See AttachmentF O R M 2

THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
The Patents Rules, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10; rule 13)

1. Title of the invention: CONTACT LOCKING MECHANISM WITH AN INBUILT FEATURE TO FLIP-FLOP

2. Applicant(s):

(a) NAME : LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
(b) NATIONALITY : An Indian Company
(c) ADDRESS : L & T House, Ballard Estate, Mumbai 400 001, State of
Maharashtra, India

3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION

The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed:

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to circuit breakers and more particularly, to a contact locking mechanism with an inbuilt feature to flip-flop for circuit breakers.

BACKGROUND AND THE PRIOR ART

A circuit breaker is a mechanical switching device, capable of carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also carrying for a specified time and breaking currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions such as those of short circuit (Short circuit is an accidental or intentional connection, by a relatively low resistance or impedance, of two or more points in a circuit which are normally at different voltages)
The main function of any electrical switching apparatus is to carry the rated current. Therefore the current carrying capacity of any circuit breaker is so important that if the unit fails to carry the rated current it will cause damage to itself as well as to the electrical equipment to which it is protecting.
Circuit breakers have three positions corresponding to the status of the separable contacts. For example, these positions would include an ON position, in which the separable contacts are closed, an OFF position in which the contacts are open and Trip position in which the contacts are tripped open.
These circuit breakers / switching devices are usually installed in an enclosure so as to have all the control and distribution network laid in form of metallic sheets and or cable wires inside and all operating means from outside so as to prevent access to high voltage and thus a potential hazard.
When a circuit breaker is in ON condition and a short circuit fault condition arises, high amount of fault current flows through the circuit and in response to this the circuit breaker tries to move the separable contacts to open position after sensing the fault condition through short circuit sensing mechanism (such as magnetic arrangement). The time taken from a fault condition initiation and the fault current being interrupted by circuit breaker determines the let through energy / arc energy passed by the circuit breaker to the downstream equipments. A circuit breaker is said to be more efficient when the let through energy is minimal.
Let through energy of circuit breaker depends on many parameters, one among them being the time for opening of the contacts from closed condition. The short circuit sensing mechanism of circuit breaker involves mechanical elements in between and thus takes a definite time before giving a trip open signal to the contacts thus increasing the let through energy.
Short circuit conditions involves high amount of fault current levels which induces high repulsive forces between suitably arranged current carrying contacts. Thus if the contacts can be locked in the repelled open position, the let through energy can be reduced substantially. This improves life of the equipments and systems connected downstream and greatly reduce the hazardous conditions which can damage the downstream equipments.
Thus many of the circuit breakers use such locking systems for contact locking under short circuit conditions. Further, efficiency of a contact locking system is measured by the velocity it can induce to the contacts once they have repelled open. It is also important to have the desired contact force in the ON condition, i.e. when the separable contacts are in closed condition.
Here are some Patents on mechanism which also talks about Contact Locking. All the locking mechanisms shown here are of only single point moving type.

US 5633483 provide a circuit breaker having a stationary contact, a movable contact and a blade which has a first end and a second end. The movable contact is secured to the first end of the blade. The blade is rotatable about a pin between a BLOWN OPEN position and a CLOSED position, wherein the movable contact is separated from the stationary contact when the blade is in the BLOWN OPEN position and the movable contact engages the stationary contact when the blade is in the CLOSED position. The blade further has a protrusion portion extending from its second end. The circuit breaker further includes a catcher rotatably coupled to a pivot pin and having a nose portion for engagement with the blade protrusion portion. A spring is mounted about the pivot pin and engages the catcher for biasing the catcher towards the blade whereby the nose portion rests against the protrusion portion of the blade when the blade is in the CLOSED position and the nose portion overlaps the protrusion portion when the blade is in the BLOWN OPEN position thereby holding the blade in the BLOWN OPEN position.

