FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The Present invention is related to performance and emissions on diesel engine when the engine is operated with datura stramonium bio diesel.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
Day by day the fossil fuel energy reserves are depleting, the cost of the fuel is increasing, Rapid usage of fossil fuel and it also causes air pollution, global warming, greenhouse effect as well as acid rains. Hence this is the time to search for alternative fuels, which can replace the fossil fuels. Some of the alternative fuels are LPG, CNG, Vegetable oils, Hydrogen, Ethanol and Methanol, Bio-diesel blends etc
Initially the selected engine was fitted with a fuel injector that works at a pressure of 180 bar, the selected engine is Kirloskar TV1 single cylinder, 4 stroke, water cooled, direct injection, 'vertical diesel engine. Many people have been tried to improve the engine efficiency by various methods like increasing injection pressure, varying the Injection timing, Exhaust gas Recirculation; Modifying the engine geometry, conducting the experiments with various biodiesel blending etc. The engine will be emitting more smoke after the usage of few years and the efficiency will be drastically reducing, which in turn will be generating more emissions. When the efficiency is low, it will release the following emissions like Hydrocarbons, Carbon dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, smoke and other particulate matter etc. These emissions will create lot of problems like global warming, green house effect and acid rains. To solve all these problems, there is only one solution, which is complete combustion. There are many methods which will attain almost complete combustion stage. In this invention, Datura stramonium bio diesel has been tested on diesel engine which is a new biodiesel, which can reduce the emissions, the blend can replace the fossil fuel since this-Datura stramonium bio diesel properties are very close to that of diesel properties which also satisfy the ASTMD6751 properties.
PRIOR ART
Earlier the engine is fitted with 180 bar injection pressure. The selected engine is having very low injection pressure. Due to this there are many disadvantages, which are listed here: (1) It gives very less efficiency (2) Emissions released from this engine is more at 180 bar injection pressure (3) It affects the environment by releasing the greenhouse gases in large quantity (4) It causes Global
warming (5) It causes acid rains etc. In some of the cases there is an increase in the injection pressure alone (New Engines) but they have not used Datura stramonium bio diesel and diesel combination, hence efficiency will be increased and emissions can be reduced for the same existing engines which is available at 180 bar injection pressure. With respect to Higher injection pressure, some of the drawbacks are (I) This model is quite impressive, but the main drawback is that the engine size is so large and bulky (2) The engine will give high efficiency along with oxides of nitrogen. (3) This engine "is so expensive, complicated structure and mechanism (4) Emission control was little less.
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But the current invention is a novel idea with non obviousness and industrial application. It can overcome all those above drawbacks. Here the injection pressure of the old engine is increased by adding shims to the fuel injector or by adjusting the screw which is available in the fuel injector. The old engine pressure is increased from 180 bar to 240 bar with an interval of 20 bar (experiments conducted), the fuel particle diameter size will be smaller and air and fuel thorough mixing will take place that will lead to complete combustion and hence that there will very be less amount of exhaust emissions released, by the introduction of a new bio diesel, called Datura stramonium bio diesel. The efficiency of all the existing diesel engines can be increased by introducing this technique.
There will very little effect on the global warming and green house effect It is far better than all the
existing systems.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Datura stramonium bio diesel was obtained through transferification process and properties evaluation have been done in the laboratories. The properties of the Datura stramonium bio diesel are identified and measured.-Moisture content is 0.39%, Acid value is 0.45 mg KOH/gm, Free fatty acids are 0.22%, kinematic viscosity is @ 40°C is 7.22 est, Density at 30°C is 900.5 kg/m3, flash point and fire points are 102°C and 112°C respectively, carbon residue is 1.05%, boiling point is 140°C, gross calorific value is 37501kJ/kg. Experiments have been conducted on the Kirloskar TV1, single -cylinder, 4-stroke water-cooled, direct injection diesel engine, performance and emission characteristic graphs have been plotted. Results show that the fuel consumption was reduced as the injection pressure increases, brake thermal efficiency was increased 6.31% at 240 bar injection pressure running with diesel-hydrogen compared with 180 bar injection pressure with only diesel.As the injection pressure increases the air fuel ratio was good compared with low injection pressure .Finally conclusion is as the injection pressure increases the efficiency , air fuel ratio was increasing. Important thing is when the engine is running with diesel with increase in injection pressure giving high efficiency but if it running with diesel +hydrogen is giving highest efficiency at the highest injection pressure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Fig: 1 Engine set up along with Datura stramonium Bio diesel along with eddy current dynamometer
Fig: 2 Datura stramonium flower and seeds
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Fig: 1 represent that the orifice meter air will be taken sucked from the atmosphere and it will be sent in to the engine at the time of suction stroke, this air will be compressed to high temperature and high pressure by compression process. At the end of compression stroke both diesel and Datura stramonium bio diesel in the form of B 10, B 20 and B 30 by volume will be injected into the combustion chamber. Due to high pressure and high temperature the fuel will be burned completely since more amount of oxygen is available in the mixture of diesel and bio diesel when compared to diesel alone. Due to this burning again the pressure and temperature will be increased to peak level, thus piston will be pushed downward called as power stroke. Finally, the combusted gases will be
4

sent out in the exhaust stroke. The loading arrangement will be done with the help of eddy current dynamometer. Bio diesel quantity and diesel quantity is supplied in above said ratios. Exhaust emissions will be measured with the help of AVL 5 gas analyzer.
Fig: 2 represent the various parts and different stages of datura stramonium. The corolla is the start of the flowering stage where this corolla is going to convert into stamens hence inturn to a fruit. Datura stramonium, generally known by the common names jimsonweed or Devil's snare, is a plant in the nightshade family, it is also called as horn apple and moon flower. The root is long, thick, fibrous and white in color. The stem is stout, erect, leafy, smooth, and pale yellow-green in general except the land condition. The stem forks off repeatedly into branches, and each fork forms a leaf and a single, erect flower. The leaves are about 8 to 20 cm long, smooth, toothed, soft, and irregularly undulated. The upper surface of the leaves is a darker green, and the bottom is a light green. The leaves have a bitter and nauseating taste, which is imparted to extracts of the herb, and remains even after the leaves have been dried. These seeds were used in medicine traditionally especially in Mexico and China. The fruit will be dried and seeds will be taken out. This seed again will be dried for 1 to 2 days then it will be crushed with the help of a mechanical expeller and datura stramonium bio oil can be attained.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The engine used for experimental set up is Kirloskar TV1 single cylinder 4 stroke, water cooled, direct injection diesel engine, rated power is 5.2 kW at rated speed of 1500 rpm. The specifications of the engine are Cylinder Bore 87.50 mm, Stroke Length 110 mm, Connecting Rod length 2C4 mm, Compression Ratio 17.50, Swept volume 661.45 CC. Combustion Parameters: Specific Gas Constant is 1.00 kJ/kg K, Air Density is 1.17 kg/m3, Adiabatic Index is 1.41; Polytrophic Index is 1.21, Number of Cycles are 5, Cylinder Pressure Reference is 6, Smoothing is 2, TDC Reference point is 0 Performance Parameters: Orifice Diameter 20 mm Orifice Co-efficient. Of Discharge is 0.60, Dynamometer Arm Length is 185 mm, Fuel Pipe diameter is 12.4 mm, Ambient Temp. 27°G, Pulses Per revolution are 360, Fuel Type is Diesel, Fuel Density 832 Kg/m3, Calorific Value of Biodiesel 38807 kJ/kg. The injection pressure was initially 180 bar. It has been varied and tested with diesel alone at 180 bar injection pressure as well as with a Datura stramonium bio diesel blending of B 10, B 20 and B 30 by volume.
6. CLAIMS
1. The Proposed method is the introduction of a new bio diesel, called Datura stramonium
bio diesel in the old diesel engine, dual fuel system is used i.e., Datura stramonium bio diesel and increase of injection pressure.
2. The Method as claimed in Claim 1, injection pressure of the old engine (internal
combustion engine) is increased by adding shims to the fuel injector or by adjusting the screw which is available in the fuel injector.
3. The Method as claimed in Claim 1, Datura stramonium bio diesel was obtained through transteriflcation process where K.OH or NAOH are used as catalysts and Datura stramonium seed oil is used as feed stock.
4. The Method as claimed in Claim 1, the orifice meter air sucked from the atmosphere transferred to the engine at the time of suction stroke, this air will be compressed
to high temperature and high pressure by compression process, at the end of compression stroke both diesel and Datura stramonium bio diesel in the form of B 10, B 20 and B 30 by volume will be injected into the combustion chamber, finally, the combusted gases will be sent out in the exhaust stroke, eddy current dynamometer is used for loading -arrangement and AVL 5 gas analyzer is used for exhaust emissions.
5. The Method as claimed in Claim 1, the properties of the Datura stramonium bio diesel
are moisture content is 0.39%, Acid value is 0.45 mg KOH/gm, Free fatty acids
are 0.22%, kinematic viscosity is @ 40°C is 7.22 est, Density at 30°C is 900.5 kg/m3, flash point and fire points are 102°C and 112°C respectively, carbon residue is 1.05%, boiling point is 140°C, gross calorific value is 37501kJ/kg.
6. The Method as claimed in Claim 1, the Datura stramonium bio diesel is mixed with

diesel @ 10 to 100% with an interval of 10% i.e., B10, B20, B30, B40, B50, B60, B70,B80,B90andB100
7. The Method as claimed in Claim 1, the effect of injection pressure on engine performance while the engine is running with Datura stramonium bio diesel, both these techniques may at a time.
8. The Method as claimed in Claim 1, the efficiency of all the existing diesel engines can be increased by introducingthis technique. 7.