Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to water purification compositions. Specifically, the present disclosure provides an effervescent composition for purification of contaminated water comprising Carica papaya seeds.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Background description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.
[0003] Water is an essential resource for all life on earth. There are plenty of water sources available but the usability of these sources is limited. Water needed for household usage such as cooking, drinking etc. needs to meet certain standards to be suitable for consumption. Water may be contaminated with excess salts such as calcium and magnesium salts which cause hardness, pathogens which are disease-causing microscopic beings invisible to naked eye, or industrial wastes such as lead, or fertilizers. Exposure to such contaminated water decreases immunity, damages organs, and cause diseases for example, cholera, typhoid, and diarrhea. Uncontaminated water is therefore an essential requirement and several ways have been determined in the past for its purification.
[0004] Some of the common methods of purification include using water purifying systems or chlorine tablets. Water purifying systems are complex systems functioning based on a combination of filtration, sedimentation, and reverse osmosis. But these systems are expensive and their usage is limited to urban areas. Chlorine water purification tablets use strong chemicals (chlorine/iodine/chlorine dioxide) that are added to contaminated water. Although the pathogens are killed, they remain suspended in this water. Any turbidity, discoloration or smell stays, rather chlorine has an undesirable taste and scent that is left behind.
[0005] There is a need in the art to look for alternate ways of purification of water which are chemical-free, economical and that overcomes the deficiencies of conventional compositions/techniques of water purification.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
[0006] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a composition for purification of contaminated water.
[0007] An object of the present disclosure is to provide an effervescent composition for purification of contaminated water comprising Carica papaya seeds.
[0008] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a composition that effectively maintains pH, reduces turbidity, and total suspended solids (TSS) of contaminated water.
[0009] Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a composition that is environmentally friendly and economical.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in Detailed Description section. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0011] Aspects of the present disclosure provide a water purification composition that is effervescent and leads to effective delivery of Carica papaya seeds in contaminated water for its purification. The disclosure provides effervescent compositions made from Carica papaya seeds which is readily available and is an active coagulant in water.
[0012] In an aspect, the present disclosure provides an effervescent composition for purification of contaminated water comprising Carica papaya seeds, citric acid, tartaric acid, a bicarbonate salt, and maltitol.
[0013] In an embodiment, the composition comprises Carica papaya seeds as dried Carica papaya seeds powder.
[0014] In an embodiment, the composition comprises Carica papaya seeds in a weight percentage range of about 37.9% to about 38.4% of the composition. In an embodiment, the composition comprises citric acid in a weight percentage range of about 12.6% to about 12.8% of the composition. In an embodiment, the composition comprises tartaric acid in a weight percentage range of about 1.28% to about 1.5% of the composition. In an embodiment, the composition comprises a bicarbonate salt in a weight percentage range of about 28% to about 28.2% of the composition. In an embodiment, the composition comprises maltitol in a weight percentage range of about 15% to about 15.8% of the composition.
[0015] In an embodiment, the composition further comprises an excipient. The excipient may be selected from fragrance, preservative, flavoring agent, lubricant, sweetening agent, or combinations thereof.
[0016] In an aspect, the present disclosure provides an effervescent formulation for purification of contaminated water comprising Carica papaya seeds, citric acid, tartaric acid, sodium bicarbonate, maltitol, and an excipient. The excipient may be selected from fragrance, preservative, flavoring agent, lubricant, sweetening agent, or combinations thereof.
[0017] In an embodiment, the effervescent formulation is an effervescent tablet formulation.
[0018] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of production of the effervescent tablet formulation comprising the steps of: (a) drying, powdering and optionally sieving the Carica papaya seeds and converting them into granules by dry granulation; (b) weighing and mixing the citric acid, tartaric acid, sodium bicarbonate, maltitol, and the excipients with the granules to obtain a homogenous powder; and (c) compressing the powder to give the effervescent tablet formulation.
[0019] Other aspects of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learnt by the practice of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] The following drawings form part of the present specification and are included to further illustrate aspects of the present disclosure. The disclosure may be better understood by reference to the drawings in combination with the detailed description of the specific embodiments presented herein.
[0021] Figure 1 provides a graphical representation of the variation of turbidity (in Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU)) of water with dose of Carica papaya seed powder in a formulation, as per an embodiment of the present disclosure, used for 1L contaminated water treatment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0022] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure. The embodiments are in such detail as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
[0023] All publications herein are incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. Where a definition or use of a term in an incorporated reference is inconsistent or contrary to the definition of that term provided herein, the definition of that term provided herein applies and the definition of that term in the reference does not apply.
[0024] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
[0025] In some embodiments, numbers have been used for quantifying weights, percentages, ratios, and so forth, to describe and claim certain embodiments of the invention and are to be understood as being modified in some instances by the term “about.” Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters set forth in the written description and attached claims are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by a particular embodiment. In some embodiments, the numerical parameters should be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of some embodiments of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as practicable. The numerical values presented in some embodiments of the invention may contain certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements.
[0026] Various terms as used herein are shown below. To the extent a term used in a claim is not defined below, it should be given the broadest definition persons in the pertinent art have given that term as reflected in printed publications and issued patents at the time of filing.
[0027] As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0028] Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification which follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, such as, “comprises” and “comprising” are to be construed in an open, inclusive sense that is as “including, but not limited to.”
[0029] The recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein.
[0030] All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g. “such as”) provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention.
[0031] Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member can be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. One or more members of a group can be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is herein deemed to contain the group as modified.
[0032] The description that follows, and the embodiments described therein, is provided by way of illustration of an example, or examples, of particular embodiments of the principles and aspects of the present disclosure. These examples are provided for the purposes of explanation, and not of limitation, of those principles and of the disclosure.
[0033] It should also be appreciated that the present disclosure can be implemented in numerous ways, including as a system, a method or a device. In this specification, these implementations, or any other form that the invention may take, may be referred to as processes. In general, the order of the steps of the disclosed processes may be altered within the scope of the invention.
[0034] The headings and abstract of the invention provided herein are for convenience only and do not interpret the scope or meaning of the embodiments.
[0035] The following discussion provides many example embodiments of the inventive subject matter. Although each embodiment represents a single combination of inventive elements, the inventive subject matter is considered to include all possible combinations of the disclosed elements. Thus if one embodiment comprises elements A, B, and C, and a second embodiment comprises elements B and D, then the inventive subject matter is also considered to include other remaining combinations of A, B, C, or D, even if not explicitly disclosed.
[0036] The term ‘contaminated water’ as used herein may refer to water comprising undesired organic solids, inorganic solids, organic liquid, or inorganic liquids such as but not limited to calcium, magnesium, lead, or copper. The term also includes water comprising pathogens.
[0037] The terms ‘contaminated water’ and ‘raw water’ have been used interchangeably in the present disclosure.
[0038] Aspects of the present disclosure provide water purification compositions. Specifically the compositions of the present disclosure are effervescent comprising a natural and readily available active coagulant - Carica papaya seeds for purifying raw water.
[0039] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides an effervescent composition for purification of contaminated water comprising Carica papaya seeds, citric acid, tartaric acid, a bicarbonate salt, and maltitol.
[0040] In an embodiment, the composition comprises Carica papaya seeds as dried Carica papaya seeds powder. Maltitol acts as a natural binder for the composition.
[0041] In an embodiment, the composition comprises a surprising synergistic effect. Without being bound to theory, it is believed that the effectiveness of any composition is dependent on the effective delivery of the active component. Carica papaya seeds possess a natural coagulating property and have macro/mesoporous texture with large pore sizes which play an important role in adsorption or removal of contaminants such as, but not limited to, Pb2+ and Cu2+ from contaminated water. The effervescent composition as defined above ensures maximum delivery of Carica papaya seeds in the contaminated water for its most effective treatment.
[0042] In an embodiment, the composition comprises Carica papaya seeds in a weight percentage range of about 37.9% to about 38.4% of the composition. In an embodiment, the composition comprises citric acid in a weight percentage range of about 12.6% to about 12.8% of the composition. In an embodiment, the composition comprises tartaric acid in a weight percentage range of about 1.28% to about 1.5% of the composition. In an embodiment, the composition comprises bicarbonate salt in a weight percentage range of about 28% to about 28.2% of the composition. In an embodiment, the composition comprises maltitol in a weight percentage range of about 15% to about 15.8% of the composition.
[0043] In an embodiment, citric acid includes citric acid salts, hydrates, or derivatives thereof. In an embodiment, tartaric acid includes tartaric acid salts, hydrates, or derivatives thereof. In an embodiment, the bicarbonate salt may be potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, lithium bicarbonate, magnesium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate, or combinations thereof. Preferably, the bicarbonate salt may be sodium bicarbonate.
[0044] In an embodiment, the composition further comprises an excipient. The excipient may be selected from fragrance, preservative, flavoring agent, lubricant, sweetening agent, or combinations thereof.
[0045] In an embodiment, the composition is a natural coagulant and removes bacterial toxins. In an embodiment, the composition has adsorption properties that removes turbidity from water and reduces any undesired coloring. In an embodiment, the composition reduces hardness and maintains pH of water. In an embodiment, the composition is natural, environmentally safe, and economical. In an embodiment, the composition is a rich source of proteins and also provides anti-microbial effect of up to 95%.
[0046] In an embodiment, the composition may have an effervescence time of less than 2 minutes. Increased effervescence results in increased dissolution of the composition in water which means faster release of components and quicker initiation of water purification process.
[0047] In an embodiment, the composition when added to water produces pleasant tasting solution.
[0048] In some embodiments, the composition may reduce turbidity of water to up to about 3 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTUs). In an embodiment, the composition maintains pH of water as in source or raw water. In an embodiment, the composition may reduce total dissolved solids of water to up to 81%. In an embodiment, the composition reduces hardness of water.
[0049] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides an effervescent formulation for purification of contaminated water comprising Carica papaya seeds, citric acid, tartaric acid, sodium bicarbonate, maltitol, and an excipient. The excipient may be selected from fragrance, preservative, flavoring agent, lubricant, sweetening agent, or combinations thereof.
[0050] In an embodiment, the fragrance may be selected from mint, menthol, rose, sandalwood, lemongrass, lavender, or combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the preservative may be selected from magnesium carbonate, sodium benzoate, or combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the flavoring agent may be selected from strawberry, lemon, mint, citrus, menthol, vanilla, or combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the lubricant may be selected from talc, polyethylene glycol, magnesium stearate, or combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the sweetening agent may be selected from sucrose, fructose, glucose, aspartame, or combinations thereof.
[0051] In an embodiment, the formulation may be a solid, liquid or semi-solid. In an embodiment, the formulation may be selected from a tablet, capsule, powder, suspension, aerosol, gel, or solution.
[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the formulation is an effervescent tablet formulation.
[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the formulation used for purification of one liter of contaminated water comprises about 1gm to about 2gm of Carica papaya seeds, preferably about 1.5gm of Carica papaya seeds.
[0054] In an embodiment, the tablets are easy to use, have storage stability and are readily transportable.
[0055] In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method of production of the effervescent tablet formulation comprising the steps of: (a) drying, powdering and optionally sieving the Carica papaya seeds and converting them into granules by dry granulation; (b) weighing and mixing the citric acid, tartaric acid, sodium bicarbonate, maltitol, and the excipients with the granules to obtain a homogenous powder; and (c) compressing the powder to give the effervescent tablet formulation.
[0056] In an embodiment, the Carica papaya seeds may be dried at room temperature for a period of 5 to 10 days.
[0057] In an embodiment, the powder may be compressed by direct compression.
[0058] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method of treating contaminated water, wherein the method comprises the steps of: a) exposing the contaminated water to the effervescent composition as recited above, and (b) stirring to activate the composition and give treated water.
EXAMPLES
[0059] The disclosure will now be illustrated with working examples, which are intended to illustrate the working of the disclosure and not intended to take restrictively to imply any limitations on the scope of the present disclosure. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice of the disclosed methods and compositions, the exemplary methods, devices and materials are described herein. It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to particular methods, and experimental conditions described, as such methods and conditions may vary.
[0060] MATERIALS: The contaminated water sample was collected by immersing a sterilized plastic container until it was full from Sukhna lake and Ghaggar river flowing through Panchkula. Fruit of Carica papaya used in this example were collected from market and nearby locations in Haryana, India.
Example 1: Preparation of seed powder
[0061] The fruit of Carica papaya was sliced open using a clean knife. The seeds were washed several times with distilled water. The seeds were then dried under sunlight for a period of 7 days before crushing them. The dried seeds were crushed into a fine powder using home grinder and the obtained powder was collected in a sterile bottle with air tight cap.
Example 2: Preparation of formulation
[0062] The effervescent tablet formulation was prepared by dry granulation method based on the components of Table No. 1. Fine powder of seeds was prepared to slug. Then, the slugs were crushed and passed through a Sieve No. 20 to give seed granules. Other components of the composition were weighed and mixed with seed granules to obtain a homogeneous powder. These powders were then compressed into corresponding tablets formulations.
Table No. 1: Effervescent formulation for purification of water

SN Component Formulation C1 (gms) Formulation C2 (gms) Formulation C3 (gms) Formulation C4 (gms) Formulation C5 (gms) Formulation C6 (gms)
1 Carica papaya seed powder 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 2
2 Citric acid 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.66
3 Tartaric acid 0.01 0.02 0.034 0.04 0.05 0.06
4 Sodium bicarbonate 0.22 0.44 0.66 0.88 1.1 1.46
5 Maltitol 0.124 0.24 0.37 0.49 0.62 0.82
6 Aspartame 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
7 PEG600 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
8 Strawberry flavor 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.133

[0063] Evaluation of pre-compressional parameters for the formulations of Table No. 1 was performed as detailed below and the results are presented in Table No. 2.
[0064] 1) Particle size: Sieve method was used for this test. Sieves of different meshes (20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 70 and 100) were selected and placed on top of each other. 100 g of the homogenous powder was placed on the upper sieve. After 10 min. of mild shaking the amount remaining on each sieve was collected. Average diameter of powder was calculated by the following equation:

xi = Average size of both the upper and lower sieve
[0065] 2) Bulk Density: A quantity of accurately weighed homogenous powder from each formulation was introduced in to the measuring cylinder and then the volume was noted. Bulk density was expressed in g/ml and was determined by the following formula:

[0066] 3) Tapped Density: A quantity of accurately weighed homogenous powder from each formulation was introduced into a measuring cylinder. The cylinder was hit from the height of 2.5 cm every 2 s, up to volume plateau. Tapped density was calculated from the following formula:

[0067] 4) Compressibility index and Hausner's ratio: These parameters provide flow properties of the powder. Compressibility index was expressed in percentage. The parameters were obtained by the following equations:

[0068] 5) Angle of Repose: It was measured by fixed funnel method. A funnel was secured with its tip at a given height H, above graph paper that was placed on a flat horizontal surface. Powders were carefully poured through the funnel until the apex of the conical pile just touches the tip of the funnel. The angle of repose (a) was then calculated by measuring the height (h) and radius (r) of the heap of the formed powder and putting the values in the equation:
tan (a) =
where, a = Angle of repose

Table No. 2: Pre-compressional parameters
S. No. Parameter Formulation C1 Formulation C2 Formulation C3 Formulation C4 Formulation C5 Formulation C6
1 Particle size (µ) 290 310 310.5 330.3 334.5 349.6
2 Bulk Density (g/mL) 0.52 0.59 0.61 0.65 0.87 0.98
3 Tapped Density (g/mL) 0.77 0.79 0.81 0.74 0.78 0.82
4 Compressibility index % 8.22 8.9 9.42 9.98 10.88 12.77
5 Hausner's ratio 0.98 1.2 1.45 1.51 1.341 1.28
6 Angle of repose 22.41 23.54 28.3 26.8 29.0 30.2

[0069] Evaluation of post-compressional parameters for the tablet formulations of Table No. 1 was performed as detailed below and the results are presented in Table No. 3.
[0070] 1) Weight variation: Twenty tablets were weighed individually and the average weight was calculated. The individual weights were then compared with the average weight. The tablets pass the test if not more than two tablets fall outside the percentage limit and weight of none of the tablets differs by more than double percentage limit.
[0071] 2) Friability: A total of 20 tablets were weighed and placed in a friabilator (Erweka, TAP, Germany) and then operated at 25 rpm for 4 min. The tablets were then weighed again. The difference in the two weights was used to calculate friability as follows:
Friability % = ×100
[0072] 3) pH of solution: One tablet was dissolved in purified water. After complete dissolution, the solution’s pH was measured by a pH meter. This test was repeated 3 times for each formulation.
[0073] 4) Carbon dioxide content: One effervescent tablet was dissolved in 100 ml sulfuric acid (1N) and weight variation was measured before and after dissolution. CO2 content was presented as mg. This experiment was conducted on three tablets for each formulation.
[0074] 5) Hardness: The tablet hardness was determined by hardness tester.
[0075] 6) Effervescence time: A tablet was placed in a glass containing purified water and effervescent time was measured by a stopwatch.
[0076] 7) Thickness: Thickness was measured by using a calibrated dial caliper. 10 tablets of each formulation were evaluated.
[0077] 8) Assay: A tablet was placed in a 100 ml volumetric flask and dissolved in phosphate buffer of pH 5. After dilution, the amount of the drug was determined by UV spectrophotometer at 229.8 nm against blank. 10 tablets of each formulation were evaluated.
[0078] 9) Content uniformity: After selecting 10 tablets randomly, the content of each tablet was separately determined.
[0079] 10) Anti-microbial activity: The antimicrobial activity of the tablets was determined by the disc diffusion method against E. coli and S. aureus.
Table No. 3: Post- compressional parameters of Tablet formulations
S. No. Parameter
Formulation C1 Formulation C2 Formulation C3 Formulation C4 Formulation C5 Formulation C6
1 Weight variation (%) 1.98±0.02 2.01±0.01 2.32±0.03 3.96±0.01 4.42±0.03 4.59±0.04
2 Friability (%) 0.744±0.01 0.82±0.01 0.922±0.03 0.97±0.02 0.93±0.04 0.99±0.06
3 pH 4.8±0.02 4.91±0.03 5.4±0.03 5.7±0.04 5.89±0.02 5.91±0.05
4 Carbon dioxide content 298±13 301±15 315±12 320±15 440±14 460±14
5 Hardness (N) 68.55 2.24 72.55 2.11 79.15 .23
75.55
71.87 2.21 69.55

6 Effervescence time (s) 119
123
129
128
133
130

7 Thickness (mm) 4.48
5.23
5.73
5.48
6.03
6.50

8 Assay results (mg) 2100
2230
2583
2700
2930
2983

9 Content Uniformity (%) 1.22 2.67 2.53 3.12 3.67 3.53
10 Anti-microbial activity (%) 78.99±0.04 86.22±0.03 89.22±0.02 95.12±0.02 92.24±0.02 91.56±0.02

Example 3: Water Purification Test
[0080] The physico-chemical properties of the contaminated water sample used in this study are presented in Table No. 4 & 5. From the table it is clear that turbidity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids and BOD value of water were much higher as compared to drinking water standards set by World Health Organization (WHO) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Hence there was need for treatment of this water.

Table No. 4: Physico-chemical properties of contaminated water from Sukhna Lake
Parameter Initial Result WHO Standard BIS Standard
pH 7.6 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5
Turbidity(NTU) 42 5 5
Total suspended solids(mg/L) 860 - -
Total dissolved solids(mg/L) 780 500 500
Dissolved oxygen(mg/L) 4.0 - 4-6
Biochemical oxygen demand(mg/L) 1.9 6 2
Total Hardness 232 - -

Table No. 5: Physico-chemical properties of contaminated water from Ghaggar river
Parameter Initial Result WHO Standard BIS Standard
pH 7.8 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5
Turbidity(NTU) 47 5 5
Total suspended solids(mg/L) 298 - -
Total dissolved solids(mg/L) 721 500 500
Dissolved oxygen(mg/L) 7.3 - 4-6
Biochemical oxygen demand(mg/L) 42 6 2
Total Hardness 241 - -

[0081] Different tablet formulations of Table No. 1 (0.3gm, 0.6 gm, 0.9 gm, 1.2 gm, 1.5 gm and 2gm) were taken and then put into 1000 mL of the collected river water. The solution was shaken properly for 1 minute for activation and extraction of coagulant and anti-microbial proteins from the seeds and was kept for magnetic stirring for 0.5 hour, 1 hour, and 2 hours respectively. The treated water was then allowed to stand undisturbed for 6 hours. Later, top layer of 100 ml was collected and subjected to post treatment analysis. Water quality tests were conducted using standard methods in APHA 1998.
[0082] 1) Turbidity: Turbidity of raw water sample is due to the presence of suspended impurities of organic and inorganic salts. It is the measure of the degree to which the water loses its transparency due to the presence of suspended particulates. Jar test experiment was conducted to measure the turbidity removal efficiency of the tablets. The tablet formulations of Table No. 1 were added to Sukhna water sample. The turbidity removal by the formulations has been provided in Table No. 6 and plotted in Figure 1. After experiment, it was clear, that the effervescent tablet formulations have potential to remove turbidity of raw water sample. Best result was observed at optimum formulation C5 comprising 1.5 g of seed powder, i.e. 1.5g/L dose of the seed powder, at which 93.09% turbidity was removed from the sample.
Table No. 6: Turbidity removal by the tablet formulations
S.No. Volume of sample (ml) Tablet formulations Initial Turbidity (NTU) Final turbidity (NTU) % removal
1. 1000 C1 42 6.2 85.2
2. 1000 C2 42 6.1 85.47
3. 1000 C3 42 6.3 85
4. 1000 C4 42 4.8 86.19
5. 1000 C5 42 2.9 93.09
6. 1000 C6 42 4.6 89.04

[0083] 2) Total dissolved solids (TDS): TDS is caused due to dissolved inorganic and organic salts. It was determined by gravimetric method using water sample from Ghaggar river. It may be observed from Table No. 7, the amount of total dissolved solid decreases with increase of amount of seed powder in the formulation. Maximum efficiency was noted when 1.5g of seed powder was added to one liter water in the C5 formulation (1.5 g seed powder). For this formulation 81.69% TDS were removed from water sample.
Table No. 7: Total Dissolved Solids removal by the tablet formulations
S.No. Volume of sample (ml) Tablet formulation Initial TDS (mg/L) Final TDS (mg/L) % removal
1. 1000 C1 721 169 76.56
2. 1000 C2 721 164 77.25
3. 1000 C3 721 153 78.77
4. 1000 C4 721 149 79.33
5. 1000 C5 721 132 81.69
6. 1000 C6 721 139 80.72

[0084] 3) Hardness: Hardness in raw water is due to the presence of calcium, magnesium and other hardness causing substances that means if hardness increases, the required dosage of seed powder increases. Hardness was 232 mg/L for Sukhna lake raw water, after treatment with Carica papaya seed powder the hardness got reduced to 137, 121, 115 mg/L for formulations C2 (0.6gm Carica papaya seed powder for 1 liter water or 0.6 gm/L), C4 (1.2gm/L), and C5 (1.5gm/L) respectively. It was observed that hardness of water decreased with increase in dose of coagulants used.
[0085] 4) Antimicrobial activities: The Carica papaya seed containing tablet formulations showed excellent antimicrobial activities which were confirmed through disc diffusion zone.
[0086] 5) Effervescent time: The effervescence time for all the formulations was less than 2 min. that is within the range of Indian pharmacopeial standard.
[0087] 6) pH: pH of the water sample was measured using digital pH meter. There was no significant change in pH before and after experiment as presented in Table No. 8. Therefore, it was concluded that the tablet formulation maintains the pH of water sample.
Table No. 8: pH of water sample
S.No. Volume of sample (ml) Tablet formulation pH of sample
1. 1000 C1 7.6
2. 1000 C2 7.8
3. 1000 C3 7.6
4. 1000 C4 7.7
5. 1000 C5 7.8
6. 1000 C6 7.6

[0088] While the foregoing describes various embodiments of the disclosure, other and further embodiments of the disclosure may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof. The scope of the invention is determined by the claims that follow. The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, versions or examples, which are included to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention when combined with information and knowledge available to the person having ordinary skill in the art.

ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0089] The present disclosure provides an effervescent composition for purification of contaminated water that effectively maintains pH, shows anti-microbial effect, reduces turbidity, and total suspended solids (TSS) of contaminated water.
[0090] The present disclosure provides an effervescent composition that is environmentally friendly and economical.
[0091] The present disclosure provides an effervescent composition for purification of contaminated water that comprises natural components and does not leave any foul odor or taste.

We Claims:

1. An effervescent composition for purification of contaminated water comprising Carica papaya seeds, citric acid, tartaric acid, a bicarbonate salt, and maltitol.
2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises Carica papaya seeds as dried Carica papaya seeds powder.
3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises Carica papaya seeds in a weight percentage range of 37.9% to 38.4% of the composition.
4. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises citric acid in a weight percentage range of 12.6% to 12.8% of the composition.
5. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises tartaric acid in a weight percentage range of 1.28% to 1.5% of the composition.
6. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises bicarbonate salt in a weight percentage range of 28% to 28.2% of the composition.
7. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises maltitol in a weight percentage range of 15% to 15.8% of the composition.
8. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bicarbonate salt is selected from potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, lithium bicarbonate, magnesium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate, or combinations thereof.
9. An effervescent formulation for purification of contaminated water comprising Carica papaya seeds, citric acid, tartaric acid, sodium bicarbonate, maltitol, and an excipient.
10. The formulation as claimed in claim 9, wherein the excipient is selected from fragrance, preservative, flavoring agent, lubricant, sweetening agent, or combinations thereof.
11. The formulation as claimed in claim 9, wherein the formulation is an effervescent tablet formulation.
12. A method of production of the effervescent tablet formulation as claimed in claim 11, wherein the method comprises the steps of: (a) drying, powdering and optionally sieving the Carica papaya seeds and converting them into granules by dry granulation; (b) weighing and mixing the citric acid, tartaric acid, sodium bicarbonate, maltitol, and the excipients with the granules to obtain a homogenous powder; and (c) compressing the powder to give the effervescent tablet formulation.
13. A method of treating contaminated water, wherein the method comprises the steps of: a) exposing the contaminated water to the effervescent composition as claimed in claim 1, and (b) stirring to activate the composition and give treated water.