DESC:Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to agricultural biotechnology. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to crop nutrient nano-composition and method for preparing crop nutrient nano-composition.
Background
The present global population is around 7.7 billion, which is projected to be nearly 9.8 billion by 2050. Therefore, feeding humanity will require at least a 50% increase in the production of food and other agricultural products from 2022 levels by mid-century. Modern agriculture can meet the predicted demand, but there is little consensus on how this can be achieved sustainably.
Sustainability implies both high yields and agricultural practices that have acceptable environmental impacts in terms of land conversion, water use, and contamination of ecosystems by agrochemicals.
At present, farmers are more interested in buying chemical fertilizers due to their high efficacy and cost-effectiveness than other fertilizers. Highlights of the above lead to overused and high doses of chemical fertilizer, causing damage to soil, reduction of food yield, and creating pollution of the environment. Moreover, eighty percent of plants demand N-fertilizer, which is fulfilled by urea, and it can be easily soluble in water and prone to lose.
Generally, the following processes including liquidation, denitrification, volatilization, and runoff cause leaching were observed when applied N fertilizers to the paddy field. From the above, leaching of around 30-50% of total nitrogen loss primarily as nitrates and denitrification, 10-30% of loss as N2, and 2-30% of loss as ammonia. This escaped nitrogen pollutes air and water systems, causing eutrophication. The eutrophication of water leads to hypoxia, and it can affect several ecological concerns, including mortality of marine animals, algal blooms, and poses a threat to drinking water supplies.
For healthy development and operation, plants need a few specific essential nutrients. Overall crop development and health may suffer from the level of nutrients either above or below in way affected through toxicity or deficiency. When essential nutrients are not present or not enough to meet the requirements for plant growth. And the excess amount of nutrients makes the plant toxins, which can affect its growth and quality.
Furthermore, excess fertilizer affects the soil by creating a too high concentration of salt, and this can harm beneficial soil microorganisms. Overfertilization can lead to sudden plant growth with an insufficient root system to supply adequate water and nutrients to the plant.
The evolution of nanotechnology creates novel nanodevices and nanomaterials, which open up a new trend in agriculture and biotechnology. Nanotechnology has incorporated various technologies that led to substantial progress in several scientific fields and the innovation of many novel products.
The recent innovations revealed several ways in agrochemical development through nanotechnology, mainly based on the efficient use of chemical mineral nutrients and pesticides. In nano agrochemicals, mainly, crop nutrients or insecticides, or herbicides are usually processed and applied as nanoparticles (NPs) in the following ways are ‘Encapsulated inside porous nanomaterials,’ ‘Adsorbed or Absorbed on nanomaterials,’ ‘Complexed on nanomaterials by ligands,’ ‘coated with a thin polymer film on nanomaterials,’ delivered as nanoparticles or emulsion of nanoscale dimensions.
Due to the unique properties such as small particle size, high surface area, and at least one dimensional, the application of nanomaterial expanded in several fields. In the future, there will be a vast scope in nanotechnology for agriculture development and productivity. Developing new types of fertilizer through nanotechnology is a practical choice for considerably enhancing future global agricultural production.
Polymeric capped or bonded nanoparticle is one of the new trends in nanotechnology to make novel, effective, stable nanoparticle and nanomaterials in various field applications. Generally, biopolymers have numerous unique properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, tunable physical properties, and antibacterial properties.
A careful evaluation is essential to determine nano agrochemical's associated benefits and risks over conventional analogues. In view of the above, various recent pieces of literature established nano agrochemicals are working better than traditional agrochemicals in terms of dosage, ecologically, efficiency, and economics. Furthermore, nanomaterials have massive potential in agrochemicals due to their exceptional properties, including small particle size, high surface area, good solubility/suspension ability, and chemical composition. The use of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in agrochemicals significantly improves upon the shortcomings of traditional agrochemicals, such as limited bioavailability, facile photolysis, and organic solvent pollution, among other things.
Current research in nanotechnology applications in agriculture, particularly in crop growth and production, has received enormous attention, intending to achieve more efficient resource utilization through the development of agrochemical delivery systems and sensors (for identifying the status of water and nutrients). Lately, most of the prototypes researched nano fertilizer and nano pesticides planned to reformulate registered active ingredients (AIS) with improved performance and stability compared to existing AIS and address the significant disadvantages of the current agrochemical products. The AI delivery system to the targeted pest and/or increased fertilization efficacy are two ways that can help farmers to maintain or even boost yields while reducing the rate of application and minimizing negative consequences on ecosystems and living organisms.
