1. A consuiner apparatus operation management system (1 0 1) that prepares an operation plan of consumer control apparatus in a power distribution system, the coilsumer apparatus operation management system (1 01) comprising: an evaluation unit (1 03) configured to acquire system information including a system topology and impedances (705) in the power distribution system, to predict load amounts and power generation amounts for respective prescribed nodes (704), to generate a voltage distribution profile (801) indicative of a correlation between a power transmission distance and a voltage transition based on the system information, the load amounts, and the power generation amounts, and to figure out an evaluation value based on a variation width of the voltage distribution profile (801) and a specified voltage width (901); and a preparation unit (1 04) configured to prepare an operation plan related to heat quantity control and/or electric-energy control in the consumer control apparatus based on the evaluation value.

2. The consumer apparatus operation management system (1 0 1) according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation unit (1 03) figures out the variation width from a difference (1 002, 1003) between a maximum value and a minimum value of voltages at the nodes (704) in the voltage distribution profile (801).

3. The consumer apparatus operation management system (1 0 1) according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation value is a value acquired by dividing the variation width by the specified voltage width (901).

4. The consumer apparatus operation management system (1 0 1) according to claim 3, wherein the operation plan is prepared based on the voltage distribution profile (801) when the evaluatioi~v alue becomes smallest.

5. The consumer apparatus operation management system (1 0 1) accordillg to claim 1, wherein the evaluation unit (1 03) further figures out evaluation sensitivities indicative of variations of the evaluation value with respect to unit variations of the load amounts for the respective nodes (704).

6. The consumer apparatus operation management system (1 0 1) according to claim 1, wherein the preparation unit (1 04) varies control amounts of a voltage control apparatus in the power distribution systein and/or the consumer control apparatus at the nodes (704) based on the evaluation value and prepares the operation plan.

7. The consumer apparatus operation management system (1 01) according to claim 6, further comprising: a market transaction unit (1 02) configured to coilduct transactions with an electricity market; wherein the preparation unit (104) prepares the operatioil plan based on adjustment amounts related to demand-and-supply adjustment commands of electric power for the consumer control apparatus, the adjustment amounts being acquired from the market transaction unit (1 02).

8. The consumer apparatus operation management system (1 01) according to claim 6, further comprising: an operation execution unit (1 05) configured to generate and output control commands directed to the consumer control apparatus.

9. The consumer apparatus operation management system (1 01) according to claim 7, further comprising: an apparatus management unit (1 08) configured to receive control results of the consumer control apparatus due to the demand-and-supply adjustment command; and a fee calculation unit (1 10) configured to calculate incentives paid to respective consumers based on the control results transmitted from the apparatus management unit (1 08).

10. A consumer apparatus operation management method for preparing an operation plan of consumer control apparatus in a power distribution system, the method comprising the steps of: acquiring system information including a system topology and impedances (705) in the power distribution system; predicting load amounts and power generation amounts for respective prescribed nodes (704); generating a voltage distribution profile (801) indicative of a correlation between a power transmission distance and a voltage transition based on the system information, the load amounts, and the power generation amounts; figuring out an evaluation value based on a variation width of the voltage distribution profile (801) and a specified voltage width (901); and preparing the operation plan based on the evaluation value.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to consumer apparatus operation management
systems and methods for adjusting the demand and supply of electric power of consumer
apparatus so as not to depart from a specified voltage of a power distribution system.
5 In the recent technology development of demand side management, services are
under consideration in which distributed energy sources to be regulated are integrally managed,
rendered to trade the electric power with a system side through, for example, buying and selling
surplus electric power and/or adjusting the load amount, and operated as a virtual power
generating plant. It is also discussed that the operation of services is performed by a third party
10 other than a power system operator, and a company that performs the operation is called an
aggregator. Target distributed energy sources may be originated to the integration of emergency
generators and/or compact hydraulic powers in old times, and recently the target apparatus have
been expanded to consumer apparatus for reasons of development of the communication
technologies. The examples of the target consumer apparatus include a distributed power
15 source to serve as the supply source of electric power, a heat pump and/or an air-conditioner to
serve as a load, and further an electric vehicle, a rechargeable battery, and the like that may serve
as both the supply source and the load.
