Device for the extrusion of filaments and production of

Spinnylies

The invention relates to a device for the extrusion of filaments with a plurality of rows arranged in at least two one behind the other

Extrusion capillaries with extrusion openings for extrusion of a spinning solution with formation of the filaments and a plurality of means for generating gas flow for generating a gas flow oriented at least in the area of ​​the extrusion openings essentially in the direction of the extrusion of the filaments.

The invention also relates to a method for producing a device for the extrusion of filaments.

The present invention is a device for the extrusion of filaments and for the production of spunbonded nonwovens, which fulfills the demand for simplified manufacture, simple assembly, high design diversity and high throughput in that it can be produced from a basic material in one piece and from massive ones There is extrusion columns that are designed in multiple rows and can be designed in such a variety of ways that high throughputs are made possible in the extrusion of fine, geometrically differently shaped filaments, from a wide variety of melts and solutions.

For several decades, a wide variety of processes with a wide variety of nozzles have been used to produce fine fibers and filaments from a wide variety of polymer melts and solutions using a hot gas stream. The fibers or filaments produced in this way can then be deposited as a non-woven fabric on a perforated surface, for example on a drum or a conveyor belt. Depending on the process and polymer used, the nonwoven fabric produced is then either wound up directly or treated first before it is wound up as a roll and made up for sale. In order to further reduce production costs, increasing throughput and reducing energy requirements while maintaining at least the same nonwoven quality are the largest areas of optimization

Spunbond industry.

As described in US3543332, for example polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters, polyvinyl acetate, cellulose acetate and many other meltable or soluble substances can be used as raw materials. Processes have also been developed for the production of spunbonded webs from Lyocell dope, as described in US6306334, US8029259 and US7922943. As a further example, US7939010 describes the production of spunbonded nonwovens from starch. Since the raw materials used are in their

Properties, especially in the rheology, sometimes differ greatly, the demands on flexibility and adaptability of the nozzle design increase.

The nozzles used up to now for the production of spunbonded nonwovens according to the meltblown process can be roughly divided into single-row and multiple-row nozzles.

Single-row nozzles, as described in US3825380, can be used for the production of spunbonded nonwovens from melts and solutions, but depending on the viscosity of the melt or the solution, the pressure loss can be very high and the maximum throughput can therefore be very low. In order to meet the need for finer fibers and higher throughputs, as described in US6245911 and US7316552, further developments were made on the single-row nozzle, but the design is already reaching its limits in terms of geometry and manufacturing technology. For example, in the course of development, the distance between the extrusion capillaries was continuously reduced in order to increase the throughput per nozzle, but this also increased the effort and precession in the manufacture of the nozzle parts, as well as the risk of spinning errors in operation.

In order to increase the throughput, the multi-row needle nozzle described in US4380570 was developed. The melt or solution is extruded through a nozzle with several rows and columns via hollow needles. The throughput per nozzle can be increased compared to a single-row nozzle thanks to the needle field created.

A disadvantage is that the hollow needles have to be held in place by a complex support plate so that they do not vibrate too much or are bent by the surrounding gas flow. Damage to the delicate needles during manufacture and assembly is a constant hazard. The repair can be very complex depending on the extent of the damage and can only be carried out with special production tools such as laser drills and laser welders. The support plate also creates additional

Manufacturing effort and also a pressure loss in the gas flow in the nozzle.

At the lower end of the nozzle, the hollow needle protrudes through a gas flow outlet plate. The gas flow outlet plate is required to keep the gas flow evenly around the

To distribute hollow needles and to accelerate them to high exit velocities. In the simplest case, a gas flow exit hole is arranged around each hollow needle, from which the hot gas flow exits and entrains the filaments. Although this nozzle design achieves throughputs in the range from 10kg / h / m to 500kg / h / m, the production is the

Assembly, operation and cleaning are very complex. The design also does not offer the necessary flexibility to be adapted for a wide variety of raw materials and still achieve high throughputs. US5476616, US7018188 and US6364647 have already optimized the design of the hollow needles, the support plate and the gas outlet plate, but even with these optimized designs, the risk of leaks due to the large number of parts and of damaged needles is very high. Since the needles can be between 20mm and 70mm long, for example, the

Pressure loss within the needle nozzle higher than with the single-row nozzle. With longer nozzles, this leads to static problems due to deflection. For economic reasons, however, the development should be geared towards longer nozzles, up to 5m in length and beyond, in order to increase the working width, the throughput and the profitability of the systems.

In addition to the nozzle types already mentioned, there are also alternative designs such as the Laval nozzle according to US7922943, which also consists of many individual parts and does not meet the requirements for high throughputs and simplicity in production and assembly.

Since up to now there has not been a design for either the single-row or the multi-row nozzles that can be manufactured, assembled and operated with little effort and since the demand for higher throughputs, longer nozzles, lower

Operating costs and at least constant fleece qualities from a wide variety of raw materials, it is the object of the present invention to provide

To meet requirements with a new nozzle design:

• The aim of the present invention is to simplify the manufacture, assembly and operation of the nozzle as much as possible, but the

Design leeway in the direction of the extrusion capillary, outlet geometry of the extrusion opening and air duct, for the production of different

Fiber geometries and nonwovens to expand as much as possible.

Another aim of the present invention is to reduce the pressure loss both on the side of the melt or solution and on the side of the gas flow

minimize. This is intended on the one hand to increase the throughput per meter of nozzle length and on the other hand to reduce the deflection of the nozzle in order to be able to manufacture longer nozzles with little effort.

According to the invention, the present object is achieved in that the extrusion capillaries are arranged in extrusion columns which protrude from a base plate and are formed in one piece with this base plate.

The present object is also achieved by a method for producing the device for extruding filaments.

Preferred embodiments of the present inventions are set out in

Described subclaims.

The device according to the invention comprises extrusion columns formed in one piece with the base plate, the base plate and the extrusion columns being formed together in one piece from a base material. This new type of nozzle consists of massive extrusion columns that are multi-row and large

Allow diameter, low pressure losses and high throughputs on the part of the melt or solution.

The device according to the invention can be made from one production method from the field of subtractive production, such as milling or etching

Base material block can be manufactured. The base material can be a metal, for example. Further subtractive manufacturing methods emerge from this exemplary reference for the person skilled in the art. Alternatively, the device according to the invention can by

Manufacturing methods from the field of additive manufacturing such as three-dimensional printing processes are produced. Selective laser melting and melt layering are mentioned here as examples. For the person skilled in the art, further additive manufacturing methods result from this exemplary reference. Furthermore, the device according to the invention can be produced by primary shaping or shaping, for example by casting.

The extrusion opening can nevertheless be made small and in different geometries in order to produce fine fibers and filaments with the most varied of shapes, with small amounts of air.

In order to better illustrate the invention, the essential features are shown in the following figures using preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention:

FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of the device according to the invention with extrusion columns, extrusion capillaries, gas supply openings and a gas flow distributor.

Figure 2 shows the device according to the invention in a perspective view.

FIG. 3 shows various shapes of the external geometry of extrusion columns

Contraption.

FIG. 4 shows various shapes of the internal geometry of the extrusion capillaries of the device.

FIG. 5 a and FIG. 5 b show various design forms of the geometry of an inlet section in schematic side views.

FIG. 5 c shows various design forms of the geometry of an inlet section and the arrangement of extrusion capillaries in a top view.

FIG. 6 shows different forms of extrusion openings at the outlet of the

Extrusion capillaries.

FIG. 7a shows a gas flow outlet plate for influencing the air flow at the outlet and various geometries of the gas outlet openings in a schematic side view.

FIG. 7b shows a gas flow outlet plate for influencing the air flow at the outlet and various geometries of the gas outlet openings in a schematic plan view.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of a preferred embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention for the extrusion of filaments 2. The device 1 has a plurality of extrusion capillaries 3 arranged in at least two rows one behind the other. The extrusion capillary 3 have extrusion openings 4 for the extrusion of a spinning solution with the formation of filaments 2. The device 1 further comprises a plurality of means 7, 8, 10 for gas flow generation for generating a gas flow oriented at least in the area of ​​the extrusion openings 4 essentially in the direction of the extrusion of the filaments 2. The extrusion capillaries 3 are arranged in the device 1 according to the invention in extrusion columns 6 protruding from a base plate 5 and formed in one piece with this base plate 5.

The means 7, 8, 10 for generating gas flow include a gas flow distributor 8 (not shown in detail) and at least two gas supply openings 7 which are arranged adjacent to the base plate 5. According to a further embodiment of the

The device also includes the means for generating gas flow gas outlet openings 10, which are shown in Figures 7a and 7b

Designed essentially perpendicular to the direction of extrusion of the filaments 2 oriented gas flow.

FIG. 1 also shows the device 1 with extrusion columns 6, extrusion capillaries 3 and gas flow channels 9. The melt or solution enters the extrusion capillary 3 at the top and is extruded as filament 2 at the bottom. The gas flow occurs laterally over the

Gas supply openings 7 in the gas flow distributor 8 and is guided in a gas flow channel 9 to the individual extrusion columns 6 and deflected by the extrusion columns 6 in the direction of the extrusion opening 4.

It has been shown that the device 1 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 can be manufactured in one piece. All geometries required for the manufacture of spunbonded nonwovens can be incorporated into a block of base material using a wide variety of manufacturing processes or are created together from the base material during manufacture, for example by casting or additive manufacturing methods. The internal geometry of the extrusion columns 6 is important for the extrusion conditions of the melt or solution, since the pressure loss can be drastically reduced.

Surprisingly, it has been shown that the production of nonwovens from melts and solutions with the present invention also works without gas flow outlet plates (which are necessary in devices of the prior art). The outer

The geometry of the extrusion columns 6 and their arrangement with respect to one another, that is to say the shape of the gas flow channel 9 resulting therefrom, is sufficient to deflect and accelerate the gas flow and to stretch the extruded filaments 2.

According to the invention, no support plates are required because the

Extrusion columns 6 are stable enough and cannot be bent or caused to vibrate by the gas flow.

The melt or the solution enters the extrusion capillary 3 and flows to the extrusion opening 4. At the same time, a gas flow is fed to both longitudinal sides of the device 1 via the gas flow distributor 8 and the gas supply openings 7, essentially perpendicular to the direction of the extrusion of the filaments. The gas flow is directed through the gas flow channel 9 created between the extrusion columns 6. Since the gas flows collide from both sides, they are directed along the extrusion columns 6 in the direction of the extrusion opening 4 and accelerated. When exiting the extrusion capillary 3, the extruded melt or solution filament is entrained and stretched by the hot gas stream at high speed.

One advantage of the device 1 is that, in contrast to a needle nozzle, it can be manufactured from the base material in one piece or from a base material block, and that no long, thin tubes have to be inserted into a plate and laboriously welded or glued. The gas flow channels 9 are removed mechanically, for example, and the extrusion columns 6 result from this at the same time. This simplifies the manufacture of the device 1 and increases the stability. This also means that it is not necessary to manufacture and install support plates. There is also no longer any risk of needles being bent during the manufacture or assembly of the device 1.

The gas flow entering via the gas flow distributor 8 is directed via the gas flow channels 9 and accelerated in the direction of the extrusion opening 4. Surprisingly, it has been shown that this deflection through the gas flow channels 9 increases at 0.1 to 3 bar, preferably 0.3 to 1.5 bar, even more preferably at 0.5 to 1.0 bar gas flow admission pressure

Speeds of 20 to 250 m / s at the extrusion opening 4 without having to use a gas flow outlet plate. As a result, nonwovens can also be produced with the device 1 without conveying the gas through a gas flow outlet plate 11. In this way, a further nozzle part can be saved in order to reduce the effort involved in manufacturing, assembling and operating the device 1.

A gas outlet plate 11 is also provided in FIG. Gas outlet plates 11, in particular with the most varied of geometries, see FIG. 7, can optionally also be used in order to influence the stretching of the filaments 2, the fleece deposit, the product quality and the amount of gas required.

In these gas outlet plates 11, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 7, gas outlet openings 10, which are arranged in the region of the extrusion openings 4, can optionally be provided in addition to the gas supply openings 7. The

Gas outlet openings 10 can either be designed to generate a gas flow oriented in the direction of extrusion or, in the event that gas supply openings 7 are already provided adjacent to the base plate, to discharge the gas already through the

Gas supply openings 7 generated gas flow be designed in the direction of extrusion.

In one embodiment of the device 1, the gas outlet plate 11 is formed in one piece with the base plate 5 and the extrusion columns 6. These are in turn manufactured in one piece from the base material.

The device 1 manufactured in accordance with one of the previously described embodiment variants is attached to a melt or solution distributor on the top. The gas flow distributor 8 can be connected to the gas flow supply line either on the long sides, on the broad side, or on the top of the device 1. Since the device 1 consists of a solid piece of base material, heating systems (e.g. hot water, oil, steam, electric heaters, ...) can be installed with little effort in order to improve the spinning stability and the evenness of the

Increase nonwoven quality.

The gas flow feed via the gas flow distributor 8 to the extrusion columns 6 takes place, as shown in FIG. 2, evenly over the two longitudinal sides of the device 1. FIG. 2 shows that the entire device 1, as described herein, can be manufactured in one section. In the case of larger devices it is of course also possible to build them up from several sections manufactured as described herein (not shown), which can be connected to one another in the usual way to form a device. Each section forms a segment of the entire device 1, the manufacturing and operating advantages described above being completely retained compared to the devices in the prior art.

When manufacturing the section or sections are many geometries and

Variations possible. The extrusion capillaries 3 (not shown in FIG. 2) can be drilled, for example, while the extrusion columns 6 are out of the

Base material block can be milled or cast with the section. Other manufacturing processes are also possible depending on the geometry. The extrusion columns 6 can also be combined into groups over the width of the device 1, as long as the gas flow distribution is guaranteed. The height and the shape of the outlet from the gas flow distributor 8, not shown in FIG. 2, can vary. The amount of the

The outlet channel should be in the range from 5mm to 100mm, preferably 10mm to 50mm, even more preferably between 15mm to 30mm. The length of the gas flow distributor 8 should extend at least from the outermost row of extrusion columns on one side to the last row of extrusion columns on the opposite side, so that all of them

Extrusion columns 6 are evenly supplied with the gas stream. For reasons of stability, it may be necessary that the gas flow distributor 8 has to be interrupted by webs in order to ensure the stability of the component. Furthermore has

It has been found that it makes sense to polish the surface of the parts carrying the gas flow in order to minimize turbulence before it exits the gas flow distributor 8. The

The outlet geometry of the gas flow distributor 8 can be manufactured in a wide variety of shapes. Some examples are a continuous rectangular gap, several

interrupted rectangular column and several circular, trapezoidal, triangular cross sections. In addition to the examples mentioned, further geometries, combinations of the geometries and different geometries are possible in the device 1.

Part of the gas flow exiting from the gas flow distributor 8 via the gas supply openings 7 collides with the first row of extrusion columns and is directed towards

Extrusion opening 4 deflected. The rest of the gas flow flows in the gas flow channel 9 between the extrusion columns 6 into the inner rows until it hits the gas flow from the other side of the device. This apparently creates a cone that supports the

Directs gas flow along the inner rows of extrusion columns to the extrusion outlet. This deflection effect already works with a row of extrusion columns. The number of rows of extrusion columns that can be supplied with the gas flow without the need for an additional gas outlet plate 11 is, for example, between one and thirty rows, preferably between two and twenty rows, more preferably between three and eight rows, depending on the extrusion column design and gas channel width . In addition to the examples mentioned, further geometries, combinations of geometries and different geometries are possible in the device 1.

FIG. 3 shows that the external geometry of the extrusion columns 6 can assume the most varied of shapes. Depending on the shape of the extrusion columns 6, there is a different shape of the gas flow channel 9 and the gas flow is deflected differently. Guide wedges can also be formed in the gas flow channel 9 in order to influence the flow.

In order to promote the gas flow deflection, the outer geometry and the arrangement of the extrusion columns 6, as shown in FIG. 3, can be varied. The outer geometries can, for example, be continuous, graduated, repeatedly graduated, cylindrical, conical, as a cuboid, as an obelisk, as a pyramid, or as a combination of different geometries. The external geometry of the extrusion columns 6 is preferably from the group consisting of cylindrical, conical, cuboid, obelisk-shaped,

pyramidal or mixtures thereof selected. “Mixture” is understood to mean that the external geometry changes over the length of the extrusion column

Extrusion column 6 can, for example, be cylindrical over a large part of its length, but designed as a cone at its tip.

The extrusion columns 6 can either be the same or different in length

To produce variations in the fiber count.

The length of an extrusion column 6 from the foot to the tip can be between 10 mm and 200 mm, preferably 20 mm and 100 mm, even more preferably between 30 mm and 60 mm. For cylindrical extrusion columns 6, the outer diameter, depending on

The internal geometry of the extrusion capillary 3 and the length of the extrusion column 6 can be between 3 mm and 30 mm, preferably between 6 mm and 20 mm, even more preferably between 9 mm and 15 mm. With conical extrusion columns 6, the diameter of the

Base area between 3mm and 30mm, preferably between 6mm and 20mm, even more preferably between 9mm and 15mm. The tip of the cone can taper up to a diameter of 0.1 mm. In the case of cuboid extrusion columns 6, obelisks and pyramids, the side length is between 3 mm and 30 mm, preferably between 6 mm and 20 mm, even more preferably between 9 mm and 15 mm. In addition to the examples mentioned, further geometries, combinations of the geometries and different geometries are possible in the device 1.

The extrusion columns 6 can also be heated or cooled to the

Improve spinning stability.

Figure 3 shows that the gas flow channel 9 between the extrusion columns 6 through

Flow wedges 13, gradations and other geometries can be changed in order to optimize the deflection of the gas flow. Depending on the total length of the device 1, number of rows, width and geometries of the extrusion columns 6, the width of the gas flow channel 9 results. The width of the gas flow channel 9 is in the range from 1 mm to 50 mm, preferably 2 mm to 40 mm, even more preferably 3 mm to 30 mm. The gas flow channel 9 between the extrusion columns 6 can be omitted within a column. This creates a wide extrusion column 6 with several extrusion capillaries 3. It has been found that the surfaces of the extrusion columns 6 and of the gas flow channel 8 should be polished in order to minimize turbulence. In addition to the examples mentioned, there are other geometries

According to a preferred embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention, an extrusion capillary 3 is provided for each extrusion column 6. In an alternative

In a variant embodiment, the device 1 has at least one extrusion column 6 in which two or more extrusion capillaries 3 are arranged. The device 1 shown in FIG. 3 has, for example, two completely separate extrusion capillaries 3 with associated extrusion openings 4, which are arranged in a common extrusion column 6.

In principle, there are also design variants with a high number

3 extrusion capillaries per extrusion column 6 possible. This has the advantage that the device is suitable for producing a large number of different spunbonded nonwovens from a wide variety of materials.

FIG. 4 shows that the inner geometry of the extrusion capillaries can take 3 different forms. Depending on the shape, the flow of the melt or the solution is influenced differently and the pressure loss and the spinning behavior are changed.

Since the extrusion columns 6 take up more space than, for example, the needles of a multi-row needle nozzle from the prior art, the throughput per hole must be much higher in order to achieve the necessary throughputs. For this purpose, the geometry of the extrusion capillary 3 must be adapted to the theological properties of the materials used. Figure 4 shows that in the device 1, the geometry of

Extrusion capillaries 3 can be varied as required in order to reduce the pressure loss for different melts and solutions for high throughputs as far as possible. The extrusion capiUaren 3 can for example be continuous, stepped, stepped several times, cylindrical, conical, cuboid, obelisk, pyramid, or a combination of different geometries. A

Extrusion capillary 3 can, for example, be cylindrical over the majority of its length, but the tip can be designed as a cone. The top of the cone can extend up to one

Taper diameter of 0.09mm. The ExtrusionkapiUaren 3 can either be the same or different lengths to produce variations in the fiber fineness. As already mentioned, the extrusion capillaries 3 can additionally be heated or cooled in order to improve the spinning stability. As shown in FIG. 4, according to a preferred embodiment variant of the device 1, the extrusion capillary 3 has an inlet section 12, the geometry of which differs from that of the remaining sections of the extrusion capillary 3.

According to a further embodiment variant of the device 1, at least one extrusion capillary 3 has, for example, two or more extrusion openings 4, as shown by way of example in FIG.

Figures 5a, 5b and 5c show that the inlet geometry of the inlet section 12, the cross-section and the arrangement or overlap of the extrusion capillaries 3 can be very different. In FIGS. 5 a to 5 c, different variations of the geometry of the inlet section 12 of the extrusion capillaries 3 are shown, with FIGS. 5 a and 5b showing different geometries of the inlet section 12 in a side view, and FIG. 5c showing a top view of different inlet sections 12. The geometry of the inlet section 12 of the extrusion capillaries 3 can be varied as required in order to reduce the pressure loss for different melts and solutions for high throughputs as much as possible. that the geometry of the inlet section 12 can be made cylindrical or conical. It has been shown that there can be a distance or an overlap of the geometries of the inlet section 12 between the individual inlet shapes. In the top view of Figure 5c it is shown that the geometry of the inlet section 12 of the

Extrusion capillary 3 can also be square, rectangular, circular and elliptical. In addition to the examples mentioned, further geometries, mixtures of geometries and different geometries are possible in the device 1. “Mixing” is again to be understood that the geometry of the inlet section 12 changes over its length. FIG. 5c further shows that several extrusion openings 4 can be supplied from a common inlet section 12. This inlet section 12 can also supply an extrusion capillary 3, with which these extrusion openings 4 are connected.

Figure 6 shows different shapes of the extrusion opening 4 at the outlet of the

Extrusion capillary 3. The extrusion opening 4 at the outlet of the extrusion capillary 3 can be shaped very differently. This results in different

Filament geometries and product properties. The extrusion opening 4 of

Extrusion capillary 3 specifies the cross-sectional shape of the extruded filament 2 and can have a wide variety of geometries. As shown in FIG. 6, the extrusion opening 4 can be circular, elliptical, triangular, square, rectangular, as a gap, as a semicircle, as a crescent, as a star, as a trapezoid, as an L-shape, as a T-shape, as a U- Shape, as a Y-shape or as a Z-shape. Furthermore, the extrusion opening 4 can also be designed in an H-shape. The diameter in the case of a circular

Extrusion opening 4 can be between 90μιη and 700μιη, preferably between 150μιη and

500μηι, even more preferably between 200μιη and 400μιη. In addition to the examples mentioned, other geometries, combinations of geometries and different geometries are possible in the device 1.

FIG. 7a shows a gas flow outlet plate 11 in a schematic side view, and FIG. 7b shows a further gas flow outlet plate 11 in a plan view. The

Gas flow outlet plate 11 can be used to influence the air flow at the outlet. The geometry of the gas outlet openings 10 is very diverse

Variants possible. This makes it possible to generate further variations in filament formation and nonwoven manufacture. The geometry of the

Gas outlet opening 10 can be circular, rectangular, square, or triangular, for example. In the case of circular gas outlet openings 10, the diameter is in the range 1mm to 15mm, preferably between 1.5mm to 10mm, even more preferably between 2mm to 8mm. The holes can be conical or cylindrical, for example. The gas exit can take place before or after the extrusion opening 4. The gas outlet opening 10 can surround one or more extrusion openings 4. In addition, further gas outlet openings 10 can be present in the gas flow outlet plate 11 without surrounding an extrusion opening 4. The gas flow outlet plate 11 can also be formed from a plurality of plates, pins, bars and wires. In addition to the examples mentioned, there are other geometries

At least some of the extrusion columns 6 of the device 1 according to the invention can, according to an embodiment variant of the device 1, differ from another part of the

Extrusion columns 6 selected in at least one property from the length of the

Extrusion column 6, the external geometry of the extrusion column 6, the external diameter of the extrusion column 6, the presence of an inlet section 12 of the extrusion capillary 3, the geometry of the inlet section 12 and the geometry of the extrusion openings 4.

In a further embodiment variant, the device 1 has an essentially rectangular basic shape. This achieves manufacturing advantages.

FIG. 7b also shows that several extrusion openings 4 can be supplied through the same gas flow outlet opening 10. For those within a

Gas flow outlet opening 10 lying extrusion openings 4 are

Extrusion openings 4 to a common extrusion column 6, which is not shown in Figure 7b.

The invention described represents an improvement compared to known nozzles in terms of manufacturing effort, design variety, throughput, assembly, scalability to long lengths and operation. e.g. EVA), as well as terpolymers, polyesters, polyamides, polyvinyls, nylon, PC, and other suitable raw materials can be used. Polyolefms such as PP, PE, LDPE, HDPE, LLDPE, are preferably used as homopolymer or co-polymer. Also

Cellulose acetate, starch solutions and lyocell solutions can be used with the present invention and the advantages mentioned for the production of filaments and

Spunbonded fabrics are used.

The device 1 can thus be used for the extrusion of filaments 2 and for the production of spunbonded fabrics from a wide variety of polymeric materials. These include in particular melts of thermoplastics such as polypropylene, polystyrene, polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, EVA, EMA, EVOH, meltable copolymers, PBT, PPS, PMP, PVA, PLA or Lyocell spinning mass, the use of Lyocell spinning mass being particularly preferred .

The generic name "Lyocell" was assigned by BISFA (The International Bureau for the Standardization of Man Made Fibers) and stands for cellulose fibers which are produced from solutions of cellulose in an organic solvent. Tertiary amine oxides, in particular N-methyl, are preferred as solvents -morpholine-N-oxide (NMMO). A process for the production of Lyocell fibers is described, for example, in US 4,246,221 A. Other possible solvents are often under the

Collective term "ionic liquids" summarized.

As already mentioned, in the production of nonwovens with the device 1, the melt or the solution is pumped through the device 1, stretched with hot air and deposited as a nonwoven on a drum or a conveyor belt. Depending on the raw material, the produced fleece can either be wound up directly or has to be washed, treated and dried beforehand. Depending on the raw material used, the design of the present invention can be adapted so that temperatures between 20 ° C. and 500 ° C., preferably 50 ° C. to 400 ° C., even more preferably between 100 ° C. and 300 ° C. can be operated for as long the raw material and the fabric produced are not damaged by the temperature. According to the invention, the device 1 can be made so massive that on the melt side pressures between 10 bar and 300 bar, can act preferably between 20bar and 200bar, even more preferably between 30bar and 150bar. The throughputs of melt or solution and the gas flow required to produce the nonwoven can vary greatly depending on the raw material used, the distance between the device 1 and the tray, the nozzle design and the temperature used. The usual throughput of melt or solution per extrusion hole is in the range from lg / hole / min to 30g / hole / min, preferably 2g / hole / min to 20g / hole / min, even more preferably between 3g / hole / min and 10g / Hole / min. For a device 1 with a length of 6 rows and 100 columns, this corresponds to a throughput of The solution and the gas flow required to produce the fleece can vary greatly depending on the raw material used, the distance between the device 1 and the shelf, the nozzle design and the temperature used. The usual throughput of melt or solution per extrusion hole is in the range from 1 g / hole / min to 30 g / hole / min, preferably 2 g / hole / min to 20 g / hole / min, even more preferably between 3 g / hole / min and 10 g / Hole / min. In the case of a device 1 with a length of 6 rows and 100 columns, this corresponds to a throughput of The solution and the gas flow required to produce the fleece can vary greatly depending on the raw material used, the distance between the device 1 and the shelf, the nozzle design and the temperature used. The usual throughput of melt or solution per extrusion hole is in the range from 1 g / hole / min to 30 g / hole / min, preferably 2 g / hole / min to 20 g / hole / min, even more preferably between 3 g / hole / min and 10 g / Hole / min. In the case of a device 1 with a length of 6 rows and 100 columns, this corresponds to a throughput of

1080kg / h / m. As a result, the throughput of the device 1 is higher than with the needle nozzle and much higher than with the single-row nozzles. The usual range for the amount of

Gas flow in kg of gas per kg of melt or solution is between 10-300 kg / kg, preferably 20 kg / kg to 200 kg / kg, even more preferably between 30 kg / kg and 100 kg / kg. Since the device 1 can be manufactured up to a length of 5 m and beyond, fleece widths of 5 m and beyond can be achieved. Depending on the device design, raw material and operating parameters, the manufactured products have fiber diameters of Ιμιη to 30μιη, preferably 2μιη to 20μιη, even more preferably between 3μιη and ΙΟμιη. Depending on the throughput, and the transport speed can with the inventive device nonwoven fabrics having basis weights between 5 g / m 2 and 1000g / m 2 , preferably 10g / m 2 and 500g / m 2 , even more preferably between 15g / m 2and 200g / m 2 .