Though nano nutrients/fertilizers can increase nutrient utilization efficiency, improve crop growth, yield, quality, reduce soil, water contaminations and greenhouse effects. However, have sounded a loud note of caution on the safe use. Concerns are: Potential toxicity associated with nanoscale materials to soil microorganisms, degradation into toxic compounds in soils, intake of nano toxins into plants, and cumulation of toxic or unusable NMs and NPs in plants.
Effects of long-term exposure of nutrient nanoparticles and nanomaterials to manufacturing and farming workers, long-term synchronization of nutrients available to plants, and long-term environmental consequences are largely unknown. Some of the above adverse effects may require extensive experiments and years of long periods to confirm and resolve.
Therefore, there is a need to overcome the limitations associated with the traditional crop nutrients preparation, toxicity associated with nanoscale materials to soil microorganisms, and cumulation of toxic or unusable nanomaterials (NMs) and nanoparticles (NPs) in plants.
Summary
In first aspect of the present disclosure, a nano-composition based crop nutrient is provided. The nano-composition based crop nutrient is polymeric nanoparticles linked nanofibers that includes combination of biopolymers, synthetic polymers in ratio of 0.05:1.0 to 4.5:5.0 and polymeric nanoparticles in a concentration of 0.01 - 50.00%. The size of the polymeric nanoparticles linked nanofibers ranges from 0.1 to 100 nm.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, the size of the polymeric nanoparticles linked nanofibers ranges from 10 to 5000 nm.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, the polymeric nanoparticles are selected from a group that includes nitrogen in a concentration of 0.01 - 50.00%, phosphorus (as P2O5) in a concentration of 0.01 - 50.00%, and potassium (as K2O) in a concentration of 0.01 - 50.00%.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, the polymeric nanoparticles are selected from group that includes nitrogen in a concentration of 0.01 - 50.00%, phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) in a concentration of 0.01 - 50.00%, potassium oxide (K2O) in a concentration of 0.01 - 50.00% and combinations thereof.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, the polymeric nanoparticles are selected from group that includes Phosphorus Pentoxide (P2O5) in a concentration of 0.01 - 50.00%, Potassium oxide (K2O) in a concentration of 0.01 - 50.00%and combinations thereof.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, the polymeric nanoparticles are selected from group that includes nitrogen (N) in a concentration of 0.01 - 50.00%, potassium oxide (K2O) in a concentration of 0.01 - 50.00% and combinations thereof.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, the polymeric nanoparticles are selected from group that includes nitrogen (N) in a concentration of 0.01 - 50.00% and phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) in a concentration of 0.01 - 50.00% and combinations thereof.
In second aspects of the present disclosure, a method of preparing nano-composition based crop nutrient is disclosed. The method includes eliminating surface functional groups from biopolymers by reacting the biopolymers with alkaline solution at 50 to 120 degrees Celsius for 2-10 hours under constant stirring. The method further includes decomposing the surface functional groups removed biopolymers to get small fiber layers of biopolymers with less molecular weight by drying the surface functional groups removed biopolymers and reacting with acid at 0.1 to 5% solution under constant stirring at 50 to 90 degrees Celsius for 2-16 hours. The method further includes polymerizing the small fiber layer of biopolymers with synthetic polymers to obtain bio-synthetic combined polymeric nanofibers. The method further includes adding polymeric nanoparticles to the bio-synthetic combined polymeric nanofibers at the 50 to 90 degree Celsius and constant stirring conditions to produce polymeric nanoparticles linked nanofibers by way of nucleation. The method further includes formulating the nanoparticles linked nanofibers-based crop nutrients by the way of adding surfactants, dispersing agents, defoamer, and stabilizers.
In some aspects of the preset disclosure, the method further includes adding nanofillers based on formulation type at the final formulation for customization.
