CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
Benefit is claimed of U.S. Patent Application No. 62/634,639, filed February 23,
5 2018, and entitled "Delivery Cooler Management System", the disclosure of which is
incorporated by reference herein in its entirety as if set forth at length.
BACKGROUND
The disclosure relates to transport refrigeration. More particularly, the disclosure
10 relates to portable refrigerated coolers.
Refrigerated trucks and trailers are commonly used to transport perishable cargo,
such as, for example, produce, meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, cut flowers, medicines,
vaccines, and other fresh or frozen perishable products. A transport refrigeration system is
mounted to the truck or to the trailer in operative association with a cargo space defined
15 within the truck or trailer for maintaining a controlled temperature environment within the
cargo space.
Conventionally, transport refrigeration systems used in connection with
refrigerated trucks and refrigerated trailers include a transport environmental control unit
formed as a vapor compression system having a refrigerant compressor, a condenser (heat
20 absorption heat exchanger) with one or more associated condenser fans, an expansion device,
and an evaporator (heat rejection heat exchanger) with one or more associated evaporator
fans, which are connected via appropriate refrigerant lines in a closed refrigerant flow circuit.
Air or an air/ gas mixture is drawn from the interior volume of the cargo space by means of
the evaporator fan(s) associated with the evaporator, passed through the air side of the
25 evaporator in heat exchange relationship with refrigerant whereby the refrigerant absorbs heat
from the air, thereby cooling the air. The cooled air is then supplied back to the cargo space.
The perishable cargo may also need to be transported for the "last mile" to the
consumer via a non-refrigerated trucks or other vehicle such as a motorcycle or bicycle.
Typically, last mile cooling is served by insulated containers optionally kept cool via either
30 dry ice or frozen solution.
US Patent Application No. 62/569,287 (the '287 application), filed 10/06/2017,
and entitled "RESPONSIVE COOLING BASED ON EXTERNAL FACTORS", the
disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein as if set forth at length,
2
discloses a cooler having an environmental control unit including a thermoelectric device
(TED).
SUMMARY
One aspect of the disclosure involves a method for delivering one or more orders
5 of goods to one or more customers using a one or more coolers. Each cooler comprises: a
compartment and an environmental control unit. The environmental control unit has: a
temperature sensor; a radio; and a controller coupled to the temperature sensor and radio. The
method comprises: loading the at least one cooler with goods; after the loading, transporting
the one or more coolers to one or more destinations; unloading the one or more coolers at the
10 one or more destinations; during the transporting, monitoring, via the associated temperature
sensor, respective temperatures of the one or more coolers; determining noncompliance of the
measured temperature with at least one standard; and, responsive to the noncompliance,
sending a communication to one or more of the customers whose orders were subject to the
noncompliance.
15 In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing embodiments, the
environmental control unit has a thermoelectric device and a battery for powering the
thermoelectric device to cool the compartment. The controller is coupled to the
thermoelectric device.
In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing embodiments, the monitoring
20 comprises communicating via the radio to a handheld device.
In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing embodiments, the sending
comprises a server sending to a customer app.
In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing embodiments, the
communication requests an instruction on a disposition of the goods subject to the
25 noncompliance.
In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing embodiments, the method
further comprises: determining a further action based on at least one of a nature of the
noncompliance and a profile of each of the one or more of the customers whose orders were
subject to the noncompliance.
30 In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing embodiments, the
determining of the further action is performed by one or more devices using a database of
customer-specific information.
3
In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing embodiments, the
determining of the further action is performed by one or more devices using a database of
goods-specific information regarding compliance with said standard.
Another aspect of the disclosure involves one or more devices for managing
5 delivery of one or more orders of goods to one or more customers using one or more coolers.
Each cooler comprises: a compartment and an environmental control unit. The environmental
control unit has: a temperature sensor; a radio; and a controller coupled to the temperature
sensor and radio. The one or more devices run one or more programs for: receiving measured
temperature data for the one or more coolers; determining noncompliance of the measured
10 temperature with at least one standard; and, responsive to the noncompliance, taking a
remedial action.
In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing embodiments, the remedial
action comprises sending a communication to one or more of the customers whose orders
were subject to the noncompliance.
15 In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing embodiments, the
communication requests an instruction on a disposition of the goods subject to the
noncompliance.
In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing embodiments, the program is
further configured to determine the remedial action based on at least one of a nature of the
20 noncompliance and a profile of each of the one or more of the customers whose orders were
subject to the noncompliance.
In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing embodiments, the
determining of the remedial action is performed by the one or more devices using a database
of customer-specific information.
25 In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing embodiments, the
determining of the remedial action is performed by the one or more devices using a database
of goods-specific information regarding compliance with said standard.
In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing embodiments, the remedial
action comprises automatically aborting delivery of the goods subject to the noncompliance
30 and setting up delivery of a replacement.
In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing embodiments, the one or
more devices comprise one or more servers.
4
In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing embodiments, the one or
more devices comprise a combination of one or more servers and one or more portable
electronic devices.
