DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
EXISTING SYSTEM & PROBLEM! (BACK GROUND OF INVENTION):
Now-a-days traffic congestion is a serious problem and it's ever increasing nature makes it imperative to know the road traffic density in real time for better signal control and effective traffic management. There can be different causes of congestion in traffic like insufficient capacity, unrestrained demand, large Red Light delays etc. While insufficient capacity and unrestrained demands are somewhere interrelated, the delay of respective lights is hard coded and not dependents on traffic congestion. Therefore the need for simulating and optimizing traffic control to better accommodate this increasing demand arises.
SOLUTION:
SMART TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM:
Introduction:
Traffic research has goal to optimize traffic flow of people and goods. As number of road users constantly increases intelligent control of traffic comes into picture. Traffic jams are unbeneficial to both economy and environment. The traffic control system based on vehicle density calculation tries to reduce possibilities of traffic jams and improper management of traffic signals. This problem can be overcomed by using a very unique technique of managing traffic based on density. Here density measurement is the major aim that has to be achieved. Automatic time adjustment of traffic signals is done based on density using specially designed density measuring system.
Methodology:
Traffic signals are the most convenient methods of controlling traffic in a busy junction. But, we can see that these signals fail to control the traffic effectively when a particular lane has got more traffic than the other lanes. This situation makes that particular lane more crowdie than the other lanes.
This work aims to eliminate this problem by introducing some intelligence to traffic signal and making them capable of deciding the time for Green signal based on the density of vehicles on the road.

A. Dynamic time interval: The present traffic light control system provides fixed time interval for red
and green light. This causes unnecessary waiting time. As the design of proposed system provides
dynamic traffic light intersection that will minimize the waiting time of vehicles and also manage the
traffic load at the intersection adaptively. This maximizes average number of vehicles passing through
each intersection.
B. Web based System: The information about congestion on road or possible alternate routes can also be
known by car drivers through interfacing this system with web application. Hence any driver has access to
that data can be searched for the better route and also know the traffic at particular area.
This idea have been discussed since long time but the problem arises in implementing these system as measuring the density of vehicle become the main hurdle as it involves many complexities mainly on the busy roads like India.
Earlier used technique to measure the vehicle density was Camera Based Systems, Magnetic loop, Ultrasonic sensor, piezoelectric sensor or IR sensor. Every problem has its own benefit and limitations.
We have come up with a new innovative means of measuring the vehicle density which is quite simple, easy to understand and implement. Here we are using an array of sensors (SI, S2, and S3...Sn) across the road as shown in Fig.l, when ever vehicle passes over a road then these sensors measure the density of vehicles and these density sensors are communicated with electronic controller for further decision of GREEN and RED light timings of traffic system.Fig.2 flow chat describes how green signal timing get changes with respect to vehicle density.

WORKING
CASE1:
If no vehicles or less than 15U-density is detected, the GREEN signal will be ON for some set minimum time i.e. 10 sec. CASE 2:
If more than minimum set vehicle density is detected, the Time period of GREEN signal will be proportional to the density of vehicles. For example consider 60U vehicle density is detected then time period of GREEN signal will be 60*0.4= 24 sec. If 90U vehicles density is detected then time period will be 90*0.4= 36 sec. Here 0.4 is some constant which can again be varied depending on the size and condition of road. CASE 3:
If the density of vehicle is more on one lane, vehicle on other lane will never get a chance to move. Hence a maximum time is also set for each lane i.e. around 140 seconds.
NOTE:
In the above setup, there might be some vehicles at the signal when transition takes place from Green to Red. These vehicles are not considered when the next count starts. This problem can be eliminated by measuring the density of vehicles crossed the signal. Hence the difference of densities of vehicles entered and crossed the road will give the more accurate value. This setup needs one more vehicle detector sensors at the junction end counting the number of vehicles left.
In this work entire traffic can be monitored and controlled through HMI (Human Machine Interface) system. Here electronic control unit is linked with HMI system.HMI system for smart traffic control is shown in Fig.3.
From Fig.3:
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103 device represent GREEN Light of respective lanel and Iane3, 104 device represent RED Light
of respective lanel and lane3, and 105 device represent YELLOW Light of respective lanel and
lane3.
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106 device displays the vehicle density of lane-1 and 107 device displays the vehicle density of lane-3. >
108 and 109 devices are used for indicating vehicles density at lane-1 is either minimum or

maximum.
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110 and 111 devices are used for indicating vehicles density at lane-2 is either minimum or maximum.
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Device 112 is used for switch to the home screen of HMI system.
Density based green signal timing of lane-1 and lane-3 are displayed through Device 113 and Device 114,
Note: From the Fig.3 HMI system and controller algorithm was developed for two lanes only. Development of system for four lanes emulates same performance.

EXISTING SYSTEM & PR0BLEM-2(BACK GROUND OF INVENTION):
Making way for screeching ambulances and wailing fire engines is a regular affair for motorists in the city. Often precious minutes are lost navigating through choked roads creating unimaginable agony for those in distress. Often traffic congestion brings ambulances to a halt putting patienf's lives at risk. Therefore there is a need to provide an intelligent signaling system which detects and allows emergency vehicles without delay saving precious lives.
Solution:
SMART AMBULANCE SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION:
The numbers of vehicles are increasing, worsening traffic conditions which results in traffic jams. Many important jobs get delayed due to these traffic jams. Emergency vehicles like ambulance, fire brigade and other security vehicles sometimes has to wait for undesirable amount of time where by even lives are kept at risk. Conventional solution for such a situation is manual controlling of traffic signals. But manual controlling is not always possible hence less efficient solution.
Smart ambulance with automatic traffic control is the most efficient solution for this situation. With implementation of this system the traffic signals can intelligently respond to an emergency vehicle by providing „Green" signal at that lane, thus providing a smart flow of vehicles in that lane to ease traffic for emergency vehicles.
METHODOLOGY:
This work uses wireless sensor technology to implement this application. The ambulance will be fixed with the 101-device and the 102-device will be fixed at the electronic controller as shown in below Fig,4. This 101 device transmits a unique code continuously through medium air. When the ambulance enter into lane-3,the unique code transmitted by the 101-device from the ambulance will be received by the 103-device at the Lane-3.Received code by 103 device will be transmitted to 102 device, which is connected with device 108(electronic controller) then automatically GREEN light will be ON for lane-3 until to ambulance cross the road and BLUE light is also ON, which indicates emergency vehicle is waiting for