JP-A-2012-095466 could be listed, for example, as a background of the field of
the present technology. It describes an apparatus which continues to sell the power generated
20 by distributed power supplies while suppressing a voltage rise in a power distribution line caused
by the distributed power supplies, the apparatus including a unit which stores an allowable upper
voltage limit value that is the upper liinit of the allowable range of the voltage in the distribution
line, a unit which acquires, from voltmeters installed at various sites of the distribution line,
voltage values measured at the respective sites, and a unit which instructs a water heater linked
25 up with the distribution line to heat water when at least one of the acquired voltage values is
higher than the allowable upper voltage limit value.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
I-Iowcver, in the conventional technique and the above-described JP-A-2012-
30 095466, when a consumer apparatus is controlled to the extent more than necessary to contain
the voltage values at various sites in a feeder within the uppedlower-limit values of an allowable
range of the voltage, the voltage might depart from the voltage constraint values at any one of
the sites in the feeder as a result of colitrolling the consumer apparatus at a prescribed site
because variations in the voltage distribution at the respective sites in the feeder are not taken
into consideration. Moreover, because this voltage distribution is not taken into consideration,
5 the optimum control of the consumer apparatus in the range not departing from the voltages
cannot be performed.
In order to solve the above-described problems, according to an aspect of the
present invention, there is provided a consumer apparatus operation management system that
prepares an operation plan of consumer control apparatus in a power distribution system, the
10 consumer apparatus operation management system including: an evaluation unit configured to
acquire system information including a system topology and impedances in the power
distribution system, to predict load amounts and power generation amounts for respective
prescribed nodes, to generate a voltage distribution profile indicative of a correlation between a
power transmission distance and a voltage transition based on the system information, the load
15 amounts, and the power generation amounts, and to figure out an evaluation value based on a
variation width of the voltage distribution profile and a specified voltage width; and a
preparation unit configured to prepare an operation plan related to heat quantity control and/or
electric-energy control in the consumer control apparatus based on the evaluation value.
Moreover, an invention of a method corresponding to the above-described system
20 is also included.
According to the present invention, the possibility of the deviation from voltage
constraint values in a feeder that may occur while controlling a prescribed consumer apparatus
can be reduced and the control amount of the consumer apparatus can be optimized.
Other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will become apparent
25 from the followilig description of the embodiments of the invention taken in conjunction with the
accompai~yingd rawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 illustrates an example of an overall system configuration including a
30 configuration of a consumer apparatus operation managemelit system;
Fig. 2 illustrates an example of an operation plan preparation flow in a power
distribution control considering-type operatioil plan preparation unit;
Fig. 3 illustrates an example of the operation plan prepared by the power
distribution control considering-type operatioil plan preparation unit;
Fig. 4 illustrates an example of a preparation flow of a one-day earlier plan in the
power distribution control considering-type operation plan preparation unit;
Fig. 5 illustrates an example of an apparatus operation schedule;
Fig. 6 illustrates an example of a voltage evaluation flow in a voltage control
5 apparatus control difficulty level evaluation unit;
Fig. 7 illustrates an example of system information;
Fig. 8 illustrates an example of a voltage distribution profile;
Figs. 9A and 9B show diagrams for explaining a control difficulty level of a
voltage control apparatus;
10 Figs. 1 OA, 1 OB, and 10C show diagrams for explaining a voltage profile score;
Figs. 1 1 A, 1 1 B, and 11 C exemplify effects of the present invention on an SVC
and an SVR;
Fig. 12 illustrates an example of a flow for optimizing an apparatus control
amount in the power distribution control considering-type operation plan preparation unit; and
15 Fig. 13 illustrates an example of a flow for modifying an operatioil plan in the
power distribution control considering-type operation plan preparation unit.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
Hereinafter, embodiments of a consumer apparatus control method and a control
20 system to which the present invention is applied are described along with the accompanying
drawings.
Fig. 1 illustrates a configuration example of an overall system including a
configuration diagram of a consumer apparatus operation management system 101. A market
transaction unit 102 co~lductstr ansactions with various types of markets such as an ancillary
25 market, a capacity market, and a spot market, and determines a control amount (hereinafter,
referred to as a DR adjustment amount) of demand response (hereinafter, referred to as DR) and
an incentive therefor (hereinafter, referred to as a DR incentive). An aggregator needs to
prepare an operation plan of consumer apparatus to be managed, so as to satisfy the DR
adjustment amount. In preparing the operation plan, first, a voltage control apparatus control
30 difficulty level evaluation unit 103 indexes a difficulty level (hereinalter, referred to as a voltage
control apparatus control difficulty level) for a power distribution company to control a voltage
control apparatus such as a load ratio co~ltrotlr ansformer (hereinafter, referred to as an LRT), a
static var compensator (hereinafter, referred to as an SVC), and a step voltage regulator
(hereinafter, referred to as an SVR) thereby adjusting the distribution voltage to within an
- 5 -
appropriate range. A power distribution co~ltrocl onsidering-type operation plan preparation
unit 104 prepares an operation plan so as to maintain or reduce the indexed voltage control
apparatus control difficulty level. An operation execution unit 105 outputs to an apparatus
management unit 108 a control command for consumer apparatus, in accordance with the
5 operation plan. The apparatus management unit 108 controls each consumer apparatus 107 via
a communication unit 106 by rewriting an apparatus operation schedule set in each consumer
apparatus 107 or by outputting a control command directly to each consumer apparatus 107 in
accordance with the control command. A system connection unit 109 connects a consumer
apparatus 107 and a power system using a power converter for interconnection such as, for
10 example, a PCS, and transmits measured electric energy to the apparatus management unit 108
via the communication unit 106. Based on the electric energy and the like, the apparatus
management unit 108 notifies a fee calculation unit 11 0 of the control results in DR such as the
control amounts of respective consumer apparatus 107 (hereinafter, referred to as the apparatus
control amounts). Based on this notified control result, the fee calculation unit 11 0 figures out
15 the contributions of respective consumer apparatus 107, and calculates the incentives for practice
that are paid to respective consumers from among the DR incentive. The information needed
for these are retained by various types of databases (hereinafter, referred to as DBs). A
transaction management DB 11 1 retains consumer transaction information such as the incentive
for practice and a contract term, and market transaction information such as the DR adjustment
20 amount and the DR incentive. A system information DB 11 2 retains system information which
includes an appropriate voltage range of a feeder connected to a substation, the system topology
such as nodes of the feeder and links to connect them, and impedailces of distribution lines used
in the links. An apparatus information DB 11 3 retains the consumer apparatus information,
including connection nodes of the feeders to which respective consumer apparatus 107 connect,
25 apparatus conditions such as heat storage amounts and states of charge (hereinafter, referred to as
SOCs) of respective consumer apparatus 107, apparatus operation schedules of respective
consumer apparatus 107, and change histories of the apparatus operation schedules. An
aggregator may manage all of these constituents of the consumer apparatus operation
management systems 101, or a power system operator such as a power distribution company
30 may manage all or part of them. Incidentally, as hardware configuration, processing devices
configured to process using a processor or the like and storage devices configured to store data
using a memory or storage may be conceivable for various units described above and DBs,
respectively. Incidentally, control of consumer apparatus described above may be performed
via consumer control apparatus provided to consumer apparatus.
