DESC:TITLE: ECOBOI TECHNOLOGY - AIR & SURFACE
DISINFECTION SYSTEM
1. FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to disinfection Indoor Air & Surface Bio-film by Electro Chemical Oxidation (ECO) & Bipolar Oxygen Ionization (BOI). Oxidants produced reduces Cross contamination, enhances Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and Freshness. Three prime indoor air & surface pollutants to be treated & should be kept under control are Physical, Chemical & Microbiological.

2. BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
For comfort, health & safety of people working in indoor spaces like office, hotels, hospitals, etc. are equipped with air handling arrangements either centralized or local under the guideline of “American Society of Heating, Refrigerating & Air-conditioning Engineers” (ASHRAE) with consensus defined by “American National Standards Institute” (ANSI) standards.
Since the same air is re-circulated with a small percentage of fresh air, over the period of time physical, chemical & biological contaminations start to build up. Physical contaminants are suspended particulate matters of different sizes of dust & pollen. Chemical contaminants are Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOCs), odour & formaldehyde, aerosols, pest control chemicals & cleaning chemicals. Microbiological contaminants are bacteria, viruses, molds, Fungi, spore etc. There is no comprehensive treatment available in the commercial & industrial segment. So we did a lot of literature review, national & international statutory guideline study, in house research & development to find out the gap & limitations other technologies are facing. After vigorous research & development, we developed the solution by which all three physical, chemical µbiological challenges faced in indoor air treatment applications can be solved using one equipment.

About Indoor Air Quality (IAQ):
All of us face a variety of risks to our health as we go about our day-to-day lives be it Driving in cars, flying in planes, engaging in recreational activities. The most recent are commercial buildings, multiplex, shopping malls, etc., and being exposed to environmental pollutants all pose varying degrees of risk. Some risks are simply unavoidable, some we choose to accept because to do otherwise would mean restricting our ability to lead our lives the way we want & some risks we might decide to avoid if we had the opportunity to make informed choices. Indoor air pollution is one risk that you can do something about.
Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a term that refers to the quality of air within buildings, especially as it relates to the health and comfort of building occupants. Studies have shown that the air quality inside homes can be worse than it is outside. The air in homes can be 2 to 5 times more polluted, and in some cases up to 100 times more polluted, than outdoor air. Thus, for many people, the health risks may be greater due to exposure to air pollution indoors than outdoors.
In addition, people who may be exposed to indoor air pollutants for the longest periods are often those most susceptible to the effects of indoor air pollution. Such groups include the young, the elderly, and the chronically ill, especially those suffering from respiratory or cardiovascular disease.
Issues faced in Indoor Air Quality (IAQ):
IAQ can be affected by gases, such as carbon monoxide or radon; microbial contaminants, like mold or bacteria due to moisture intrusion; improper and inadequate ventilation or make-up air; or any other pollutant or condition that can cause adverse health conditions. These pollutants often result from occupant activities, household products, and building materials used in everyday construction. In many cases, pollutant levels from individual sources may not pose a significant health risk by themselves, but homes can have more than one source that contributes to indoor air pollution and there can be a serious risk from the cumulative effects of these sources.

3. OBJECTIVE OF INVENTION
1. To prevent microbial growth in indoor air & surface bio-film to control cross contamination & safeguard the indoor occupants & visitors.
2. Enhance Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) by controlling Physical & Chemical pollutants to reduce Sick Building Syndromes (SBS).
3. Develop a system which can treat all three prime indoor pollutants i.e. Physical, Microbiological & Chemical by one technology.
4. To provide an indoor setting that is safe & healthy for the occupants, and enhances well-being, performance, and productivity. At the same time able to do deep treatment in absence of occupants.

4. NOVEL ASPECTS OF THE INVENTION
1. The invention is a unique blend of technology, where all three indoor pollutants are taken care of; these are Physical, Chemical & Microbiological.
2. In the invention, disinfectant uniformly gets blended in indoor circulating air, so wherever the air reaches treatment starts.
3. We provide unique multipoint injection in Air Handling Units (AHU). That is in supply air, return air and inside AHU.
4. Bacteria, viruses hide & multiply within Bio-film, where physical cleaning is either not possible or difficult; our disinfectant blends into indoor air & reaches everywhere, where air can reach & eliminates microorganisms at the source of contamination.
5. Since indoor spaces are not expected to be clean room compliance, they are continuously infected by biological contaminations & also keep on multiplying. To control them our disinfectant is effective all-time 24 x 7 at all places.
6. Modern day interior uses a lot of artificial furniture & synthetic materials like paint, glue, adhesive, Plaster of Paris (POP). These are the root cause of chemical contaminations & root cause of “Sick Building Syndromes” (SBS). Our solution significantly keeps chemical contaminants, so called VOCs under control.
7. Due to this treatment Carbon Dioxide (CO2) levels are also reduced, with limited increase in fresh air supply.

5. PRIOR ART AND ITS LIMITATIONS:
What works | What does not work | What works partially
1. Physical Pollutants:
Suspended Particulate Matters &nanoparticles are smaller than the pore size of the AHU filter. So they cannot be controlled & remains in indoor spaces. Microbes use them as a medium & stay over them &get transmitted all around.

Does Not Work - HEPA Filter | Carbon Filter | UVGI in AHU | Ozone
Works Partially - Physical cleaning
Most Effective - Bipolar Ionisers | ECOBOI are safe & effective – It can agglomerate & make them settle to Ground & once agglomerated can get trapped in the filter.

2. Chemical Pollutants:
Modern-day building materials, furniture, paint, POP, wood, varnish, adhesives, glue, plastic, rubber, leather, passive smoke, aerosols, cleaning & pest control chemicals are the chief contributors of the chemical pollutants & they are released from their source of origin & throughout their lifetime.

Does Not Work - Physical Cleaning | HEPA Filter | UVGI in AHU | Bipolar Ionisation
Works Partially - Activated Carbon Filter.
Most Effective - Ozone | ECOBOI (Ozone safety to be considered v/s ECOBOI is safe)

3. Microbiological Pollutants:
Bacteria & Viruses are micro, sub-micro & nano in size (10-6 m to 10-9 m) & remain in the indoor atmosphere for a very long time, and are the root cause of air & surface cross contaminations. More than them biofilms* are the most serious & dangerous since they shield germs with a hard protective layer. Also, these biofilms are present on all surfaces which are accessible (cleanable) &non-accessible, like AHU Ductwork, false ceiling, over POPs, within & underneath office furniture, carpets, within white goods, curtains, blinds, partitions, glass, etc. Understanding the effect of biofilm is a specialized field of science.

Does Not Work - HEPA Filter | Carbon Filter
Works Partially - UVGI / UVC in AHU | Bipolar Ionisation
Most Effective - Ozone | ECOBOI (Ozone safety to be considered v/s ECOBOI is safe)

4. Enhance IAQ:
Releasing -ve& +ve ions in the occupied space can significantly enhance the IAQ by enhancing freshness & energy in the occupied space.

Does Not Work - HEPA Filter | Carbon Filter | UVGI/UVC | Ozone
Works Partially -
Most Effective - Bipolar Ionisation | ECOBOI

What is to be done (Indoor Air & Surface Treatment):
To enhance Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), three prime pollutants need to be controlled as listed below & at the same time Energy & freshness has to be enhanced.
A. PHYSICAL
? Suspended Particulate Matters (SPMs)
? Pollens
? Smoke
? Dust
? Dead skin

B. MICROBIOLOGICAL
? Bacteria
? Viruses
? Mold
? Fungi
? Yeast
? Dust mites

C. CHEMICAL
? VOCs
? Formaldehydes
? Organic Odor
? Cleaning Chemicals
? Pest Control Chemicals
? Hydrocarbons
? Outdoor Chemicals through TFA
? Aerosols
? Passive Smoking

Source of these Chemical Pollutants are:
• Body Excretion
• Paint
• POP
• Varnish
• Adhesive
• Glues
• Rubbers
• Plastic
• Synthetic Materials
• Cleaning Chemicals
• Pest Control Chemicals
• Aerosols

These pollutants are the root cause of Sick Building Syndromes (SBS) & effects of it are as mentioned below:
OCCUPANTS EXPERIENCE -
• Headache
• Sinus Issues
• Allergies
• Fatigue
• Nausea
• Eye Allergies
• Etching
• Bronchitis
• Influenza
• Throat Irritation
• Sneezing
• Smell
• Sickness
• Dullness
• Anxiety
OCCUPANTS LACK -
• Freshness
• Energy
• Alertness
• Concentration
• Happiness
• Healthiness
• Fitness
• Enthusiasm

This often results in poor performance & absenteeism.

6. Working Principle of “ECOBOI”: ECO + BOI = “ECOBOI”
In mother nature, when lightning strikes it breaks the oxygen molecule to produce different derivatives of Oxygen to purify air, water & land surfaces [Fig. No. 1]. These are environmentally friendly nascent oxygen, Ozone, Hydroxyl radicals, positive ions & negative ions. ECO stands for “Electro-Chemical Oxidation” which uses high frequency, high voltage electronic driver & ECO reactor. Ambient air or pure oxygen is fed to ECO reactor by air pump from inlet & inside electrically oxygen molecule is broken. This produces a nascent oxygen atom, which is a natural oxidizing agent. The nascent oxygen further combines with moisture in the air to produce OH – radicals. Some part of the oxygen atom combines with an oxygen molecule to produce ozone. BOI stands for “Bipolar Oxygen Ionisation”, which makes molecules release or gain electrons, making them positive ions or negative ions.

BOI stands for “Bipolar Oxygen Ionisation”, where oxygen atom produced by ECO is further broken orbitally to produce positive & negative ions. These ions are the carrier of ECO, extending its reach & at the same neutralizing the charge on colloidal suspended particles in occupied air. By neutralizing the charge the colloidal particles now agglomerate & either settles to the ground or gets trapped in air filters. Now with this, not only the suspended particles but also attached bacteria, viruses, molds & spores also get significantly reduced. Also, these – ve& + ve ions are ready to exchange electrons by donating or by accepting from the atmospheric chemical pollutants.

