DARUNAVIR POLYMORPH AND PROCESS FOR PREPARATION THEREOF
Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a stable polymorphic form of darunavir. More particularly, it
relates to a hydrated form of darunavir and a process for preparation thereof.
Background and Prior Art
Darunavir, chemically known as (3R,3aS,6aR)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl(lS,2R)-3-[[(4-
amino phenyl)sulfonyI](isobutyl)amino]-l-benzyl-2-hydroxypropylcarbamate (I), is used in the
treatment of HIV infectio e enzyme.
(I)
Darunavir and processes for its preparation are disclosed in EP0715618, W09967417,
EP1725566 and Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2004), 14(4), 959-963.
US20050250845 discloses various pseudopolymorphs of darunavir and processes for their
preparation. According to this application, "pseudopolymorph" is defined as a crystalline form of
a compound in which solvent molecules are incorporated in the lattice structure. The Form B
disclosed in the patent application is a pseudopolymorph wherein water is used as solvent. The
thermogravimetric experiments of the Form B shows weight loss of 3.4% in the temperature
range 25-78°C (water), 5.1% in the temperature range 25-1 10°C (ethanol and water) and further
1.1% weight loss (ethanol) in temperature range 10-200° C. Further at the drying step the Form
B showed about 5.6% weight loss. The obtained dried product was hygroscopic and it adsorbed
up to 6.8% water at high relative humidity.
Amorphous form of darunavir is disclosed in US20050250845 and the publication in J.Org.
Chem. 2004, 69, 7822 - 7829.
Object of the Invention
The object of the present invention is to provide stable polymorph of darunavir, free from other
pseudopolymorphs or solvates, and process for its preparation.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention relates to a polymorphic form of darunavir. More particularly the invention
relates to hydrated form of darunavir.
The darunavir hydrate of the present invention is a true hydrate. The "true hydrate" hereinafter
referred as 'Form C is defined as a hydrate form which is crystalline, stable, non-hygroscopic in
nature and does not contain any solvent molecule.
The present invention provides Form C characterised by powder X-ray diffraction spectrum as
shown in Fig. . Form C is further characterized by thermogravimetric curve as shown in Fig. 2.
The present invention further provides a process for preparation of Form C having water content
in range of 3 to 8.5%, preferably between 7 to 8.5%, as determined by the Karl Fischer method.
Also the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising Form C of
darunavir with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Fig. 1 shows X-ray powder diffractogram (XRD) of darunavir Form C of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows thermogravimetric curve (TG) of darunavir Form C of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows X-ray powder diffractogram (XRD) of amorphous darunavir of the present
invention.
Description of the Invention
The invention will now be described in detail in connection with certain preferred and optional
embodiments, so that various aspects thereof may be more fully understood and appreciated.
The present invention provides a crystalline form of darunavir (Form C) which is essentially a
true hydrate as defined above. It is a stable polymorphic form that does not undergo any
polymorphic transition under various humid conditions.
Crystalline darunavir hydrate Form C of the present invention comprises 1 to 3 molecules of
water, which corresponds to a water content ranging from about 3.0% to about 8.5%, preferably
between 7.0 to 8.5% and further the crystalline darunavir hydrate of the present invention is
substantially free of any organic solvent
Form C of the present invention is essentially free of any pseudopolymorphs or solvates disclosed
in the prior art.
The term "substantially free" as used throughout this specification refers to darunavir Form C
with residual solvent content as per ICH guidelines. However, the darunavir Form C of the
present invention has residual solvent content not more than 3000 ppm and more preferably not
more than 500 ppm.
The crystalline nature of Form C of darunavir is analyzed, characterized and differentiated by Xray
diffractogram.
The X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the hydrated form of present invention was measured on
a Rigaku Dmax 2200 advanced X-ray powder diffractometer with a copper-K- radiation source.
Darunavir hydrate Form C of the present invention has X-ray powder diffractogram pattern with
peaks at 2Qvalues as listed in Table 1.
Table 1: XRD values of Darunavir Form C
Diffraction angles (± 0.2 2Q0) Relative Intensity
7.12 100
9.42 34
10.04 13
10.34 16
11.36 30
12.94 20
13.86 76
16.78 90
17.54 75
18.38 23
18.56 14
18.90 50
19.14 79
20.14 23
20.64 46
20.88 60
21.28 97
21.74 2 1
21.92 14
22.84 65
23.20 4 1
23.50 29
23.68 30
25.20 12
26.44 15
27.54 15
28.34 42
29.28 12
30.44 18
32.80 12
The X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of darunavir Form C is depicted in Figure 1.
The present invention further provides a process for the preparation of Form C wherein 1-
methylpyn,olidine-2,5-dione(3R,3aS,6aR)4etrahydro-2H-furo[2,3-b]furan-3-yl carbonate is
reacted with 4-amino-N-(3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl)-N-isobutylbenzenesulfonamide to
obtain a residue which is stirred in a mixture of water miscible solvent and water to obtain a solid
which is dried to obtain darunavir hydrate Form C.
The present invention also provides a process of converting the pseudopolymorphs or solvates of
darunavir to a stable polymorph Form C wherein the pseudopolymorph or solvate is stirred in a
mixture of water miscible solvent and water and then filtered. The resulting solid is further stirred
in water, filtered and dried to obtain Form C.
The water miscible solvent used in the process of present invention may be selected from
methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, acetone, etc., but preferably the solvent used is
methanol.
The solid product obtained on filtration is preferably dried under vacuum. The solid product is
preferably dried at a temperature of not more than 40°C. The darunavir Form C of the present
invention has a water content between 3.0 to 8.5%, preferably between 7.0 to 8.5%, as determined
by the Karl Fischer method.
The residual solvent content of darunavir Form C was measured by gas chromatography using
USP phase G27 column. From the result obtained it could be concluded that the crystalline
darunavir hydrate Form C of the present invention is substantially free of any organic solvent.
The thermogravimetric analysis, indicating the change in mass as the sample is heated, cooled or
held constant, of darunavir hydrate Form C of present invention showed about 5.5 - 7.5% weight
loss. The thermogravimetric curve of darunavir Form C is depicted in Figure 2".
Further, the Form C of the present invention on drying at elevated temperature is converted to
stable, non-hygroscopic amorphous darunavir which forms another aspect of the present
invention.
The amorphous darunavir obtained by the process of present invention is characterised by XRD
pattern which is provided in Figure 3.
The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline
darunavir Form C and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
Also the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising amorphous
darunavir prepared by the process of present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier
or diluent.
The present invention will now be further illustrated by reference to the following examples,
which do not limit the scope of the invention any way.
Examples
Example 1 -
15 g of l-methylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione(3R,3aS,6aR)-tetrahydro-2H-furo[2,3-b]ftiran-3
carbonate and 26 g of 4-amino-N-(3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl)-N-isobutylbenzene
sulfonamide were dissolved in dichloromethane (140 ml) at 25-30°C. The reaction mass was then
cooled to -5 to 0°C. Triethylamine (16.7 ml) was added at 0°C under stirring. The temperature
was then raised to 25°C and reaction mass was stirred for 8-10 hours. The reaction contents were
quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate ( 1 ml) and stirred. The organic layer was washed
with water (50x2 ml) and concentrated under reduced pressure. To the above material
isopropanol was added and contents heated to reflux. The reaction was cooled to 25-30°C and
filtered. In the obtained solid a mixture of toluene and methanol (3:1) was added and reaction
mass was heated to 65 ± 2°C. The reaction mass was chilled, filtered and then washed with
toluene to obtain 33.6 g of darunavir.
Example 2 -
Darunavir (5 g), obtained from Example 1, methanol ( 5 ml) and water (15 ml) was stirred for 1
hour in a reactor. The resulting slurry was filtered to obtain a wet cake which was suspended in
90 ml of water and stirred at 25-30°C for 8 - 10 hours. The contents were filtered and dried under
vacuum at 35 - 40°C to obtain 4.0 g of darunavir Form C (Kf is 7.5%; yield - 78.12%), having an
XRD pattern as shown in Fig 1.
Example 3 -
5 g of darunavir, obtained in Example 1, was dissolved in 20 ml isopropanol and refluxed for 1
hour to obtain a clear solution. It was cooled to 10-15°C, filtered and dried under vacuum. The
dried solid was dissolved in methanol (15 ml). To this solution 15 ml water was added and
contents were stirred for 1 hour. The slurry was filtered. The wet cake was suspended in water (15
ml) and stirred at 25-3 5°C for 8-10 hours. The resulting solid was filtered and dried under vacuum
at 35 - 40°C to obtain 4.2 g of hydrated darunavir Form C (Kf is 7.7%; yield - 82.03%).
Example 4 -
7 g of darunavir isopropanolate (referred as Form J in US20050250845) was suspended in 2 1 ml
methanol. Water (21 ml) was added and contents stirred for 1 hour. The resulting slurry was
filtered. The wet cake thus obtained was suspended in water (20 ml) and stirred at 25-30°C for 1
hours. The contents were filtered and dried under vacuum at 35 - 40°C to obtain 4.8 g darunavir
Form C (Kf is 7.8 %; yield - 77.54%).