- 6 -
Fig. 2 illustrates an example of an operation plan preparation flow in the power
distribution control considering-type operation plan preparation unit 104. In Step S201, the
power distribution control considering-type operation plan preparation unit 104 prepares at a
prescribed time such as 18:00, for example, on the day before a DR an operation plan as a one-
5 day earlier plan. On the day of a DR, the power distribution control considering-type operation
plan preparation unit 104 repeats modification of the operation plan of Step S201 at a monitoring
cycle such as a 30 minute cycle, for example, (S202).
Fig. 3 illustrates an example of the operation plan. The operation plan includes a
consumer apparatus list 301, connection nodes 302 of respective consumer apparatus, and
10 apparatus operation modes 304 of respective consumer apparatus in each time period 303 of
respective control cycles. The apparatus operation modes 304 include, if it is an apparatus for
storing heat such as a heat pump, a stored-heat consuming operation 305 in which stored heat is
consumed with showers or the like, a consumer heat storing operation 306 in which a heat
storing operation is performed in accordance with an apparatus operation schedule set by a
15 consumer, and a DR heat storing operation 307 in which a heat storing operation is performed
while being controlled with DR. In the case of an apparatus for storing electricity such as a
rechargeable battery, the consumption of stored heat and the heat storing may be rephrased as
discharging and charging, respectively. The same is true hereinafter.
Fig. 4 illustrates an example of a flow in which the power distribution control
20 considering-type operation plan preparation unit 104 prepares a one-day earlier plan in Step
S401. In step S40 1 the power distribution control considering-type operation plan preparation
unit 104 acquires apparatus information from the apparatus information DB 1 13. The power
distribution control considering-type operation plan preparation unit 104 generates in Step S402
apparatus operation constraints using the apparatus operation schedule that is a part of the
25 apparatus information. The apparatus operation constraints are formed of heat storing time
slots of respective apparatus and heat storing time periods required in the heat storing time slots.
The power distribution control considering-type operation plan preparation unit 104 acquires a
DR adjustment amount from the transaction management DB 11 1 in Step S403. The DR
adjustment amount contains a time period during which a DR is performed and a target value of
30 the total amount of apparatus control in the time period. Moreover, in Step S404, the power
distribution control considering-type operation plan preparation unit 104 requests the voltage
control apparatus control difficulty level evaluation unit 103 to evaluate the voltage of the power
distribution system, and acquires as a result of the evaluation a voltage profile score, which is an
indexed voltage control apparatus control difficulty level, for each time period 303 and score
sensitivity coefficients, which indicate variations in the score with respect to variations in a unit
load for respective nodes. With the connection nodes and the apparatus operation schedules of
the apparatus that are part of the apparatus information acquired in Step S401, the apparatus
operation constraints generated in Step S402, the DR adjustment amount acquired in Step S403,
5 and the voltage profile score and the score sensitivity coefficients acquired in Step S404, the
power distribution control considering-type operation plan preparation unit 104 optimizes the
apparatus control amount and prepares an operation plan in Step S405.
Fig. 5 illustrates an example of the apparatus operation schedule which the power
distribution control considering-type operation plan preparation unit 104 uses in Step S402.
10 For a certain consumer apparatus, there are respective time periods 501 for respective control
cycles, operation modes 502 in respective time periods set by a consumer, and intervals 505
indicative of one cycle of schedule units. The stored-heat consuming operations 503 and
consumer heat storing operations 504 are set in the operation modes 502. The intervals 505
refer to time slots from an end point of a stored-heat consuming operation 503 to an end point of
15 the next stored-heat consuming operation 503. Within this interval, a consumer apparatus
needs to perform a heat storing operation before the stored-heat consuming operation 503 starts
and, therefore, the power distribution control considering-type operation plan preparation unit
104 generates in Step S402, from the apparatus operation schedule, a heat storing time slot for
respective intervals of each apparatus and a heat storing time period required in the heat storing
20 time slot as the apparatus operation constraints. In the example of Fig. 5, the apparatus
operation constraints related to Interval 2 (506) are the heat storing time slot of from 10:OO till
19:OO and the heat storing time of one hour.