Brief description of drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, show certain aspects of the subject matter disclosed herein and, together with the description, help explain some of the principles associated with the disclosed implementations. In the drawing,
Figure 1 illustrates a flowchart that depicts a method of preparing a crop nutrient nano-composition, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure;
Figure 2 is a picture representing transmission electron microscopic image of polymeric nano Nitrogen 5% colloidal solution, in accordance with the aspect of the present disclosure;
Figure 3 is a picture representing transmission electron microscopic image of polymeric nano Nitrogen 4% GR, in accordance with the aspect of the present disclosure;
Figure 4 is a picture representing transmission electron microscopic image of polymeric nano nitrogen with nano phosphorous (N&P2O5 at 4&8%) colloidal liquid, in accordance with the aspect of the present disclosure;
Figure 5 is a picture representing transmission electron microscopic image of polymeric nano nitrogen with nano phosphorous (N&K2O at 5&6%) colloidal liquid, in accordance with the aspect of the present disclosure;
Figure 6 is a picture representing transmission electron microscopic image of polymeric nano nitrogen with nano phosphorous (P2O5&K2O at 4&5%) colloidal liquid, in accordance with the aspect of the present disclosure;
Figure 7 is a picture representing transmission electron microscopic image of polymeric nano NPK macronutrient combination in the range of N at 4%, P2O5 at 4%, K2O at 4% colloidal solution, in accordance with the aspect of the present disclosure;
Figure 8 is a picture representing transmission electron microscopic image of polymeric nano NPK macronutrient combination in the range of N at 4.0%, P2O5 at 2.5%, K2O at 3.0% powder, in accordance with the aspect of the present disclosure;
Figure 9 is a picture representing transmission electron microscopic image of polymeric nano NPK macronutrient combination in the range of N at 4.0%, P2O5 at 2.0% and K2O at 2.0% granules, in accordance with the aspect of the present disclosure; and
Figure 10 is a picture representing transmission electron microscopic image of polymeric nano PK macronutrient combination of P2O5 at 5.0%, K2O at 6.0% granules, in accordance with the aspect of the present disclosure.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
Various embodiments of the disclosure are discussed in detail below. While specific implementations are discussed, it should be understood that this is done for illustration purposes only. A person skilled in the relevant art will recognize that other components and configurations may be used without parting from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Thus, the following description and drawings are illustrative and are not to be construed as limiting. Numerous specific details are described to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosure. However, in certain instances, known details are not described in order to avoid obscuring the description.
References to one or an embodiment in the present disclosure can be references to the same embodiment or any embodiment; and, such references mean at least one of the embodiments.
Reference to "one embodiment", "an embodiment", “one aspect”, “some aspects”, “an aspect” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the disclosure. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Moreover, various features are described which may be exhibited by some embodiments and not by others.
The terms used in this specification generally have their ordinary meanings in the art, within the context of the disclosure, and in the specific context where each term is used. Alternative language and synonyms may be used for any one or more of the terms discussed herein, and no special significance should be placed upon whether or not a term is elaborated or discussed herein. In some cases, synonyms for certain terms are provided.
A recital of one or more synonyms does not exclude the use of other synonyms.
The use of examples anywhere in this specification including examples of any terms discussed herein is illustrative only, and is not intended to further limit the scope and meaning of the disclosure or of any example term. Likewise, the disclosure is not limited to various embodiments given in this specification. Without intent to limit the scope of the disclosure, examples of instruments, apparatus, methods and their related results according to the embodiments of the present disclosure are given below. Note that titles or subtitles may be used in the examples for convenience of a reader, which in no way should limit the scope of the disclosure. Unless otherwise defined, technical and scientific terms used herein have the meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. In the case of conflict, the present document, including definitions will control.
Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or can be learned by practice of the herein disclosed principles. The features and advantages of the disclosure can be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. These and other features of the disclosure will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, or can be learned by the practice of the principles set forth herein.