Another aspect of the disclosure involves a method for delivering one or more
5 orders of goods to one or more customers using a one or more coolers. Each cooler
comprises: a compartment and an environmental control unit. The environmental control unit
has: a temperature sensor; a radio; and a controller coupled to the temperature sensor and
radio. The method comprises: loading the at least one cooler with goods; after the loading,
transporting the one or more coolers to one or more destinations; unloading the one or more
10 coolers at the one or more destinations; during the transporting, monitoring, via the
associated temperature sensor, respective temperatures of the one or more coolers;
determining noncompliance of the measured temperature with at least one standard; and,
responsive to the noncompliance, aborting delivery of one or more goods subject to the
noncompliance.
15 In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing embodiments, the method
further comprises ordering replacements for the one or more goods whose delivery was
aborted.
In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing embodiments, the
environmental control unit has a thermoelectric device and a battery for powering the
20 thermoelectric device to cool the compartment. The controller is coupled to the
thermoelectric device.
Another aspect of the disclosure involves a handheld device having: a display; an
input device; a processor; at least one of storage and memory. The at least one of storage and
memory contains a program for: ordering goods for delivery in one or more coolers;
25 displaying temperature measured by said one or more coolers; and displaying a menu for
selecting a disposition of one or more of the goods that have experienced temperature outside
a predetermined range.
In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing embodiments, said program
is further configured to transmit a selection of said disposition.
30 Another aspect of the disclosure involves a handheld device having: a display; an
input device; a processor; at least one of storage and memory. The at least one of storage and
memory contains a program for: maintaining a database of customer orders for goods
contained in one or more coolers; communicating with the coolers to receive temperature
5
state information from the coolers and forward said temperature state information to a remote
location; and receive from the remote location changes in the customer orders.
In one or more embodiments of any of the foregoing embodiments, said program
is further configured to instruct the driver for non-delivery of one or more of the goods.
The details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the accompanying
drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages will be apparent
from the description and drawings, and from the claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
10 FIG. 1 is a view of an exemplary cooler or refrigerated transport system.
FIG. 2 is a view of an environmental control unit of the cooler.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a warehouse processing such coolers.
FIG. 4 is a schematicized/simplified screenshot of the screen on a driver's app for
causing the device running the app to page coolers to fulfill orders.
15 FIG. 5 is a driver's app schematicized screenshot showing an order list for a trip.
FIG. 6 is a driver's app schematicized screenshot for causing the device to page
coolers containing a given order at the point of delivery.
FIG. 7 is a schematicized screenshot of an app screen on the customer smartphone
for placing an order.
20 FIG. 8 is a tabular representation of a database portion correlating goods with
various associated levels of temperature acceptability.
FIG. 9 is a tabular representation of a database portion correlating customers with
various associated profiles.
FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a method for correlating customers with profiles which
25 may be used to produce the FIG. 9 database portion or maybe used in lieu of having the FIG.
9 database portion.
FIG. 11 is a tabular representation of a database portion correlating
responsive/remedial actions with action codes.
FIG. 12 is a tabular representation of a database portion correlating the FIG. 8
30 goods-specific levels of temperature acceptability and the FIG. 9/10 profiles with FIG. 11
action codes and, thereby, responsive/remedial actions.
FIG. 13 is a schematicized screenshot of an app screen on the customer
smartphone showing status information
FIG. 14 shows the FIG. 13 app screen upon occurrence of a departure
6
FIG. 15 is a schematicized screenshot of the app screen on the customer
smartphone showing options responsive to the departure.
FIG. 16 is a schematicized screenshot of an order list screen of the driver's app
during a delivery trip.
5 FIG. 17 is a schematicized screenshot of an app screen of the driver's app
showing further information on an order being delivered.
FIG. 18 shows the FIG. 16 screen upon occurrence of a departure.
FIG. 19 is a simplified screenshot of an app screen of the driver's app showing
further information regarding how to handle the order having the departure.
10 Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicate like
elements.
7
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
A management system for such last mile use of coolers focuses on an example
using non-refrigerated trucks (hereafter "vans") to carry multiple coolers. In this example,
key operations occur in a warehouse 20 (FIG. 3). The exemplary warehouse includes one or
5 more pre-cooling rooms 22 or other areas where coolers 100 are pre-cooled. The precooling
room is cooled by a refrigeration system 24 (e.g., a vapor compression system). For example
one or more heat absorption heat exchangers 26 of the vapor compression system 24 may be
located in the pre-cooling room. A heat rejection heat exchanger 28 may be outside as may be
a compressor 30. FIG. 3 further shows an expansion device 32 in the vapor compression
10 system. The foregoing is merely a schematic illustration of a basic vapor compression
system.
The warehouse further includes one or more refrigerated storage areas 40 for
storing goods 42. Each refrigerated storage area may have its own refrigeration system 24
(not separately shown) or they (optionally along with the precooling rooms and any other
15 refrigerated rooms) may be cooled in common.
The warehouse further includes one or more fulfillment areas 44 for loading of
coolers. Each fulfilment area may have its own refrigeration system or they (optionally along
with the precooling rooms and storage areas rooms) may be cooled in common.
In one example, separate storage areas are kept at different temperatures for
20 different types of goods (e.g., frozen food at -18°C, produce at 1°C, and other non-frozen
perishables at 4°C, and the like). However, in this example, the pre-cooling room(s) and
fulfilment area(s) are at one temperature each (e.g., 0°C for the pre-cooling rooms and 10°C
for the fulfilment areas).
FIG. 3 further shows one or more vans 50 along with their respective drivers 52.
25 Each driver has a computing device 400 (e.g., a portable hand-held electronic device such as
a smartphone) for communicating with the coolers and one or more servers 60 managing
operation of the system. The servers may be onsite or off-site (e.g., cloud-based). The
exemplary servers have appropriate communications equipment for communications over at
least the internet and any other appropriate public and/or private networks. These servers
30 individually and/or collectively may include appropriate processors (e.g., microprocessors),
memory, storage (e.g., hard drives, solid state memory, and the like for storing programs and
databases), communications interfaces, and the like. The processors and memory execute
programs held in the storage to perform basic computer/server functions and the specific
functions associated with acting as a central managing the system as discussed below.
8
FIGs. 1 and 2 show details of an exemplary cooler simplified from the
aforementioned '287 application. FIG. 1 shows one example of a cooler or refrigerated
transport system 100 includes a cooler body or transport container 200 and an environmental
control unit 290 removably connected to the transport container 200. Alternative coolers may
5 have non-removable environmental control units. The environmental control unit 290 may be
removable from the transport container 200 and may be connected to a variety of different
transport containers other than what is depicted in the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 1. The
environmental control unit 290 provides cooling in a cooling mode.
The transport container 200 may be composed of a base 201 and a lid 202. As
10 shown in FIG. 1, base 201 may be an open ended container wherein perishable cargo, such
as, for example, produce, meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, cut flowers, pharmaceuticals,
organs, and other fresh/frozen perishable products, is stowed for transport. The lid 202 is
configured to fit on the base 201, thus enclosing the perishable cargo within the transport
container 200. The lid 202 is configured to securely fasten to the base 201 such that an
15 airtight seal is created between the lid 202 and the base 201. In various embodiments, the
base 201 and the lid 202 may be composed of a plastic, metal vacuum, extruded polystyrene
foam, polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam, or other lightweight insulating material. In one
embodiment, the base 201 is collapsible and may be folded when not in use for easy storage
and transportation.
20 The base 201 further includes an interior 204 surface (forming a refrigerated
compartment 212) and an exterior 206. The compartment 212 houses the perishable goods
and may be subdivided into one or more separate sub compartments by one or more dividers
(not shown). One or more anchors 280 may be configured on the exterior 206 of the base 201
so that the refrigerated transport system 100 may be secured to a vehicle, such as, for
25 example a motorcycle.
FIG. 2 shows the environmental control unit 290. The environmental control unit
290 may include a power convertor 310, a battery 320, a controller 330, a first fan 340, a
second fan 341, a thermoelectric device 360, a communication module 370, and a control
panel 380. The thermoelectric device 360 provides cooling to the transport container 200.
30 The thermoelectric device 360 in operation generates heating/cooling by creating a
temperature difference across two sides of the thermoelectric device 360 when a voltage is
applied to the thermoelectric device 360. For cooling operation, the side in thermal
communication with the compartment is the cool side and the side in thermal communication
with the environment exterior to the cooler is the hot side. The amount of heating and cooling
9
changes in response to polarity of the voltage that is applied to the thermoelectric device 360
as the material properties cause the atoms to diffuse to a first side or a second side of the
thermoelectric device 360. This is also known as Peltier effect. The fan 340 pulls in air
(airflow) 344 external to environmental control unit 290 through a vent 342. The air 344
5 passes across the hot side of the TED 360, absorbs heat and is discharged. The fan 341 drives
an internal recirculating airflow 345 across the cold side of the TED to cool the compartment.
It is to be understood that the term "air" when used herein with reference to the atmosphere
draw into the environmental control unit 290 by the first fan 340 or recirculated by the second
fan 341 may include a mixture of oxygen with other gases, such as for example, but not
10 limited to, nitrogen or carbon dioxide. The fans 340, 341 may each be rotated by a fan motor
(not shown) powered by the power source 306 and/or the battery 320.
The environmental control unit 290 also includes a controller 330 configured for
controlling the operation of the environmental control unit 290 including, but not limited to,
the operation of thermoelectric device 360 and fans 340, 341 to provide and maintain a
15 desired thermal environment within the transport container 200. The controller 330 may be an
electronic controller including a processor and an associated memory comprising
computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor
to perform various operations. The processor may be but is not limited to a single-processor
or multi-processor system of any of a wide array of possible architectures, including field
20 programmable gate array (FPGA), central processing unit (CPU), application specific
integrated circuits (ASIC), digital signal processor (DSP) or graphics processing unit (GPU)
hardware arranged homogenously or heterogeneously. The memory may be a storage device
such as, for example, a random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), or other
electronic, optical, magnetic or any other computer readable medium. The operation of the
25 environmental control unit 290 may also be controlled through the control panel 380 located
on the exterior of the environmental control unit 290. Using the control panel 380, users may
set a selected temperature 382 for the compartment 212. Also using the control panel 380,
users may set a maximum temperature 386 and a minimum temperature 384 for the selected
temperature 382. As is discussed further below, the control panel may include one or more
30 status lights 388 (e.g., LED) or audio speaker or other audio transducer.
The controller 330 is in electronic communication with the communication
module 370. The communication module 370 may be in wireless communication with a
computing device 400, such as, for example a smart phone, PDA, smart watch, tablet, laptop
computer, desktop computer etc. The computing device 400 may include a touch screen as a
10
display and input device, mouse, keyboard, scroll wheel, physical button, or any input
mechanism known to one of skill in the art. The computing device 400 may include a
processor 450, memory 452 and communication module 454 as shown in FIG. 2. The
processor 450 can be any type or combination of computer processors, such as a
5 microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, application specific integrated
circuit, programmable logic device, and/or field programmable gate array. The memory 452
is an example of a non-transitory computer readable storage medium tangibly embodied in
the computing device 400 including executable instructions stored therein, for instance, as
firmware. The communication module 454 may implement one or more communication
10 protocols as described in further detail herein. Embodiments herein generate a graphical user
interface on the computing device 400 through an application 455.
The wireless communication between the communication module 370 of the
environmental control units 290 and the communication module 454 of the computing device
400 may be satellite, WiFi, cellular, Bluetooth, other radio communication, or any other
15 wireless communication method known to one of skill in the art. In a particular example, the
cooler has only a two-way Bluetooth module (radio) 370; whereas the computing device has
separate two-way Bluetooth, WiFi, and cellular radios in addition to a GPS receiver. The
computing device 400 may be configured to wirelessly control the operation of the
environmental control unit 290 and/or display the parameters 410 of the environmental
20 control unit 290. The parameters 410 may include but are not limited to location of the
environmental control unit 290, temperature of the cooling output of the environmental
control unit 290, and humidity of the cooling output of the environmental control unit 290.
The location and temperature output may be detected but one or more sensors 390. In an
embodiment, a sensor 390 may include a temperature sensor (e.g., thermistor) or humidity
25 sensor. In an embodiment, a sensor 390 may include a GPS sensor configured to determine
the location of the environmental control unit 290. In another embodiment, a destination may
be included as one of the parameters 410, where the destination is the physical destination
intended for one or more of the items being cooled by the transport container 200. In another
aspect, the parameters include a number of times the lid 202 and/or 240 have been opened.
30 The environmental control unit 290 may be powered by a power source 306
and/or a battery 320. The power source 306 may charge the battery 320 such that the battery
320 may provide power to the environmental control unit 290 when the environmental
control unit 290 is receiving reduced and/or no power from the power source 306. The power
source 306 may comprise an AC generator configured to generate alternating current (AC)
11
power including at least one AC voltage at one or more frequencies. In an embodiment, the
power source 306 may, for example, be a permanent magnet AC generator or a synchronous
AC generator. In another embodiment, the power source 306 may comprise a single
on-board, DC generator configured to generate direct current (DC) power at least one
5 voltage. In an embodiment, the power source 306 is a flywheel generator operably connected
to a rotating component of a vehicle. In an embodiment, the power source 306 may be an
onboard battery of a vehicle, such as, for example a 12 Volt battery. Some power sources
may have internal voltage regulators while other power sources do not. It is to be understood
that various power converters 310, such as AC to DC rectifiers, DC to AC inverters, AC to
10 AC voltage/frequency converters, and DC to DC voltage converters, may be employed in
connection with the power source 306 as appropriate. The power converter 310 may include a
voltage sensor to sense the voltage of the power source 306. The power source 306 may also
include a battery, a solar panel, or any similar power source known to one of skill in the art.
In the particular warehouse example, the power source may be building AC service in the
15 pre-cooling room 22.
The servers 60 (FIG. 3) may receive customer orders (e.g., via the internet) and
manage fulfillment of those orders. Thus customers may place orders via the internet (e.g.,
using web browsers, apps, or the like). In one example, a customer places an order via an app
on his smartphone or similar portable device. The customer smartphone 400 may be the same
20 or similar to the driver's smartphone 400 and the customer's app may be the same app (e.g.,
with different functionalities enabled) or may be a different app. FIG. 7 shows an example of
an order screen on the app used by the customer. The app communicates via the internet with
the server 60. The server processes the order as discussed above and that order is then
gathered and placed in coolers by the driver as described above. The driver then proceeds to
25 deliver said order to the customer.
Via one or more databases, the servers 60 store, for each order, a list of goods in
that order and customer information including the customer address. The databases also
contain, for each good, dimensions (e.g., weight (or mass) and linear dimensions). The
databases also contain, for each good, storage parameters such as a storage temperature
30 range. From this database information, the server may calculate an optimum distribution of
goods in the order across one or more coolers at each of one or more temperature ranges.
The servers 60 may further attend to assigning orders to individual van trips and
plan routes. In doing so, the servers may group orders to share coolers in an efficient manner.
For example, multiple orders at a given route stop (e.g., apartment building) or at close route
12
stops may share coolers, allowing coolers to be emptied early in the route and then shut off to
save battery energy and thus reduce charge time when returned to the pre-cooling room.