Fig. 6 illustrates an example of the voltage evaluation flow wl~ichth e voltage
control apparatus control difficulty level evaluation unit 103 performs in Step S404. The
25 voltage control apparatus control difficulty level evaluation unit 103 acquires system infornlatioil
from the system information DB 112 in Step S601. Also, in Step S602, load amounts are
predicted for respective time periods and nodes using the weather forecast for temperature,
humidity, and the like on the next day, information on the type of the day such as a holiday and a
weekday, and the like. Furthermore, in Step S603, power generation amounts are predicted for
30 respective time periods and nodes from the weather illformation such as the wind speed and the
amount of insolation on the next day, and the like. Using the system topology of links and
nodes and the impedances of the distribution lines constituting the links acquired as the system
information in Step S6Ol , the load amounts for respective time periods and nodes predicted in
Step S602, and the amounts of power generated for respective time periods and nodes predicted
in Step S603, the voltage control apparatus control difficulty level evaluation unit 103 generates
voltage distribution profiles for respective feeders and time periods in Step S604. Using the
voltage distribution profiles for respective feeders and time periods and the appropriate voltage
ranges for respective feeders acquired as the system information in Step S601, the voltage
5 control apparatus control difficulty level evaluation unit 103 calculates voltage profile scores for
respective feeders and time periods as indicators of the voltage control apparatus control
difficulty levels in Step S605. Moreover, using the system topology of links and nodes and the
impedances of the distribution lines constituting the links, which are acquired as the system
illformation in Step S601, and the voltage distribution profiles generated for respective feeders
10 and time periods in Step S604, the voltage control apparatus control difficulty level evaluation
unit 103 calculates variations in the scores with respect to variations in a unit load for respective
nodes as the score sensitivity coefficients for respective time periods and nodes. The voltage
control apparatus control difficulty level evaluation unit 103 outputs the voltage profile scores
and the score sensitivity coefficients to the power distribution control considering-type operation
15 plan preparation unit 104.
Fig. 7 illustrates an example of the system information which the voltage control
apparatus control difficulty level evaluation unit 103 acquires in Step S60 1. The system
information includes a system topology of a feeder 702 connected to a substation 701, and links
703 and nodes 704 constituting the feeder 702, line impedances 705 of the distribution lines
20 constituting the links 703, and an appropriate voltage range 706 that is the appropriate range of
the voltage value in the feeder 702.
Fig. 8 illustrates an example of the voltage distribution profile which the voltage
control apparatus control difficulty level evaluation unit 103 generates in Step S604. A voltage
distribution profile 801 includes a delivery reference voltage 802 fsom the substation 701 and
25 node voltage values 803 of respective nodes on the feeder. The voltage distribution profile 801
is generated by the voltage control apparatus control difficulty level evaluation unit 103 by
calculating voltage drops or performing power flow calculation, in accordance with the system
topology acquired as the system information in Step S601, fi-om the impedances of respective
links, and the load amounts and the power generation amounts for respective nodes. With this
30 configuration, a voltage distribution before the voltage control apparatus controls can be
generated.
Figs. 9A and 9B show diagrams to explain the control difficulty level of a voltage
control apparatus which the voltage control apparatus colltrol difficulty level evaluation unit 103
evaluates in Step S605. For example, considering a case where the voltage values of the nodes
- 9 -
011 the feeder are adjusted within an appropriate voltage range 901 by controlling the delivery
voltage 802 at the substation 705 using an LRT, a control range (904) of the voltage control
apparatus with which the voltage values of all the nodes can be adjusted within the appropriate
voltage range 901 is from a control amount causing the voltage value of at least one node on the
5 feeder to reach the upper limit (902) of the appropriate voltage range to a control amount causing
the voltage value of at least one node on the feeder to reach the lower limit (903) of the
appropriate voltage range. If the width of the control range 904 is small, it is difficult to control
the voltage control apparatus for an appropriate control amount and, to the contrary, if it is large,
it is easy to control the voltage control apparatus for an appropriate control amount.