US 5874699 provide a molded case circuit breaker having a moving conductor assembly which includes a modular carrier assembly incorporating a plurality of spring biased contact cam members each of which engages contact pressure lobes on a pair of contact arm laminations to provide contact pressure. In response to the magnetic repulsion forces generated by a short circuit, the springs compress allowing the cam members to pivot and side step the contact pressure lobes so that the contact arm blows-open with little resistance. The cam members and springs are preassembled in a transverse channel in the carrier body and laterally retained in place by side plates for easier pivotal attachment of the contact arm laminations to the lobes on the side plates. The side plate lobes raise the contact arm relative to the mass of the carrier to reduce eddy current heating and provide a positive off indication for welded contacts by restricting movement of lower toggle links of the operating mechanism which are coplanar with the side plates. A modular crossbar includes molded bearings engaged by or made integral with hexagonal metal shaft sections which extend into hex openings in the carrier bodies of adjacent poles.

US 7217895 provide a contact assembly for a circuit breaker that includes a fixed contact, a movable contact, and a movable contact arm. The movable contact arm includes a first end carrying the movable contact, a second end, and a pivot portion proximate the second end. A moving arm portion extends from the first end toward the pivot portion. The moving arm portion has a width, an upper edge, a lower edge, and a height defined by the distance between the upper edge and the lower edge. In response to a trip condition, the movable contact separates from the fixed contact and the movable contact arm pivots open at an angular opening velocity. The height of the moving arm portion of the movable contact arm is at least four times the width of the moving arm portion, thus minimizing the moment-of-inertia of the movable contact arm, and increasing the angular opening velocity.

US 5844455 provides a current-limiting apparatus for a circuit breaker which makes it possible to effectively protect an electric load element by quickly blocking an electric flow path when an excessive current flows due to a ground, shortage, etc. at an electric flow path and preventing a re-formation of an electric flow path after the electric flow path is blocked. The apparatus includes a guide pin passing through the second pin hole and being extended from both side surfaces of the movable contact member, a holder, a portion of which support both ends of the movable contact member rotation center pin, for rotatably supporting the movable contact member, a current-limiting latch having a curved guide surface formed on one outer circumferential surface of the same on which the guide pin slidably moves, a support groove formed on another outer circumferential surface of the same, and a pin hole for supporting the holder, a rotation center pin inserted into the pin hole of the current-limiting latch, both ends of which rotation center pin are inserted into portions of the holder, and a contact spring, both ends of which are supported by the support groove of the current-limiting latch and the support surface of the holder, for generating a variable force which prevents the movable contact member from being rotated.

US 4539538 provides a molded case circuit breaker that includes a movable upper electrical contact having a base portion with a slot formed therein for releasably receiving a portion of an elongated spring biased locking pin disposed in a rotatable cross bar of an operating mechanism of the circuit breaker. The locking pin is biased in the slot by a pair of tension springs secured to the cross bar, enabling the upper electrical contact to move in unison with the cross bar. Upon the occurrence of a high level short circuit or fault current of sufficient magnitude, the pin is displaced from the slot enabling the independent rotational movement of the upper contact arm. During such movement, an elongated leaf spring is downwardly deflected and then released by the base portion. Subsequently, the upper electrical contact is prevented from contacting the lower electrical contact by the engagement of the leaf spring with the base portion. A subsequent trip operation of the operating mechanism removes the latching feature of the leaf spring.

In traditional circuit breakers additional moving components having complex cam profile is used to achieve contact locking. This reduces the efficiency of the locking mechanism as there is some amount of energy lost in overcoming friction. Friction also gets added to the amount of heat generated at the surfaces in contact. It also increases wear and tear of the parts, thereby reducing the overall life of the system. Also, there will be variation in the contact force over a period of time due to such wear and tear.
It is also desirable to make the contacts move faster once it crosses the toggling position resulting in faster cut-off of fault current increasing the current limiting capability of the circuit breaker. It is also very important to achieve optimum contact force in the ON condition to keep the potential drop at the contact buttons to the minimum. However, in present cases shown above the contacts do not move after toggling due friction between sliding component and drive shaft
These and other limitations and needs of the conventional mechanisms necessitate an improved contact locking mechanism. The present invention therefore discloses a locking mechanism which overcomes the limitations over and above the improvements and additionally provides a lot of flexibility.
The present invention provides a contact locking mechanism that includes optimum components with an inbuilt feature to flip–flop. This invention enhances the velocity of contact system after toggling during fault clearance by circuit breaker while reducing let through energy. Hence the life of circuit breaker against short circuit fault clearance is improved.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

A basic object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages/drawbacks of the known art.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a contact locking mechanism with an inbuilt feature to flip-flop for circuit breakers.