For each route, the servers 60 may thus determine the required number of coolers
100 and create pick lists for each order. The pick lists identify each good in the order and the
5 particular cooler into which such good is to be loaded. For example, with n coolers in a route,
the server may assign each a number from 1 to n. The pick lists may have multiple uses and
multiple levels. For example, the pick lists may be used by non-driver warehouse workers
and then by drivers as discussed below. The pick lists may be printed paper lists and/or
digital lists transmitted by the server(s) 60 to portable devices 400 (e.g., via WiFi or the like
10 within the warehouse or via mobile device carrier (e.g., cellular)).
The server(s) 60 may then transmit the route pick list (containing pick lists for all
orders in the route) to the smartphone 400 of the particular driver 52 for use by an app on the
smartphone. The servers may transmit further route information such as an order of stops.
With the route pick list, the driver may go to the pre-cooling room and use his
15 smartphone to select the n coolers for the route. The driver may use the app to send a signal
to the coolers to interrogate the coolers about their status (e.g., temperature and battery
charge level). In order to receive and act on the signal, the coolers may be in a standby/charge
mode rather than being fully off. In this standby/charge mode the coolers only provide power
to the onboard temperature sensor(s), processor, Bluetooth radio and status lights or audio
20 transducer 388. In one example, all coolers at or below a predetermined threshold
temperature and at or above a predetermined charge level respond with a visual or audible
response (e.g., turning a light 388 on).
In an example of setting up the pick lists and allocating goods to coolers noted
above, the server accesses the temperature database, a database on goods size, and a customer
25 address database. Use of the customer address database allows the server to group goods of a
given temperature range from separate orders at the same or nearby stops to cause coolers to
be emptied as early as possible during the route. That also minimizes openings and closings
of a given cooler. Thus coolers containing goods for late stops will not have been opened
many times (if at all) prior to those stops. This further minimizes energy consumption and
30 reduces chances of departure from the specified temperature range. However, any order that
contains more than a cooler's worth of goods at a given temperature range could fill one or
more coolers at that range and share only one cooler at that temperature range with goods
from one or more other orders.
13
In the example, the server 60 determines the predetermined threshold temperature
and predetermined charge level for a group of unique orders for a given route as a function of
the estimated travel time to each customer's address and the storage temperature range for
each of the goods in each unique order. In some cases a customer order may only be assigned
5 coolers dedicated exclusively to that order. In alternative cases, it may be advantageous to
mix multiple orders (or portions thereof) into the same cooler (e.g., as discussed above). In
one specific example the driver's route consists of both Customer A's order and Customer
B's order. Customer A places an order to an address located in an apartment complex ten
miles from the warehouse 20. The server 60 determines that based on the total distance from
10 the warehouse that a cooler needs a battery life of 90 minutes. Customer A's order contains
three bags of apples that have a target temperature range of 0 Celsius to 10 Celsius. The
server 60 determines that based on the quantity of apples in Customer A's order, two coolers
are needed for Customer A's order, whereby one cooler will be filled completely with apples
and a second cooler will have excess capacity. Customer B places an order to an address
15 located in the same apartment complex as Customer A. Customer B's order contains three
one-gallon jugs of milk that has a target temperature range of 0 Celsius to 3 Celsius. The
server 60 determines that based on the amount of milk in Customer B's order , two unique
coolers are needed because one cooler can only hold two one-gallon jugs of milk. The server
60 determines that one bag of apples from Customer A's order and one gallon of milk in
20 Customer B's order are to be placed in the same cooler. Here the server 60 determines that
the driver's route for Customer A and Customer B requires three coolers. The server
determines the predetermined threshold to be coolers that both have a battery life of at least
90 minutes and a current temperature between 0 Celsius and 3 Celsius. The calculated
predetermined threshold allows for the driver to place the apples or milk in any of three
25 coolers. In other specific examples, the specific goods could have disparate storage
temperatures requiring coolers set to different ranges from each other. The server may also
determine that a cooler which will be emptied early in the route needs a lower starting charge
(lower threshold computed by the server) than one (e.g., with the same target temperature
range) that will empty later in the route. Different charge thresholds may also correspond
30 (inversely) to different target temperature ranges.
FIG. 4 shows a screen on the driver's smartphone generated by the driver's app
allowing the driver to select an order and then page the cooler(s) required for that order. It
may also be possible for the driver to select and page all coolers for all orders in a given
route. The smartphone app may then select coolers meeting the threshold(s) and cause just
14
those coolers to alert via audio and/or visual alert. The app may assign each of the selected
coolers the appropriate number from 1 to n.
The driver physically segregates the selected coolers and may log them out of the
pre-cooling area. For example, each cooler may have a QR code 210 (FIG. 1) that the driver
5 scans using the app and smartphone camera.
In a simpler example where coolers simply have a binary status of ready or not,
the app may select the needed amount or may page all ready coolers to alert. In the latter
situation, the driver may just select the needed number indicated by the app and log them out
of the pre-cooling area as discussed above.
10 The app may communicate to the server which coolers are being taken, so that the
server may update the server's database of cooler status. The driver then takes the coolers to
the fulfillment area and loads them using the pick list. In an exemplary situation, inside the
fulfillment area goods have been pre-grouped and organized so that each order has a defined
space where warehouse workers place the goods belonging to that particular order. The
15 defined space could be a table with digital signage indicating the order number. As customers
submit orders to the server(s) 60, the servers(s) in turn generate/transmit the pick lists for
warehouse. Using the pick lists, warehouse workers gather the goods for each order from the
storage area 42. The goods in the storage area 42 are grouped so that produce is co-located
with other produce and dairy products are co-located with other dairy products and so forth.
20 Signage indicates the particular class of a good, for example apples and additional signage
identifies the specific type of a good, for example gala apples. Warehouse workers physically
transport the goods belonging to each particular order from the storage area 42 to the
fulfillment area 44 and place at the associated defined space belonging to that order. As noted
above, the server may control electronic signage at each staging space in the in the fulfilment
25 area to display an identification of the particular order staged there. Goods that may have no
exterior packaging are stored in bags.
Upon selection of the coolers, the app, via Bluetooth, communicates to the coolers
to set the temperature that the coolers will maintain during the route and may turn the coolers
on. The driver brings the coolers to the fulfilment area. Using the pick list on the app on his
30 smartphone, the driver loads each cooler with the goods assigned to that cooler. When
displaying a pick list, the app may cause the associated cooler(s) to alert to identify
themselves to the driver.
When all the coolers are loaded, the driver loads the coolers into the van and goes
on the route (e.g., guided by the app on the smartphone).
15
Arriving at the first stop, the app may cause the coolers containing orders for that
stop to emit a visual and/or audible alert. This may be done responsive to the app using the
smartphone's GPS capability. Or it may be done responsive to the driver commanding the
app. FIG. 5 shows an app screen allowing selection of a particular order. FIG. 6 shows an
5 order screen resulting from the selection (e.g., the clicking of a FIG. 5 button). The FIG. 6
screen includes the list of goods in the order and a button to cause the app to communicate to
the cooler(s) of that order to provide their visible and/or audible alert. Using the app to verify
order contents, the driver may remove the coolers for a given order take them to the delivery
point (front door, etc.) and deliver the goods from the coolers.
10 When coolers are empty, the app may command the empty coolers to shut down.
One option is for the app to simply shut off all coolers that only have (had) goods for a given
stop after the smartphone determines via GPS that a given time (e.g., five minutes) has
elapsed since arriving at the stop. Another option is to shut off the cooler when the driver,
using the app, enters that a given order has been delivered and the app database indicates that
15 order emptied the particular cooler. The driver repeats for any further orders at that stop and
then goes on to the next stop and so forth. This shutoff may be to a full off mode (e.g., where
a power switch or plugging in would be required to activate the coolers rather than a mere
Bluetooth signal.
As noted above, each cooler may be set to operate to maintain contents within a
20 given temperature range. However there may be departures from such ranges and a decision
on a responsive action may be made. The actions involved may include aborting delivery of
the affected good(s). In case of such aborting, there could be an automatic order of a
replacement. The actions involved could include discounting the affected goods or
discounting the replacement. There may be communications to the customers. The
25 communications may be merely informative of actions that will be taken or may be queries
regarding what action should be taken (e.g., replacement vs. refund vs. discount on affected
goods).
In an example described below, decision-making is biased toward the server(s) 60
with relatively low logic involved in the cooler 100 and app on the smartphone 400. In this
30 example, the cooler periodically takes an internal temperature reading with the sensor 390
and sends the temperature (via Bluetooth) to the app on the smartphone 400. The smartphone,
in turn, passes the temperature to the server 60 over the internet via the cellular carrier.
The server may access several databases. One database or portion of a database
has goods-specific temperature rules. This may contain data for defining multiple levels of
16
acceptability of departures from a target temperature for each good (e.g., each SKU) in the
system. FIG. 8 shows one example. In FIG. 8, Range 1 may represent the most narrow target,
with subsequent ranges being less desirable. In this example, the departure is measured as an
instantaneous departure. Others may require a threshold duration in a range before triggering
5 that range. Although the FIG. 8 example lists several ranges for each good, an alternative
defines one temperature or range (e.g.., the most preferred "Range 1") while the remaining
ranges are defined relative thereto (e.g., Range 2 could be up to 5% (of the difference
between the Range 1 max and min) above the Range 1 max. or below the Range 1 min.;
Range 3 could be up to 5% to 10% above the Range 1 max. or below the Range 1 min.;
10 Range 4 could be more than 10% above the Range 1 max. or below the Range 1 min.).
Other databases or portions are customer-specific and contain data for defining
customer-specific actions to be taken for various levels of departure. This may efficiently
build customer satisfaction and loyalty. In one example, a database or portion thereof
associates each customer with one of a small number of pre-defined profiles. FIG. 9 shows an
15 example. As an alternative, the server may in real time determine a profile to associate with
the customer. This may involve applying rules to data taken from a database of customer
orders to associate with a profile. FIG. 10 shows a flowchart for an example having three
pre-defined profiles: profile 1 (new user); profile 2 (intermittent user); and profile 3 (heavy
user). A first database query is whether the customer has less than 5 total prior orders. If yes,
20 then that customer is assigned the new user profile. If no, then a further query is whether the
customer has less than 12 orders in the last 12 months. If yes, then that customer is assigned
the intermittent user profile. If no, then that customer is assigned the heavy user profile. Other
customer use intensity factors could be used. Yet further factors involve things like: paid
premium member status; or geographic location of the customer. The geographic location
25 may be relevant in circumstances such as a new area being opened to delivery service where
it is desired to build goodwill.
