TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure relates to gas-liquid distribution on a catalyst bed.
Particularly, the present disclosure relates to a system for gas-liquid distribution o5 n
a catalyst bed in a cross flow reactor.
BACKGROUND
In petroleum industry, three phase reactors are employed on a large scale for
10 various processes such as hydrodesulphurization of residual oil and gas oil,
petrochemical processing, waste treatment, biochemical and electrochemical
processing. These multi-phase reactors can be broadly classified as fixed (or
packed bed) and moving bed reactors. Example of a fixed bed reactor includes a
trickle bed reactor, cross flow reactor while slurry reactor is a moving bed reactor.
15
Cross flow reactor is a fixed bed type reactor where the liquid trickles down a
packed bed of solid catalyst and the vapor/gas phase flows in an opposite direction
with respect to liquid flow. Both the phases are in a plug flow mode. The porous
catalyst particles are in the form of extrudates, granules, spheres, tablets, etc. The
20 liquid flows down the reactor from particle to particle on the surface of the catalyst,
while the gas phase travels in the remaining void space of the flow channels. In
general, the reaction occurs between the dissolved gas and liquid phase reactant at
the interior surface of the catalyst. Whereas in a cross flow reactor the vapors is
distributed through a gas pipe conduit and liquid flows downward under gravity in
25 the catalyst particles where the liquid and vapor contacts in a cross flow pattern.
Performance of a catalyst in facilitating desired reactions depends largely on the
efficiency of the distributor and contacting pattern of gas-liquid inside the reactor
on the surface of catalyst. An ideal liquid distributor tray should provide a primary
30 distribution of liquid along the length of the reactor, maximum coverage of the
catalyst bed, high turndown ratio, and resistance to fouling whereas gas distributor
3
should be able to provide uniform distribution of gas flowing transverse to liquid
flow over the catalyst surface.
SUMMARY
A cross-flow reactor is disclosed. The cross-flow reactor includes a housing and 5 a
distributor tray assembly positioned inside the housing and defining an upper
chamber in the housing, the distributor tray assembly is configured to distribute a
liquid below the distributor tray assembly. A secondary distributor unit is disposed
below the distributor tray assembly and is configured to further distribute the liquid
10 over a catalyst bed positioned below the secondary distributor unit in the housing.
A gas distributor is positioned vertically and has a length placed through the
catalyst bed. The gas distributor has a plurality openings on an outer surface of the
length to introduce a gas in the catalyst bed in a radial direction. A gap is defined
between the housing and the catalyst bed to receive the gas from the catalyst bed
15 and direct the gas towards a bottom of the housing, and a bottom plate is placed
below the catalyst bed and configured to allow flow of liquid from the catalyst bed
towards the bottom of the housing.
In an aspect, the distributor tray assembly includes a top plate and a plurality of
primary distributor units mounted on the top plate. Each of the primary distributor
20 units includes a pipe with a first end positioned above the top plate and a second
end positioned below the top plate, the first end is configured to receive a liquid
from the upper chamber. A distributor plate is positioned horizontally and attached
at the second end, the distributor plate is configured to distribute the liquid below
the top plate.
25
In an aspect, the secondary distributor unit includes at least one baffle positioned
horizontally, the at least one baffle has perforations to further distribute the liquid
received from the distributor tray assembly and at least one support plate positioned
horizontally above the at least one baffle to support the at least one baffle. The
30 support plate has perforations to allow flow of liquid laterally over the at least one
baffle.
4
In an aspect, the gas distributor has a first end fluidly connected to a gas inlet for
receiving the gas and a second end attached to and closed by the bottom plate.
In an aspect, a sump is defined at the bottom of the housing to collect mixture o5 f
the gas and the liquid.
In an aspect, the plurality of openings are distributed uniformly along the length of
the gas distributor.
10
In an aspect, the at least one baffle has an inclined surface with respect to the
horizontal to partially direct flow of liquid axially outwards for distribution of
liquid.
15 In an aspect, a sump is provided at the bottom with an outlet at the bottom for
collecting mixture of gas and liquid.
In an aspect, the support plate is provided with a plurality of triangular openings
for receiving the at least one baffle.
20
In an aspect, the pipe includes at least one overflow slot positioned on the first end
for allowing flow of liquid above a first level in the upper chamber in the pipe and
at least one hole positioned below the overflow slot to allow flow of liquid below
the first level into the pipe. At least one outlet slot is provided at the second end to
25 allow flow of liquid outside the pipe.
