The disc is a saucer craft's main body section that holds crew and passengers (cockpit). It
usually provides the space for the mount of jet engine and ducted fans for stability. The disc
also contain stabilization surface in specific relation to lifting surfaces i:e.> flap. Since, disc
is the main attachment point for jet engine, ducted fans and flaps. Its design and selection
of materials plays a major role in deciding the strength of disc.
A basic disc layout is shown in fig.l for easy understanding. As can be seen, it comprises
ducts, flap attachment point, ribs.
> Flap
Flaps area type of high-lift device used to increase the lift of an aircraft wing at a given
airspeed. Flap is usually hinged surface and mounted on the wings trailing edge of a fixedwing
aircraft. Extending the flaps increased the drag coefficient of theaircraft. Plain flap, the
rear portion of the airfoil rotatesdownwards on a simple hinge mounted at the front of the
flap.> Propelling nozzle *
It converts a gas turbine or gas generator into a jet. engine. Energy available in the gas
turbine exhaust is converted into a high speed propelling jet by the nozzle. Propelling nozzle
accelerate the available gas to subsonic, transonic or supersonic velocities depending on the
power setting of the engine, their internal shape and the pressures at entry to, and exit
from, the nozzle. A nozzle operates according to the Venturi's effect. Thrust vectoring
nozzle, has the ability to manipulate the direction of the thrust from its engine(s) or motor(s)
in order, to control the attitude or angular velocity of an aircraft, rocket, or other vehicle.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
1. BERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE
It states that in fluid (liquid + gas) dynamics (flow), an increase in the speed of a fluid
occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's
potential energ/.PARALLELOGRAM LAW OF VECTOR ADDITION
It- states that, if two vectors are considered to be the adjacent sides of a
parallelogram, then the resultant of two vectors is given by the vector that is a
diagonal passing through the point of contact of two vectors.TORQUE
It is rotational force or moment of a force which causes an object to rotate. If the
object were give some force, it cause object to rotate about its longitudinal axis.5. LAW OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM
The quantity of rotatiorj of a body, which is the product of its moment of inertia and its
angular velocity. If the object were giving some angular momentum/ it would spin about the
center of mass.6. -CENTER OF MASS
It is based on mass. It is the mean position of the mass in an object.
COM = ^ Where, m =mass
LM • .
r = radial vector from origin 1) Lift - Lift il a positive force caused by difference in air pressureunder and
above a wing.
2) Thrust . - Thrust is the force that propefs an object forward.
3) Weight - Weight is the force that causes an object to fall downwards.
4) Drag - Drag is the resistance of the air to anything moving through it.
5) Resultant Force - Resultant Force is the force of resultant of four ducted fan which is at
center of disc that prope/s an object upward.PRINCIPLE OF PLIGHT
> Principle of VTOL
• Principle of VTOL of saucer craft is achieved by imparting acceleration to a certain
mass as per Nejvton's 3rd law of motion.
. * • , . ' " .-Or. " . :'
if achieved by'pushing some down.ward.to move upward.as per Newton's.3rd law of
motion by ducted fans.
• It works on Bernoulli's principle due.to a propeller mounted inside the duct to
produce required thrust.-
• It works on parallelogram law of vector addition which states that when two
vectors are represented by two adjacent sides of a parallelogram by direction and
magnitude then the resultant of these vectors-is represented in magnitude and
direction by .the diagonal of the parallelogram starting from the same point which
Implies that- -
S When we will starts those 4-duct fans together, then saucer pulls up or
pushing upward, in their own side then the resultant force is in the mid of
saucer and that is the point of com(center of mass)or cod (center of disk).
S It depends on the speedof these 4-duct fans. When the speed of these 4-
duct fafcs faster, then saucer craft pulls upward and vice versa.
> Principle of horizontal motion
• As per Newton's 1st law of motion, which states that a body will continue to be in
state of rest or motion unless an external force acted upon it.
• At the time of ^ucer craft hover in air due to moment of ducted fans it is in motion,
but due to height or altitude it is in rest.
• So, for horizontal motion of saucer craft it is achieved by pushing something
backward to move forward possible by jet engine in horizontal plane as per
Newton's 3rd law of motion.
Principle of yawing
. • If the thrust vectoring nozzle of jet engine changes its direction then as per
Newton's 3rd law of motion (pushing something back to move forward), it pushes
that side (in which direction, nozzle changes its direction) which creates torque
(rotational force) which is responsible to create angular momentum and finally,
saucer craft yaw about its center line.
Principle of rolling
• If increase thrust at one side then that side pushed up (as per parallelogram law of
vector addition) other than another side means, it increases thrust at one side &
increases weignt at another side which push one side upward and other downwards.
• Due to alsolaw of angular momentum (spin about its com) which causes saucer
craft to roll side-wise.
5? Principle of pitching
• if increase thrust at front or rear side then that side pushed up (as per parallelogram
law of vector addition) respectively other than another side means, it increases
thrust at one side & increases weight at another side which push one side upward
and other downwards.
From the equation, as decrease the camber increases the speed. As increase the
speed, increases the lift. As surface area increases, increases the lift (helpful for
gliding).as flapsjextend, camber increases, increases surface area, increases the lift
(helpful for gliding. Its cog and com exist at same point in saucer craft.
Result:
Overall, the saucer really acts as the real aircraft, but'not like that aircraft.
IDEA COMES FROM
• AN AIRCRAFT IS A BODY WHICH CONSIST OF FUSELAGE, MAINPLANE & TAILPLANE
(WHICH ARE INjAEROFOIL SHAPE).
• SIDE VIEW LOOKS LIKE AN AEROFOIL
• IS THE WHOLE AIRCRAFT MERGE IN ONE- BODY?? BUT HOW IT IS POSSIBLE??
• IT MUST BE IN.AEROFOIL BODY.BECAUSE, AN AEROFOIL BODY HAVE
ANAERODYNAMIC SURFACE.AND ANABIUTYTO CREATE MORE L1FTTHAN DRAG.

Claims
1. The saucer craft is a hybrid aircraft which has an ability to VTOL The whole body of saucer craft
is in symmetric AEROFOIL and symmetric in nature.
2. There are 4 - ducted fans mount to give stability in airand same distance from center of disc and
from edge of disc& are parallel mount in the disc that means 2-clockwise rotating ducted fans
are in left & 2-counter clockwise rotating ducted fans are in right side. They are perpendicular to
the lower surface of the disc AEROFOIL.
3. The resultant force for VTOL of 4-ducted fans are in the center of the saucer craft, because of
parallelogram law of vector addition.
4. Therie is a cockpit which holds pilot and crew members mount at upper surface of disc AEROFOIL
and at the center of disc. There is a field of view for surveillance purpose mount at lower surface
of the disc AEROFOIL and at the center of disc.
5. Center of mass(COM) and center of gravity (COG) of saucer craft exist at same point or at center
of disc.
6. There is a plain flap as a lifting surface for gliding purpose. There is thrust vectoring nozzle for
yawing moment. The rolling moment control by the side wise ducted fans works on thrust to
weight ratio with COM and angular momentum relation. The pitching moment control by the
front or rear wise ducted fans works on thrust to weight ratio.
7. The size of saucer craft is constant with variable ratio. Saucer craft's structure is simple as
compared with aircraft, because there is no fuselage, main plain, tail plain, aileron,
elevator...etc.
8. In emergency, because of plainflapit glides & landing safely.
9. Due to.moments like rolling, pitching & yawing, it reacts as an aircraft but due to its constant
size, its structure, it is different from aircraft;