Description:Field of the invention
The invention leads to development of catalyst by using Tinospora Cordifolia extract and application thereof.
Background of the Invention
References which are cited in the present disclosure are not necessarily prior art and therefore their citation does not constitute an admission that such references are prior art in any jurisdiction. All publications, patents and patent applications herein are incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
Several patents have been issued for plants extract but none of these are related to the present invention. For example, WO2002053166A1 relates to immune modulating pharmacologically and biologically active compositions containing a standardized extract of the plant Tinospora cordifolia, a process for their preparation and their use in dosage forms for healthcare, nutrition and treatment of disorders modulated by the immune system are described. The process includes preparation of an extract from plant parts of T. cordifolia and standardization of the extract by phagocytosis and LC-MS single ion recording assays. Methods of treating immunomodulatory deficiencies in healthcare are also disclosed using the compositions.
Another patent, EP2524695A1 provides a herbal solid formulation comprising Andrographis paniculata, Terminalia arjuna, Azadirachta indica, Trikatu (Zingiber officinalis, Piper longum, Piper nigrum), Tinospora cordifolia, Ocimum sanctum, Withania somnifera, Zingiber officinale, Commiphora mukul or Allium sativum extracts essentially free of excipients and preservatives and process for preparing the same.
Another patent, CN112641829A provides a tinospora root water extract and a new application thereof, the tinospora root water extract can effectively promote the growth of probiotics, can be used for preparing a preparation product for promoting the growth of the probiotics, and can improve the gastrointestinal health of a human body or an animal body.
Another patent, US8057682B2 provides a composition for use in a nutritional product, dietary supplement, food or pharmaceutical composition wherein such composition includes the plant Tinospora cordifolia or Tinospora cordifolia extract and is used to treat allergies, including but not limited to seasonal, perennial, or sporadic allergic rhinitis. The present invention further relates to an extraction process for obtaining such composition.
Another patent, US8057682B2 relates to methods of making and using and compositions of metal nanoparticles formed by green chemistry synthetic techniques. For example, the present invention relates to metal nanoparticles formed with solutions of plant extracts and use of these metal nanoparticles in removing contaminants from soil and groundwater and other contaminated sites. In some embodiments, the invention comprises methods of making and using compositions of metal nanoparticles formed using green chemistry techniques.
Among the various organic contaminants, organic dyes are attracting a significant amount of attention. This is due to the fact that vast quantities of industrially generated wastewater containing organic dyes were released directly into water bodies. For this reason, it is absolutely necessary to look into several methods for removing organic color from water. Heavy metal ions found in water offer a significant threat to the living system due to their high level of toxicity. Decontaminating water that has been tainted by heavy metal ions is therefore a topic that generates a substantial amount of attention among academics. The removal of heavy metal ions from water has traditionally been accomplished by a process known as adsorption, which makes use of solid adsorbents. As adsorbents, solid wastes that have been created by industrial or anthropogenic activities, as well as biomass, have been used; however, these wastes that have been changed by nanomaterials have demonstrated an increase in their performance. As a result, one potential method for the decontamination of water is the modification of wastes by nanomaterials in order to produce composites, followed by the application of such composite materials as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions. Additionally, this is a technique for reusing garbage as well as decontaminating water at the same time.
Tinospora Cordifolia (TnC) is a shrub that belongs to the family Menispermaceae. It is most commonly found in tropical regions, and it includes a variety of alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds. These compounds have functional groups such as hydroxyl (–OH), carbonyl (–CO), and other groups that may efficiently interact with metal ions. This functional material, demonstrated a significant adsorption capability for degradation of dyes. The development of a metal oxide-based biomass adorned functional material, as well as its characterization, dye degradation characteristic, and its reusability, are reported here.
The primary object of the invention is to develop catalyst by using Tinospora Cordifolia extract and application thereof.
The another object of the invention is to develop catalyst.
The another object of the invention is to develop catalyst by using Tinospora Cordifolia extract.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent from the following detailed description.
Summary of Invention
This summary is not a comprehensive overview of the disclosure and does not reflect the main/essential features of the establishment or specify the scope of the establishment. Its sole purpose is to present some of the concepts presented here in a simpler way as a precursor to more detailed explanations presented later.
The primary object of the invention is to develop catalyst by using Tinospora Cordifolia extract and application thereof.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in this invention, nanoparticles by using ethanolic extract of Tinospora Cordifolia (TnC) also known as Giloy in general was synthesized by using green method and was further utilized to treat wastewater containing dye and for removal of heavy metals from the wastewater.
In some embodiments of the present invention, Zinc Chloride was dissolved in 400 mL double-distilled water. Dissolved hydrazine hydrate (1.5 mL, 80 mM) in 400 mL water. Hydrazine hydrate was added to Zinc solution and stirred for 4 h at room temperature. After 10–15 minutes, white precipitates formed in the clear solution.
In some embodiments of the present invention, after stirring for 4 h, solution settled for 1 h before decanting the clear water from the top. The remaining solid solution was centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 15 minutes. To eliminate unreacted reactants, the white precipitate was isolated and washed three times with 100 mL double distilled water.
In some embodiments of the present invention, it was vacuum-dried overnight. powder-XRD characterized the whitish chemical (Zn(OH)2). Similar process was applied for synthesis of Stannous Oxide Nanoparticles as well.
These and other aspects of the embodiments herein will be better appreciated and understood when considered in concurrence with the following explanation and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, that the following descriptions, while indicating preferred embodiments and numerous specific details thereof, are given by way of illustration and not of limitation. Many changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the embodiments herein without departing from the spirit thereof, and the embodiments herein include all such modifications.
Brief summary of the figures
Figure 1. XRD Diffraction Pattern of Synthesized Catalysts
Figure 2. (a) SEM images Stannous Oxide, (b) SEM Zinc Oxide
Figure 3. (a) Degradation by Zinc Oxide NPs, (b) Degradation by Stannous Oxide NPs, (c) Percent Removal of Metals
Detailed Description
These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments and all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in this invention, nanoparticles by using ethanolic extract of Tinospora Cordifolia (TnC) also known as Giloy in general was synthesized by using green method and was further utilized to treat wastewater containing dye and for removal of heavy metals from the wastewater.
In some embodiments of the present invention, Zinc Chloride was dissolved in 400 mL double-distilled water. Dissolved hydrazine hydrate (1.5 mL, 80 mM) in 400 mL water. Hydrazine hydrate was added to Zinc solution and stirred for 4 h at room temperature. After 10–15 minutes, white precipitates formed in the clear solution.
In some embodiments of the present invention, after stirring for 4 h, solution settled for 1 h before decanting the clear water from the top. The remaining solid solution was centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 15 minutes. To eliminate unreacted reactants, the white precipitate was isolated and washed three times with 100 mL double distilled water.
In some embodiments of the present invention, it was vacuum-dried overnight. powder-XRD characterized the whitish chemical (Zn(OH)2). Similar process was applied for synthesis of Stannous Oxide Nanoparticles as well.
In some embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the metal ion removal study was conducted at room temperature and at the normal pH of water (6.8+-0.2). By dissolving the required amounts of salt in double-distilled water, stock solutions of 10, 50, and 100 ppm concentrations.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in a typical experiment, 10 milligrams of ZnO was dispersed in 50 mL of individual stock solutions of metal ions and anions at concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 ppm with 750 rpm of agitation. Micropipettes were used to collect 500 mL aqueous samples at regular intervals of 60 minutes, and the concentrations of metal ions and anions in the samples were analyzed, respectively.
A catalyst by using Tinospora Cordifolia extract consists of:
Tinospora Cordifolia, zinc chloride, and hydrazine hydrate.
A method of development of catalyst by using Tinospora Cordifolia as claimed in claim 1, wherein development of catalyst by using Tinospora Cordifolia extract and application thereof comprising the steps of:
dissolving zinc chloride in 400 mL double-distilled water;
dissolving hydrazine hydrate (1.5 mL, 80 mM) in 400 mL water;
adding hydrazine hydrate to Zinc solution and stirred for 4 h at room temperature;
forming white precipitates in the clear solution, after 10–15 minutes; and
settling the solution for 1 h before decanting the clear water from the top, after stirring for 4 h;
centrifuging the remaining solid solution at 8000 rpm for 15 minutes;
washing the isolated white precipitate three times with 100 mL double distilled water to eliminate unreacted reactants; and
obtaining the whitish chemical (Zn(OH)2) after vacuum-dried overnight.
The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein similar process was applied for synthesis of Stannous Oxide nanoparticles as well.
EXAMPLE 1
EXPERIMENTAL SECTION
In this invention, nanoparticles by using ethanolic extract of Tinospora Cordifolia (TnC) also known as Giloy in general was synthesized by using green method and was further utilized to treat wastewater containing dye and for removal of heavy metals from the wastewater.
Procedure:
Zinc Chloride and Stannous Chloride was purchased from Rankem Industries. Other chemicals and dyes such as Indigo Carmine, Methyl Orange etc were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Tinospora cordifolia (TnC) was collected from Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India. Synthesis and other study was carried out in double distilled water. All chemicals were used without any further purication.
Synthesis:
Zinc Chloride was dissolved in 400 mL double-distilled water. Dissolved hydrazine hydrate (1.5 mL, 80 mM) in 400 mL water. Hydrazine hydrate was added to Zinc solution and stirred for 4 h at room temperature. After 10–15 minutes, white precipitates formed in the clear solution. After stirring for 4 h, solution settled for 1 h before decanting the clear water from the top. The remaining solid solution was centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 15 minutes. To eliminate unreacted reactants, the white precipitate was isolated and washed three times with 100 mL double distilled water. It was vacuum-dried overnight. Powder-XRD characterised the whitish chemical (Zn(OH)2). Similar process was applied for synthesis of Stannous Oxide Nanoparticles as well.
Metal ion Study:
Unless otherwise specified, the metal ion removal study was conducted at room temperature and at the normal pH of water (6.8+-0.2). By dissolving the required amounts of salt in double-distilled water, stock solutions of 10, 50, and 100 ppm concentrations. In a typical experiment, 10 milligrams of ZnO was dispersed in 50 mL of individual stock solutions of metal ions and anions at concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 ppm with 750 rpm of agitation. Micropipettes were used to collect 500 mL aqueous samples at regular intervals of 60 minutes, and the concentrations of metal ions and anions in the samples were analysed, respectively.
The capacity of particles was then calculated using the following eqn (1).
qe=C0-Ce*V/m (1)
where qe: quantity of metal ion/anion adsorbed on the adsorbent at the time of equilibrium, C0: initial concentration of metal ion/anions in aqueous solution, Ce: final concentration of metal ion/anion in aqueous solution at the time t, V: volume of the solution (L) and m: mass of adsorbents (g)
EXAMPLE 2
Characterization:
The well-defined diffraction peaks shown by the synthesized catalysts are proof of the exceptional crystallinity. Several XRD peaks attributed to various crystallographic orientations i.e. 31.710, 34.430, 36.20, 47.40, 56.50,62.950 indicate that ZnO nanoparticles are polycrystalline. Various diffraction peaks in the XRD pattern indicated hexagonal crystal structure of ZnO nanoparticles (JCPDS No: 800075). The diffraction pattern of SnO2 peaks at 2? diffraction angles 26.580, 29.860, 33.780, 38.020, 51.80, 54.80, 61.820 is shown by the XRD data of the sample. These peaks correspond to the crystal phase of cassiterite with a tetragonal rutile structure (JCPDS No: 41-1445).
SEM pictures of typical portions concerning both oxides are shown in figure so that the microstructure of oxides can be better understood. These images can be seen in Figures 2(a), (b). SEM pictures of synthesised SnO2 particles are shown in figures 2(a) while SEM images of ZnO are displayed in figures 2(b). The images are proof of morphologies of both the synthesized catalysts.
Each element contains a unique atomic structure that enables it to create a unique sequence of peaks in its electromagnetic emission spectrum, which makes EDX technique unique. EDX studies are used for analysing the elemental composition of the prepared particles. This approach is exclusively for elemental analysis or chemical characterisation of materials and is based on the interaction between excited X-rays and the sample. The EDX analysis, showed that ZnO particles has weight percentage of 25.3 and 74.7 for O and Zn respectively and is very pure whereas the synthesized particles of stannous has some impurity of Cl. This might be attributed to usage of SnCl2 as salt during the synthesis. But, the weigh percentage of Cl is found to be very less when compared with Sn and O. The weight percentage of Sn, O and Cl was found to be 76.7, 22.2 and 1.1 respectively.
Study of Degradation of Dye:
20 ppm solution of three different dyes were treated by the formed nanoparticles at catalyst loading of 0.25 g/l. In 180 minutes i.e. close to 3 hours, almost 100% degradation activity was shown by the prepared nanoparticles for degrading the dyes. ZnO NPs showed almost 100% degradation for all the dyes but SnO2 showed close to 90% degradation in similar time period. This could be based on the morphology of the prepared nanoparticles.
As zinc oxide showed better percentage for degrading the dyes we selected it for further removal of heavy metals (Fig 3).
Conclusion:
The nanoparticles derived from Giloy was used to degrade three different dyes and it was foundthat Zinc NPs showed better degradation percentage than Stannous. Moreover, they were also utilized to remove heavy metal and were found to degrade them too over a period of 6 hours.
ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION:
By this invention, and by using these prepared catalysts the industrial dyes can be degraded to almost 100%. Moreover, these can be further utilized to removal metals from simulated water.as these are derived from waste materials, they can be termed as best from waste approach.
, Claims:
1. A catalyst by using Tinospora Cordifolia extract consists of:
Tinospora Cordifolia, zinc chloride, and hydrazine hydrate.
2. A method of development of catalyst by using Tinospora Cordifolia as claimed in claim 1, wherein development of catalyst by using Tinospora Cordifolia extract and application thereof comprising the steps of:
a. dissolving zinc chloride in 400 mL double-distilled water;
b. dissolving hydrazine hydrate (1.5 mL, 80 mM) in 400 mL water;
c. adding hydrazine hydrate to Zinc solution and stirred for 4 h at room temperature;
d. forming white precipitates in the clear solution, after 10–15 minutes; and
e. settling the solution for 1 h before decanting the clear water from the top, after stirring for 4 h;
f. centrifuging the remaining solid solution at 8000 rpm for 15 minutes;
g. washing the isolated white precipitate three times with 100 mL double distilled water to eliminate unreacted reactants; and
h. obtaining the whitish chemical (Zn(OH)2) after vacuum-dried overnight.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein similar process was applied for synthesis of Stannous Oxide nanoparticles as well.