Another object of the present invention is to Control the toggling point by changing the angle between said contacts.

Yet another object of the present invention is faster cut-off of fault current to increase the current limiting capability of the circuit breaker.

These and other advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent from the following detailed description read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The following presents a simplified summary of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. This summary is not an extensive overview of the present invention. It is not intended to identify the key/critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concept of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description of the invention presented later.

There is provided a contact locking mechanism with an inbuilt feature to flip-flop for circuit breakers.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a contact locking mechanism with an inbuilt feature to flip-flop for circuit breakers, said contact locking mechanism comprising a rotating member; duality of contacts fitted vertically to form an upper and a lower contact; a drive shaft to which said upper contact is pivoted at a pin, said drive shaft configured to bring said upper contact in contact with said lower contact; a compression spring placed over a link lever between duality of spacers to exert pressure on said upper contact, top end of said link lever pivoted on upper contact with a rivet and bottom end of said link lever passed through a slot provided on said drive shaft; said moving contact and said link lever connected at hinge and spring.
Other embodiment of the present invention provides Contact locking mechanism to Control the toggling point by changing the angle between said contacts.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS

In the appended drawings:
Figure 1 illustrates the orthographic views (Front and Top view)

Figure 2 illustrates the front view with hidden lines
Figure 3 illustrates the front view in wireframe with different components
Figure 4 illustrates the front view explaining the position of upper contacts during ON &
REPELLED condition
Figure 5 illustrates the Exploded Isometric view
Figure 6 illustrates the Isometric view
Figure 7 illustrates the 3D Isometric view

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS

The following drawings are illustrative of particular examples for enabling methods of the present invention, are descriptive of some of the methods, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The drawings are not to scale (unless so stated) and are intended for use in conjunction with the explanations in the following detailed description.

Reference is first invited to Fig 1 where the front and top view of contact locking mechanism is shown.

Fig. 2 and 3 shows different views of the contact locking mechanism.

Fig. 4 shows the front view explaining the position of upper contacts during ON & REPELLED condition along with the provision of the over travel provided in the circuit breaker.

Fig. 5 shows different components like rotating member, pin, drive shaft etc.

Fig. 6 and 7 shows the isometric view of the locking mechanism.

The invented system is thus a contact locking mechanism with an inbuilt feature to flip-flop for circuit breakers.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly the present invention provides a contact locking mechanism with minimal components with an inbuilt feature to flip–flop without having any component with complex cam profile for flip-flop. This feature enhances the velocity of contact system after toggling during fault clearance by circuit breaker as the friction required for additional component is reduced.

Locking system disclosed herein is shown in Figure 1. Please refer exploded view of locking system in Figure 5. It consists of a rotating member of the circuit breaker mechanism, driveshaft 2 to which the upper contact 1 is pivoted at pin 3. Rotation of this driveshaft will cause upper moving contacts to come in contact with the lower contacts and thereby complete the electrical circuit. Compression spring 7 is placed over a link 6 between two spacers 5.Top end of the link is pivoted on upper contact with rivet 4 and the bottom end is passed through the slot given on drive shaft. The spacers are placed in such a way that top spacer touches the upper contact and the lower one touches the driveshaft. Compression spring 7 is placed in between these two spacers to exert pressure on upper contact to get contact pressure.

One end of the link lever is hinged with upper contact and the other end is free to slide in and out of the slot provided in drive shaft. The two spacers aid compression spring to exert the pressure on upper contact in required manner.

The motion of moving contact and link lever are inter-related due to connection between the two at hinge and spring. Movement of either of them will result in the change in direction of the force on the other component and thus result in moving the other component.

Figure 6 & 7 shows the 3D view of the arrangement from the front end of the driveshaft for a single pole of the circuit breaker. For multiple poles, multiple such assemblies will be used side by side using a common connecting driveshaft across all the poles. Figure 2 is the front view of the arrangement with hidden lines and Figure 5 shows an exploded view of the internal arrangement with springs.

The working of the invention is shown in Figure 4 with different positions. This is the position in which the moving contact cannot go further down or up since it stops on the driveshaft.

