CLIAMS:Claims:
1. The two body wear machine comprises of :
a) Aluminum framework (1) which is weighted to lend stability to the entire machine so as to prevent toppling.
b) Motor with gear box (2) capable of running at a speed of 100rpm.
c) Reversal track (3) of 15mm capable of sliding back and forth to simulate the chewing cycles.
d) Lower member (4) with holder to mount the specimen.
e) Upper member (5) with holder to mount the antagonistic specimen.
f) Spring loaded piston (6) capable of calibrating a load from 0- 180gm.,
which
i) allows to simulate in-vitro the stomatognathic system and environment during the chewing cycles;
ii) allows for the use of standardized specimen sizes mounted on holders attached to the upper and lower members;
iii) allows for load calibration by means of a spring loaded piston to maintain constant contact between the specimens and is capable of simulating the oral environment and allows for syringing of artificial saliva between the specimens to mimic the oral environment;
iv) and has a reversal track of 15mm which induces wear between two surfaces by sliding back and forth; which in turn mimics the chewing cycles having the motor is capable of running at 100rpm and it aids in choosing the prosthodontic restorative material which would mimic the wear of natural enamel which is 20-40µm per year hence is an ideal choice for restoration of missing teeth and preservation of opposing tooth structure.
,TagSPECI:FORM 2

THE PATENT ACT 1970

(39 OF 1970)

&

THE PATENTS RULES, 2003

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION

(See SECTION 10, RULE 13)

1. TITLE OF THE INVENTION :

CUSTOMIZED TWO BODY WEAR MACHINE FOR EVALUATION OF WEAR FOR DIFFERENT PROSTHODONTIC RESTORATIVE MATERIALS

2. APPLICANT:

NAME: KRISHNA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES

NATIONALITY: DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY DECLARED U/S 3 OF UGC ACT, 1956 VIDE NOTIFICATION NO. F.9-15 / 2001 – U-3 OF THE MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT, GOVT.OF INDIA

ADDRESS: KRISHNA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES,
NEAR DHEBEWADI ROAD, MALKAPUR, KARAD 415110, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION:
The following specification particularly describes the nature of this invention and the manner in which it is to be performed:

4. TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to medical science; specifically to the field of dental science. This customized two body wear machine has been invented to simulate the stomatognathic system.
This machine is to be used to mimic, in-vitro, the wear between two opposing surfaces, either enamel antagonised by a prosthodontic restorative material or two restorative prosthodontic materials opposing each other.

5. Prior Art:
Wear is the progressive loss of substance from a body brought about by mechanical action. Wear in dentistry, occurs when two surfaces undergo slipping and sliding movements against one another when load is applied.
1) Wear of dentition is a natural phenomenon, which may be attributed to adhesion, abrasion, corrosion and surface fatigue. All these processes result is degradation of the surface depending on the disparity of the opposing occlusal surface materials.
2) Lambrechts reported the wear of enamel opposing enamel is 20-40 m per year and an ideal restorative material should mimic that.
3) This machine aids in the comparative evaluation of the wear of enamel against various prosthodontic restorative materials or restorative prosthodontic materials opposed by each other.

Drawbacks of Existing Methods of measuring wear –
Human tooth wear occurs so slowly that traditionally it needs many months or years to be measurable. This entails cumbersome poly-siloxane impressions of teeth at various intervals and then the epoxy casts need to be scanned under an electron microscope.
This drawback of existing method of measuring wear is overcome by this invention.

6. Object:
The main object of the present invention is to provide a novel compound; the machine which aids in simulating wear in the stomatognathic system by way of a two body wear machine .Two body wear is classified as the wear that occurs between two opposing surfaces interposed by saliva in order to mimic the oral environment.

Another object is to provide a process for the preparation of the two body wear machine as evaluation of wear has its clinical importance, which may have both systemic and biologic consequences. Systemic Consequences may result in chemical reactions or possible incorporation of worn material into body cells or tissues.