As mentioned above, there is a need to overcome the limitations associated with the traditional crop nutrients preparation, toxicity associated with nanoscale materials to soil microorganisms, and cumulation of toxic or unusable nanomaterials (NMs) and nanoparticles (NPs) in plants. Therefore, the present disclosure a provides crop nutrient nano-composition and method for preparing crop nutrient nano-composition.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, the nano-composition based crop nutrient may be polymeric nanoparticles linked nanofibers. The polymeric nanoparticles linked nanofibers may include combination of biopolymers, synthetic polymer in ratio of 0.05:1.0 to 4.5:5.0 and polymeric nanoparticles in a concentration of 0.01 - 50.00%. Size of the polymeric nanoparticles linked nanofibers ranges from 0.1 to 100 nm.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, the size of the polymeric nanoparticles linked nanofibers may be range from 10 to 5000 nm.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, the biopolymer may be selected from group that includes a cellulose, saccharides, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and the like. Aspects of the present disclosure are intended to include and/or otherwise cover any type of the biopolymer including known, related art, and/or later developed biopolymer. The biopolymers may be derived from the natural polymers such as guar gum, cellulose, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and starch.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, the synthetic polymer may be selected from a group that includes vinylic, propylinic, acrylic, styrenelic, epoxy polymers, polyether, polyester and the like. Aspects of the present disclosure are intended to include and/or otherwise cover any type of the synthetic polymer including known, related art, and/or later developed monomers.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, polymeric nanoparticles may be nitrogen (as N) in concentration of 0.01 - 50.00%.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, the polymeric nanoparticles may be phosphorus (as P2O5) in concentration of 0.01 - 50.00%.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, the polymeric nanoparticles may be potassium (as K2O) in concentration of 0.01 - 50.00%.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, the polymeric nanoparticles may be selected from group that includes nitrogen (N) in concentration of 0.01 - 50.00%, phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) in concentration of 0.01 - 50.00%, potassium oxide (K2O) in concentration of 0.01 - 50.00% and combinations thereof.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, the polymeric nanoparticles may be selected from group that includes phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) in concentration of 0.01 - 50.00%, potassium oxide (K2O) in concentration of 0.01 - 50.00% and combinations thereof.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, the polymeric nanoparticles may be selected from group that includes nitrogen (N) in concentration of 0.01 - 50.00% and phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) in concentration of 0.01 - 50.00% and combinations thereof.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, the polymeric nanoparticles may be selected from group that includes nitrogen in concentration of 0.01 - 50.00% and potassium oxide (K2O) in concentration of 0.01 - 50.00% and combinations thereof.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, source of nitrogen may be selected from group that includes ammonium salts, amines, amino alcohols, cyanamides, cyanides, nitrates, imines, ammonia, hydrazine, nitrites, thiocyanates, amides, urea, thiourea, cyanamides, dicyanamide diamide and analogues, triazole, triamine triazole and analogues and tetrazine based compounds.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, source of phosphorus may be selected from group that includes inorganic salts of phosphates and phosphonates that are selected from ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, zinc phosphate, calcium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, iron phosphates, manganese phosphates, cobalt phosphates, nickel phosphates, rock phosphates, superphosphates, phosphoric acid, phosphorus oxides, phosphonic acids, 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTC), 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1- diphosphonic acid (HEDP), AMP (amino-tris-(methylenephosphonic acid)), HEAMBP (2-hydroxyethyl-amino-bis(methylenephosphonic acid)), EDTMP (ethylenediamine-tetrakis(methylene-phosphonic acid)), hydroxy-phosphono acetic acid (HPAA), DETPMP (hexamethylene-diamine-tetrakis(methylene-phosphonic acid)), phosphonates of sodium salts, phosphonates of ammonium salts, phosphonates of potassium salts and the like.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, source of potassium may be selected from group that includes inorganic salts of potassium, such as potassium chloride, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium ferrate, potassium oxalates, potassium citrate, potassium propionate, potassium formate, potassium phosphate, potassium borate, potassium phosphite, potassium humate, potassium sulfate, potassium oxide, potassium acetate, potassium sulfide, potassium sulfite, potassium magnesium sulphate, potassium citrate, potassium fulvate, potassium fumarate, potassium gluconate, potassium nitrate and the like.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, formulation of the nano-composition based crop nutrient may be in form of liquid, powder, granules and gel for foliar, and basal.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, crop may be selected from group that includes Paddy, Wheat, Cotton, Maize, Pulses, Millets, Spices, Tobacco, Cotton, Oilseeds, Rubber, Coffee, Coconut, Tea, Bhindi, Brinjal, Cucumber, Tomato, Potato, Onion, Cauliflower, Cabbage, Bean, Egg Plants, Garkin, Frozen Peas, Garlic, Apple, Guava, Mangos, Papaya, Water Melons, Lichi, Grapes, Banana, Apricots, Orange, Avocados, Sapota and the like.
Figure 1 illustrates a flowchart that depicts a method of preparing a crop nutrient nano-composition, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure. Preparing a nano-composition based crop nutrient may include elimination processes, decomposition processes, polymerization processes, nucleation processes, and formulation processes. Reaction temperature for the nano-composition based crop nutrient may be maintained in the range of 30 to 150oC for elimination, decomposition, polymerization, and nucleation process. Duration of reaction processes may be in the range of 2 to 14 hours, and pH of the reaction condition and final product of nano-composition based crop nutrient may be in the range of 4 pH to 8 pH. The method 100 of preparing a nano-composition based crop nutrient may include following steps:
At step 102, surface functional groups from biopolymers may be eliminated by reacting the biopolymers with alkaline solution at 50 to 120 degrees Celsius for 2-10 hours under constant stirring;
At step 104, the surface functional groups removed biopolymers may be decomposed to get small fiber layers of biopolymers with less molecular weight by drying the surface functional groups removed biopolymers and reacting with acid at 0.1 to 5% under constant stirring at 50 to 90 degrees Celsius for 2-16 hours;
At step 106, the small fiber layers of biopolymers may be polymerized with synthetic polymers to obtain bio-synthetic combined polymeric nanofibers;
At step 108, polymeric nanoparticles may be added to the bio-synthetic combined polymeric nanofibers at 50 to 90 degree Celsius and constant stirring conditions to produce polymeric nanoparticles linked nanofibers by way of nucleation;
At step 110, surfactants, dispersing agents, defoamer, and stabilizers may be added to formulate the nanoparticles linked nanofiber; and
At step 112, nanofillers may be added based on formulation type at the final formulation for customization.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, and initiators for the polymerization may be selected from group that includes potassium persulphate, sodium bisulfite, sodium bromide, ammonium persulphate, N,N,N,N-tetramethyl ethylenediamine, sodium thiosulphate and the like.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, type of formulation, a surfactant, and dispersing agents for polymeric nanoparticles crop nutrients preparation may be depending on composition and concentration of the polymeric nanoparticles linked nanofibers.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, inclusion of the surfactant, dispersing agents, a defoamer, a nanocarrier, a stabilizer, and a filler may be different at different stages of synthesis and formulation, such as while the nucleation process or after completion of the synthesis like before packing.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, the surfactant and wetting agents may be selected from group that includes sulphonates, sorbates, stearate, lignosulphonates, silicones, sulfosuccinates, naphthalene sulfonates, sulfated esters, phosphate esters, sulfated alcohol, alkyl benzene sulfonates, polycarboxylates, naphthalene sulfonate condensates, phenol sulfonic acid condensates, methyl oleyl laureates and polyvinyl alcohols and the like.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, depending on the type of formulation and concentration of polymeric nanoparticles linked nanofibers, the surfactant and wetting agents may be in the range of 0.1 to 20.0%.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, the nanofillers may be selected from group that includes a nano form of zeolite, graphene oxide, montmorillonite, carbon nanotubes, boron oxide, zinc oxide, boron nitride, fullerenes, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, metal/non-metallic nanoparticles, organic molecule coupled metal/non-metallic nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles and the like. Embodiments of the present disclosure are intended to include and/or otherwise cover any type of the nanofillers including known, related art, and/or later developed nanofillers.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, the nanofillers may be used to prepare one or more concentrations of nano nitrogen (N) or nano phosphors (P) or nano potassium (K) or nano NP or nano NK or nano PK or nano NPK type liquid, granules and powders formulations.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, nano stabilizers may be selected from a group comprising a linear Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), linear polyvynil alcohol (PVA), co-polymeric (PVA-PEG, graft co-polymers), ionic (NaCMC, Na-alginate, polysaccharides, PEGs) and nano-ionic (HPMC, HPC, HEC) have been used to increase the stability of nano crop nutrient formulations.
In some aspects of the present disclosure, the polymeric nanoparticles linked nanofibers physical and chemical properties such as particle’s size, surface area, functional groups, porosity, and morphology may be identified by using Fourier Transforms Infrared (FTIR), Zeta Potential, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM) and the like.
In an example scenario, preparation method of polymeric nano Nitrogen 5% colloidal solution (Code: PNN 5 L) include following steps: in step 1, 1.50 gm of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) was reacted with an alkaline solution (10%) at 90oC for 3 hours to eliminate functional acylation groups; in step 2, resulting material was dried and again reacted with vinylic acid (0.80 gm) at 80oC to break weakly interreacted bonds to get less molecular-weighted polymeric sub-molecules in the form of tiny fibers; in step 3, polymerization was achieved by adding 0.05 to 0.20 gm of 2,2'-azo-bis-isobutyrylnitrile (AIBN) to the tiny fibers; in step 4, 20 gm of ammonium sulfate was added to reaction mixture at 80oC under constant stirring in nucleation process; and, in step 5, 1.0 gm of lignosulphonate was added at the same temperature for 30 minutes. Cool down and transfer the resulting nano nitrogen colloidal solution to a storage tank for packing. Nano nitrogen nutrients with a particle size range of 40-80 nm and an average particle size of 60 nm may be prepared.
In another example scenario, preparation method of polymeric nano Nitrogen 4% GR (Code: PNN 4 GR) in the form of a colloidal solution include following steps: in step 1, 1.80 gm of tris(chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate) was reacted with an alkaline solution (10%) at 80oC for 3 hours to eliminate functional acylation groups; in step 2, resulting material was dried and again reacted with acrylic acid (0.75 gm) at 60oC to break weakly interreacted bonds to get less molecular-weighted polymeric sub-molecules in the form of small fibers; in step 3, polymerization was achieved by using BPO (0.10-0.30 gm) as an initiator and oxidizing agent (0.10-0.60 gm); in step 4, 10.00 gm of urea was added to the reaction mixture at 70oC under constant stirring in nucleation process; and in step 5, 1.50 gm of SLS was added at the same temperature for 30 minutes. Cool down and transfer the resulting nano nitrogen colloidal solution to the storage tank. Required quantity of nanofiller carrier was added to make granules. The particle size of the granules has been determined through TEM analysis.
In another example scenario, the preparation method of polymeric nano nitrogen with nano phosphorous (N&P2O5 at 4&8%) colloidal liquid (Code: PNNP 4&8 CL) include following steps: in step 1, 1.20 gm of acetylglucosamine was reacted with an alkaline solution (10%) at 80oC for 3 hours to eliminate functional acylation groups; in step 2, resulting material was dried and again reacted with acrylic acid (0.54 gm) at 60oC to break weakly interreacted bonds to get less molecular-weighted polymeric sub-molecules in the form of small fibers; in step 3, polymerization was achieved by using ammonium persulphate (0.10-0.30 gm) as an initiator and oxidizing agent (0.10-0.60 gm); in step 4, 10.00 gm of urea and subsequently phosphoric acid (13.30 gm) was added to the reaction mixture at 70oC under constant stirring in nucleation process; and in step 5, 1.5 gm of SLS was added at the same temperature for 30 minutes. pH of the solution was adjusted using buffers in the range of 4 to 6. Then cool down and transfer the resulting nano nitrogen colloidal solution to the storage tank and required quantity of nanofiller carrier was added to make final product of Nano NP colloidal solution. The particle size of the granules has been determined through TEM analysis.
In another example scenario, preparation method of polymeric nano nitrogen with nano phosphorous (N&K2O at 5&6%) colloidal liquid (Code: PNNK 5&6 CL) include following steps: in step 1, 2.00 gm of glucosamine was reacted with sodium hydroxide solution (10 % solution) at 80oC for 3 hours to eliminate functional acylation groups; in step 2, resulting material was dried and again reacted with 1.50 ml of steric acid at 60oC to break weakly interreacted bonds to get less molecular-weighted polymeric sub-molecules in the form of small fibers; in step 3, polymerization was achieved by using BPO (0.1-0.3 gm) as an initiator and oxidizing agent (0.10-0.60 gm); in step 4, 13.80 gm of thiourea and subsequently 10.00 gm of potassium chloride was added to the reaction mixture at 70oC under constant stirring in nucleation process; and in step 5, 1.50 gm of SDS was added at the same temperature for 30 minutes. pH of the solution was adjusted using buffers in the range of 4 to 6. Then cool down and transfer the resulting nano nitrogen colloidal solution to the storage tank and required quantity of nanofiller carrier was added to make final product of Nano NK colloidal solution. The particle size of the granules has been determined through TEM analysis.
In another example scenario, preparation method of polymeric nano nitrogen with nano phosphorous (P2O5&K2O at 4&5%) colloidal liquid (Code: PNPK 4&5 CL) include following steps: in step 1, 2.00 gm of glucosamine was reacted with sodium hydroxide solution (10 % solution) at 80oC for 3 hours to eliminate functional acylation groups; in step 2, resulting material was dried and again reacted with 2.50 ml of vinylic acid at 60oC to break weakly interreacted bonds to get less molecular-weighted polymeric sub-molecules in the form of small fibers; in step 3, polymerization was achieved by using potassium persulphate (0.10-0.30 gm) as an initiator and oxidizing agent (0.10-0.60 gm); in step 4, 10.00 gm of dipotassium phosphate was added to the reaction mixture at 70oC under constant stirring in nucleation process; and in step 5, 4.00 gm of tween 80 was added at the same temperature for 30 minutes. pH of the solution was adjusted using buffers in the range of 4 to 6. Then cool down and transfer the resulting nano nitrogen colloidal solution to the storage tank and required quantity of nanofiller carrier was added to make final product of Nano PK colloidal solution. The particle size of the granules has been determined through TEM analysis.
In another example scenario, preparation method of polymeric nano NPK macronutrient combination in the range of N at 4%, P2O5 at 4%, K2O at 4% colloidal solution (Code: PNNPK 444 L) include following steps: in step 1, 1.50 gm of glucosamine glycogen was reacted with an alkaline solution (10%) at 70oC for 5 hours to eliminate weakly bonded surface functional groups; in step 2, resulting material was dried and again reacted with vinylic acid (0.60 gm) at 80oC to break weakly interreacted bonds to get less molecular-weighted polymeric sub-molecules in the form of tiny fibers; in step 3 polymerization was achieved by using reducing and oxidizing agent of sodium borohydride at 0.05 gm and potassium persulfate at 0.30 gm; in step 4, 15.00 gm of ammonium sulfate, 8.00 gm of ammonium phosphate and 7.00 gm of potassium chloride was added to the reaction mixture at 80oC under constant stirring in nucleation process; in step 5, 3.00 gm of tween 20 was added at the same temperature for 30 minutes. The resulting nano nutrients colloidal solution may cool down and transfer to the storage tank for packing. Nano macronutrients with a particle size range of 20-80nm and an average particle size of 50 nm was prepared.