A further database or portion thereof (FIGs. 11 and 12) associates each of the
pre-defined profiles with actions to be taken in response to the FIG. 8 departures. In the
illustrated example, the FIG. 11 database associates an action description with an action code.
30 Then the FIG. 12 database associates the action codes with the particular combination of
profile and departure.
A further variation is to create a custom profile for a given customer. For example,
for a departure in a given range the customer may be able to choose between a given discount
on accepting a good and a lesser discount on getting a replacement. The absolute and/or
17
relative discounts or other remedies offered to a given customer may depend on factors
similar to those used in the example above (new customer, intermediate customer, heavy
customer, etc.).
During the delivery journey the driver's smartphone app regularly interrogates the
5 coolers and receives measured temperature from the coolers. The app then transmits this
temperature data back to the server 60 via the wireless carrier and internet. The server
accesses the order database and, for each cooler compares the measured temperatures to the
standards (e.g., the FIG. 8 ranges) for each good in the cooler. For each good in the cooler in
view of the associated range status (Range 1 vs. Range 2, etc.), the server may look up in the
10 FIG. 12 database portion a responsive action code. Depending on the nature of the departure
from Range 1 and the customer profile, the responsive action may be implemented by some
combination of: communication back to the driver's smartphone to remove a good from the
delivery (e.g., instruct the driver to quarantine that good); communication back to the
customer (e.g., via the app on the customer's smartphone; to merely inform of an action or to
15 offer the customer a choice of options); and internal actions such as processing a reorder.
Both the smartphone and the cooler itself may store the temperature history (either
all history or just departures) in their memory/storage (e.g., solid state memory/storage). This
may address communications cycles (e.g., there is cooler-to-smartphone (over Bluetooth) or
smartphone-to-server communication (via the cellular carrier and internet) only at intervals of
20 several minutes or more. It may also address loss of communication (e.g., a temporary lack of
cell reception or when the driver takes his smartphone beyond Bluetooth range (e.g., when
delivering goods from one cooler he may walk out of range of the others). At each cycle or
after resumption of communication, queued data may be relayed.
Given the foregoing tables, assume that Range 2 requires the aforementioned less
25 than 5% departure and Range 3 allows up to 10%. If the temperature of a cooler rises to 6%
more than Range 1 for a particular good, the server will take the Range 3 action as follows. If
the server determines the customer associated with that good is an intermittent user (Profile
2) the server notifies the customer of the temperature error and action and takes the action
(stopping delivery and placing a new order automatically without any additional cost to the
30 customer). If, instead, the server determines the customer to be a new user (Profile 1) or a
heavy user (Profile 3), the server notifies the customer of the temperature error and action and
takes the action (stopping delivery and placing a new order automatically at a discount).
If a Range 2 departure (e.g., 1% in the example above) and a new customer, the
server communicates to the customer a message to give the customer the choice of whether to
18
accept the good at a discount on the purchase price or to have the server stop delivery and
initiate a replacement order without discount. If an intermittent user, no
refund/cancellation/reorder and no communication. If a heavy user, the server stops delivery
and places a new order automatically without any additional cost to the customer.
5 If, a Range 3 departure and the user is a new or heavy user, the server notifies the
customer notified, places a new order without any additional cost to the customer, and
processes a refund greater than the cost of the good. If only an intermittent user, then the
server stops delivery and places a new order only at a discount.
FIG. 13 shows an app screen on the customer smartphone showing status
10 information received from the server 60. Exemplary fields displayed include: delivery status
(e.g., not yet shipped, out for delivery, delivered, and the like); current cooler temperature for
each unique cooler associated with a given order; whether there have been any temperature
departures; the target cooler temperature(s) (e.g., Range 1 above); and the like. FIG. 14
shows the FIG. 13 app screen upon occurrence of one departure. The app may pop the FIG.
15 14 screen up automatically upon notification from the server of a departure. The customer
may click the representation of the departure (e.g., an icon or the numeral " 1 " in the figure to
select. Clicking on the representation brings up an options screen (FIG. 15) if options are
available (e.g., stopping delivery of a good and ordering a replacement for that good as
discussed above).
20 FIG. 16 shows an order list screen of the driver's app during a delivery trip. The
driver may select an order on the screen for further information (FIG. 17). FIG. 18 shows the
FIG. 16 screen upon occurrence of a departure (e.g., a departure requiring a change in
delivery). The FIG. 18 screen highlights the affected order(s) and the driver can then select
one of the orders for further information regarding how to handle (FIG. 19).
25 When the route is complete, the driver returns to the warehouse and returns the
coolers to the pre-cooling room, plugging them in so that they go back to the standby/charge
mode. Or the app may place the coolers in their standby/charge mode. The app communicates
to the server that the coolers are returned. Any memory/storage on the cooler may be cleared
of usage data or otherwise reset either manually or via the app.
30 Although Bluetooth and WiFi short range wireless communications protocols are
referenced, other protocols may be substituted. Similarly although the GPS geolocation
system is referenced other satellite systems may be used as may be non-satellite systems such
as triangulation based on cell towers, WiFi hotspots, and the like.
19
The use of "first", "second", and the like in the description and following claims is
for differentiation within the claim only and does not necessarily indicate relative or absolute
importance or temporal order. Similarly, the identification in a claim of one element as "first"
(or the like) does not preclude such "first" element from identifying an element that is
5 referred to as "second" (or the like) in another claim or in the description.
One or more embodiments have been described. Nevertheless, it will be
understood that various modifications may be made. For example, various of the functions
(and associated programming and data) may be combined, further divided, or otherwise
reapportioned among different devices (servers, smart phones other terminals, and the like).
10 Furthermore, when applied to an existing basic system (e.g., cooler configuration, particular
goods, particular e-commerce ordering system, etc.), details of such configuration or its
associated use may influence details of particular implementations. Accordingly, other
embodiments are within the scope of the following claims.

We Claim:
1. A method for delivering one or more orders of goods (42) to one or more customers
5 using a one or more coolers (100), each cooler comprising:
a compartment (212); and
an environmental control unit (290) including:
a temperature sensor (390);
a radio (370); and
10 a controller (330) coupled to the temperature sensor and radio,
the method comprising:
loading the at least one cooler with goods;
after the loading, transporting the one or more coolers to one or more destinations;
unloading the one or more coolers at the one or more destinations;
15 during the transporting, monitoring, via the associated temperature sensor, respective
temperatures of the one or more coolers;
determining noncompliance of the measured temperature with at least one standard; and
responsive to the noncompliance sending a communication to one or more of the
customers whose orders were subject to the noncompliance.
20
2. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the environmental control unit has a thermoelectric device and a battery for powering the
thermoelectric device to cool the compartment and
the controller is coupled to the thermoelectric device.
25
3. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the monitoring comprises communicating via the radio to a handheld device.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein:
30 the communication requests an instruction on a disposition of the goods subject to the
noncompliance.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the sending comprises a server sending to a customer app.
21
6. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
determining a further action based on at least one of a nature of the noncompliance and a
profile of each of the one or more of the customers whose orders were subject to the
5 noncompliance.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein:
the determining of the further action is performed by one or more devices using a
database of customer-specific information.
10
8. The method of claim 6 wherein:
the determining of the further action is performed by one or more devices using a
database of goods-specific information regarding compliance with said standard.
15 9. One or more devices (60, 400) for managing delivery of one or more orders of goods
to one or more customers using one or more coolers, each cooler comprising:
a compartment; and
an environmental control unit (290) including:
a temperature sensor;
20 a radio; and
a controller coupled to the temperature sensor and radio,
the one or more devices running one or more programs for:
receiving measured temperature data for the one or more coolers;
determining noncompliance of the measured temperature with at least one standard; and
25 responsive to the noncompliance taking a remedial action.
10. The one or more devices of claim 9 wherein:
the remedial action comprises sending a communication to one or more of the customers
whose orders were subject to the noncompliance.
30
11. The one or more devices of claim 10 wherein:
the communication requests an instruction on a disposition of the goods subject to the
noncompliance.
22
12. The one or more devices of claim 9 wherein the program is further configured to:
determine the remedial action based on at least one of a nature of the noncompliance and
a profile of each of the one or more of the customers whose orders were subject to the
noncompliance.
5
13. The one or more devices of claim 9 wherein:
the determining of the remedial action is performed by the one or more devices using a
database of customer-specific information.
10 14. The one or more devices of claim 9 wherein:
the determining of the remedial action is performed by the one or more devices using a
database of goods-specific information regarding compliance with said standard.
15. The one or more devices of claim 9 wherein:
15 the remedial action comprises automatically aborting delivery of the goods subject to the
noncompliance and setting up delivery of a replacement.
16. The one or more devices of claim 9 wherein:
the one or more devices comprise one or more servers (60).
20
17. The one or more devices of claim 9 wherein:
the one or more devices comprise a combination of one or more servers (60) and one or
more portable electronic devices (400).
25 18. A method for delivering one or more orders of goods (42) to one or more customers
using a one or more coolers (100), each cooler comprising:
a compartment (212); and
an environmental control unit (290) including:
a temperature sensor (390);
30 a radio (370); and
a controller (330) coupled to the temperature sensor, and radio,
the method comprising:
loading the at least one cooler with goods;
after the loading, transporting the one or more coolers to one or more destinations;
23
unloading the one or more coolers at the one or more destinations;
during the transporting, monitoring, via the associated temperature sensor, respective
temperatures of the one or more coolers;
determining noncompliance of the measured temperature with at least one standard; and
responsive to the noncompliance, aborting delivery of one or more goods subject to the
noncompliance.
10
15
19. The method of claim 18 further comprising :
ordering replacements for the one or more goods whose delivery was aborted.
20. The method of claim 18 wherein:
the environmental control unit has a thermoelectric device and a battery for powering the
thermoelectric device to cool the compartment and
the controller is coupled to the thermoelectric device.