably natural or ortho to the invention are derived from extracts of plants or parts of plants For the purposes of the invention will be assimilated these said extracts in general as compound a). The extracts are obtained by extraction from various parts of plants such as eg root, wood, bark, leaf, flower, fruit, seed, clove, peel. Among the plant extracts include extracts from tea leaves, mignonette, cosmos, coreopsis, broom. Among the fruit extracts include apple extracts, grape (in particular grape seeds), pomegranate, or extracts from beans and / or cocoa pods. Among the vegetable extracts include potato extracts, onion skins. Among the wood extracts of trees include pine bark extracts, extracts of logwood, brazil wood, oak, chestnut, ivy, tara of valonée, catechu, divi-divi of, mimosa, Pernambuco, mulberry dyers, Quebracho, Gambier or Myrobolam. Among the extracts of galls include galls extracts of maple, ash, beech, mountain ash and especially the walnut oak Galle. One can also use mixtures of plant extracts. According to a particular embodiment of the invention or the derivatives of ortho are natural extracts, rich in ortho. In a preferred embodiment, the ortho or derivatives are only natural extracts. Preferably the ortho or the invention are selected from catechin, quercetin, hematoxylin, hematoxylin, the brasilin, gallic acid, and natural extracts containing selected from the marc, bark pine, green tea, onions, cocoa bean, logwood, red wood and galls. Natural extracts of the invention may be in the form of powders or liquids. Preferably, the extracts of the invention are in the form of powders. According to the invention, the one or more derivative (s) ortho (s) Synthetic (s), natural (s), and / or or extract (s) Natural (s) (s) used as ingredient i) in one or more composition (s) useful (s) in the process according to the invention represent (s), preferably from 0.001% to 20% by weight of the total weight of the composition or compositions containing the ortho or or previews. As regards pure diphenol, the content in the composition or compositions comprising them is preferably between 0.001 and 5% by weight of each of these compositions. With regard to the extracts, the content in the composition or compositions containing such extracts which is preferably between 0.5 and 20% by weight of each of these compositions. b) oxidizing agents: The second component of the dyeing process and composition according to the invention or the agent (s) oxidizing agent (s). This oxidizer may be derived from oxygen in the air and / or one or more agent (s) oxidant (s) chemical (s) supported (s) or not, individual (s). Especially; a) l'ozone ; b) alkali metal or quaternary ammonium persalts are perborates, persulfates, percarbonates, peroxodiphosphates, Oxone® or potassium persulfate particularly the oxidant is selected from sodium perborate, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium percarbonate, potassium percarbonate; c) aliphatic organic peracids -C 6 aromatic C 6 -C 2 o and forms percarboxylates: RC (0) 0-OM 'in which R represents a group (-C 6) alkyl, or (C 6 -C 2 o ) aryl such as phenyl, M 'representing a hydrogen atom (peracid) an alkali or alkaline earth metal (percarboxylate) is selected from performic acid, peracetic acid, derivatives of perbenzoic acid, acid trifluoroacetic acid, peroxyphthalic acid, peroxymaléique acid, particularly the oxidizing peroxypropionic acid is peracetic acid; d) organic peroxides selected from the dioxirane, alkyl peroxides -C 6, benzoyl peroxide, peroxo carboxylates (CrC 6) alkyl, the peroxides of bis (tri) (Ci-C 6) alkylsilyl such as peroxide bis (trimethylsilyl), the alkyl peroxydicarbonates -C 6, sodium nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate as described in patents US4,412,934 and W01 995/000625. e) oxidizing anions selected from nitrites, nitrates, hypochlorites, hypobromites, hypoiodites, chlorites, bromites, iodites, chlorates, bromates, iodates, periodates, especially the oxidant is selected from hypochlorite or alkali metal periodate such as sodium hypochlorite or sodium periodate;. f) the stable radicals with N-oxy group (NO), chosen from i) the group heterocycles Hindered N-oxide such as 2,2,6,6-tetra radical (Cr C 6) alkylpiperidino-oxy, 2,2,6,6-tetra (Ci-C 6) alkylmorpholino-oxy; ii) salts of Frémy nitrosodisulfonates, and iii) the N-oxide morpholine; particularly the oxidant is selected from tetramethyl-2,2,6,6 g) hypervalent iodine derivatives, selected from iodotriacétate, iodosobenzene, the iodobenzènetriacétate, the iodoperbenzoiques acid derivatives, périodinanes, alkyls and benzoylhypoiodites, more preferably the oxidant is selected from iodotriacétate , iodosobenzene, the iodobenzènetriacétate the iodoperbenzoique acid, Dess-Martin periodinane; the iodoaryl diallkyl of (Ci-C 6) carboxylate such as iodobenzene diacetate; h) the following organic compounds: N-halosuccinimides, Trichloroisocyanuric acid, N-hydroxyphthalimide, alkyl nitrites in CIC-IO, linear or branched; i) hydrogen peroxide or system (s) generator (s) such as hydrogen peroxide (s): i-1) urea peroxide; i-2) the polymeric complex which releases hydrogen peroxide, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone / H 2 0 2 in particular in the form of powders and other polymeric complexes described in US 5,008,093; US 3,376 1 10; US 5, 1 83.901; i-3) oxidase producing hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a suitable substrate (e.g., glucose oxidase if glucose or uric acid with uricase); i-4) the metal peroxides generating in water of hydrogen peroxide as the calcium peroxide, magnesium peroxide; iv) perborates; or i-vi) les percarbonates. Potential substrates of these oxidizing a) to h) may be selected from clays, montmorillonite, silica, alumina, carbon, polymers charged or neutral; According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method implements at least one system (s) generator (s) selected from hydrogen peroxide (s) from i) the urea peroxide, i-2) complex polymer capable of releasing hydrogen peroxide selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone / H 2 0 2; i-3) oxidases; iv) perborates and i-vi) the percarbonates. Furthermore the composition or compositions comprising the chemical oxidizers may or may also contain various adjuvants conventionally used in compositions for dyeing the hair and as defined below in item "cosmetic." Preferably, the chemical oxidizing agent is selected from perborates of alkaline agent such as sodium perborate, persulfates of alkali agent such as sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate or oxone, carboxylic acid peracids (RC 0) 0-OH with R representing an alkyl group -C 6 linear or branched such as methyl, and alkaline earth metal hypochlorite such as calcium hypochlorite, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal periodate such as sodium periodate, the 'iodoaryl diallkyl of (Ci-C 6) carboxylate such as iodobenzene diacetate. Particularly the second constituent is oxygen, preferably the method according to the invention and the composition are free chemical oxidant. According to a second preferred embodiment the oxidizing agent is i) hydrogen peroxide or system (s) generator (s) of hydrogen peroxide, preferably H 2 0 2. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, hydrogen peroxide or the chemical or oxidizing agents are preferably from 0.001% to 12% by weight as hydrogen peroxide based on the total weight of the composition or compositions or the containing and more preferably from 0.2% to 2.7% by weight. c) The pro-oxidant clays: The third component of the invention are pro-oxidant clays that is to say, that catalyze the oxidation by oxygen in the air. On peut citer les argiles décrites dans Ullman's Encyclopedia, 2006 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim « Clays » : http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/ emrw/9783527306732/ueic/article/a07_109/current/pdf Among the clays are: - Clays I) Amorphous allophanes of the group [12172-71 -3] made include silica, alumina, and are usually associated with halloysite (see below). - Clays II) Crystalline A) two layers composed of a tetrahedral layer of silica and an octahedral alumina layer: 1) to the same dimension of group [1332-58-7] kaolin, mineral group comprising: o kaolinite [1318-74-7], of formula Si 2 0 5 Al 2 (OH) 4; or dickite [1318-45-2], o nacrite [12279-65-1] and o halloysite [12244-16-5] and minerals, dehydrated kaolinite of same chemical formula; the mineral is kaolin obtained from hydrated aluminum silicates consisting especially of aluminum, and silicon such as 2H 2 0 ■ Al 2 0 3 - 2 Si0 2; China clay is formed of the single layer of tetrahedral silica associated with a single layer of octahedral alumina. It is generally of the formula AI 2 If 2 0 5 (OH) 4. 2) élongates such as halloysite [12244-16-5] the same formula as kaolinite; - Clays III) 3-layer consisting of two layers of silica tetrahedral and octahedral layer or tri central octahedron: 1) to expanded network that includes Smectites [12199-37-0] in particular from bentonite: a) the same dimension: i) montmorillonite [1318-93-0] including alkali metal or alkaline earth metal such as sodium and / or calcium, especially those of the formula Si 4 OioAl 5/3 Mg 1/3 Nai / 3 (OH) 2, known as the land of Sommières name; ii) sauconite [12424-32-7] that corresponds to the smectite wherein the zinc has replaced some aluminum atoms, and iii) the vermiculite [1318-00-9]; b) Elongate as nontronite [12174-06-0], saponite [1319-1341 -1], the hectorite [12173-47-6]; 2) non-expanded network such that the group of I Mites [12173-60-3] that include including water and aluminum and potassium silicates of the formula (OH) 4 K 2 (Si 6 Al 2) AI 4 0 ​​2 o or KAI 2 (AlSi 3 Oi 0) (OH) 2; - Clays IV) mixing regular layers belonging to the group Chlorites - V-type clays) has structural sequence under Silica tetrahedral shape connected to octahedral groups of oxygen and hydroxyl groups also containing aluminum and magnesium such as palygorskite [12174-11-7] or attapulgite [1337-76-4] which generally have a type of structure (OH 2) 4 (OH) 2 Mg 5 If 8 0 2 o 4H 2 0 may also be mentioned sepiolite [15501 -74-3 ] which is part of the clays V). - The VI clays obtained synthetically Laponite formula: Na + o, 7 [(Si 8 Mg 5, 5 Lio.3) 0 2 o (OH) 4] "o, 7) which is a synthetic smectite family, or synthetic hydrotalcite or not, type Mg 6 AI 2 (C0 3) (OH) 16 "4 (H 2 0), Specifically, the clays useful for the invention are clays selected from montmorillonites, attapulgites, bentonites, vermiculites, Goethites, hydroxyapatites, laponite and hydrotalcite. For clay according to the invention is also understood: o mixtures of clays including natural ones also called layer to layer mixtures such as mixtures lllite- smectite, chlorite illite-, smectite- chlorite vermiculite- illite and kaolinite-smectite o modified clays are clays that have known chemical modifications and which are not found in nature in that form. These modifications may be obtained by natural processes (temperature), chemical (addition of a neutralizing ion against such acids or mineral or organic bases, ion exchange by addition of a polymerizable anionic or cationic surfactant or not or a natural or synthetic polymer. It may particularly be mentioned modified clays such as bentones, such as stearalkonium hectorite, stearalkonium bentonite. The pH of the untreated kaolin is between 4.5 and 6.5 but may be increased by soluble salts. Preferably the pH is between 7.4 and 9. Preferably the pro-oxidant clays are selected from i) commercial montmorillonites such as MK10, mksf ii) montmorillonites basified such as K10 or KSF noted OH ", iii) montmorillonites acidified such as K10 or KSF denoted H +, iv ) hydrotalcite, v) Goethite vi) Goethites alkalized denoted OH ", vii) Goethites acid treated, denoted H +, viii) Bentonite, ix) Bentonite treated with an alkaline agent, denoted OH" , x) Bentonite treated with an acid agent, denoted H + Acidified clays say (called H +) can be pretreated by mid acid: The method for producing acidification of clay (referred to H +) is typically to mix a weight of clay to 10 parts of an acidic aqueous solution (e.g., hydrochloric acid 1 N). Said mixture is generally stirred at room temperature at 25 ° C for several hours (2 hours). The clay is then allowed to settle then washed. Washing was stopped when the pH is> 3 Clays say basified (referred OH ") can be pretreated with alkaline: The method to achieve acidification of the clay is typically a mix of weight of clay to 10 parts of an acidic aqueous solution (e.g. sodium hydroxide). Said mixture is generally stirred at room temperature at 25 ° C for several hours (2 hours). The clay is then allowed to settle then washed. Washing was stopped when the pH <8. The clays are preferably of particle size <10 μηη and more especially ^ 2 μηΊ. d) agent(s) alcalinisant(s) The alkalizing agent used in the dyeing process according to the invention as a third ingredient c) is an agent for increasing the pH of the composition or compositions in which it is located. The alkalizing agent is a Bronsted base, Lowry or Lewis. It can be inorganic or organic. Said agent is selected from i) (bi) carbonates, ii) ammonia, iii) alkanolamines such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine and derivatives thereof iv) ethylenediamines which are oxyethylenated and / or oxypropylenated, v) alkali metal silicates such as sodium metasilicate, vi) the amino acid basic preferences such as arginine, lysine, ornithine, histidine and citrulline, and vii) the compounds of formula (II) : N - W - N / c d (ll) Formula (II) wherein W is a divalent radical (-C 8) alkylene optionally substituted by at least one hydroxyl group or moin a (CrC 4) alkyl and / or optionally interrupted with at least one hétérotatome such as oxygen, sulfur or by -N (R e) -; R a, R b, R c, R d and R e, identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a (Ci-C 4) alkyl or hydroxy (Ci-C 4) alkyl preferably W represents a propylene radical. By (bi) carbonates i) is understood as: a) alkali metal carbonates (Met 2 + C0 3 2 "), alkaline earth metal (MET '2+, C0 3 2") ammonium ((R "4 N +) 2! C03 2" ) or phosphonium ((R "4 P +) 2 C0 3 2" with Met 'represents an alkaline earth metal and Met is an alkali metal, and R ", identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, group (d- C 6) alkyl optionally substituted as hydroxyethyl), and b) bicarbonate, also known as hydrogen carbonate, having the following formulas: > R +, HCO 3 "with R 'representing a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an ammonium group, R" 4 N + - or phosphonium R' 4 P + -, wherein R ", identical or different, represent an atom hydrogen, a (CrC 6) alkyl optionally substituted such that hydroxyethyl when R 'represents a hydrogen atom hydrogencarbonate is then called dihydrogencarbonate (C0 2, H 2 0); and > Met '2+ (HC0 3 ") 2 with Met' represents an alkaline earth metal. These include for example amines of formula (II), 1, 3 diaminopropane, 1, 3-diamino-2-propanol, spermine, spermidine. Alkanolamine by means an organic amine having a primary amino, secondary or tertiary, and one or more alkyl, linear or branched -C 8 carry one or more hydroxyl radicals. Are particularly suitable for the embodiment of the invention the organic amine selected from alkanolamines such as mono-, di- or trialkanolamines, having one to three hydroxyalkyl, identical or different, Ci-C 4. Among compounds of this type include monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine, triethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, N-diméthylaminoéthanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, the triisopropanol-amine , 2-amino-2-methyl-1, 3-propanediol, 3-amino-1, 2-propanediol, 3-dimethylamino-1, 2-propanediol, tris-hydroxymethylamino-methane. More particularly, the amino acids used are of natural or synthetic origin, in L form, D or racemic form, and comprise at least one acid function in particular from the functional carboxylic, sulfonic, phosphonic or phosphoric. Amino acids may be in neutral form or ionic. As amino acids used in the present invention, there may be mentioned aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, arginine, ornithine, citrulline, asparagine, carnitine, cysteine , glutamine, glycine, histidine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, N-phenylalanine, proline, serine, taurine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine. Advantageously, the amino acids are basic amino acids comprising an additional amine function optionally included in a ring or in a ureido function. Such basic amino acids are preferably chosen from those of formula (III): NH, _ / 2 R CH2— CH N^ C02H Formula III) wherein R represents a group chosen from: -(CH2)2NH2 ; -(CH2)2NHCONH2 ; et -(CH2)2NH C— NH2 NH The compounds corresponding to formula (III) are histidine, lysine, arginine, ornithine, citrulline. The organic amine may also be chosen from organic amines of heterocyclic type. Mention may in particular be mentioned, besides the already mentioned in the histidine amino acid, pyridine, piperidine, imidazole, triazole, tetrazole, benzimidazole. The organic amine may also be chosen from the amino acid dipeptides. As amino acid dipeptides useful in the present invention, mention may be made of carnosine, anserine and whale The organic amine may also be chosen from compounds having a guanidine function. For amines amines of this type used in the present invention, mention may be made in addition to the already mentioned arginine as an amino acid, creatine, creatinine, the 1, 1 -diméthylguanidine, 1, 1 -diéthylguanidine, glycocyamine, metformin, agmatine, n-amidinoalanine, 3-guanidino-propionic acid, 4-guanidinobutyric acid and 2 - ([amino (imino) methyl] amino) -ethane-1-sulfonic acid. More particularly, the alkalizing agent is selected from the (bi) carbonates, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal; preferentially the (bi) alkali metal carbonates. Include the carbonates or bicarbonates of Na, K, Mg, Ca and mixtures thereof, in particular Na hydrogencarbonate. These hydrogencarbonates can originate from a natural water, for example spring water from the Vichy basin, La Roche Posay, Badoit water (see for example Patent FR 2,814,943). Especially there may be mentioned sodium carbonate [497-19-8] = Na 2 C0 3, sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium bicarbonate [144-55-8] = NaHC0 3, and sodium dihydrogencarbonate = Na (HC0 3) 2. Preferably the at least one basifying agent is chosen (s) from i) (bi) carbonates, ii) ammonia, iii) alkanolamines such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine and derivatives thereof iv) ethylenediamines oxyethylenated and / or oxypropylenated, v) the alkali metal silicates such as sodium metasilicate, vi) the amino acid basic preferences such as arginine, lysine, ornithine, histidine and citrulline, and vii) compounds of formula (II) as defined above. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment the one or more agent (s) basifying (s)) is (are) chosen (s) from alkanolamines and (bi) carbonates, especially alkali or alkaline earth metal. More preferably they are together in the dyeing process. Or the agent (s) basifying (s) as defined above preferably represent from 0.001% to 10% by weight of the weight of the composition or compositions containing them. More particularly from 0.005% to 8% by weight of the composition. dérivé(s) métalligue(s) The method of the invention may be implemented, and the composition may further comprise one or more derivative (s) metal (s) which catalyze (s) the oxidation by oxygen in the air. Preferably either the composition according to the invention, or the dyeing process according to the invention do not contain or implement metal of iron or iron compound. In particular the process according to the invention does not implement the preliminary stage, or pretreatment etching from mordant classics such as pretreatment from Metal derivatives of Fe, and in particular iron salts. Particularly the metal compounds which catalyze oxidation by air oxygen are selected from metal salts, metal complexes, metal oxides, metal oxyanions and their supported forms for which the metals are 1) Cu; 2) In; 3) MB; 4) Ag; 5) W; 6) V; 7) Ru; 8) Mg; 9) This; 10) Re; 1 1) Ti; 12) Where; 13) Sn; 14) Zr; 15) Nb; 16) In; 17) Se; 18) Al; 19) Mn; 20) Zn particularly these derivatives can not represent i) the halide of Mg, Sn, AI, Cu ii) nitrate Cu and Ag, and iii) sulphate Cu and Al. More particularly the or the metal (s) is (are) chosen (s) from: 1) or derivative (s) according copper (s): i) the oxide (s), copper (Cu) of oxidation I or II (Cu I or II); ii) metallic copper complexes such as metalloporphyrin (s), Cu I and II, phthalocyanines and copper chlorophyllins; iii) the salt (s) of Cu I and II chosen from: a) Cu II Cuhal halides of the formula (R 2) with Hal representing a halogen atom, and R 2 represents hydroxy, (Ci-C 6) alkoxy, or R 1 -C (0) 0- wherein R 1 representing a group (CrC 6) alkyl, b) alkyl (CRCI 6) Cu II Cu carboxylates such as acetate, c) ((CRCI 6) alkyl) Cu sulfates such as lauryl ammoniacal Cu, d) the (bi) carbonate such as Cu Cu carbonate, e) les ALKYL (CrCl 6) II Tels que polycarboxylates Cu Cu Cu 3 citrate them (C6H 5 0 7) 2, succinate with them, f) alkyl (CRCI 6) Cu II polycarboxylates with the alkyl group optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms such as nitrogen atom as edetate Cu, g) les (poly) hydroxyalkyl (CrCl 6) II Tels que carboxyates Cu gluconate Cu, Cu glycocollate them, milk them of Cu, h) hétérocycloalkylcarboxylates such as Cu pidolate, i) Cu désoxyribonucléate, j) l'oxalate de Cu, k) les [(poly)(CrCi6)alkyl](poly)phosphates de Cu tels que le diphosphate de Cu, iv) metal complexes of Cu (I) or (II) comprising ligands particularly those mono ligands, di, tri or tetra-functional such as: a) the Cu complex (II) to bisazomethine ligand of formula (a) below : (a) as well as hydrates, formula (a) wherein: o E represents a divalent chain (CrC 6) linear or branched alkylene optionally substituted with oxo, or (C 2 -C 6) alkylene linear or branched, o either J is present and represents a group as defined for E, in which case X represents a heteroatom selected from N and P; o or J is absent and X is a heteroatom such as O, S, N (R '), or P (R') wherein R 'is a hydrogen atom or a group (CC 6) -straight or branched alkyl, o A and B, identical or different, are optionally substituted aryl groups, or heteroaryl optionally substituted; and o R 'is as defined for N (R') and P (R '); b) the complex Cu (II) to azomethine ligand such as those of formula (β) below: as well as hydrates, formula (β) wherein: X, Y, A, B, R 'and J are as defined above in formula (a); c) derivatives of azo direct dyes copper complex such as those of formula (γ) below: with X, Y, A and B as defined above in the formula (a), d) the complex Cu (II) from dyes are particularly Cu complexes of 2,2'-dihydroxyazo; 2,2'-hydroxyaminoazo; 2,2'-dihydroxy azomethine, 2,2'-dihydroxycarboxyazo; 2,2'-dihydroxycarboxyazométhine; tridendates the ligands derived from formazans;, 2) l'or (Au), 3) molybdenum (Mo), 4) silver oxide (Ag) I and II, Ag I and II salts selected from silver halides, sulfate Ag, [R 1 -C (0) 0] n Ag n = 1 or 2, R 1 representing a group (CrC 6) alkyl group such as acetate Ag, Ag lactate, silver complexes, such as metalloporphyrins Ag I, Ag phthalocyanines I or chlorophyllins Ag I, 5) tungsten (W), 6) le vanadium (V), 7) Ruthenium (Ru), 8) magnesium oxide (Mg) II, Mg II salt selected from Mg sulfate, Mg II metalloporphyrins, phthalocyanines Mg II, chlorophyllins Mg II, Mg II chlorophylls, 9) cerium (Ce), 10) le rhénium (Re), 11) titanium (Ti), 12) silicon (Si), 13) tin oxides (Sn), 14) le zirconium (Zr), 15) le niobium (Nb), 16) l'indium (In), 17) selenium (Se), 18) oxides of aluminum (Al) and 19) manganese (Mn), particularly the manganese salt, especially manganese (II) salts such as for example manganese halides the MNCI 2; and 20) Zinc (Zn), especially zinc salts, especially zinc (II) salts such as for example manganese halides the ZnCl 2. More particularly the metal or metals are selected from 1) to 19). According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the metal or metals are selected from zinc. The term "metal salt" is meant a different compound alloys ie the salt consists of a metal combined with certain non-metallic elements. The formation of metal salts resulted from oxidative attack. The metal is oxidized to a cationic species and then combined with an anionic species to give a salt. This training takes place by applying the principles and redox reaction (chemical reaction during which occurs electron transfer in which the atom that captures electrons is called "oxidative"; one who sells, "gear" ); or by chemical exchange reaction between a salt and a different salt or an acid, in the presence or absence of air oxygen. These reactions are known to those skilled in the art. Preferably the salts of the invention are soluble in water at a proportion of at least 0.0001 g / L. The metal salts of the invention can be introduced in solid form into the compositions or come from a natural water, mineral or thermal, rich in these ions or seawater (Dead Sea in particular). They can also originate from inorganic compounds such as land, like ocher clay (green clay for example) or even plant extract containing them (see eg patent document FR 2814943). The term "metal complex" or "coordination compounds" is meant systems in which the metal ion, the central atom is chemically bonded to one or more electron donors (ligands). A ligand comprising different coordinating groups (capable of coordinating with a metal) gives the metal compounds of the coordination sphere of principles number of determined electrons (inner complexes or chelates) - see Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, "Metal complex dyes "2005, p. 1 -42 - Specifically metal complex by means: i) metal dyes or "metal-complex dyes" which are complexed dyes from azo, azomethine, hydrazono, formazans (free, bidentate, tridendates, quadridendates) such as those described in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, « Métal complex dyes », 2005, p. 1 -42, qui comprennent préférentiellement du Cu et Mg ; ii) the compounds of type "aza [18] annulenes" or also called "(metallo) porphyrins" and "phthalocyanine" which contain 4 to 8 nitrogen atoms respectively included in the perimeter of the macrocycle - see the book « Color Chemistry, » H. Zollinger, 3th Ed., Wiley-VCH, 2003, chap.5. Aza[18]annulenes, p. 123-160. L'ion métallique se trouve alors au centre dudit macrocycle lié par coordination à 2 atomes d'hydrogènes aux atomes d'azote de pyrroles, le métal pouvant également être stabilisé par un ou plusieurs ligands bidendates ou non ; l'ion métallique étant préférentiellement du Mg2+ ou Cu2+; particulièrement le complexe métallique est : a "metalloporphyrin" consisting of a backbone to 4 groups pyrroles which are connected to their position α, α 'by four methine groups and contain 16 carbon hybridized sp 2 complexing a metal such as Cu, Mg.ou a "chlorine" (corresponding to a porphyrin which a double bond C = C external pyrrole was reduced) complexed with a metal preferably Mg 2+ such that the chromophore of chlorophyll: chlorophyllin; iii) "phthalocyanine" analogs tetraaza of tetrabenzoporphyrins, such as Monastral Fast Blue B (CI Pigment Blue 15). Monastral Fast Blue G (CI. Pigment Blue 16) (see "Color Chemistry," H. Zollinger, 3th Ed., Wiley-VCH, 2003, chap.5. Aza[18]annulenes, p. 140) ; les dérivés sulfonylés Sirius light Turquoise Blue G (CI. Direct Blue 86, acide phtalocyanine tétrasulfonique de Cuivre) et les « phtalocyanines » telles décrites dans Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, « Phtalocyanines », 2005, p. 1 -34 qui comprennent du Cu et Si. The term "oxide (s) metal (s)" means the generic formula A compounds x O y A represents a metal element and one