In another example scenario, preparation method of polymeric nano NPK macronutrient combination in the range of N at 4.0%, P2O5 at 2.5%, K2O at 3.0% powder (Code: PNNPK 4253 P) include following steps: in step 1, 3.00 gm of gelatine was reacted with an alkaline solution (10%) at 60oC for 5 hours to eliminate weakly bonded surface carboxylic functional groups; in step 2, resulting material was dried and again reacted with acrylic acid (0.80) at 70oC to break weakly interreacted bonds like amides to get less molecular-weighted polymeric sub-molecules in the form of small fibers; in step 3 polymerization was achieved by using 0.40 gm of potassium persulfate as an oxidizing agent; in step 4, 9.00 gm of urea, 5.00 gm of mono ammonium phosphate and 5.00 gm of potassium chloride was added to reaction mixture at 80oC under constant stirring in nucleation process; and in step 5, 2.00 gm of disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate was added at the same temperature for 30 minutes. Reaction mixture May cool down to get precipitated nutrient nanocomposite. The resulting nanocomposite was dispersed in alcohol for purification. The nano macronutrients with a particle size range of 20-80nm and an average particle size of 50 nm was prepared.
In another example scenario, preparation method of polymeric nano NPK macronutrient combination in the range of N at 4.0%, P2O5 at 2.0% and K2O at 2.0% granules (Code: PNNPK 422 GR) include following steps: in step 1, 2.50 gm of chitin was reacted with an alkaline solution at 90oC for 5 hours to eliminate acyl functional groups; in step 2, resulting material was dried and reacted with stearic acid (1.40 gm) at 80oC to decompose and break weakly bonded functional groups to get less molecular-weighted polymeric sub-molecules in tiny fibers; in step 3, polymerization was achieved adding 0.30 gm of 4-dimethylaminopyridine; in step 4, 7.00 gm of urea, 5.00 gm of diammonium phosphate, and 3.50 gm of potassium chloride was added to reaction mixture at 80oC under constant stirring in nucleation process; and in step 5, 2.50 gm of methyl oleyl laureate was added at the same temperature for 30 minutes. Reaction mixture may cool down and nanofiller/carrier was added to make water-soluble granules of polymeric nano macronutrient nanocomposite. The Nano macronutrients with a particle size range of 20-80nm and an average particle size of 50 nm was prepared.
In another example scenario, preparation method of polymeric nano PK macronutrient combination of P2O5 at 5.0%, K2O at 6.0% granules (Code: PNPK 56 GR) include following steps: in step 1, 2.50 gm of amino-glucosamine was reacted with an alkaline solution (10%) at 90oC for 5 hours to eliminate acyl functional groups; in step 2, resulting material was dried and reacted with stearic acid (1.2 gm) at 80oC to decompose and break weakly bonded functional groups to get less molecular-weighted polymeric sub-molecules in small fibres; in step 3, polymerization was achieved by adding 0.30 gm of 4-dimethylaminopyridine; in step 4, 7.00 gm of urea, 5.00 gm of diammonium phosphate and 3.50 gm of potassium chloride was added to reaction mixture at 80oC under constant stirring in nucleation process; and in step 5, 2.50 gm of methyl oleyl laureate was added at the same temperature for 30 minutes. Reaction mixture was cool down and nanofiller/carrier was added to make water-soluble granules of polymeric nano macronutrient nanocomposite. Nano macronutrients with a particle size range of 20-80nm and an average particle size of 50 nm was prepared.
Advantages:
•The present disclosure provides a slow-release nano-composition based crop nutrients for various food, plantation, horticulture and agriculture cash crops.
•The present disclosure provides nano-composition based crop nutrient in different forms of applications such as foliar, broadcasting, aerosol, drone application, and soil drenching to the crops.
•The present disclosure provides nano-composition based crop nutrient that enhances secondary photosynthesis, enzyme activation, vegetative growth, and increase the amino acid content in plant bio-system.
•The present disclosure provides nano-composition based crop nutrient that enhances plant growth and improves the plant immunity system against fungal diseases and reduces plant’s biotic/abiotic stresses in critical situations.
•The present disclosure provides efficient manufacturing process for nano-composition based crop nutrient.
•The present disclosure provides nano-composition based crop nutrient that directly went through pores of plant leaf and entered into a cell membrane via cell wall to reach cytoplasm and stayed in a vacuum space over there. Then, immediately involved in plant bio-mechanisms to simplify nutrient transportation.
•The present disclosure provides nano-composition based crop nutrient that have polymeric weak bonds or interaction, so these nano-composition based crop nutrient act as slow-release nutrients supply to the required targets of plant bio-system. Therefore, limiting the dosage of these polymeric nano crop nutrients is enough for proper crop growth and also reduce nutrient leaching.
•The present disclosure provides nano-composition based crop nutrient with better mobility and binding capacity than ionic or regular nanoparticles due to their penetrating properties, surface tension, slow-release and nano-fiberic nature.