In an aspect, the distributor plate includes a central aperture, a plurality of
diverging slots diverging outwardly on the distributor plate, a plurality of
distributor baffles disposed on the upper surface of the distributor plate, an inner
30 end of the distributor baffle placed inside the pipe through the outlet slot and an
5
outer ring having serrations and disposed on the lower surface of the distributor
plate.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
The figures depict embodiments of the disclosure for purposes of illustration only5 .
One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following description that
alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be
employed without departing from the principles of the disclosure described herein.
10 FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a front cross-sectional view of a cross flow reactor
in accordance with an embodiment.
FIG. 2 partially illustrates a front view of a distributor tray assembly in accordance
with an embodiment.
FIG. 3 illustrates a top view of the first baffle or the second baffle in accordance
15 with an embodiment.
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a front view of a primary distributor unit in
accordance with an embodiment.
FIG.5 illustrates a gas distributor in accordance with an embodiment.
FIG.6 illustrates a top view of the bottom plate in accordance with an embodiment.
20 FIG.7 illustrates a front view of the distributor plate of the primary distributor unit
in accordance with an embodiment.
FIG.8 illustrates a cross sectional view of the distributor plate along the plane 8-8
of FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 illustrates a cross sectional view of the distributor plate along the plane 9-9
25 of FIG. 7.
Figure 10 schematically illustrates a front view of a support plate in accordance
with an embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
30 While the embodiments in the disclosure are subject to various modifications and
alternative forms, specific embodiment thereof has been shown by way of example
6
in the figures and will be described below. It should be understood, however that
it is not intended to limit the disclosure to the particular forms disclosed, but on the
contrary, the disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternative
falling within the scope of the disclosure.
5
It is to be noted that a person skilled in the art would be motivated from the present
disclosure and modify various constructions of the cross-flow reactor of the present
disclosure, which may vary from reactor to reactor. However, such modification
should be construed within the scope and spirit of the disclosure. Accordingly, the
10 drawings show only those specific details that are pertinent to understand the
embodiments of the present disclosure so as not to obscure the disclosure with
details that will be readily apparent o those of ordinary skill in the art having benefit
of the description herein.
15 The terms “comprises”, “comprising”, or any other variations thereof used in the
disclosure, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that an apparatus,
system, assembly, mechanism that comprises a list of components does not include
only those components but may include other components not expressly listed or
inherent to such system, or assembly, or apparatus. In other words, one or more
20 elements in a system or device proceeded by “comprises…a” does not, without
more constraints, preclude the existence of other elements or additional elements
in the system or apparatus.
The following paragraphs describe the system and apparatus of the present
25 disclosure with reference to Figures 1 to 10. In the figures the same element or
elements which have same functions are indicated by the same reference signs.
The terms such as upward, downward, vertical, horizontal, lower and upper used
in the description are referred with respect to particular orientation of the system
30 as shown in the figures of the present disclosure. Hence, such words should not be
7
construed as limitation to the present disclosure, as the same may be varied
depending on the orientation of the system.
FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-flow reactor, hereinafter referred to as a reactor 10, with
a system for gas-liquid distribution in accordance with an embodiment of th5 e
present disclosure. The reactor 10 may be, but not exclusively, a trickle bed reactor
with a cross-flow configuration. The reactor 10 has a housing 12 configured to be
placed vertically. The housing 12 may be a hollow column of a substantially
cylindrical shape placed vertically. The housing 12 may be supported on the
10 ground or any other surface by any means known in the art. Further, the housing
12 may be made by any suitable material, such as metal, as required. In the
embodiment as illustrated, the housing 12 is a cylindrical column with a dome
shaped top 14 and bottom 16.
15 The reactor 10 further has a gas inlet 18 provided for supplying gas in the housing
12, and a liquid inlet 20 for supply of liquid in the housing 12. The gas inlet 18
may be positioned on the top 14 of the housing 12 for supply of gas in the reactor
10. Further, liquid inlet 20 is positioned towards the top 14 of the housing 12 for
supply of liquid in the reactor 10.
20
The reactor 10 may have a distributor tray assembly 22 positioned horizontally
inside the housing 12 and defining an upper chamber 24 in the housing 12. The
distributor tray assembly 22 distributes liquid from the upper chamber 24 on a
catalyst bed 26 positioned below the distributor tray assembly 22. FIG. 2
25 schematically illustrates the distributor tray assembly 22 in accordance with an
embodiment. Referring to FIG. 2, the distributor tray assembly 22 may include a
top plate 28 fitted with a plurality of primary distributor units 30 as shown in FIG.
2. For mounting the distributor tray assembly 22 in the housing 12, the housing 12
may be provided with a radially inwardly projecting flange 32 forming a support
30 for peripheral portion of the distributor tray assembly 22. However, in an alternate
embodiment, any suitable arrangement may be used. The top plate 28 may have a
8
shape corresponding to the cross section of the housing 12 and have sufficient
thickness for withstanding weight of the liquid collected in the upper chamber 24.
In the embodiment as illustrated, the top plate 28 is circular in shape.
Further, referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, the primary distributor units 30 may includ5 e
vertically oriented pipes 34 having a first end 36 positioned in the upper chamber
24 and a second end 38 positioned below the top plate 28 for facilitating flow of
liquid from the upper chamber 24 towards the catalyst bed 26. As illustrated in
FIG. 1, the upper chamber may be a chamber defined between the top 14 of the
10 housing 12 and the top plate 28 of the distributor tray assembly 22. Further, the top
plate 28 may be provided with corresponding cut-outs to accommodate the primary
distributor units 30. The primary distributor units 30 are arranged on top plate 28
on a portion that is directly above the catalyst bed 26 such that the primary
distributor units 30 allow the liquid to fall on the catalyst bed 26. The first end 36
15 of the primary distributor units 30 may have suitable provision for entry of liquid
in the pipes 34. In the embodiment as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, the primary
distributor units 30 are provided with a plurality of holes 40 and overflow slots 42
for facilitating flow of liquid through the primary distributor units 30. The second
end 38 of the primary distributor units 30 may be provided with outlet slots 44 for
20 exit of liquid from the primary distributor units 30. The dimension of the plurality
of holes 40, overflow slots 42 and outlet slots 44 may be designed based on
required rate of flow of liquid in the reactor 10, and may vary based on size and
application of the reactor 10.
25 Referring to FIG. 4 and FIG.s 7-9, a distributor plate 46 may be attached to the
second 38 end of each pipe 34 to spread or distribute the liquid flowing out of the
outlet slots 44 as the liquid flows towards the catalyst bed 26. The distributor plates
46 may be circular in shape and have a plurality of radially outwardly diverging
slots 48. Further, each distributor plate 46 has a central aperture 50 for discharging
30 a small portion of the liquid through the central aperture 50. The distributor plate
46 has a plurality of distributor baffles 52 extending perpendicularly and outwardly
9
from an upper surface 54 of the distributor plate 46. The distributor baffles 52
distribute the flow of liquid received on the distributor plate 46 through the outlet
slots 44, and directs the flow towards the diverging slots 48 of the distributor plate
46. Further, the distributor plate 46 may have two rings attached on its lower
surface 56, an inner ring 58 and an outer ring 60. Each of the rings has a to5 p
peripheral edge and a bottom peripheral edge. The top peripheral edges of both the
rings are secured to the lower surface 56 of the distributor plate 46 such that rings
are arranged concentric to each other. In the embodiment as illustrated, the bottom
peripheral edges of the inner ring 58 and the outer ring 60 are provided with
10 serrations 62 for allowing distribution of the liquid laterally. The serrations 62 on
the bottom peripheral edges prevent the bottom peripheral edges from completely
abutting a first baffle 68 (discussed later) and thus prevent blockage of flow of
liquid by the rings 60,62.
15 The distributor plate 46 is secured to the second end 38 of the pipe in a manner that
an inner end 64 of the distributor baffle 52 is positioned inside the outlet slot 44,
such that the distributor baffle 52 divides the flow of liquid from coming out from
the outlet slot 44 into two channels. Some amount of the liquid from the pipe
escapes from the central aperture 50 and flows through the inner ring 58, while a
20 major portion of the liquids moves radially outward and flows through and over
the diverging slots 48. The remaining portion of the liquid flows from the periphery
of the distributor plate 46. This way liquid is showered in downward direction by
the primary distributor units 30.