Air Cooled ECOBOI Generator
Industrial air cooled ECOBOI generator uses corona discharge technique to produce different derivatives of oxygen. A spark (corona discharge) is used to split the diatomic oxygen molecule into valance oxygen atoms. These oxygen atoms have a negative charge and will bond quickly with another oxygen molecule to produce ozone. For each split oxygen molecule, 2 ozone molecules are produced.
[Refer Fig No. 3] To produce corona two electrically conducting material is selected. High voltage with high frequency is applied to one of the electrodes & others connected to low voltage i.e. ground. Both these electrode very precisely and uniformly separated by dielectric material. To produce high voltage & high current an electronic inverter circuit called ozone power/ driver board is used. In this board line voltage of 230 V AC having 50 Hz frequency is converted into DC voltage. This DC voltage drives pulse width modulation (PMM) type inverter. Converting this applied DC voltage into high frequency A.C. voltage is fed to high step up called EHT transformer to generate 3 kV to 7 kV of high voltage. This step up voltage is applied to internal electrode ozone cell.
When corona discharge is taking place between the two electrodes lots of heat is generated which increases the temperature of electrodes and the gas passing through it. This gas is ozone which again breaks down to oxygen under high temperature conditions. Hence the ECOBOI output & concentration of the reactor is reduced and the efficiency and life of ECOBOI reactor is reduced.
[Refer Fig No. 4] To cool down the ECOBOI reactor IV generation technology is used in which both inner and external electrode is converted with active aluminum fins (heat sinks), these fins radiate the heat very efficiently. To radiate the heat from the heat sinks forced air is applied over the heat sinks using a fan. This cools down both the electrodes, due to which the ECOBOI output & concentration is not affected and the life and efficiency of ECOBOI reactor is increased.
7. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
To implement our ECOBOI technology in the real world applications, we have developed an integrated system which consists of the below mentioned major components:
a. ECOBOI Generator
b. HMI
c. Ambient Air Ozone Sensor with Transmitter
There are different variations in which these components can be integrated which have been shown in the below provided diagrams.
Option 1: [Refer Fig No. 5] Under this option, the ECOBOI generator is integrated with a combined panel consisting of HMI and Ambient Air ozone sensor. Here, the transmitter for the ozone sensor is installed in the same panel as that of HMI & ozone sensor.
Application Area: Manufacturing Industries like Pharmaceutical, Food & Beverage, Dairy, Bakery, etc.
Option 2: [Refer Fig No. 6] Under this option, the ECOBOI generator is integrated with a wall mounted HMI and a ceiling mounted ozone sensor. Here, the ozone sensor transmitter is installed inside the ECOBOI generator panel.
Application Area: Offices, Schools, Banks, Hospitals, Hotels, etc.
Option 3: [Refer Fig No. 7] Under this option, the ECOBOI generator is integrated with a panel mounted HMI and a separate panel mounted ozone sensor. Here, the transmitter for the ozone sensor is installed in the same panel as that of ozone sensor.
Application Area: Factories, Production Area, Malls, Theatres, etc.
Option 4: [Refer Fig No. 8] Under this option, the HMI is fitted on the same panel as that of ECOBOI generator which is then integrated with a separate panel mounted ozone sensor. Here, the transmitter for the ozone sensor is installed in the same panel as that of ozone sensor.
Option 5: [Refer Fig No. 9] This option is implemented where there is requirement of a stand-alone wall mount ECOBOI generator. The ECOBOI generator consists of an in-built PLC which controls its operation.
1. Wiring Diagram [Refer Fig No. 10 - 13]
The wiring drawings show the interconnection between the components used in the Indoor Air Treatment & Disinfection System.

The lists of major components used are as below:-
A. ECOBOI Reactor [ER-1]
It is a chamber in which electro-chemical reaction of ambient air takes place to produce various oxygen derived oxidants.

B. COBOI Driver [ED-1]
It drives the ECOBOI Reactor by supplying power to it.

C. Air Pump [A1]
It is used to feed the ambient air into the ECOBOI Reactor which then gets converted to various oxygen derived oxidants.

D. PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) [PLC-1]
A customized program used to control the various components of the ECOBOI generation unit is fed into the PLC.

E. HMI [HMI-1]
It is used for monitoring and controlling the various parameters of the ECOBOI generation system.

F. Ozone Sensor with Transmitter [O3S-1, O3ST-1]
The ambient air Ozone sensor is used as a safety device which monitors the level of ozone in the surrounding atmosphere and displays the value in “PPM” on the HMI screen.

Major Connections:-
• The Ozone sensor & Ozone sensor transmitter are interconnected using a 3 core electrical wire.
• The HMI and the Ozone Sensor Transmitter are connected to 24 V power supply through an SMPS.
• An RS485 cable is used to connect the PLC to the HMI.
• The PLC is connected to the Ozone Sensor Transmitter through a Master RS485 electrical connection using flexible wires.
• As per PLC programming, the power is supplied to all the components including cooling fans, Ion Generator, ECOBOI Driver & ECOBOI Reactor, Air Pump, etc.

Advantages of ECOBOI Technology:
1. ECOBOI is a comprehensive treatment, most effective on physical, chemical & microbiological contaminants.
2. ECOBOI works on a unique Penetrate & Treat philosophy.
3. ECOBOI reaches to root cause & source of contamination, whether it is Physical, Chemical, or Microbiological
4. ECOBOI is always present in entire occupied &non-occupied spaces, protecting you 24 x 7
5. ECOBOI comes with a night Booster Mode for deep cleaning.
6. ECOBOI is the only technology that offers Multipoint Injection. Return Air | Supply Air | Within AHU.
7. ECOBOI complies with safe permissible levels like OSHA | USEPA | NIOSH | ASHRAE | WHO | ACGI

Application Area of ECOBOI Technology:
The application areas where ECOBOI technology is used are:
• Hotels
• Offices
• Hospitals
• Gymnasium
• Kitchen
• Health club
• Locker Room
• Schools & Colleges
• Beauty Parlor
• Theatre
• Malls
• Banquet Halls
• Waiting Rooms
• Smoking Lounges
• Restaurants
• Warehouse / Godowns
• Butchery shop
• Kitchen Exhaust
• STP Exhaust
• OWC Exhaust
• Garbage Room

The purpose for which ECOBOI technology is employed is as follows:
• Bacteria Elimination
• Virus Elimination
• Molds Control
• VOC Reduction
• Odor Reduction
• Surface Disinfection
• Work space disinfection
• Duct cleaning
• Washroom Disinfection
• Enhance Indoor Air Quality
• Cigarette smoke reduction
• Cigarette odor reduction
• Cold Room Disinfection
• Clean & Sterile surgical equipment

Comparison Spectrum:
• Depth & spectrum coverage of the Technology, its comparisons of different presently available technologies for air & surface treatment.

8. TECHNICAL ADVANCEMENT
While the foregoing specification has been described with respect to at least one embodiment, the present invention can be further modified within the spirit and scope of this invention. Therefore, this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention using its general principles. Further, this application is intended to cover such departures from the present invention which comes within the known or customary practice in the art to which this invention pertains.

9. SUMMARY
• This document covers the non-obvious objective of the invention, uniqueness of the technology, distinct advantages & versatile usability in diversified industries.
• Different indoor air pollutants, surface pollutants & contaminants.
• Present technique & their limitation.
• Purpose of the invention & its advantages & benefits.
• Novel aspects of the invention, principle of working of the technology, what are the different integration aspects of the solution.
• Design & calculations of the required dose, what are the safety compliances & their permissible limits.
• Brief description of the flow diagram & wiring diagrams.
• Bacteria eradication by oxidants.
• List of different physical, Chemical & Microbiological pollutants.
• Depth & spectrum coverage of the Technology, its comparisons of different presently available technologies for air & surface treatment. ,CLAIMS:I/WE CLAIM
1. An integrated system of reactor with ECOBOI Generator to produces three oxidants when ambient air is fed from the input. These oxidants are nascent oxygen, Hydroxyl Radicals & Ozone.
2. A system for producing high concentration oxidant using electronic driver & ECOBOI cell dissipation heat-sinks.
3. The system as in claim 1 & 2, is installed on both inner & outer electrode.
4. An integrated system as claimed in 1,2 & 3 to disinfected Indoor Air & Surface Bio-film.
5. The size, capacity and concentration of the ECOBOI generator as claimed in 1 ,2 & 3 is defined strictly based on the application and target area.
6. The size, capacity and concentration of the ECOBOI generator as claimed in 1, 2 & 3 is calculated through a proprietary PROSOFT projection software.
7. The parameter for calculation of ECOBOI generator as per claim 5 are but not limited to
a. Application area & height
b. Application type & their concern area (objective).
c. No. of Occupants.
d. No. of visitors.
e. Average door opening & closing frequency.
f. Diversified mix of contaminant (Constituent) & their Level (magnitude).
g. Oxidant concentration.
h. Oxidant reach & penetration power.
i. Flow of fresh air, exhaust air & re-circulating air.cc
8. The system as claimed in claim 1, 2 & 3 be integrated in the existing HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) layout at in supply air side, return air side & inside AHU (Air Handling Unit).
9. The system as claimed can be enabled with deep cleaning booster mode as and when required.