Similarly, the other pseudopolymorphs reported in US' 845 can be converted to darunavir Form C
by following the above process.
Example 5 -
Darunavir Form C obtained from any of the examples 2 to 4, when dried under vacuum at 60 ±
2°C for 8 hours yielded stable and non-hygroscopic amorphous darunavir, having an XRD pattern
as shown in Fig 3.
Example 6 - Hygroscopicity study
Darunavir Hydrate From C was subjected to hygroscopicity study and the test was performed as
per the method given in British Pharmacopoeia.
57.6456 g of darunavir hydrate Form C was exposed at 25°C and 85% RH (relative humidity) for
24 hours and the weight of the sample was recorded as 57.6459 g. A weight change of 0.0003 g
was observed which correspond to 0.06% weight change. As per the test a sample is of nonhygroscopic
nature if the weight change observed is less than 0.2%. From the results it can be
concluded that darunavir hydrate Form C is a non-hygroscopic material, suitable for
pharmaceutical preparation.
Example 7 - Stability study
Darunavir hydrate Form C was subjected to long term storage stability (6 months) under normal
condition i.e 30 ± 2°C and 65 ± 5% RH (relative humidity) and under accelerated conditions i.e
40 ± 2°C and 75 ± 5 % RH (relative humidity) and it was found that there was no significant
increase or decrease in the moisture content or HPLC purity of darunavir hydrate form C. Thus
indicating that the Form C of the present invention is stable and suitable for pharmaceutical use.
CLAIMS
1. Crystalline darunavir hydrate substantially free of any non-aqueous solvent.
2. Crystalline darunavir hydrate according to claim 1, substantially free of all of methanol,
methylene dichloride, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, triethylamine, toluene and ethanol.
3. Crystalline darunavir hydrate according to claim 1 or 2, having water content in the range
3.0 to 8.5 wt %.
4. Crystalline darunavir hydrate having an XRD pattern in accordance with the following
table:
Diffraction angles (± 0.2 2Q0) Relative Intensity
7.12 100
9.42 34
10.04 13
10.34 16
11.36 30
12.94 20
13.86 76
16.78 90
17.54 75
18.38 23
18.56 14
18.90 50
19.14 79
20.14 23
20.64 46
20.88 60
21.28 97
21.74 2 1
21.92 14
22.84 65
23.20 4 1
23.50 29
23.68 30
25.20 12
26.44 15
27.54 15
28.34 42
29.28 12
30.44 18
32.80 12
5. Crystalline darunavir hydrate having an XRD pattern as shown in Fig. 1.
6. Crystalline darunavir hydrate having a thermogravimetric curve as shown in Fig. 2.
7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline darunavir hydrate according to any
one of claims 1 to 6, optionally in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable
excipients.
8. Crystalline darunavir hydrate according to any one of claims 1 to 6 for use in treating an
HIV infection.
9. The use of crystalline darunavir hydrate according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in the
manufacture of a medicament for use in treating an HIV infection.
10. A method of treating an HIV infection comprising administering crystalline darunavir
hydrate according to any one of claims 1 to 6 to a patient in need thereof.
11. A process for preparing darunavir hydrate comprising reacting l-methylpyrrolidine-2,5-
dione(3R,3aS,6aR)-tetrahydro-2H-furo[2,3-b]furan-3-yl carbonate with 4-amino-N-(3-amino-2-
hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl)-N-isobutylbenzenesulfonamide to obtain a residue; stirring the residue in
a mixture of water miscible solvent and water and drying the solid to obtain crystalline darunavir
5 hydrate.
12. A process for preparing darunavir hydrate comprising stirring darunavir, having at least
one non-aqueous solvent in the crystal lattice, in a mixture of water miscible solvent and water;
then filtering the mixture to obtain a solid; stirring the solid in water; filtering the solid/water
10 mixture and drying to obtain crystalline darunavir hydrate according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
13. A process for preparing darunavir hydrate according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the water
miscible solvent is methanol.
15 14. A process for preparing amorphous darunavir comprising drying crystalline darunavir
hydrate prepared according to any one of claims 11 to 13 at elevated temperature to obtain
amorphous darunavir.
15. A pharmaceutical composition comprising amorphous darunavir hydrate prepared
0 according to claim 14, optionally in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable
excipients.
16. Crystalline darunavir hydrate obtainable by a process according to any one of claims 11 to
13.
5
17. Amorphous darunavir obtainable by a process of according to claim 14.
0