25 The top plate 28 and the primary distributor units 30 are arranged in the housing
12 such that the liquid in the upper chamber 24 can only escape towards the catalyst
bed 26 through the primary distributor units 30. Further, the first end 36 of the pipe
34 may be covered to prevent entry of liquid falling from the liquid inlet 20. Thus,
entry of liquid in the pipes may only take place from the plurality of holes 40 or
30 the overflow slots 42.
10
Referring to FIG.s 2 and 3, a secondary distributor unit 66 is disposed below the
distributor tray assembly 22. The secondary distributor unit 66 includes the first
baffle 68 and a second baffle 70. The first baffle 68 and the second baffle 70 may
be positioned horizontally parallel to the top plate 28 for further spreading and
distribution of the liquid flowing out of the primary distributor units 30. The firs5 t
baffle 68 and the second baffle 70 may be in form of a plate with plurality of
apertures 72 placed uniformly across the surface of the first baffle 68 and second
baffle 70 to allow uniform flow of the liquid towards the top portion of the catalyst
bed 26. The dimensions of the plurality of apertures 72 may be determined based
10 on required rate of flow of liquid through the apertures or any other such parameter,
and may vary based on size and application of the reactor 10. The first baffle 68
and the second baffle 70 may be mounted in the housing using support plates 74
as shown in FIG 2. and FIG. 10. The support plates 74 may be provided with
perforations 76 in order to allow flow of liquid laterally across the surface of the
15 first baffle 68 and the second baffle 70. Perforations 76 in the support plate 74 may
also prevent any uneven liquid level build up across the surface of the first baffle
68 and the second baffle 70. FIG. 10 illustrates a front view of the support plate 74
along with the perforations 76 in accordance with an embodiment. As shown, each
support plate 74 may be provided with plurality of triangular openings 78 for
20 receiving there through a portion of the first baffle 68 and the second baffle 70 for
supporting the first baffle 68 and the second baffle 70. FIG. 10 shows only two
layers of triangular openings, i.e. an upper layer and a lower layer. However, more
layers of may be arranged as required. Further, as shown in FIG. 10, the triangular
openings 78 in the upper layer and the lower layer are arranged such that the
25 spacing between two triangular openings 78 in the lower layer is overlapped by a
triangular opening 78 in the upper layer, and vice versa. In this configuration, the
liquid flowing down the inner ring 58 and the outer ring 60 falls over the first baffle
68 and the second baffle 70, which distributes the liquid. The liquid passing
through the first baffle 68 and the second baffle 70 reaches the catalyst bed 26
30 arranged immediately below the first baffle 68 and the second baffle 70.
11
It may be understood that any number of first or second baffles and support plates
74 may be used as required for uniform distribution of liquid on the top portion of
the catalyst bed 26. Further, the spacing between the support plates 74 and the first
and second baffles 58,60 can be determined depending on the factors such as but
not limited to reactor housing load and its diameter5 .
The first baffle 68 and the second baffle 70 may be inclined subtending a small
angle with the horizontal, thereby preventing any liquid holdup and, enabling
efficient and uniform distribution of the liquid. The liquid leaving the primary
10 distributor units 30 falls on the secondary distributor unit 66 with the first baffle
68 and the second baffle 70, where the liquid is further distributed by the plurality
of apertures 72 on the first baffle 68, the second baffle 70, and the support plates
74 before reaching the catalyst bed 26. The perforations 76 in the support plates 74
avoid restriction in horizontal flow of liquids and prevents any additional pressure
15 built up in the housing 12. Apart from providing a uniform distribution of liquid in
a lateral direction, the secondary distributor unit 66 also avoids any formation of
dry zones in the catalyst bed 26. The liquid introduced uniformly over the top layer
of the catalyst bed 26 may trickle down towards the bottom portion of the catalyst
bed 26 under influence of gravity.
20
Further, the reactor 10 includes a gas distributor 80. Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG.
5 the gas distributor 80 may be in form of a pipe placed vertically inside the housing
12 along its longitudinal axis, in a central portion of the housing 12. As shown in
FIG. 1, the gas distributor may have a top end 82 positioned towards the top 14 of
25 the reactor 10 and a bottom end 84 placed on a bottom plate 86 (discussed later).
The top end 82 of the gas distributor 80 may be fluidly connected with the gas inlet
18 for receiving a gas, whereas the bottom end 84 is a closed end. As illustrated,
the bottom end 84 may be attached to the bottom plate 86 of the reactor 10. The
gas distributor 80 has a plurality of openings 88 to allow flow of gas out the gas
30 distributor 80 and into the catalyst bed 26. The plurality of openings 88 are evenly
positioned circumferentially at different levels on the length of the gas distributor
12
80 surrounded by the catalyst bed 26, and on the outer surface of the gas distributor
80. The plurality of openings 88 placed on the outer surface of the gas distributor
80 allow the gas from the gas distributor 80 to be introduced in the catalyst bed 26
in a horizontal direction. The gas introduced through the openings 88 may travel
substantially horizontally in the catalyst bed 26. The positioning and number of th5 e
plurality of openings 88 may be determined based on required penetration of the
gas in the catalyst bed 26 at different levels and other factors such as size and
application of the reactor 10, and any other factor as required. Further, the
dimensions of the plurality of openings 88 may also be designed based on required
10 rate of flow of gas through the openings 88, and may vary based on size and
application of the reactor 10, and any other factor as required.
As shown in FIG. 1, the catalyst bed 26 may be placed below the distributor tray
assembly 22 and the secondary distributor unit 66. The reaction and mass transfer
15 between gas and liquid occurs majorly in the catalyst bed 26. The catalyst bed 26
may be placed such that the catalyst bed 26 surrounds the length of the gas
distributor 80 below the secondary distributor unit 66. The catalyst bed 26 may be
formed by holding a catalyst in a wire mesh in required shape and size. The catalyst
bed 26 may be formed by random packing of particles in the form of extrudates,
20 granules, spheres, tablets, etc. Further, there is a gap 90 defined between an outer
periphery 92 of the catalyst bed and the inner wall 94 of the housing 12. The gas
and liquid are distributed separately to the catalyst bed arranged in the housing 12,
where the reaction occurs and the desired product is formed. The liquid flows down
the catalyst bed 26 from particle to particle downwards on the surface of the
25 catalyst, to be collected in a sump 96 at the bottom 16 of the reactor 10 after
crossing the bottom plate 86, while the gas travels horizontally in the voids in the
catalyst bed while coming out from the from the gas distributor 80 towards the
inner wall 90 of the housing 12. The gas introduced in the catalyst bed 26 by the
gas distributor 80 may travel horizontally and escape the catalyst bed 26 from the
30 outer periphery 92 of the catalyst bed 26 towards the gap 90. Further, after escaping
13
the catalyst bed 26, the gas may travel downwards towards the sump 96 at the
bottom 16 of the reactor 10.
The bottom plate 86 may have dimensions as required to cover the bottom portion
of the catalyst bed 26 whereas leaving a cavity between the inner wall 94 and th5 e
periphery of the bottom plate 86 for allowing gas collected in the gap 90 to move
towards the sump 96. FIG. 6 illustrates a top view of the bottom plate 86 in
accordance with an embodiment. As shown, the bottom plate 86 may be provided
with plurality of apertures 72 to allow flow of liquid from the catalyst bed 26
10 towards the sump 96. The bottom plate 86 may be mounted in the housing using
any suitable arrangement known in the art. The bottom plate may also be
configured to support the catalyst bed 26 in the housing 12.
Further, the reactor 10 has an outlet 98 positioned at the bottom 16 of the reactor
15 10 to collect the gas and the liquid from the sump 96. The product along with the
unreacted feed is taken out from the reactor 10 through the outlet.
The reactor 10 in accordance with the present disclosure may be employed but not
exclusively for hydrodesulphurization of heavy hydrocarbon feed. In such cases,
20 the gas in the mixture may be hydrogen, while the liquid in the mixture may be a
heavy hydrocarbon feed. Such heavy hydrocarbon feed may be but not exclusively
gas oil. The catalyst for hydrodesulphurization may be but not exclusively a Co-
Mo catalyst packed bed. Uniform distribution of gas-liquid mixture, high mass
transfer and uniform temperature distribution in the radial direction is achievable
25 using the reactor of the present disclosure.