The device 1 according to the invention for the extrusion of filaments 2 is produced in a process which includes the step of producing the base plate 5, the

Extrusion columns 6, optionally the gas supply openings 7 and further optionally the gas outlet plate 11 in one piece by common molding from a base material.
Patent claims:

1. Device (1) for the extrusion of filaments (2) with a plurality of extrusion capillaries (3) arranged in at least two rows one behind the other with extrusion openings (4) for extrusion of a spinning solution to form the filaments (2) and a plurality of means (7, 8, 10) for generating gas flow to generate an at least in the area of ​​the extrusion openings (4) in the

Gas flow oriented essentially in the direction of the extrusion of the filaments (2), characterized in that the extrusion capillaries (3) protrude from a base plate (5) and are formed in one piece with this base plate (5)

Extrusion columns (6) are arranged.

2. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (7, 8, 10) for generating gas flow contain at least two gas supply openings (7) which are arranged adjacent to the base plate (5), are opposite one another and for generating an im Area of ​​the gas supply openings (7) are designed substantially perpendicular to the direction of extrusion of the filaments (2) oriented gas flow.

3. Device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the

Outer geometry of the extrusion columns (6) from the group consisting of

cylindrical, conical, cuboid, obelisk-shaped, pyramidal or

Mixtures thereof is selected.

4. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extrusion capillaries (3) have an inlet section (12) whose geometry differs from that of the remaining sections of the extrusion capillary (3).

5. Device (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the geometry of the inlet section (12) is selected from the group consisting of cylindrical, conical, square, rectangular, circular, elliptical and mixtures thereof.

6. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the geometry of the extrusion openings (4) from the group consisting of circular, elliptical, triangular, square, rectangular, T-shaped, H-shaped, U-shaped, Y-shaped and Z-shaped is chosen.

7. The device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one part of the extrusion columns (6) is selected from another part of the extrusion columns (6) in at least one property

- length of the extrusion column (6)

- External geometry of the extrusion column (6)

- Outside diameter of the extrusion column (6)

- Presence of an inlet section (12) of the extrusion capillary (3)

- Geometry of the inlet section (12)

- Geometry of the extrusion openings (4)

differs.

8. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means (7, 8, 10) for gas flow generation optionally additionally

Contain gas outlet openings (10), which are arranged in the region of the extrusion openings (4) and are designed to generate a gas flow oriented in the direction of the extrusion or, in the event that gas supply openings (7) are provided adjacent to the base plate (5), to the outlet of the Gas flow are designed in the direction of extrusion.

9. Device (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the device (1) comprises a gas outlet plate (11), wherein the gas outlet openings (10) are formed in the gas outlet plate (11).

10. The device (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the

Gas outlet plate (11) is formed in one piece with the base plate (5) and the extrusion columns (6).

11. Device (1) according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that the device (1) has a substantially rectangular basic shape.

12. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an extrusion capillary (3) is provided for each extrusion column (6).

13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the device (1) has at least one extrusion column (6), in which two or more extrusion capillaries (3) are provided.

14. Use of a device (1) according to one of the preceding claims for the extrusion of filaments (2) and for the production of spunbonded fabrics from a wide variety of polymeric materials, in particular from melts of

Thermoplastics such as polypropylene, polystyrene, polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, EVA, EMA, EVOH, meltable copolymers, PBT, PPS, PMP, PVA, PLA or Lyocell spinning mass, particularly preferably made from a Lyocell spinning mass.

15. A method for producing a device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising the step of producing the base plate (5), the extrusion columns (6) and optionally the gas feed openings (7) and optionally the gas outlet plate (11) in one Piece by joint molding from a base material.