Yet another object is to provide a process wherein the biologic consequences on the stomatognathic system may be via alterations of tissues and cells. Excessive wear of teeth or restorative material may be associated with:
• supra-eruption of opposing teeth,
• mesial drifting of teeth distal to the eroding contact
• Periodontal break down
• Traumatic occlusion,
• loss of vertical dimension
• Tempero – mandibular dysfunction
Yet another object is to provide a process wherein:
1) This customized two body wear machine consists of an aluminium framework which houses an upper and lower member containing holders for samples. Hence samples of standardized size can be used.

2) It has a calibrated spring loaded piston attached to the upper member so that a constant load can be applied to the samples to mimic the masticatory load in the molar region , the load ensures that the samples are under constant contact at all times.

3) The lower member is capable of sliding back and forth on a reversal track of 15mm, so as to simulate the chewing cycles.

4) Artificial saliva can be syringed between the two samples during testing to further simulate the oral environment.

5) The motor for the machine is capable of running at a speed of 100 rpm

7. Statement:
Accordingly the present invention provides the two body wear machine which comprises:
1. The mounted disc samples of prosthodontic restorative material of standardized size, or of extracted human molars depending on the wear between antagonistic surfaces being tested are placed on to the holders in the upper and lower members attached to the aluminium framework. These are then secured to the machine. (1,4,5)

2. The opposing samples can be placed under a constant load from 0-180gms as desired, so as to maintain constant contact between opposing surface by means of a spring loaded piston (6).

3. Artificial saliva is syringed between the surfaces to mimic the oral environment.

4. The specimens are made to rub against one another in a sliding back and forth motion by a track inbuilt in the machine.(3)

5. The motor is capable of running at a speed of 100 rpm. (2)

6. Wear can be measured at intervals of 5,000, 15,000 and 25,000 cycles.

7. Wear of opposing materials can be measured and quantified before and after loading and subjecting the specimens to the two body wear machine by

a) Using a profilometer
b) Optical scanning methods
c) Volume loss by a weighted balance in a vacuum chamber

The digital data is analysed before and after loading to analyse and quantify the amount of wear.

Novel features of the two body wear machine
1. Upper and lower members to hold specimens of standardized sizes.
2. The load on the two contacting specimens may be calibrated so that they are in constant contact.
3. Artificial saliva can be syringed between specimens to mimic oral environment.
4. Wear occurs by rubbing due to sliding back and forth motion along a 15 mm track to simulate chewing cycles.
5. The motor is capable of running at a speed of 100 rpm

Utility of the two body wear machine
1. To aid in the in-vitro simulation of wear of prosthodontic restorative materials against each other or against natural enamel.
2. In vivo experiments have proved to be cumbersome and inconclusive. These can be replaced by this newly deviced machine.
3. Wear can be actually quantified either by height loss using a profilometer or volume loss using a weight analytical balance in a vacuum chamber or scanning electron microscope studies.
4. This quantification of wear of restorative materials aids in choosing the best restorative material by means of comparative analysis.
5. This also aids in a comparative choice of restorative material which will be kind to the opposing natural dentition and will have least wear.

Advantages:
1. In-vitro standardized, customized machine to quantify and measure two body wear of two restorative materials.
2. In-vitro standardized, customized machine to quantify and measure two body wear between restorative materials and or antagonistic natural enamel.
3. Economic in comparison to the FDA approved MTA wear machine.
The two body wear machine has been customized to simulate wear that occurs in the oral environment between two opposing surfaces which may be either natural enamel against prosthodontic restorative materials or wear between two opposing restorative prosthodontic materials.
It is capable of simulating the chewing cycles by way of a sliding reversal track and also maintaining constant contact between the two specimens being tested by way of a calibrated load.

This aids in ascertaining the best prosthodontic restorative material for crowns or bridges in the oral environment which are capable of withstanding progressive wear over the years.