free path.Device-107 detect the signal crossing of the ambulance, once the ambulance crosses the road traffic signal returns to the normal operation.
WORKING:
To implement this system 101-device must be installed in every emergency vehicle and 103,104,105 and 106-devices at lane-3, iane-2, lane-4 and lane-1.Operation fallows the following flow chart. At first emergency vehicle"s presence on lane X (X=l,2,3 and 4) must be identified, for which 101-device in emergency vehicle continuously emits signal of specific range, which are identified by the device at that particular lane „X", thus detecting presence of ambulance at lane „X" as shown in the Fig.4.
Lane „X" then communicates with the main signal controller which is controlled by electronic controller.
Every lane sends a unique code, using which main controller identifies the lane. Once the lane is identified by controller the traffic signal is turned to Green path at that particular lane, so that emergency vehicle passes. As soon as the emergency vehicle passes the signal returns to its normal operation.
Fig.5 flow chat describes how to make a green path for emergency vehicles automatically.
Smart ambulance system status can be monitored and controlled through HMI system also as shown in Fig.6 .Here smart ambulance control unit is aided with HMI unit. Position of emergency vehicle (Lane-1 or Lane-2 or Lane-3 or Lane-4) can be monitored on HMI system. If VIP vehicle comes on any lane then traffic police can easily make a green path of that particular Lane by using the HMI system.HMI system for Emergency vehicle is shown in the Fig.6
From the Fig.6:
Graphical Devices 115,116 and 117 are used to represent the GREEN, RED, YELLOW light statuses of Lane-1 through HMI system.
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Graphical Devices 118,119 and 120 are used to represent the GREEN, RED, YELLOW light statuses of Lane-2 through HMI system.
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Graphical Devices 121,122 and 123 are used to represent the GREEN, RED, YELLOW light statuses of Lane-3 through HMI system.
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Graphical Devices 124,125 and 126 are used to represent the GREEN, RED, YELLOW light statuses of Lane-4 through HMI system.

Graphical Device 127 is used to represent the density based GREEN timing of LANE-1
> Graphical Device 128 is used to represent the density based GREEN timing of LANE-2
> Graphical Device 129 is used to represent the density based GREEN timing of LANE-3
> Graphical Device 130 is used to represent the density based GREEN timing of LANE-4
> Graphical Devices 131,132,133 and 134 are used to give the manual priority forLANEl, LANE2, LANE3, and LANE4.These devices are operated by the traffic police only as per their requirements.
Priority registers Dl, D2, D3 & D4 represents the GREEN signal priority of LANE1, LANE2, LANE3, and LANE4.
EXISTING SYSTEM & PROBLEM-3 (BACK GROUND OF INVENTION):
A well designed street lighting system should permit vehicles/pedestrians to travel at night with good visibility, safety, comfort and enhance the appearance of the neighborhood. Poorly designed and inadequately maintained lighting system which uses obsolete lighting technology leads to wastage of energy due to unnecessary glowing of street lights. By some intelligence, this wastage can be decreased and hence improving reliability and life of the street lamps.
SLOUTION:
ECO STREET LIGHT SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION:
Basically, street lightening is one of the important parts of a city"s infrastructure where the main function is to illuminate the city"s street during dark hours of the day. there are several factors need to be considered in order to design a good street lightning system such as night time safety for community members and road users, highway systems and cost effectiveness. Automation is intended to reduce man power with the help of intelligent systems. The main aim of this work is to save power.
Street light system uses different type of lamps such as incandescent lamp, sodium light, fluorescent light, induction light and LED light. LED is considered a promising solution to modern street lightening system due to its behavior and advantages.

METHODOLOGY:
Eco imagination comes from enhancing sources and increasing productivity. Smart systems inculcate functions of sensing, actuation and control in order to describe and analyze a situation and make decisions based on the available data in a predictive or adaptive manner, thereby performing smart actions. To deal with these terms and make them work in real environment street lights have to be considered where lot of energy is waste in the nights making them work all the time.
This problem can be solved by using smart sensors, in this work a series of vehicle detecting sensors (A,
B, C ) are used to detect position of vehicle as shown in Fig.7.These are intelligent systems that make
decisions based on vehicle flow.
When no vehicle is there then lights will be in dim state by not going to permanent OFF state increasing
its life and saves power wastages. Whenever vehicles are detected by sensors (A, B, C ) then dim light
becomes bright. This method saves almost 30% of energy that is consumed in the night time especially in the highways. This can also be implemented in cities to save resources and energy. Fig.8 Represents the flow chart for smart street light system
Internet Of Things-ANDROED APP:
Android app has been developed using JAVA, XML platforms as shown in Fig.9. It displays cities and areas. After choosing a particular city and area and clicking on "CHECK. THE TRAFFIC" displays density of traffic. This app is communicated with traffic density measurement system through internet communication modules to updated traffic in particular area.
To check the traffic and time taken to reach the destination can be estimated on entering details of starting point, destination point and speed with which the vehicle is moving on an average. After entering these details clicking on "CHECK THE ESTIMATED TIME" gives time taken to reach destination point.