Field of invention
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emergency help like police, ambulance, and fire and is unable to
communicate to administration due to non-availability of
telephone or telephone number of concerned help providing
administrative authority, say police. Consumer of electricity is
also unable to monitor /regulate his daily energy consumption
due to non availability of projected monthly bill etc.
The present invention will be a help to power distribution
maintenance/enforcement/administrative staff as it will give them
alerts about energy theft from transformer, heating of transformer,
decrease in oil level of transformer, overloading of transformer,
single phasing of transformer and extra moisture in transformer
using wiredlwireless communication. There is provision for
tripping the transformer if immediate action is required. The
invention will check theft of energy by comparing total energy
supplied by transformer and total energy used by consumers
connected to that transformer. It will also check'o~erloadinb~y
consumers i.e. drawing more than sanctioned load. It will have
remote data collection from meter through wiredlwireless
communication for the purpose of billing and giving the customer
his projected monthly bill in advance s6 that he can regulate his
energy usage to optimum. Energy meter will become
communication tool for consumers, especially without
telephones, as they can ask for help from police, ambulance
Page 2 of 18 .
service, fire agencies and other administration help using energy
- . *: qp! meter which is further connected to GPRS through DTCMNS .-. F :.$
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installed on distribution transformer. GPRS transfers the data to \<>.
control and billing centres of power supplier, administrative
agencies and vice versa. Distribution Transformer Cum Meter
Network Supervisor (DTCMNS) will measure major parameters
e.g. voltage, current, power, temperature, moisture of
transformer and electricity meters of customers connected with
the transformer , process and exchange the data to meet the
abovesaid objectives.
Prior art
A system which helps the authorities keep track of individual
energy consumption of the consumers presently consists of an
electrical energy meter coupled with a GPRSICDMA module.
The said system connects the individual meters to a central
server and communicates the consumption figures periodically
and as demanded. This system has several disadvantages.
Firstly this system incurs high recurring charges in the form of
monthly charges of GPRS connection. As all the meters in the
grid are supposed to be connected via GPRS in this scheme, the
total GPRS connection goes up to a very high figure. Secondly,
this system is incapable of detecting and measuring the
occurrence and amount of theft by the electricity users.
At present emergency services (viz police, fire and ambulance)
Page 3 of 18
e ,I
are available to the consumer by dialling a number on a
telephone (either landline or mobile). Compared to just pressing .- Tqpz- .f r9yp\ a single button, the said method to avail emergency services i s , .scumbersome.
The successful working of the said system also
depends on the presence of a working telephone connection and
device with the consumer, which also cannot be taken for granted
in the poor and rural households.
The emergency services can also be accessed by installing a
standalone device which dials the emergency as demanded.
This device is costlier as compared to a telephone and requires
its own installation and maintenance as opposed to the
telephone itself.
EnforcementiMaintenance staff visit the transformer and site
from time to time for theft monitoring and transformer related
issues as there is no provision to alert the authorities in case of
said occurrences. There is no provision of preventive
maintenance of transformer and the authorities spring to action
only on the failure of one.
Objects of the invention
One of the objective of the invention is to detect and measure
theft so as to effectively penalise the defaulter, thus leading to
control and prevention of the same.
Page 4 of 18
Another important objective of the
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invention
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provide to
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consumer an Emergency Help Interface on the meter or as a pEiL .*. =.I . . +3$
standalone device connected to the meter which can be used irp'~.~?!.- < .
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case of any emergency to avail emergency services {e.g. police,
fire, ambulance, etc.) and is independent of a telephone
connection of the consumer.
The said invention performs the function of alertinglwarning the
maintenance staff of transformer parameters showing an
abnormal value or going out of its normal range. It is also capable
of measuring and calculating peak load, overload, various other
energy parameters and power disconnection, if required. This
forms a solid basis for punitive action to be taken against
overdrawing power and theft. Implementing peak load charges
according to energy policy of the government is easier and faster.
Also the customer can easily access projected consumption
charges and current billlconsumption charges of his electricity
usage and can take corrective action before the actual monthly
bill is delivered.
Brief description of accompanyinn drawinns
Having thus described various embodiments of the invention in
general terms, reference will now be made to the accompanying
drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein :
Figure 1 illustrates Block Diagram according to various
Page 5 of 18
application.
Figure 2 illustrates the main components and their co-ordination
diagram according to various embodiments of the invention. I
Fiaure 3 illustrates as a detailed schematic of transformer (1) of
figure 1
Fiaure 4 illustrates as a detailed schematic of meter (06) of figure
1
Figure 5 illustrates as a detailed schematic of DTCMNS (2) of
figure 1
Figure 6 illustrates Emergency Help Interface Activation and
Confirmation Circuit Diagram according to various embodiments
of the invention.
Fiqure 7 illustrates KW-Hr waveform for Max Demand Index
Punitive action according to various embodiments of the
invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Various embodiments of the invention are described more fully
hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in
which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown
Page 6 of 18
i
in the figures. Indeed, these inventions may be embodied in
. .: r.ltajQ. 1 many different forms and should not be constructed as limited to c):.L-.. I
j
the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are 3
2 i
1
provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal I
i
requirements.
Figure 1 illustrates one embodiment of the invention. It has been
explained in detail in provisional application for the same dated
23/04/2012 no. 1257/DEL/2012.
Table I: Annotations as introduced in figure 1 and
subsequently used in figures along with their explanations.
Page 7 of 18
TD 1.
TD 2.
TD 3.
TD 4.
. -"-
TD 5.
TD 6.
TD 7.
Red Phase Current Transducer
Yellow Phase Current Transducer
Blue Phase Current Transducer
-O-- ver lead / Short C-ir cuit Current Transd--u-- cer
Oil Level Transducer
Air Moisture & Air Temperature of Transducer1
Oil Temperature Transducer
TD 8. Moisture in oil Transducer
- - _ 1 - - 7 - " 1- -- ---- _ --_-- - -- --
iTD 9. Transformer Windin g Temperature Transducer , - - --_-d
Table 1 continued
i TR 1 j Transmitter /Receiver 0 1 !
I - 8 I
TI R2; Transmitter /Receiver 02
TRd Transmitter /Receiver 04 !
TR Transmitter /Receiver 05
TR$ Transmitter /Receiver 06
L - -- - / 02 1 DTC MNS Box I
03
I - V 4
05 I Health/Police/Fire etc(Pub1ic Authorities)
Local Distribution Incharge/Agencv
04
- -- -- ---- -
p6Eiectric Energy meters of Consumer .1 7
V
Central Distribution Incharge IAgencv
/ EHI 1 Emergency help Interface for Consumer 01 1
07
Page 8 of 18
- -
Electric Energy meters of Consumer .2
Table 1 continued
-- -
[CL communication ink O 1
ICL6 Communication Link 06
/ c LC~om~m unication Link
i 1 Between Consumer 1 & 2 :
I
Figure 2 illustrates pictorial representation (30 view) of
embodiment of invention and explanation is same as for fig 01
In figure 3, DTCMNS (2) has a modulator1demodulator (303) to
exchange information with meters (6, 7 ... n).
Modulator/Demodulator (303) is connected to microcontroller
(302) to process information exchanged with meters (6, 7 ... n)
Transformer (I), local server (3), Zonal server (4) and
administration server (5). EEPROM (306) is used to store data
exchanged through DTCMNS (2). Modulator/Demodulator (306)
exchanges data using transmitterlreceiver (TRI). Battery backup
(308) provides necessary energy to all main components of
DTCMNS (2) to keep them active even during power failure.
Power output of transformer(1) is compared with sum of all
Page 9 of 18
energy meters KW readings, DTCMNS(2) measures the
difference of two readings, identifies it as theft if the difference is 2 3 OCT Ifla
more than (say 10 %) of current KW reading of transformer (1)
output. Transformer (1) identity with address is transmitted to
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local server (3) and Zonal server (4) through communication lin6. s'
- *-' '
(CL2, CLI). Power Supply agency takes appropriate action after
detecting theft.
For billing purpose ,DTCMNS(2) receives data from all energy
meters (6,7 ... n) through communication link (CL6, CL7 ... CLn),
send it to Local Server(3) and Zonal Server (4) of power supply
agency for the purpose of anticipatedlactual energy bill as per
the tariff plan of power supply agency. The same route is followed
in reverse direction to display consumer bill on output display of
energy meter (6, 7 ... n) of consumer.
DTCMNS (2) picks up Max Demand Index i.e. max load in KW
for all meters (6, 7 ... n) and sends it to local server (3) or Zonal
server (4) using communication link (CL2,CLI). Power supply
agency will use this data for penalty and other tarifflplanning
purposes
Figure 4 illustrates connection of energy meter microcontroller
(605) and Emergency Help Interface (406). Consumer need to
press master switch 401 to enable any other switch 402, 403,
404, 405. Where 402 is for Police Help, 403 is for Ambulance,
404 is for Fire, 405 is for any other Administrative help from
Page 10 of 18
administration. 41 1, 41 2, 41 3, 41 4 are corresponding audio i
I
visual alarms for confirmation of action and reaction. Once a
switch is activated, energy meter microcontroller (605) will send 2 3 OC1 20i1 1
the help required along with address tag of consumer to
DTCMNS (2), which will further send it to police, ambulance, fire f*: ,'> ""'4 t a - .---. : . f;L
etc. using communication link CL4.
For example if an emergency(say Police help) is identified , then
nearest Police Station is alerted with the details of particular
consumer who has raised the alarm and an alert is also sent to
power supply agency with the details of the particular meter
whose EHI has been activated.
i After identification of the authority (police/medical/fire), action is
taken to identify the consumer whom the authority is trying to
reply and send the reply to him as well as inform the zonal/local
authorities that action process has started.
If the reply is from nearest Police Station, then message will be t
sent via DTCMNS (2) to the consumer on his EHI panel on meter
(6) that action is being taken after receiving his information from I
the reply of authority, here Police.
In Figure 5, Transformer parameter are measured and
corrective actions are taken according to various embodiments
of the invention Transducers (TDI to TD9) installed in
Transformer (1) detect any abnormality in transformer
Page 11 of 18
parameters e.g. temperature, current etc and is conveyed to
DTCMNS (2) as abnormal signal. fl-- +a..p 'TV!
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For example, if the current in one phase (say BLUE phase, 505)
exceeds the threshold value, Blue phase current transducer 2 3 OCT 2013
(TD3) will detect it as a fault, DTCMNS (2) will send an alert to /- .% . -T> 4 .?
* ," . re.>., i f < { ,
power supply agency then on first priority basis, energy meter
trip relay (602) is activated for those meters drawing more than
their sanctioned load.
For example, if the current in NEUTRAL wire exceeds the
threshold value, then on first priority basis trip relay (602) is
activated for those meters (say 6) drawing more than their
sanctioned load and causing overload of transformer (1) and an
alert is sent to power supply agency.
Similarly if there is rise in MOISTURE of the transformer oil (503)
above the threshold value, Moisture in oil transducer (TD8) will
detect it as a fault, DTCMNS (2) will send an alert to power supply
agency recommending recycling of the transformer oil at the
earliest.
Similarly if there is rise in HUMIDITY of air (504) above the oil
exceeding the threshold value, Air Moisture transducer (TD6) will
detect it as a fault, DTCMNS (2) will send an alert to power supply
agency and recommending replacing Silica Gel of the particular
transformer.
Page 12 of 18
Similarly if there is rise in temperature of the transformer oil (503) .
above the threshold value, Oil temperature transducer (TD7) will 1
detect it as a fault, DTCMNS (2) will send an alert to power supply
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agency and transformer circuit breaker (507) is activated. ". r ) ! $.+ *. * &2.. $ 9 .LSimilarly
if there is rise in temperature of the transformer
coilslwindings (501) above the threshold value, transformer
winding temperature transducer (TD9) will detect it as a fault,
DTCMNS (2) will send an alert to power supply agency and
transformer circuit breaker (507) is activated.
Similarly if there is rise in level (502) of the transformer oil above
the threshold value, oil level transducer (TD5) will detect it as a
fault, DTCMNS(2) will send an alert to power supply agency and
transformer circuit breaker (507) is activated.
In Figure 6, Voltage (V), current (I) and phase (a) of the supply
are measured by detector (601) installed in energy meter (6) and
supply is connected to consumer load (603) through trip relay
(602). These measured parameters (V, I, (D) are sent to meter
microcontroller (605). Microcontroller (605) transmits these
parameters to modulatorldemodulator (606) which forwards it to
transmitterlreceiver (609) and finally gets communicated to
DTCMNS (2) through communication link (CL6). Microcontroller
(605) can disconnect the trip relay (602) as and when it gets
instruction from DTCMNS (2). EEPROM (604) is used as
memory to store relevant data e.g. measured parameters (V, I,
Page 13 of 18
(D) for billing purpose .Output Display (607) is used to convey any
information to customer. ,. . _
Identification of meter tempering and alertion according to
various embodiments of the invention. The transmission of meter
tempering identification signals from consumers to DTCMNS (2)
is explained. If any meter tempering signal is received by
DTCMNS (2) from any of the meters (6, 7 ... n) in the locality. If
any such signal is received, DTCMNS (2) will identify the
particular meter (say 6) which has been tempered. After
identifying the particular meter tampered, DTCMNS (2) will check
type of tempering done. Based on the type of tempering identified,
tempering information is sent to power supply agency, and action
e.g . disconnection by deactivating the trip relay (602)of energy
meter(6) through DTCMNS(2) is carried out.
For example, if there is a load reverse temper OR a phase
neutral interchange temper OR a current drawn through local
earth temper OR an Addition Resistance , diode or capacitor
to load side when neutral is disconnected from input side
temper OR a magnet (say 0.5 tesla) temper OR a neutral
missing temper OR abnormal voltage & frequency device to
meter upto 35KV temper OR a cover open temper, alert is sent
to power supply agency with the details of the particular meter
that has been tempered indicating the type of temper as detected
by meter microcontroller (605) and conveyed to DTCMNS (2)
through communication link (say CL6). DTCMNS (2) sends it to
Page 140f 18
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.( ..
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Local server (3) and Zonal Server (A) forpunitive action against
the consumer e.g. disconnection of energy meter (6) by
activation of trip relay (602).
2 3 DCT 20f3
.- -- v - 2 f i r r,
. . . ' a , I.>! 1.- ,.*.LC 6 2 ..k
Figure 7 illustrates KW-Hr waveform for MDI Punitive action
according to various embodiments of the invention. The shaded
portion shows that period of time where the consumption (KW) is
more than the sanctioned load (10 KW in this case). The area
under the graph can be calculated to calculate the amount of
penalty to be applied based on the punitive tariff policy. If the
demand exceeds twice (6) the sanctioned load, trip relay (602) in
energy meter (6) is activated to disable the consumer load (603)
from electricity supply.
Page 15 of 18
We claim
1. A electrical integrated distribution and metering system? 3 OcI
comprising: .,. .-> .->. . 1a - ~ ~ ~ fiJd
, ,.- L,.- -, -
means of measuring plurality of electrical parameters; and
thereby setting of an alarm at any of multiple abnormal
conditions;
monitoring means to monitor the excess power consumed
by the user thereby comparing consumed energy with the
supplied;
communication means to establish an interface between
the consumer and the administrative host, wherein the said
communication means is configured by a GPRS system.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said
measuring/monitoring means is operated by a Distribution
Transformer Cum Meter Network Supervisor (DTCMNS) (2).
3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the apparatus to
set off the alarm comprises plural set of transducers. (TDI to
TD9) for preventive maintenance and quick fault response
Page 16 of 18
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The system as claimed in claim I, wherein communication link i
is established through Emergency Help Interface (EHI-1, EHI- t
5
2 ... EHI-n) connected with the energy meters.