30
14
LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
Reactor 15 0
Housing 12
Top 14
Bottom 16
Gas inlet 18
10 Liquid inlet 20
Distributor tray assembly 22
Upper chamber 24
Catalyst bed 26
Top plate 28
15 Primary distributor units 30
Flange 32
Pipes 34
First end 36
Second end 38
20 Holes 40
Overflow slots 42
Outlet slots 44
Distributor plate 46
Diverging slots 48
25 Central aperture 50
Distributor baffles 52
Upper surface 54
Lower surface 56
Inner ring 58
30 Outer ring 60
Serrations 62
15
Inner end 64
Secondary distributor unit 66
First baffle 68
Second baffle 70
Apertures 75 2
Support plates 74
Perforations 76
Triangular openings 78
Gas distributor 80
10 Top end 82
Bottom end 84
Bottom plate 86
Openings 88
Gap 90
15 Outer periphery 92
Inner wall 94
Sump 96
20
16
We Claim:
1. A cross-flow reactor (10) comprising:
a housing (12);
a distributor tray assembly (22) positioned inside the housing (125 )
and defining an upper chamber (24) in the housing (12), the distributor tray
assembly (22) configured to distribute a liquid below the distributor tray
assembly (22);
a secondary distributor (66) unit disposed below the distributor tray
10 assembly (22) and configured to further distribute the liquid over a catalyst
bed (26) positioned below the secondary distributor unit (66) in the housing
(12);
a gas distributor (80) positioned vertically and having a length
placed through the catalyst bed (26), the gas distributor (80) having a
15 plurality openings (88) on an outer surface of the length to introduce a gas
in the catalyst bed (26) in a radial direction;
a gap (90) defined between the housing (12) and the catalyst bed
(26) to receive the gas from the catalyst bed (26) and direct the gas towards
a bottom (16) of the housing (12); and
20 a bottom plate (86) is placed below the catalyst bed (26) and
configured to allow flow of liquid from the catalyst bed (26) towards the
bottom (16) of the housing (12).
2. The cross-flow reactor (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distributor
25 tray assembly (22) comprises:
a top plate (28);
a plurality of primary distributor units (30) mounted on the top plate
(28), each of the primary distributor units (30) comprising:
a pipe (34) with a first end (36) positioned above the top
30 plate (28) and a second end (38) positioned below the top plate (28),
17
the first end (36) configured to receive a liquid from the upper
chamber (24);
a distributor plate (46) positioned horizontally and attached
at the second end (38), the distributor plate (46) configured to
distribute the liquid below the top plate (28)5 .
3. The cross-flow reactor (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the secondary
distributor unit (66) comprises:
at least one baffle (68, 70) positioned horizontally, the at least one
10 baffle (68, 70) having perforations to further distribute the liquid received
from the distributor tray assembly (22); and
at least one support plate (74) positioned horizontally above the at
least one baffle (68, 70) to support the at least one baffle (68, 70), the
support plate (74) having perforations (76) to allow flow of liquid laterally.
15
4. The cross-flow reactor (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gas
distributor (80) has a top end (82) fluidly connected to a gas inlet (18) for
receiving the gas and a bottom end (84) attached to and closed by the
bottom plate (86).
20
5. The cross-flow reactor (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein a sump (96) is
defined at the bottom (16) of the housing (12) to collect mixture of the gas
and the liquid.
25 6. The cross-flow reactor (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of
openings (88) are distributed uniformly at circumference of the gas
distributor (80) at different levels along the length of the gas distributor
(80).
18
7. The cross-flow reactor (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one
baffle (68, 70) has an inclined surface with respect to the horizontal to
partially direct flow of liquid axially outwards for distribution of liquid.
8. The cross-flow reactor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the support plate (745 )
is provided with a plurality of triangular openings (78) for receiving the at
least one baffle (68, 70).
9. The cross-flow reactor (10) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pipe (34)
10 comprises:
at least one overflow slot (42) positioned on the first end (36) for
allowing flow of liquid above a first level in the upper chamber (24) into
the pipe (34);
at least one hole (40) positioned below the overflow slot (42) to
15 allow flow of liquid below the first level into the pipe (34);
at least one outlet slot (44) at the second end (38) to allow flow of
liquid outside the pipe (34).
10. The cross-flow distributor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the distributor
20 plate (46) comprises:
a central aperture (50);
a plurality of diverging slots (48) diverging outwardly on the
distributor plate (46);
a plurality of distributor baffles (52) disposed on the upper surface
25 (54) of the distributor plate (46), an inner end (64) of the distributor baffle
(52) placed inside the pipe (34) through the outlet slot (44); and
an outer ring (60) having serrations (62) and disposed on the lower
surface (56) of the distributor plate (46).