When the contact locking mechanism is assembled in the circuit breaker along with the mechanism and operated, in ON condition, the moving contact will be slightly upward when compared to the normal position. This is due to the intended over travel provided in the circuit breaker mechanism to achieve a certain minimum contact force. The position of moving contact with over-travel is shown in Figure 4.

When the fault occurs, there is an upward force on the moving contact 1 thereby it will rotate about the pivot 3. This movement of the contact will cause the sliding movement of link into the slot of driveshaft while pressing the compression spring which is placed in between two spacers. As soon as the toggling point is crossed, the compression spring will exert force in another direction on upper contact, thus the spring which is compressed to its maximum deflection reaches an equilibrium state by releasing the length and releasing energy in the process to move the moving contact and it will rotate the moving contact in upward direction till it stops over mechanism. If the repulsion force on the upper contact is less than that offered by compression spring on upper contact, then the contact will not get locked and the moving contact will again come to it ON position.

Once the moving contact gets locked, it is brought back to the normal condition when the circuit breaker protection system subsequently trips the mechanism due to fault. When the signal is given, the driveshaft rotates in the upward direction. The moving contact then comes in contact with the cover / top portion of the circuit breaker and experiences a reaction force in the downward direction in a way as to make the moving contact cross the toggling position. Once the moving contact crosses the toggling position, it goes to the normal position by virtue of the force exerted by the spring. Therefore, process of unlocking of moving contact is just the opposite of the locking process.

Since moving contact moves after toggling without repulsive force, there is faster energy release by the spring after toggling, resulting in higher velocity of moving contact. This results in faster cut-off of fault current increasing the current limiting capability of the circuit breaker.

Toggling position is that instant at which the hinge pivot 3, rivet pivot 4 & link 6 come in the same line. The orientation of the line is fixed on various parameters by design. The effectiveness of the toggling position is decided by the closeness of the toggling position to the ON position. Since, in such case the amount of rotation required by the moving contact to reach the toggling position and get locked will be lesser. This will reduce the let through energy of the mechanism to the downstream equipments.

However it will reduce the contact force between the moving and fixed contacts in the breaker due to lesser angle between compression spring and moving contact. In order to achieve the same contact force with toggling position closer to the ON position, higher load spring can be used. This however will increase the stress levels in the spring and thus reduce the overall factor of safety in the spring and thus the whole mechanism. Also, since the higher load value spring is greater in size, the cost will be higher and the size of the locking mechanism will increase which is undesirable. In present invention, the toggling point can be controlled by changing the angle of the contacts and spring force thereby striking the balance between toggling point and spring volume.

Although the embodiments herein are described with various specific embodiments, it will be obvious for a person skilled in the art to practice the embodiments herein with modifications. However, all such modifications are deemed to be within the scope of the claims.
It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all of the generic and specific features of the embodiments described herein and all the statements of the scope of the embodiments which as a matter of language might be said to fall there between.

We claim:

1. A contact locking mechanism with an inbuilt feature to flip-flop for circuit breakers, said contact locking mechanism comprising:
a rotating member;
duality of contacts fitted vertically to form an upper and a lower contact;
a drive shaft to which said upper contact is pivotally engaged, said drive shaft configured to bring said upper contact in contact with said lower contact;
a spring means placed over a link lever between duality of spacers to exert pressure on said upper contact, top end of said link lever pivotally engaged to said upper contact and bottom end of said link lever being passed through a slot provided on said drive shaft;
said moving contact and said link lever connected at hinge and spring.

2. Contact locking mechanism as claimed in claim 1 wherein said duality of spacers are arranged vertically to form an upper and a lower spacer.

3. Contact locking arrangement as claimed in claims 1 and 2 wherein said plurality of spacers are configured such that said upper spacer touches said upper contact and said lower spacer touches said drive shaft.

4. Contact locking mechanism as claimed in claim 1 wherein said locking mechanism is used for a single pole.

5. Contact locking mechanism as claimed in claim 1 wherein for multiple pole, multiple assemblies of said locking mechanism are connected side by side using a common connecting driveshaft across all said poles.

6. Contact locking mechanism as claimed in claim 1 wherein said contacts are configured to
Control the toggling point by changing the angle between said contacts.

7. Contact locking mechanism as claimed in claim 1 wherein said spring means is a compression spring.

8. A contact locking mechanism as herein described and illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings.