FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to development of equipment for the selective removal of toxic Metal from the herbal liquid extracts, juice and other fluids. Design mechanism and principle of metal removal from herbal liquid extracts, juice and other fluids was given in present invention.
BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART OF THE INVENTION
Robert Saper, MD, MPH, reported that one of five Ayurvedic herbal medical products (HMPs), produced in South Asia and available in Boston area stores, contains potentially harmful levels of lead, mercury, and/or arsenic.
"We tested Ayurvedic HMPs sold in Boston areas stores and found they had unacceptably high heavy metal content," said Robert Saper, MD, MPH, currently with the Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) Department of Family Medicine and a former research fellow at the Harvard Medical School (HMS) Osher Institute and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.
"This study, yet again, highlights the need for Congress to revisit the way dietary supplements are regulated in the U.S.," said co-author David Eisenberg, MD, the Bernard Osher Associate Professor of Medicine and Director of the HMS Division of Research and Education in Complementary and Integrative Medical Therapies. "Our first priority must be the safety of the public. Over-the-counter herbs and supplements with high levels of heavy metals are simply dangerous," he said.
Ayurvedic medicine originated in India more than 2,000 years ago and relies heavily on herbal medicine products. In India, an estimated 80% of the population uses Ayurveda. In the United States, Ayurvedic remedies have increased in popularity and are available from South Asian markets, Ayurvedic practitioners, health food stores, and on the Internet. Several recent reports of Ayurvedic medicine users developing life-threatening lead toxicity prompted the current study.
The researchers tested 70 HMPs at the New England Regional Environmental Protection Agency Laboratory and found 14 (20 percent) contained lead, mercury, and/or arsenic. Each of the 14, if taken as recommended by the manufacturers, could result in heavy metal intakes above regulatory standards. Several of the HMPs, such as Mahayograj Guggulu and Navratna Rasa, could result in lead and arsenic intakes of 1,000 - 10,000 times greater than the regulatory standards. Half of the HMPs containing potentially toxic heavy metals were recommended by the

manufacturers for use in infants and children. Eleven different manufacturers produced one or more HMPs containing heavy metals. Eighty percent of the 30 stores sold at least one HMP which contained significant amounts of heavy metals.
"Users of Ayurvedic medicines manufactured in South Asia may be at risk for heavy metal toxicity," said Saper, the lead author of the study and Director of Integrative Medicine in the Family Medicine Department at BUSM. "While the exact extent of Ayurvedic HMP use in the U.S. and abroad is unknown, the numbers of individuals at potential risk are substantial. Domestic and international public health and community organizations should issue advisories to current or previous users of Ayurvedic HMPs manufactured in South Asia to consult their physicians about screening for heavy metal toxicity."
Because Ayurvedic HMPs are marketed as dietary supplements, they are regulated under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA), which does not require proof of safety or efficacy prior to marketing. The researchers believe that testing Ayurvedic HMPs should not only be mandatory, but call for reform that would require mandatory testing of all imported dietary supplements for toxic heavy metals.
"In order to investigate the efficacy of commonly used dietary supplements including Ayurvedic remedies we need to test high-quality standardized products free of contaminants and dangerous toxins," said Eisenberg. "This study reminds us of the need for regulatory reform involving dietary supplements used by the American public."
No prior art describes the selective removal of heavy metals by the use of plant and mineral base resins and biosorbents.
Summary of Invention
Herbal remedies, especially Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs), are becoming more popular worldwide. Because they are not regulated and can be purchased "over the counter," it is important to evaluate their safety. With recent technological advances, people are becoming more aware of the risks associated with the presence of heavy metals, such as mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd), in some of these products.
Herbal remedies are very complex and contain many elements over a wide concentration range. In the past, they have been analyzed by a combination of spectroscopic methods, including atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) and atomic emission spectroscopy (AES). These procedures are time-consuming and costly. ICP-MS is fast becoming the technique of choice for the determination of

elements in a wide range of samples because it delivers an unequaled combination of advantages:
• Widest dynamic range (nine orders of magnitude, from 1 pg/mL to 1000 µg/mL)
• Lowest detection limits for trace elements such as toxic heavy metal impurities
• Ability to rapidly and accurately measure multiple elements simultaneously
In a recent study, scientists at the Capital Normal University in Beijing analyzed thirteen toxic elements in seven TCM preparations that were purchased on the market. They used microwave digestion for sample preparation and an Agilent 7500c ICP-MS to determine element concentrations.
The study showed that while the levels of toxic elements were low in most of the natural products, some TCM preparations contained toxic elements that were well above legal limits. For example, the Shugan Pill exceeded both the limit for Hg (0.2 ppm) and As (2.0 ppm), as defined in the 2005 Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.
The Government of India in the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Department of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH) that due to unsatisfactory Agricultural and cultivation practices relating to the medicinal plants used in preparation of Ayurveda, Siddha & Unani (ASU) and general environmental pollution, the presence of heavy metals above the permissible limit therein cannot be ruled out. Therefore, it has become expedient in the interest of public health to introduce mandatory testing for heavy metals for every batch of Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha drug manufactured by all licensees. Now, therefore, in pursuance of the powers conferred under Section 33 EEB of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940, (23 of 1940), Government of India in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy(AYUSH) hereby makes testing for heavy metals namely, Arsenic, Lead, Mercury and Cadmium mandatory for export purposes in respect of every batch of purely herbal Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani drugs by every licensee. Permissible limits for Arsenic, Lead and Cadmium will be as recommended by WHO publication "Quality Control Methods For Medicinal Plants & Materials". In case of Mercury, the permissible limit will