•The present disclosure provides nano-composition based crop nutrient that easily absorbed by both root and shoot system of crops.
•The present disclosure provides nano-composition based crop nutrient provides improved stability, increased utilization rate, bioactivity/bioavailability, and enhanced shelf life of the crops.
•The present disclosure provides nano-composition based crop nutrient that are easily breakable and may transport into plant cell plasma membrane without or with negligible additional energy requirement and with no phytotoxicity. These nano-composition based crop nutrient passes plant’s membrane system without using complicated ATP energy systems from plant.
•The present disclosure provides nano-composition based crop nutrient that provides long roots with more branches, strong high width stem, and broad leaves with dark green color, more branches, flowers, and fruits.
•The present disclosure provides nano-composition based crop nutrient that increases survival rate of crops with a good appearance and growth in high-temperature drought conditions and high saline water compared with regular former practice and control crops.
•The present disclosure provides nano-composition based crop nutrient that applied for seed treatment, root dipping, soil application, foliar spray, drone applications, irrigation water application, drip irrigation, plant nutrition in tissue culture, or any in vitro culture media for micropropagation and plant regeneration.
•The present disclosure provides nano-composition based crop nutrient that enhance both primary and secondary photosynthesis and nutrient absorption as well as improve overall yield.
•The present disclosure provides nano-composition based crop nutrient that are eco-friendly and biological safety when applied to horticulture/agriculture crops.
The implementation set forth in the foregoing description do not represent all implementations consistent with the subject matter described herein. Instead, they are merely some examples consistent with aspects related to the described subject matter. Although a few variations have been described in detain above, other modifications or additions are possible. In particular, further features and/or variations can be provided in addition to those set forth herein. For example, the implementation described can be directed to various combinations and sub combinations of the disclosed features and/or combinations and sub combinations of the several further features disclosed above. In addition, the logic flows depicted in the accompany figures and/or described herein do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. Other implementations may be within the scope of the following claims. ,CLAIMS:I/We claim (s):
1.A crop nutrient nano-composition comprising:
a.polymeric nanoparticles linked nanofibers prepared by combination of biopolymers, synthetic polymer in the ratio of 0.05:1.00 to 4.50:5.00 and polymeric nanoparticles in a concentration of 0.1 to 50.0%; such that size of the polymeric nanoparticles linked nanofibers ranges from 0.1 to 100 nm.

2.The crop nutrient nano-composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the size of the polymeric nanoparticles linked nanofibers ranges from 10 to 5000 nm.

3.The crop nutrient nano-composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymeric nanoparticles are nitrogen (N) in a concentration of 0.1 to 50.0%.

4.The crop nutrient nano-composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymeric nanoparticles are phosphorus (as P2O5) in a concentration of 0.1 to 50.0%.

5.The crop nutrient nano-composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymeric nanoparticles are potassium (as K2O) in a concentration of 0.01 - 50.00%.

6.The crop nutrient nano-composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymeric nanoparticles are selected from group comprising nitrogen (N) in a concentration 0.01 - 50.00%, phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) in a concentration of 0.01 - 50.00%, potassium oxide (K2O) in a concentration of 0.01 - 50.00% and combinations thereof.

7.The crop nutrient nano-composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymeric nanoparticles are selected from group comprising a phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) in a concentration of 0.01 - 50.00%, Potassium oxide (K2O) in a concentration of 0.01 - 50.00% and combinations thereof.

8.The crop nutrient nano-composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymeric nanoparticles are selected from group comprising nitrogen (N) in a concentration of 0.01 - 50.00% and phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) in a concentration of 0.01 - 50.00% and combinations thereof.

9.A method (100) of preparing crop nutrient nano-composition comprising:
a.eliminating (102) surface functional groups from biopolymers by reacting the biopolymers with alkaline solution at 50 to 120 degrees Celsius for 2-10 hours with stirring;
b.decomposing (104) the surface functional groups removed biopolymers to get small fiber layers of biopolymers with less molecular weight by drying the surface functional groups removed biopolymers and reacting with acid at 0.1 to 5% under constant stirring at 50 to 90 degrees Celsius for 2-16 hours;
c.polymerizing (106) the small fiber layers of biopolymers with synthetic polymers to obtain bio-synthetic combined polymeric nanofibers;
d.adding (108) polymeric nanoparticles to the bio-synthetic combined polymeric nanofibers at the 50 to 90 degrees Celsius and stirring conditions to obtain polymeric nanoparticles linked nanofibers by way of nucleation; and
e.formulating (110) the nanoparticles linked nanofibers by adding surfactants, dispersing agents, defoamer, and stabilizers.