FORM 2
THE PATENT ACT 1970
(39 OF 1970)
&
The Patents Rules, 2003
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
EFFECTIVE HERBAL FORMULATION TO CONTROL TICKS ON ANIMALS
USING CUSTARD APPLE

TITLE
EFFECTIVE HERBAL FORMULATION TO CONTROL TICKS ON ANIMAL USING CUSTARD APPLE

EFFECTIVE HERBAL FORMULATION TO CONTROL TICKS ON ANIMAL USING CUSTARD APPLE
Field of invention
In agriculture and animal husbandry Ticks and mites are major problem for Catties and farmer's .Our research is related to preparation of certain natural formulation for treatment of Ticks and Mites. We have developed this from the waste seeds of the custard apple fruit. Waste seed powder in various extract form use4d against the Ticks and Mites. Developing the simple formulations.

EFFECTIVE HERBAL FORMULATION TO CONTROL TICKS ON ANIMAL USING CUSTARD APPLE
Summary of the invention
> Waste custard apple seeds are used for study
> All seeds of the custard apple seeds converted to powder
> Simple extraction with various solvent was carried out.
> Simple method for the extraction was used
> All extracts are converted to powder
> All powder material can be test against the ticks and mites
> Aqueous and ethanol extract shows the excellent activity against ticks and mites.
> We develop very simple method for the control of the tick and mites.
> Low cost formulation from waste.

EFFECTIVE HERBAL FORMULATION TO CONTROL TICKS ON ANIMAL USING CUSTARD APPLE
Objects of invention
> Many different species of bloodsucking fleas, lice, ticks and mites are present . Mostly the Lice live on humans or in their clothing, while fleas are frequently found taking blood-meals on people and domestic animals and other . Mostly Bedbugs, which can be found in beds or furniture, feed on humans to obtain blood-meals. Certain mites live in people's skin, e.g. the mites that cause scabies. Other mite species and ticks may take blood-meals on humans. Fleas, bedbugs and lice are insects, whereas ticks and mites belong to another group of arthropods, the Acarina.
> The subclass Acari includes ticks (order Ixodida) and mites (Mesostigmata, Trombidiformes, Sarcoptiformes, several other orders). Ticks can transmit several pathogens and cause direct damage (e.g., blood depletion, skin lesions, and paralysis) to their host. Mites can cause lesions in the skin (e.g., mange-causing mites) of their hosts and affect their respiratory tract. Some free-living mites and their discarded cuticles can be aspired by and cause allergic reactions in humans.
> The most noticeable difference between ticks and mites is their size. Ticks are usually 1 mm long and can be seen with the naked eye. They can increase in length up to 3 centimeters after feeding. Mites, on the other hand, are less than one mm in size and hence, they cannot be seen with the naked eye i.e. they are microscopic. Ticks are usually acquired when walking through tall grass, shrubs and bushes.
> Ticks attach to your dog by inserting their mouthparts into your Animal skin. Many ticks also produce a sticky, gluelike substance that helps them to remain

attached. After attaching to your animal , ticks begin feeding on dog's and other animals blood. The places where ticks attach can become red and irritated
> ugh rare, ticks can consume enough of dog's and other animals blood to cause a deficiency called anemia. Certain female ticks can also cause a rare paralysis in dogs as a result of a toxin they produce while feeding. More important, ticks are capable of causing many diseases in dog's and other animals. The disease with which most people are familiar is called Lyme disease. Another is Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
> Lyme disease can cause arthritis and swelling of dog's and other animals joints, resulting in painful lameness. Rocky Mountain spotted fever can cause fever, lameness, and other signs. There are also other diseases that ticks can transmit to dog's and other animals.
> Most of the medicines are chemical in origin
> These may also lead to the various side effects in these animals
> Many times effect on the central nervous system also
> We have to develop the certain simple formulation from the waste
> This formulation must be effective simple and cost effective in nature.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Custard apple tree is especially attractive. It is erect, with a rounded or spreading crown and trunk 25-35 cm thick. Height ranges from 4.5-10 meter. The leaves are deciduous, alternate, oblong or narrow-lance late, 10-20 cm, long, 2 5 cm wide, with conspicuous veins with ill-smelling. Flowers, in limp clusters, are fragrant, slender, with 3-4 outer fleshy, narrow petals 3/4 to 2 3 cm. long; light-green externally and pale-yellow with a dark-red or purple spot on the inside at the base.
Custard apple (Annona squamosa) of family Annonaceae is common plant of India and well described for its good traditional medicinal values. Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae), usually known as custard apple is an intrinsic of West Indies and is cultivated throughout India, mostly for its edible fruit. Mostly plant is attributed with medicinal properties, reported by Shirwaikar etal, 2004. Various researcher also investigated the good anti-diabetic potential of ethanolic and aqueous extract of leaves of Annona squamosa against type 1 and type 2 diabetes reported by Gupta et al,2005 and Kaleem et al, in 2008. Young leaves of annona squamosa are used widely for its anti-diabetic activity by tribal men in and around the villages of Aligarh district in the state of Utlar Pradesh, India reported by Atique et al, 1985 and also by the people of Chota Nagpur district in the state of Bihar, India reported by Topno, 1997. The villagers take a mixture of 4-5 newly emerged young leaves along with five grains of black pepper, Piper nigrum early in the morning for the treatment of diabetes, with continued therapy ensuring positive results.
It is very popular in the Lodha community where the plant is considered to be a holy fruit. It has being successfully used by selected Unani and Allopathic physicians and is in existence till era. The aqueous leaf extract of annona squamosa has also been reported to ameliorate hyperthyroidism which is often considered as a causative factor of diabetes mellitus reported by Sunanda and Anand, 2003. Quercetin may also induce insulin secretion by activation of L-type calcium channels in the pancreatic cells reported by Bardy et al., 2013.

The food producers tend to produce safer food choices to meet consumers' demand. A healthy food is a food believed to be highly beneficial to health which generally contains lots of fruits and vegetables and is low in fat, salt and sugar. High percentage of sugar, salt and fat may contribute to high risk of health problems regarding to diabetes, obesity, high blood glucose, high cholesterol, teeth decay and cancer reported by Knecht 1990.
Ticks and tick-borne diseases affect animal and human health worldwide and are the cause of significant economic losses. Approximately 10% of the currently known 867 tick species act as vectors of a broad range of pathogens of domestic animals and humans and are also responsible for damage directly due to their feeding behavior.
In general, tick-borne protozoan diseases (particularly theilerioses and babebesioses), rickettsial diseases (such as anaplasmoses and heartwater or cowdriosis) are serious and the direct damages are pre-eminent health and management problems of cattle and small ruminants, as well as buffalo, affecting the livelihood of farming communities in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Recently, tick-borne diseases were again ranked high in terms of their impact on the livelihood of resource poor farming communities in developing countries reported by Perry et al 2002 and Minjauw & McLeod, 2003. This is particularly relevant in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Latin America, where the demand for livestock products is increasing rapidly reported by Delgado, 1999. Ticks and tick-transmitted infections have co-evolved with various wild animal hosts; constitute reservoir hosts for ticks and tick-borne pathogens of livestock, pets and humans.
They have only become problems of domestic livestock when these wild hosts came into contact with them, either because man moved livestock into infested regions, or moved livestock infested with the ticks into previously uninfected regions.
An example of man moving ticks and tick-borne diseases with livestock is the introduction of Boophilus ticks together with the livestock diseases they transmit into the Western hemisphere and Asia.
Tick-borne diseases affect 80% of the world's cattle population and are widely distributed throughout the world, particularly in the tropics and subtropics they represent

an important proportion of all animal diseases affecting the livelihood of poor farmers in tropical countries.
The complex of vector-borne diseases directly or indirectly constrains the growth of the livestock industry, which is of fundamental importance to rural people in sustaining not only their food supply, but also their daily income and other agricultural activities reported by FAO, 2011. Cattle are free ranging and they graze extensively which makes them prone to diseases and parasites reported by Marufu, 2008. Ticks acquire pathogens from an infested host during a blood meal, maintain infested through multiple life stages by the means of transtidial passages and transmit it on to other hosts when feeding again reported by Klareenbeek, 2010.
Cost for treatment and Control of tick and tick-borne diseases is complex one. The problems related to ticks and tick-borne diseases of cattle created a demand for methods to control ticks and reduce losses of cattle reported by George et al, 2004. Control of tick infestations and the transmission of tick-borne diseases remain a challenge for the cattle industry in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Tick control is a priority for many countries in tropical and subtropical regions reported by Lodos et al, 2000.
For most tick-borne diseases, early treatment is essential. The lack of available estimates of the prevalence and incidence of each tick-borne disease makes it difficult to determine their impact. However, since TBDs tick-borne diseases are each vectored by particular tick species, the potential distribution of each disease can be estimated from the distribution of its vectors. Tick distribution is the principal indicator used to estimate the distribution of TBDs reported by Rajput et al., 2006.
Ticks were the first arthropods to be established as vectors of pathogens and currently they are recognized, along with mosquitoes, as the main arthropod vectors of disease agents to humans and domestic animals globally reported by Colwell et al, 2011 . The risk of TBDs is increasing worldwide, and this situation seems to be driven by several interacting factors. Wildlife populations can naturally migrate, bringing ticks and tick-borne pathogens from one area to another reported by Piesman and Eisen, 2008.

The higher reproductive rate of ticks that have heritable resistance factors and the resulting increase in the proportion of the population of ticks that carry genes for these factors is known as selection reported by Carvalho et al., 2013.
Studying the mechanisms of resistance to ticks among different breeds of cattle may contribute to the development of alternative control methods are reported by Gasparin et al, 2007.
The successful implementation of rational and sustainable tick control programs in grazing animals is dependent upon a sound knowledge of the ecology or epidemiology of the parasite as it interacts with the host in specific, reported in Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare.
The most widely used method for the effective control of ticks is the direct application of acaricides to host animals, reported by Sudhakar et al, 2013. The main weapon for the control of ticks at present is the use of chemical acaricides. Individual animals can be effectively treated by the application of any one of the members of acaricides, applied either as a spray or by dipping. The choice of acaricide depends largely on persistence of the compound on the skin and hair coat; likelihood of residues toxic to man appearing in the milk or meat and whether or not the ticks in the area have developed resistance to the particular acaricide, reported by Radostits et al, 2006.
Biological control is a component of an integrated pest management (IPM) system. It is defined as, introduction of one microorganism into the environment of other to obtain control of target parasite. Thereby, it reduces the population growth of the latter below the threshold, above which causes clinical diseases and economic losses. It involves an active human role and is not having any negative impact reported by Abdigoudarzi et al., 2009.
Grazing management: Pasture rotation combined with acaricide application is one economical method for controlling ticks on beef cattle and it reduces tick densities on a large scale. Areas with good vegetation and high rainfall, however, produce more ticks than those with poor vegetation and erratic rainfall. Pasture burning can also be used to effectively control ticks as it significantly reduces tick populations on pasture reported by

Mandal et al, 2013. Development of cattle lines or a breed with enhanced, genetically based disease resistance is an especially attractive prospect reported by De Castro and Newson, 1993.
Vaccination: There may be many alternative tick control measures; immunization against ticks at present seems both practical and sustainable due to their cost effectiveness, reduction of environmental contamination and the prevention of drug-resistant ticks caused by repeated acaricide application reported by Suarez and Noh, 2011.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
Extraction
Three-necked Round Bottom Flask (RBF) of 500 ml capacity taken. A thermometer is inserted at one neck of RBF through a thermo well, while a condenser is attached at the other neck for condensing the vapor or minimizing the carryover of the solvent. The test sample with solvent is agitated with an impeller centrally placed through the middle neck of RBF. The custard apple seeds are collected, freed from dirt and then sun dried to remove moisture. The seeds are then decorticated mechanically, to separate the kernel from the hulls as they contain very less amount of oil. The inner part is then ground to fine particles. Then the particles are taken to an extraction vessel and the solvent is added. The contents are agitated for different temperature and time periods. Various extracts were prepared using different solvents with different polarity.
Preparation and Application
First the blank solution is prepared by mixing 6 parts of surfactant with 94 parts of water. Infected area on the body of the different animal is selected and marked with a marker. Inside the marked area number of ticks is counted with help a needle. The blank solution is sprayed on the pest attacked surface with a spray gun and its effect is observed.
In the next step, different compositions of extract of custard seed powder (0.0%, 15%, 30% and 75%) are prepared by mixing it with blank solution and sprayed on infected part

of the animal to find the effectiveness of bio-pesticide. The effect is also observed for seven days by counting the numbers of ticks on the infected part.
Study on Cows with 30 % solution

SI. No. No. of Days No. of ticks
01 00 26
02 01 24
03 02 21
04 03 20
05 04 19
06 05 18
07 06 18
Study on Buffalos with 30 % solution

SI. No. No. of days No. of ticks No. of white mealy bugs
01 0 42 34
02 1 28 30
03 2 24 2
04 3 19 1
05 4 16 0
06 5 14 0
07 6 11 0

References
[1] C. P. J. Isaac and A. Sivakumar, Removal of lead and cadmium ions from water using
Annona squamosa shell: kinetic and equilibrium studies!, Desalination and Water
Treatment, vol. 51, pp. 7700-7709, May 2013.
[2] D. Sud, G. Mahajan, and M.P. Kaur, Agricultural waste material as potential
adsorbent for sequestering heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions - A review!,
Bioresource Technology, vol. 99, pp. 6017-6027, Sep. 2008,.
[3] P. Senthil Kumar, K. Kirthika, Equilibrium and kinetic study of adsorption of nickel
from aqueous solution onto Bael tree leaf powderl, Journal of Engineering Science and
Technology, vol. 4, pp. 351-363, Dec. 2009.
[4] Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, General standards for discharge of
environmental pollutants!, Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi, 1986.
[5] D.W.O'Connell, C. Birkinshaw and T.F.O'Dwyer, Heavy metal adsorbents prepared
from the modification of cellulose: A reviewl, Bioresource Technology, vol. 99, pp.
6709-6724., Oct. 2008.
[6] A. Radenovic, J. Malina and A. Strkalj, Removal of Ni (II) from aqueous solution by
low-cost adsorbents!, The Holistic Approach to Environment, vol. 1, pp. .109-120, Jul. 2011,.
[7] T. Santhi, S. Manonmani and T. Smitha, Kinetics and isotherm studies on cationic dyes adsorption onto Annona sqamosa seed activated carbonl, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, vol. 2, pp. 287-295, Mar. 2010.
[8] V. R. Parate and M. I. Talib, Study of metal adsorbent prepared from Tur Dal (Cajanus cajan) husk: a value addition to agro-waste, IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, vol. 8, pp. 43-54, Sep. 2014.
[9] Bureau of Indian Standards IS 877: 1989, Activated carbons, powdered and granular-methods of sampling and test (Second Revision), BIS, New Delhi, pp. 1-7, 1989.
[10] Bureau of Indian Standards IS 14767: 2000, Determination of specific electrical conductivity of soils-Method of test, BIS, pp. 1-4, 2000.

EFFECTIVE HERBAL FORMULATION TO CONTROL TICKS ON ANIMALS
USING CUSTARD APPLE
Claims
Claim 1
Different extracts of the Custard apple seeds used against ticks on various animal.
Claim 2
Different extracts of Custard apple seeds used have good anti-tick activity.
Claim 3
Seed powder has more activity than the kernel powder of the seeds.
Claim 4
Methanol extracts of Custard apple seeds can be used as strong ant-tick agents.
Claim 5
30 % Methanol extract of Custard apple seeds used as effective agent against ticks.
Claim 6
We claim 1 - 100 % aqueous/ethanol/methanol/DMSO or DMF extracts of Custard apple seeds having anti-tick activity.
Claim 7
We claim different structures obtained from the powder of the custard apple seeds.