10 Figs. 1 OA, 1 OB, and 10C show diagrams for explaining the voltage profile score
which serves as an indicator of the voltage control apparatus control difficulty level. The
voltage profile score is calculated as a ratio of a voltage difference 1002 in a feeder to an
appropriate voltage range 100 1. Specifically, it is calculated by performing a division with a
subtraction of the lower limit value from the upper limit value of the appropriate voltage range to
15 be the denominator and a subtraction of the smallest value from the largest value of the node
voltage values in the feeder to be the numerator, respectively. Thus, if the voltage profile score
is high, the appropriate control range (904) of the voltage control apparatus becomes small and,
therefore, control of the voltage control apparatus is difficult. To the contrary, if the voltage
profile score is low, the appropriate control range (904) of the voltage control apparatus becomes
20 large and, therefore, control of the voltage control apparatus is easy. With this configuration,
the control difficulty level of a voltage control apparatus can be evaluated.
Figs. 1 1 A, 1 1 B, and 1 1 C exemplify effects of the present invention on a voltage
control apparatus such as an SVC and an SVR that perfbrms voltage control in the middle of a
feeder. Consider a case where a control amount 1 101 of a voltage control apparatus is needed
25 in order to contain node voltage values within an appropriate range in a voltage distribution
profile before the voltage control apparatus controls. In this case, reduction of the voltage
profile score would mean reduction of both or either one of a voltage difference 1103 and a
voltage difference 11 04 to reduce a total voltage difference 11 02. When the voltage difference
1103 is reduced to a voltage difference 11 05 according to the present invention, with regard to
30 the control amount of the voltage control apparatus, because the voltage on the primary side
increases, the voltage control amount for raising the voltage to the same voltage value as that
prior to application of the present invention is only a control amount 11 06. Since this is smaller
than the control amount 11 01, it is conceived that the control by the voltage control apparatus
becomes easier. Similarly, when the voltage difference 11 04 is reduced to a voltage difference
- 10-
11 07 according to the present invention, with regard to the control amount of the voltage control
apparatus, because the voltage drop on the secondary side decreases, the voltage does not need to
be raised to the same voltage value as that prior to application of the present invention and the
voltage control amount is only a control amount 1108. Since this is also smaller than the
5 control amount 11 01, it is conceived that the control by the voltage control apparatus becomes
easier. From the aforementioned, evaluation of the control difficulty level of a voltage control
apparatus by means of the voltage profile score is effective not only in the control apparatus of
the delivery voltage of a substation such as an LRT but in a voltage control apparatus such as an
SVC or an SVR, which performs voltage control in the middle of a feeder.
10 Fig. 12 illustrates an example of the flow when the power distribution control
considering-type operation plan preparation unit 104 optimizes the apparatus control amount in
Step S405. In Step S405, the power distribution control considering-type operation plan
preparation unit 104 searches the apparatus control amounts of the consumer apparatus from the
apparatus operation schedules acquired as the apparatus information in Step S401 in accordance
15 with the apparatus operation constraints prepared in Step S402, so that the sum of the apparatus
control amounts satisfies the DR adjustment amount acquired in Step S403. In the example of
the apparatus operation schedule of Fig. 5, the search is performed by changing some or all of
the consumer heat storing operations 504 to the DR heat storing operations. 'The power
distribution control considering-type operation plan preparation unit 104 sums up the variations
20 in the apparatus control amounts for respective connection nodes in Step S 1202 using the
connection nodes of the apparatus acquired as the apparatus information in Step S 1201. Next, a
score variation in the voltage profile score is calculated in Step S 1203 using the variations in the
apparatus control amounts for the respective nodes and the score sensitivity coefficients acquired
in Step S606. Specifically, it is calculated by multiplying the variations of the apparatus control
25 amounts for the respective nodes by the score sensitivity coefficients. The power distribution
control considering-type operation plan preparation unit 104 evaluates an objective function of
the DR using the searched apparatus control amounts in Step S 1204, and confirms the constraint
conditions on the DR in Step S1205. The voltage profile score evaluated by the power
distribution control considering-type operation plan preparation unit 104 in Step S605 and the
30 score variation in the voltage profile score may be directly used in combination for the objective
function, or may be used as constraint conditions. For example, when a voltage distribution
profile that makes the control of the voltage control apparatus most difficult within one day is
desired to be improved to the maximum extent, the maximum value within one day of the value
acquired by adding the score variation to the voltage profile score may be taken as the objective
function and it may be minimized. Otherwise, in order for the voltage control difficulty level of
the voltage distribution profile to be equal to or less than a reference value in all the time periods,
the constraint conditioils may be set so that the value acquired by adding the score variation to
the voltage profile score always becomes equal to or less than the reference value. Here, the
5 value acquired by adding the score variation to the voltage profile score means the voltage
profile score after DR control. The objective function and the constraint conditions may be set
in other manners than these and use of the voltage profile score and the score variation for at
least one of the objective functions or the constraint conditions allows the control difficulty level
of the voltage control apparatus after controlling consumer apparatus to be taken into
10 consideration. If there is no problem in the constraint conditions in Step S1205 (S 1206), in
Step S 1207 the power distribution control considering-type operation plan preparation unit 104
temporarily stores the apparatus control amounts and the evaluation result of the objective
function in Step S 1204. As long as the evaluation result of the objective function in Step S 1204
is expected to be improved by further performing in Step S 120 1 a search for the apparatus
15 control amounts of the consumer apparatus, in Step S1208 the power distribution control
considering-type operation plan preparation unit 104 repetitively performs Step S 120 1 to Step
S 1207. As for the repetitive operation in S 1208 from Step S 120 1 to Step S 1207, a general
optimization technique may be used and, for example, a meta-heuristic approach such as mixed
integer programming and particle swarm optimization can be contemplated; usually the number
20 of times of repetition sufficient for optimization is specified. In Step S1209, the power
distribution control considering-type operation plan preparation unit 104 selects, among a
plurality of sets of the apparatus control amounts temporarily stored in Step S 1207, the optimum
apparatus control amounts which provide the best evaluation result of the objective function in
Step S 1204. The power distribution control considering-type operation plan preparation unit
25 104 prepares a11 operation plan based on the optimum apparatus control amounts in Step S1210.
Fig. 13 illustrates an example of the flow when the power distribution control
considering-type operation plan preparation unit 104 modifies the operation plan in Step S202.
The power distribution control considering-type operation plan preparation unit 104 acquires
apparatus information from the apparatus information DB 11 3 in Step S1301. Next, in Step
30 S 1302, the power distribution control considering-type operation plan preparation unit 104
acquires the apparatus operation constraints generated in Step S402. Finally, in Step S1303, the
power distribution control considering-type operation plan preparation unit 104 modifies the
apparatus control amounts and updates the operation plan. More specifically, it is modified as
the change history of the apparatus operation schedules by a consumer, which is acquired as the
apparatus information in Step S401, and the apparatus conditions such as the heat storage
amount and the SOC are monitored and a schedule of the DR heat storing operation is switched
over from an apparatus whose DR heat storing operation is scheduled but is difficult to be
performed to another apparatus whose DR heat storing operation is not scheduled but
5 practicable. At this time, using the connection nodes of the apparatus acquired as the apparatus
information in Step S401, the schedule of the DR heat storing operation is switched over to an
apparatus connected to the same node as much as possible. With this configuration, an
operation plan can be modified while suppressing the change of the control difficulty level of a
scheduled voltage control apparatus.