It also helps in conclusively determining which prosthodontic restorative material does not cause wear and is kind to antagonistic enamel.

8. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING:
Fig No.1 is the schematic representation of the CUSTOMIZED TWO BODY WEAR MACHINE USED TO EVALUATE WEAR OF PROSTHODONTIC RESTORATIVE MATERIALS.

9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS:
1. Aluminum framework (1) which is weighted to lend stability to the entire machine so as to prevent toppling.
2. Motor with gear box (2) capable of running at a speed of 100rpm.
3. Reversal track (3) of 15mm capable of sliding back and forth to simulate the chewing cycles.
4. Lower member (4) with holder to mount the specimen.
5. Upper member (5) with holder to mount the antagonistic specimen.
6. Spring loaded piston (6) capable of calibrating a load from 0-180gm.

The mounted disc samples of restorative material of standardized size, or of extracted human molars depending on the wear between antagonistic surfaces being tested are placed on to the holders in the upper and lower members attached to the aluminium framework. These are then secured to the machine (1,4,5).

The opposing samples can be placed under a constant load from 0-180gms as desired so as to maintain constant contact between opposing surfaces by means of a spring loaded piston (6).

Artificial saliva is syringed between the surfaces to mimic the oral environment.

The specimens are made to rub against one another in a sliding back and forth motion by a track inbuilt in the machine (3).

The motor is capable of running at a speed of 100 rpm(2).

Wear can be measure at intervals of 5,000; 15,000 and 25,000 cycles.

Wear of opposing materials can be measured and quantified before and after loading and subjecting the specimens to the two body wear machine by:
a) Using a profilometer
b) Optical scanning methods
c) Volume loss by a weighted balance in a vacuum chamber

The digital data is analysed before and after loading to analyse and quantify the amount of wear.

10. Claims:
1. The two body wear machine comprises of :
a) Aluminum framework (1) which is weighted to lend stability to the entire machine so as to prevent toppling.
b) Motor with gear box (2) capable of running at a speed of 100rpm.
c) Reversal track (3) of 15mm capable of sliding back and forth to simulate the chewing cycles.
d) Lower member (4) with holder to mount the specimen.
e) Upper member (5) with holder to mount the antagonistic specimen.
f) Spring loaded piston (6) capable of calibrating a load from 0- 180gm.,
which
i) allows to simulate in-vitro the stomatognathic system and environment during the chewing cycles;
ii) allows for the use of standardized specimen sizes mounted on holders attached to the upper and lower members;
iii) allows for load calibration by means of a spring loaded piston to maintain constant contact between the specimens and is capable of simulating the oral environment and allows for syringing of artificial saliva between the specimens to mimic the oral environment;
iv) and has a reversal track of 15mm which induces wear between two surfaces by sliding back and forth; which in turn mimics the chewing cycles having the motor is capable of running at 100rpm and it aids in choosing the prosthodontic restorative material which would mimic the wear of natural enamel which is 20-40µm per year hence is an ideal choice for restoration of missing teeth and preservation of opposing tooth structure.

Dated this 16th April 2014.

DR.M.V.GHORPADE
(REGISTRAR)
FOR KRISHNA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
To
The Controller of Patents,
The patent office,
At Mumbai – 400 037

11. ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION

The two body wear machine has been customized to simulate wear that occurs in the oral environment between two opposing surfaces which may be either natural enamel against prosthodontic restorative materials or wear between two opposing restorative prosthodontic materials.

It is capable of simulating the chewing cycles by way of a sliding reversal track and also maintaining constant contact between the two specimens being tested by way of a calibrated load.

This aids in ascertaining the best prosthodontic restorative material for crowns or bridges in the oral environment which are capable of withstanding progressive wear over the years.

It also helps in conclusively determining which prosthodontic restorative material does not cause wear and is kind to antagonistic enamel.

DR.M.V.GHORPADE
(REGISTRAR)
FOR KRISHNA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES