Claims:1. A device (100) for continuous monitoring of cardiac health of a person, the device comprising:

a base substrate layer made (104) of a biocompatible, transparent, breathable and elastic polymer;
a sensing layer (106) coated on the base substrate layer, wherein the sensing layer comprises
a pulse sensor (114) for measuring a pulse signal of the person,
a temperature sensor (116) for measuring a body temperature of the person,
a skin humidity sensor (118) for sensing a skin humidity of the person,
an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor (120) comprising of an accelerometer, a gyroscope and a magnetometer for monitoring activities of the person, wherein the pulse signal, the body temperature, skin humidity are referred as a plurality of signals, and
a piezoelectric material layer for harvesting power from the skin motion or movement of the person;
a waterproof covering layer (108) present over the base substrate layer, wherein the waterproof covering layer is configured to encapsulate the sensing layer and securing the device on the skin of the person; and
one or more hardware processors (110) and a memory (112) present in the sensing layer, wherein the one or more hardware processors configured to perform the steps of :
preprocess the captured plurality of signals of the person;
extract a plurality of features from the preprocessed plurality of signals;
send the plurality of features to a decision support system (DSS) application, wherein the DSS application is based on a classifier;
analyze the plurality of features by the DSS application to monitor the cardiac health of the person; and
alert the cardiac health of the person to a caregiver.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is a tattoo device (102).

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is applied on the skin of the person in a serpentine pattern.

4. The device of claim 1 wherein the waterproof covering layer is made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel.

5. The device of claim 1 further comprising a server for hosting the cardiac health of the person.

6. The device of claim 1 further comprising an analog section and a digital section.

7. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is placed above at least one of a carotid artery, a radial artery, a popliteal artery, a brachial artery and posterior tibia artery.

8. The device of claim 1 wherein the temperature sensor is made of a coating of reduced graphene oxide (rGO).

9. The device of claim 1, wherein the pulse sensor is film of a piezoelectric sensing material of organic Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF).

10. A processor implemented method (200) for continuous monitoring of cardiac health of a person using a tattoo device, the method comprising:

placing the tattoo device on one of an atrial pulse location on the body of the person, wherein the tattoo device comprising a classifier, wherein the classifier is pre-generated (202);
capturing a plurality of signals from the person using the tattoo device (204);
preprocessing, via one or more hardware processors, the captured plurality of signals of the person (206);
extracting, via one or more hardware processors, a plurality of features from the preprocessed plurality of signals (208);
sending, via one or more hardware processors, the plurality of features to a decision support system (DSS) application, wherein the DSS application is based on the classifier (210);
analyzing, via one or more hardware processors, the plurality of features by the DSS application to monitor the cardiac health of the person; and
alerting the cardiac health of the person to a caregiver.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the plurality of sensors comprises one or more of a pulse sensor, a humidity sensor, a temperature sensor or an accelerometer.

12. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of extracting the R-R interval from the atrial pulse captured using the pulse sensor.
, Description:FORM 2

THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
THE PATENT RULES, 2003

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See Section 10 and Rule 13)

Title of the invention:
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF CARDIAC HEALTH OF A PERSON

Applicant:
Tata Consultancy Services Limited
A company Incorporated in India under the Companies Act, 1956
Having address:
Nirmal Building, 9th Floor,
Nariman Point, Mumbai 400021,
Maharashtra, India

The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.
TECHNICAL FIELD

[001] The embodiments herein generally relate to the field of cardiac health monitoring. More particularly, but not specifically, the present disclosure provides a tattoo device and method utilizing the tattoo for continuous real time monitoring of cardiac health of a person.

BACKGROUND

[002] Continuous monitoring of a person’s cardiac system during locomotion or day-to-day activities is essential for managing personal cardiac health and disorders such as atrial fibrillation (AF), arrhythmia. In addition to that there is also need of cardiac monitoring without the person’s voluntary contribution.
[003] Currently adapted methods to characterize an individual’s cardiac disorders is established by collecting physiological signals of the person such as Electrocardiogram (ECG) in a control environment or conducting a voluntary study such as treadmill test, Holter system etc. Alternative methods like PPG sensor’s or accelerometer based sensing modality of cardiac pulse senses continuously utilizing some kind of bands or device worn by the person. But bands / devices aren’t exactly chic or unobtrusive, one or other movement there is an intent a person could take-off /remove.
[004] In another cases, the wrist band such as smart watch, phone case or RF signal modality can be used to monitor the heart rate. But these demand the voluntary contribution by an obtrusive manner either by an individual touching a pair of electrode or pair of electrode/device pasted on the skin. These means of acquiring the cardiac signal would either interpret or distract one’s activity and there is a high chance one could ignore the recording device notice, alert, or timing for contribution.
[005] Further, a few prior art talks about using some kind of patch for monitoring the cardiac health of the person, but that also have its own challenges. In addendum, integrating the alternative energy storage techniques in those patches is a challenge and using it for cardiac event detection would require niche skillset handling the acquired data either to locally or remotely process is more critical, as this may lead the user to get panic.

SUMMARY

[006] The following presents a simplified summary of some embodiments of the disclosure to provide a basic understanding of the embodiments. This summary is not an extensive overview of the embodiments. It is not intended to identify key/critical elements of the embodiments or to delineate the scope of the embodiments. It’s sole purpose is to present some embodiments in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented below.
[007] In view of the foregoing, an embodiment herein provides a device for continuous monitoring of cardiac health of a person. The device comprises a base substrate layer, a sensing layer, a waterproof covering layer, one or more hardware processors and a memory. The base substrate layer made of a biocompatible, transparent, breathable and elastic polymer. The sensing layer coated on the base substrate layer. The sensing layer comprises a pulse sensor, a temperature sensor, a skin humidity sensor, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor and a piezoelectric material layer. The pulse sensor measures a pulse signal of the person. The temperature sensor measures a body temperature of the person. The skin humidity sensor senses skin humidity of the person. The IMU sensor comprising of an accelerometer, a gyroscope and a magnetometer for monitoring the activities of the person, wherein the pulse signal, the body temperature, skin humidity are referred as a plurality of signals. The piezoelectric material layer harvests power from the skin motion or movement of the person. The waterproof covering layer present over the base substrate layer, wherein the waterproof covering layer is configured to encapsulate the sensing layer and securing the device on the skin of the person. The one or more hardware processors and a memory present in the sensing layer, wherein the one or more hardware processors configured to perform the steps of: preprocess the captured plurality of signals of the person; extract a plurality of features from the preprocessed plurality of signals; send the plurality of features to a decision support system (DSS) application, wherein the DSS application is based on a classifier; analyze the plurality of features by the DSS application to monitor the cardiac health of the person; and alert the cardiac health of the person to a caregiver.
[008] In another aspect, the embodiment here provides a method for continuous monitoring of cardiac health of a person using a tattoo device. Initially, the tattoo device is placed on one of an atrial pulse location on the body of the person, wherein the tattoo device comprising a classifier, wherein the classifier is pre-generated. Later a plurality of signals is captured from the person using the tattoo device. In the next step, the captured plurality of signals of the person is preprocessed. Further, a plurality of features are extracted from the preprocessed plurality of signals. In the next step, the plurality of features is sent to a decision support system (DSS) application, wherein the DSS application is based on the classifier. The plurality of features are the analyzed by the DSS application to monitor the cardiac health of the person. And finally, the cardiac health of the person is alerted to a caregiver.
[009] It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that any block diagram herein represents conceptual views of illustrative systems embodying the principles of the present subject matter. Similarly, it will be appreciated that any flow charts, flow diagrams, state transition diagrams, pseudo code, and the like represent various processes which may be substantially represented in a computer-readable medium and so executed by a computing device or processor, whether or not such computing device or processor is explicitly shown.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[010] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the disclosed principles.
[011] FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a device for continuous monitoring of cardiac health of a person according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[012] FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a tattoo for continuous monitoring of cardiac health of a person according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
[013] FIG. 3 shows the cross section of the tattoo according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[014] FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of digital section of the device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[015] FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of the analog section of the device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[016] FIG. 6 shows a flowchart for continuous monitoring of cardiac health of a person according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[017] FIG. 7 shows a functional flowchart for the detection of atrial fibrillation using the decision support system (DSS) application according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[018] Exemplary embodiments are described regarding the accompanying drawings. In the figures, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. Wherever convenient, the same reference numbers are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. While examples and features of disclosed principles are described herein, modifications, adaptations, and other implementations are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosed embodiments. It is intended that the following detailed description be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
[019] Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to FIG. 1 through FIG. 7, where similar reference characters denote corresponding features consistently throughout the figures, there are shown preferred embodiments and these embodiments are described in the context of the following exemplary system and/or method.
[020] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a device 100 for continuous monitoring of cardiac health of a person is shown in the block diagram of FIG. 1. In an embodiment of the disclosure, the device 100 is a tattoo 102 which is placed on the body of the person as shown in FIG. 2. In any other embodiments the device 100 could be any other similar device such as patch etc. For the sake of clarity the terms “device”, “tattoo” or “tattoo device” are used as interchangeable in the present disclosure. In an example, the device 100 may also be referred as the PULTOO device. The tattoo 100 is configured to record the radial atrial pulse of the person for continuous monitoring of individual’s cardiac health condition. Particularly, the tattoo 102 is used to determine the cardiac arrhythmia such as Atrial fibrillation (AF), atrial flitter, premature ventricular contractions (PVC), tachycardia, bradycardia by means of sensing the radial atrial pulse. The tattoo 102 can be a permanent tattoo or a temporary tattoo.
[021] Further, continuous monitoring of the cardiac signal will provide an insight of cardiovascular disorder (CVD) and function as aiding tool for physician towards early detection of cardiac events. For instant, monitoring the pulse signal of the person continuously during the day-to-day activities could help for early detection of the cardiac arrhythmia like AF during occurrence.
[022] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the tattoo 102 could be placed in one of the atrial pulse location like carotid artery (neck), radial artery (wrist), popliteal artery (knee), brachial artery (elbow), posterior tibia artery (ankle joints as a sensing mechanism. The tattoo 102 is used in two different modalities, a) personalized tattoo could be provide with conductive ink directly on the skin, b) a polymer patch would be directly in-contact/touching the skin surface of the person.
[023] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the device 100 comprises a base substrate layer 104, a sensing layer 106 and a waterproof covering layer 108 as shown in the cross-sectional view of the tattoo 102 in FIG. 3. The device 100 further comprises one or more hardware processors 110 and a memory 112 in communication with the one or more hardware processors 110. The one or more hardware processors 110 are configured to execute a plurality of algorithms stored in the memory 112. The memory 112 further includes a plurality of modules for performing various functions.
[024] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the base substrate layer 104 is made of a biocompatible, transparent, breathable and elastic polymer. The base substrate layer 104 is polydimethylsiloxane material (PDMS), which is a transparent, breathable, elastic and bio-compatible polymer.
[025] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the base substrate layer 104 is coated with the sensing layer 106 on it with the needed circuitry. The sensing layer comprises a pulse sensor 114, a temperature sensor 116, a skin humidity sensor 118, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor 120 and a piezoelectric material layer. The pulse sensor 114 is configured to measure the pulse signal of the person. The pulse sensor 114 is made of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) material. The temperature sensor 116 is configured to measure the body temperature of the person. The temperature sensor 116 is made of rGO layer. The skin humidity sensor 118 is configured to senses humidity on the skin of the person. The skin humidity sensor 118 is made of an rGO/CNT composite material. The inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor 120 comprising of an accelerometer, a gyroscope and a magnetometer for monitoring the activities of the person, wherein the pulse signal, the body temperature, skin humidity are referred as a plurality of signals. The piezoelectric material layer, which is made of PVDF Material is configured to harvest power from the skin motion or movement of the person.
[026] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the waterproof covering layer 108 present over the base substrate layer 104. The waterproof covering layer 108 is configured to encapsulate the sensing layer 104 and securing the device 100 on the skin of the person. The waterproof covering layer 108 is made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel.
[027] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the device 100 comprises electronics component or circuitry, which are present on the sensing layer106. The circuitry is designed in silver ink with Ag/AgCl electrodes as contacts could be implemented with wireless transceiver and other circuit components. The circuitry of the device 100 includes an analog section and a digital section. The block diagram of the analog section of the device 100 is shown in FIG. 4. The analog section comprises a preprocessing unit having a signal conditioner 122 and a preamplifier 124, a band pass filter 126 and an output amplifier 128.
[028] The physiological signals are normally are low amplitude signals. The preamplifier 124 is a low noise and low power analog amplifier which is used to enhance the strengths of bio-potentials picked by electrode wires for post processing purpose. The band pass filter 126 is used for out of band noise rejection from the acquired bio-potentials where the corner frequencies are programmable, 0.5 Hz – 35 Hz and 0.5 Hz to 106 Hz are two possible bandwidth options useful for lifestyle device or clinical device. The output amplifier 128 is programmable amplifier used to amplify the filtered signal.
[029] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the digital section is present in the one or more hardware processors 110. The one or more hardware processors 110 are configured to perform the steps of preprocess the captured plurality of signals of the person; extract a plurality of features from the preprocessed plurality of signals; send the plurality of features to a decision support system (DSS) application, wherein the DSS application is made using a classifier; analyze the plurality of features by the DSS application to monitor the cardiac health of the person; and alert the cardiac health of the person to a caregiver.
[030] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the decision support system (DSS) application can be present in the mobile/smart phone. The DSS application receives the signal and upload the physiological information to a central server (not shown), where further cardiac clinical analysis can be performed. Smart phone application will have the capability of receiving the individual’s status information like standing, sitting, running and so on from the smart phone sensor.
[031] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the block diagram of the digital section is shown in FIG. 5. the digital section comprises various components as follows:
Microcontroller 130: The microcontroller 130 is embedded with an application to control operations of the analog section and digital section of the device 100.
User switches 132: Switches 132 are used to select device modes and operations, such as for online transmission, SD record, stop and reset functions.
LED indicators 134: The Light emitting diodes (LED) indicators 134 are used to display the operating mode for easy operator’s interface.
Voltage regulator 136. This is an electronic circuit which maintains a constant voltage level at power pins. Low drop out and low quiescent current voltage regulators are utilized for analog, digital and communication sections. The microcontroller has the ON/OFF control over regulators separately for hardware power management.
Power switches 138: These are miniature and sliding toggle switches, which are placed to control the battery power of the system by the user.
Battery charger 140: This is used to charge the batteries. The battery charger automatically receives the power from USB when a USB is connected and uses dynamic power path management to recharge batteries.
SD card driver 142: SD card driver 142 provides standard programming functions, typically for FATY16 and FAT32 formatted cards, which adds USB based SD card interface to applications.
[032] The device 100 is skin-conformable, flexible, bio-compatible and withstand the constant mechanical stress caused by the flexing of the skin for considerable duration. The device 100 detects the fluctuations in the parameters of the blood flow like temperature, blood pressure, would comprise of sensing components, energy source and circuit components. In addendum, the device 100 wired/wirelessly determine the person’s cardiac disorder. This facilitates to alert cardiac health monitoring locally or remote location.
[033] In another embodiment of the disclosure, the device 100 is also configured to provide the stress level of the individual’s based on the estimated pulse rate.
[034] In operation, a flowchart 200 illustrating a method for continuous monitoring of cardiac health of a person using the device is shown in FIG. 6. Initially at step 202, the device 100 is placed on one of an atrial pulse location on the body of the person. The device 100 comprises the classifier, wherein the classifier is pre-generated. The device 100 could be the tattoo 102 or any other similar patch. At step 204, the plurality of signals is captured from the person using the device 100.
[035] In the next step 206, the captured plurality of signals of the person is preprocessed. At step 208, a plurality of features is extracted from the preprocessed plurality of signals. At step 210, the plurality of features are then sent to a decision support system (DSS) application, wherein the DSS application is made using the classifier. At step 212, the plurality of features is analyzed by the DSS application to monitor the cardiac health of the person. And finally at step 214, the cardiac health of the person is alerted to a caregiver.
[036] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, FIG. 7 shows a functional flowchart 300 for the detection of atrial fibrillation using the decision support system (DSS) application. Initially at step 302, raw atrial pulse signal is received from the person using sensors present in the tattoo 102. At step 304, received signal is filtered. At step 306, peak to peak interval is determined from the atrial pulse signal. Further at step 308, a plurality of features are extracted from the raw atrial pulse signal. The plurality of features may include time domain, frequency domain, morphological features, heart rate variability (HRV) features etc. At step 310, a set of features are selected from the plurality of features. At step 312, a training data set is taken from the selected set of features and the classifier is generated. The classifier is then used to create the DSS application. At step 314, a pulse feature set is given to the DSS application. And finally at step 316, cardiac arrhythmia such as AF is detected using the DSS application.
[037] According to another embodiment of the disclosure, the tattoo 102 can also be directly applied on the skin. Initially, an electro spun coating / thin film of piezoelectric sensing material of organic polyvinylidene flouride (PVDF) is coated onto the designated area in a filamentary/fractal serpentine fashion and to increase conformability to the irregular topology of the skin. Further, the device 100 acts as skin temperature sensor, a resistance temperature detector (RTD) based on a thin coating of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) which has excellent sensing properties mainly due to its large specific surface area for adsorption and a wide working temperature range. A similar rGO/CNT composite is used for humidity sensing/monitoring, where the composite structure with increased surface area helps in the easier diffusion and sensing of the water molecules. Contact electrodes of silver paste (Ag/AgCl) (SunChemicals) are printed onto the sensing film for signal transduction with the circuit design printed in conductive silver based ink.
[038] Further, the organic piezoelectric material PVDF integrated with the device would be doubled as an energy harvesting material to power the device from the flexing and the vibrations of the skin. The circuitry is printed with interconnections from conductive ink of silver wherein which the other electronic components are integrated. The tattoo 102 is designed and printed to a tattoo paper using transfer or ink-jet printing with the tattoo as top layer orientation and later it would be applied/ transferred to the skin of the person. A normal temporary tattoo application method can be followed for transfer of the tattoo to the skin. In one scenario, a liquid bandage is applied on top of the tattoo for durability. The whole unit of the device 100 is encapsulated by a flexible adhesive coating of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel which also forms a waterproof cover. Yet another scenario, to improve the sensitive of the signal acquired the Vander waals force method can also be adapted, where the adhesion to the skin is ensured in with sensors of tattoo with Vander waals force.
[039] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the working of the device 100 can also be explained with the help of following example. The disclosure requires minimum of 1 minute of physiological data (pulse palpation). The raw data of mV signal is acquired through tattoo and amplified to Voltage Signal X(n). Raw signals were pre-processed and RR intervals RR(X) were extracted.
[040] RR Interval RR(X) was interpolated and features parameter F(x) were extracted such as peak amplitude, frequency at 95 percentile , frequency at 50 percentile, maxPeak, frequency, MPF (mean power frequency), energy entropy, spectral central frequency, spectral central frequency, total harmonic distortion, Katz Fractal dimension, sample entropy, Higuchi Fractal dimension, MargaosSunKernel entropy, Approximal Entropy, with statistical features like mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, entropy. RR Interval features such as Mean RR, Mean HR, SDNN, HRV Index, Total Power, LF/HF ratio, median RR, minimum RR, maximum RR, range of RR, variance of RR etc.
[041] Extracted feature parameter for all the enrolled users are stored in a database and a statistical model or classifier or matching technique is developed. For instance, classification model like SVM, random forest could be used for enrolled users and a model is generated.
[042] Once the test data or probe data is available, previous steps are performed. Further, the probe is matched to the enrolled database using the statistical model or classifier or matching techniques. During the classification or matching technique, one or more features listed above are then used to determine the AF.
[043] The written description describes the subject matter herein to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the embodiments. The scope of the subject matter embodiments is defined by the claims and may include other modifications that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other modifications are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have similar elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims or if they include equivalent elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.
[044] The embodiments of the present disclosure herein solve the problems monitoring the health of the person without the voluntary contribution of the person. The disclosure provides a device and method for continuous monitoring of cardiac health of a person using a tattoo.
[045] It is to be understood that the scope of the protection is extended to such a program and in addition to a computer-readable means having a message therein; such computer-readable storage means contain program-code means for implementation of one or more steps of the method, when the program runs on a server or mobile device or any suitable programmable device. The hardware device can be any kind of device which can be programmed including e.g. any kind of computers like a server or a personal computer, or the like, or any combination thereof. The device may also include means which could be e.g. hardware means like e.g. an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or a combination of hardware and software means, e.g. an ASIC and an FPGA, or at least one microprocessor and at least one memory with software modules located therein. Thus, the means can include both hardware means and software means. The method embodiments described herein could be implemented in hardware and software. The device may also include software means. Alternatively, the embodiments may be implemented on different hardware devices, e.g. using a plurality of CPUs.
[046] The embodiments herein can comprise hardware and software elements. The embodiments that are implemented in software include but are not limited to, firmware, resident software, microcode, etc. The functions performed by various modules described herein may be implemented in other modules or combinations of other modules. For the purposes of this description, a computer-usable or computer-readable medium can be any apparatus that can comprise, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
[047] The illustrated steps are set out to explain the exemplary embodiments shown, and it should be anticipated that ongoing technological development will change the manner in which particular functions are performed. These examples are presented herein for purposes of illustration, and not limitation. Further, the boundaries of the functional building blocks have been arbitrarily defined herein for the convenience of the description. Alternative boundaries can be defined so long as the specified functions and relationships thereof are appropriately performed. Alternatives (including equivalents, extensions, variations, deviations, etc., of those described herein) will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s) based on the teachings contained herein. Such alternatives fall within the scope and spirit of the disclosed embodiments. Also, the words “comprising,” “having,” “containing,” and “including,” and other similar forms are intended to be equivalent in meaning and be open ended in that an item or items following any one of these words is not meant to be an exhaustive listing of such item or items, or meant to be limited to only the listed item or items. It must also be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[048] Furthermore, one or more computer-readable storage media may be utilized in implementing embodiments consistent with the present disclosure. A computer-readable storage medium refers to any type of physical memory on which information or data readable by a processor may be stored. Thus, a computer-readable storage medium may store instructions for execution by one or more processors, including instructions for causing the processor(s) to perform steps or stages consistent with the embodiments described herein. The term “computer-readable medium” should be understood to include tangible items and exclude carrier waves and transient signals, i.e., be non-transitory. Examples include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), volatile memory, non-volatile memory, hard drives, CD ROMs, DVDs, flash drives, disks, and any other known physical storage media.
[049] It is intended that the disclosure and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope of disclosed embodiments being indicated by the following claims.