beone ppm.Conspicuous display on the container of purely herbal Ayurveda, Siddha and Unanidrugs to be exported the words "HEAVY METALS WITHIN PERMISSIBLE LIMITS" will bemandatory with effect from 1st January, 2006. ASU Drug manufacturers who do not have in-house laboratory facility shall get theirdrugs tested by any approved drug testing laboratory. This is a process of self-certification for export purposes and the A.S.U. drug Manufacturer will be held responsible if proper batch-wise testing is not done before selfcertification.This process of self-certification would be extended for sale within the country in due course.
Mercury
Inorganic mercuric salts can cause severe nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain,
bloody diarrhoea, kidney damage and failure and potential nervous system effects.
Arsenic
Arsenic salts can cause severe nausea, vomiting, skin disorders, haemorrhagic gastroenteritis, cardiac arrhythmias, anaemia, jaundice, peripheral neuropathy, convulsions and paralysis.
Lead
Can cause abdominal pain, vomiting, kidney damage, peripheral neuropathy,
incoordination, impairment of mental function, convulsions and coma.
Surveys carried out during 2004 in the United States have shown that twenty percent of all Ayurvedic medicines in the Boston area contained potentially harmful levels of lead, mercury and arsenic. Further reports from the United States suggest that a number of patients suffered lead poisoning following the use of a range of unspecified Ayurvedic medicines.
A study from Boston [1] examined Ayurvedic herbal remedies from south Asia and found that many contained high levels of the heavy metals lead, mercury, and arsenic
Study:-Researchers identified all the stores within 20 miles of Boston (Massachusetts, not Lincolnshire), and in mid-2003 visited the stores and bought one package of each Ayurvedic herbal remedy manufactured in south Asia and intended for oral use. No identical product was obtained more than once, but products with the same name but different manufacturer or different formulations were purchased. These were then analyzed for lead, mercury, and arsenic.

Permissible limits: It said that the licensee must check every batch of these drugs before export. The permissible limits for arsenic, lead and cadmium will be, as recommended by WHO, on 'quality control methods for medicinal plants and materials.' In the case of mercury, the permissible limit will be one part per million.
Manufacturers who do not have in-house laboratory facilities will have to get these tested by any approved drug-testing laboratory. The Department of AYUSH has made it clear that such labelling is a process of self-certification for export purposes and the drug manufacturers will be held responsible if proper batch-wise testing is not done.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It has come to the notice of the Department that due to environmental pollution and unsatisfactory agricultural and collection practices relating to the plants used in the preparation of herbal drugs, the presence of heavy metals above permissible limits cannot be ruled out. Hence, it has become necessary to make testing for heavy metals mandatory in every batch of these medicines before export.
The Challenge:
• Heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium, copper, to name a few, are very toxic.
• Toxic heavy metals released by industries poison the environment and threaten natural products supplies.
In the present invention we develop some natural materials for binding and concentrating heavy metals. It offers a promise especially in environmental applications. The invention possesses the unique know-how for the toxic removal process. A family of newly discovered ksorbent materials is derived from selected seaweeds and industrial biomass generated as a by-product of large-scale (pharmaceutical) fermentations New ksorbents are very effective in removing (and recovering) heavy metals from contaminated herbal material effluents. By the

present invention user can effectively remove toxic metals such as arsenic, lead cadmium or uranium from herbal material. The application of present invention is broad; it also offers the ksorption water purification process and engineering services where metal toxicity is threatening the environment or water supply. This concerns particularly mining, ore-processing, metal-plating and such industrial operations as well as drinking-water supply. The process is based on simple flow-through sorption columns that can be easily adapted for many types of different large or small applications. In the herbal material detoxifications process of the metals of interest can also be recovered for recycle. As the Ksorption operation uses simple and common sorption columns, its applications are not only technically feasible but also economically very attractive. Removal of heavy metals by present invention brings the new technology of metal ksorption to its full commercial potential. Opportunities for piloting and installations of ksorption water treatment process columns are welcomed for different types of metal toxicity removal in different parts of the world.
Example
Example-1
We removed the mercury by biosorbent from the leaves of the plant Ricinus communis from aqueous solutions. We evaluated the initial mercury concentrations, contact time and initial pH. The ability of castor leaves to remove mercury at various pH (2-8) was studied. The maximum capacity (Q< sub>max) of biomass was found to be 37.2 mg Hg(II)/g at pH 5.5. Biosorption equilibrium was established in approximately 1 h. The equilibrium data were described well by Languir and Freundlich models. The adsorbed mercury on biomass was desorbed using 10 ml of 4 M HC1 solution.
Example-2

We use the remaining biomass as reused for other biosorption assays. The ability of biomass to adsorb mercury (II) in a column was investigated. These studies consider the possibility of using leaves of castor tree as an inexpensive adsorbent for the removal of Hg (II) from contaminated chemical and mining industry wastewaters. They also reveal that the dried biomass could be simply kept and used in a very low cost metal ion removal system.
Example-3
The theory of biosorption of heavy metals from soil by the plant Ricinus communis was supported another study done Rodriguez-Ortiz, who conducted the study on the capacity of six plant species to accumulate lead in contaminated soils.The also suggest that the use of plant species to clean up soils contaminated with heavy metals represent an alternative and inexpensive technology without disturbing the ecosystems. The were cultivated the following species: Cenchrus ciliaris, Helianthus annus [Helianthus annuus], Ricinus communis, Nicotiana tabacum, Sorghum sudanense, and Brassica campestris in pots in a sandy loam soil artificially contaminated with 0, 500 and 1000 mg Pb kg- soil. These species varied in their capacity to accumulate Pb. In the treatment 500 mg Ph kg- of soil, the Pb extraction capacity (P<=0.05) was: N. tabacum (3.27 and 3.08 mg Pb kg-total dry matter and shoots, respectively) > R. communis > C. ciliaris > S. sudanense > B. campestris > H. annus. In treatment 1000 mg Ph kg- of soil, the order (P<=0.05) was: R. communis (6.79 and 3.94 mg Pb kg- total dry matter and shoots, respectively) > S. sudanense > C. ciliaris > H. annus > N. tabacum=B. campestris. They reported these species as "lead hyperaccumulator".
Example-4

We uses the extraordinary capacity of certain types of microbial and seaweed biomass to bind and concentrate metals. These bio-materials are used dead - just like "magic granules" which remove and concentrate Heavy-metals from herbal extract effluents.
Example-5
Kmass is particularly the cell wall structure of newly discovered biological material which working under ion exchange, complexation, chelation, microprecipitation phenomenon. Kmass is acting just as a chemical substance, as an ion exchanger of biological origin. Reverse to Ksorption is metabolically driven active bioaccumulation by living cells. Our research on Ksorption of heavy metals has led to identification of a number of Kmass types which are extremely effective in concentrating toxic metals. Kmass types, serving as a basis for metal Ksorption processes, can accumulate in excess of 25% of their dry weight in deposited heavy metals: Pb, Cd, U, Cu, Zn, even Cr and others. Process principles are well established and well understood. The difference is in the "magic granules" inside the column - newly discovered Ksorbent. Performing like ion exchange resins, Ksorbent can be also regenerated for multiple re-use: better cost-effectiveness
Example-6
A contemporary high-performance ksorption process uses the most effective column configuration. KSorbent granules inside the column bind metals from flowing solution until they get saturated. Then the column is taken out of operation and the desorption-washing procedure follows directly in the same column

releasing the metal in the concentrated form in the wash solution. Standard process equipment is used: columns, pumps, valves and pipes. Collected metal can be economically routinely recovered for re-sale from pre-concentrated column wash solutions. Any size of operation can be attained by adding columns. Purifying large volumes of contaminated wastewater can be economically feasible only with very cheap new biosorbents.
Example-7
We have selected some plants for the preparation of resins for selectively binds the specific heavy metals. The extraordinary potential of plant materials to bind and concentrate heavy metals offers a promise especially in environmental applications. We designated our newly discovered resins as ksorbent. New ksorbents are very effective in removing (and recovering) heavy metals from contaminated herbal material effluents These ksorbents have ligands and shown to effectively remove a variety of metals. Our invented technology can effectively remove toxic metals such as arsenic, lead cadmium or uranium from herbal material. The application of ksorbent is broad in the detoxification of herbal materials. It offers the ksorption water purification process and engineering services where metal toxicity is threatening the environment or water supply. This concerns particularly mining, ore-processing, metal-plating and such industrial operations as well as drinking-water supply. The process is based on simple flow-through sorption columns that can be easily adapted for many types of different large or small applications. The clientele is indeed world-wide. In the herbal material detoxifications process of the metals of interest can also be recovered for recycle. As the Ksorption operation uses simple and common sorption columns, its applications are not only technically feasible but also economically very attractive.

Claims:
We claim:
1. Design mechanism and development of equipment for the selective removal of toxic Metal from the herbal liquid extracts, juice and other fluids.
2. The Design mechanism of equipment as claimed in claim 1 further comprising the non removal of other active compound from herbal extract or juice.
3. The Design mechanism of equipment as claimed in claim 2 will selectively remove mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd), from herbal liquid extracts without affecting its therapeutic activity.