10 By employing the above-described configuration, control of the distribution
voltage by a voltage control apparatus can be simplified and the voltage constraint violations
occurring in controlling consumer apparatus decrease. Thus, control amounts of consumer
apparatus practicable with an existing capability of a power distribution equipment increases and
tradable control amounts of consumer apparatus can be increased.
15 It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described
embodiments but various modifications are included. For example, the above-described
embodiments have been described in detail for ease of explanation of the present invention, and
are not necessarily limited to the embodiments having all the described configurations.
- 13 -
WE CLAIM:
1. A consuiner apparatus operation management system (1 0 1) that prepares an
operation plan of consumer control apparatus in a power distribution system, the coilsumer
apparatus operation management system (1 01) comprising:
an evaluation unit (1 03) configured to acquire system information including a
system topology and impedances (705) in the power distribution system, to predict load amounts
and power generation amounts for respective prescribed nodes (704), to generate a voltage
distribution profile (801) indicative of a correlation between a power transmission distance and a
voltage transition based on the system information, the load amounts, and the power generation
amounts, and to figure out an evaluation value based on a variation width of the voltage
distribution profile (801) and a specified voltage width (901); and
a preparation unit (1 04) configured to prepare an operation plan related to heat
quantity control and/or electric-energy control in the consumer control apparatus based on the
evaluation value.
2. The consumer apparatus operation management system (1 0 1) according to claim
1, wherein the evaluation unit (1 03) figures out the variation width from a difference (1 002,
1003) between a maximum value and a minimum value of voltages at the nodes (704) in the
voltage distribution profile (801).
3. The consumer apparatus operation management system (1 0 1) according to claim
1, wherein the evaluation value is a value acquired by dividing the variation width by the
specified voltage width (901).
4. The consumer apparatus operation management system (1 0 1) according to claim
3, wherein the operation plan is prepared based on the voltage distribution profile (801) when the
evaluatioi~v alue becomes smallest.
5. The consumer apparatus operation management system (1 0 1) accordillg to claim
1, wherein the evaluation unit (1 03) further figures out evaluation sensitivities indicative of
variations of the evaluation value with respect to unit variations of the load amounts for the
respective nodes (704).
6. The consumer apparatus operation management system (1 0 1) according to claim
1, wherein the preparation unit (1 04) varies control amounts of a voltage control apparatus in the
power distribution systein and/or the consumer control apparatus at the nodes (704) based on the
evaluation value and prepares the operation plan.
7. The consumer apparatus operation management system (1 01) according to claim
6, further comprising: a market transaction unit (1 02) configured to coilduct transactions with an
electricity market; wherein the preparation unit (104) prepares the operatioil plan based on
adjustment amounts related to demand-and-supply adjustment commands of electric power for
the consumer control apparatus, the adjustment amounts being acquired from the market
transaction unit (1 02).
8. The consumer apparatus operation management system (1 01) according to claim
6, further comprising: an operation execution unit (1 05) configured to generate and output
control commands directed to the consumer control apparatus.
9. The consumer apparatus operation management system (1 01) according to claim
7, further comprising:
an apparatus management unit (1 08) configured to receive control results of the
consumer control apparatus due to the demand-and-supply adjustment command; and
a fee calculation unit (1 10) configured to calculate incentives paid to respective
consumers based on the control results transmitted from the apparatus management unit (1 08).
10. A consumer apparatus operation management method for preparing an operation
plan of consumer control apparatus in a power distribution system, the method comprising the
steps of:
acquiring system information including a system topology and impedances (705)
in the power distribution system;
predicting load amounts and power generation amounts for respective prescribed
nodes (704);
generating a voltage distribution profile (801) indicative of a correlation between
a power transmission distance and a voltage transition based on the system information, the load
amounts, and the power generation amounts;
figuring out an evaluation value based on a variation width of the voltage
distribution profile (801) and a specified voltage width (901); and
preparing the operation plan based on the evaluation value.