GENERAL TECHNICAL FIELD AN STATE OF THE ART
The invention relates to the field of electronics and more particularly to that of the
control of a piece of electric equipment integrated into an electric facility.
Electric devices controlled by so–called 5 ‘normally open’ switches are known.
In this case, a normally open switch is connected between a voltage source of the
piece of electric equipment and the electric equipment. Thus, by controlling the
normally open switch, it is possible to control the power supply of the piece of
electric equipment.
10 In order to improve the control of the electric device, the latter may be
controlled by so–called ‘normally closed’ switches. In this case, a normally closed
switch is connected between a voltage source of the piece of electric equipment and
the electric equipment. Thus, at rest, in the absence of any command, the normally
closed switch controls the electric power supply of the piece of electric equipment, a
15 command which allows disconnection of the electric power supply of the electric
device.
However, these solutions are not satisfactory in terms of safety level, present
implementations not being satisfactory.
20 PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION
An object of the invention is to improve the control of a piece of electric equipment
by means of a “normally closed” switch naturally, i.e. in the absence of any control.
For this purpose, the invention proposes a circuit for controlling a piece of
electric equipment, said control circuit receiving as an input a discrete electric
25 control signal, the control circuit comprising: a voltage source configured for
powering the circuit according to a negative or positive voltage; a normally closed
switch in the absence of any discrete electric control signal (CMD) and configured
for insulating the piece of electric equipment from the voltage source depending on
the electric control signal, said switch being connected between the voltage source
30 and the piece of electric equipment; the switch being sensitive to the discrete
electric control signal for a single voltage direction.
The invention is advantageously completed with the following characteristics,
taken alone or in any of their technically possible combinations:
2
- the normally closed switch comprises a first NPN transistor controlled by
the discrete electric control signal and a second NPN transistor, the
collector of the first transistor being connected to the base of the second
transistor, the emitter of the first transistor being connected to the emitter of
the second transistor, the emitters 5 being connected to the piece of
equipment;
- the normally closed switch comprises a first resistor connected to the base
of the first transistor, said first resistor giving the possibility of applying the
electric control signal to said base of the first transistor;
10 - the normally closed switch comprises a second resistor connected between
the base of the second transistor and the collector of the second transistor;
- the second transistor is a Darlington transistor;
- the circuit comprises a device for controlling the direction of the voltage
delivered by the voltage source, preferably, mounted in parallel on the
15 voltage source, said polarizer being configured for polarizing the voltage
issued from the voltage source.
The invention also relates to an electric device for closing a fuel circuit of an
aircraft powered by means of an electric power supply circuit according to the
invention.
20 The advantages of the invention are multiple.
The device is not very cumbersome and reliable in terms of safety level. It is
resistant to environmental notably thermal constraints and its response time is short.
Finally its implementation is not very complex.
25 PRESENTATION OF THE FIGURES
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will emerge from the
description which follows, which is purely illustrative and non–limiting, and which
should be read with reference to the appended drawings wherein:
- Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a circuit for controlling a safety piece of
30 electric equipment according to the invention;
- Fig. 2 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a circuit for controlling a
piece of electric equipment according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
On the whole of the figures, similar elements bear identical references.
3
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a control circuit 1 of a piece of electric equipment 2
according to the invention.
The control circuit receives as an input a discrete electric control signal CMD.
It is considered that the discrete electric 5 control signal CMD is either a logic ‘1’
signal or a logic ‘0’ signal. It is considered that a discrete electric control signal
CMD=’0’ is also assimilated to an absence of any command.
By piece of electric equipment 2 is meant here a bistable servomotor
comprising two stable states. Indeed, it is considered that the piece of electric
10 equipment 2 changes state as soon as its control is modified. It is also considered
that the piece of electric equipment, as soon as it is no longer powered, maintains
the position in which it was.
The control circuit in Fig. 1 comprises a voltage source 11 configured for
issuing a voltage with an amplitude having as an absolute value |V| along a positive
15 or negative direction. The voltage source 11 therefore issues a power supply voltage
equal to 􀁲V.
This voltage source 11 controls the piece of electric equipment 2. Indeed,
depending on the direction of the voltage, the current passing through the piece of
electric equipment is either positive or negative.
20 The control circuit also comprises a device 13 for controlling the direction of
the voltage delivered by the voltage source which allows control of the direction of
the voltage 􀁲V stemming from the voltage source 11. This device 13 for controlling
the direction of the voltage delivered by the voltage source is preferably mounted in
parallel on the voltage source.
25 The control circuit further comprises a normally closed switch 12 configured
for insulating the piece of electric equipment 2 from the voltage source. The
normally closed switch 12 is connected between the voltage source 11 and the
piece of electric equipment 2.
It is considered that the normally closed switch 12 has a ‘closed’ state letting
30 through a current and an ‘open’ state not letting through any current. Further, the
normally closed switch is such that it is closed in the absence of a discrete electric
control signal. The closed state is therefore the ‘natural’ state of this normally closed
switch.
4
The control circuit 1 gives the possibility under certain conditions of
insulating the piece of electric equipment 2 from the voltage source and therefore
giving the possibility of leaving the piece of electric equipment 2 in the preceding
state, i.e. when it was powered.
In particular, the switch 12 5 is sensitive to the discrete electric control signal
CMD for a single direction of the voltage.
Accordingly, the normally closed switch 12 is in the ‘closed’ state regardless
of the discrete electric control signal CMD (CMD = ‘0’ or CMD = ‘1’) for a single
direction of the voltage.
10 It is considered here that the switch 12 is sensitive to the electric control
signal CMD for a positive power supply voltage, equal to +V. This gives the
possibility of having a strong integrity in the control of the piece of electric
equipment.
Taking into account this operation, the normally closed switch 12 is:
15 - ‘closed’ regardless of the value of the discrete electric control signal CMD
(‘0’ or ‘1’) and when the power supply voltage is negative, equal to –V;
- ‘open’ when the power supply voltage is positive, equal to +V, and the
discrete electric control signal CMD is in the ‘1’ state;
- ‘closed’ when the power supply voltage is positive, equal to +V, and the
20 discrete electric control signal CMD is in the ‘0’ state.
Accordingly, one has an operation of the normally closed switch 12 which is
inhibited for a power supply voltage equal to –V (negative bias).
In the following a possible application of such a control circuit is described.
It is considered that the piece of electric equipment 2 is a servomotor which
25 depending on its position opens or closes a fuel circuit of the engine of an aircraft
depending on the state of the aircraft.
A piece of electric equipment 2 of the servomotor type is for example a
bistable electric shut–off valve (ESV) which gives the possibility of controlling the
opening and the closing of the fuel addition into the engine of the aircraft.
30 In particular, for controlling the opening, a voltage in a first direction is
needed and for controlling the closing, a voltage in the second direction, opposite to
the first direction is necessary.
The states of the aircraft are for example:
- starting of the engine: the ESV is open, fuel is sent into the fuel circuit,
5
- engine started: the ESV is open, fuel is sent into the fuel circuit,
- engine in a slow down or normal mode: the ESV is open, fuel is sent into
the fuel circuit,
- default: the ESV is closed, no fuel is sent into the fuel circuit.
It 5 is considered that the electric control signal CMD characterizes the speed
of the engine of the aircraft. Thus, upon starting CMD = ’0’, engine started CMD =
‘1’, idling mode CMD = ‘1’, default CMD = ‘0’.
The operation above is such that if it is desired to supply a fuel circuit of an
aircraft under certain speed conditions of the engine and consequently depending
10 on the state of the aircraft, the electric control signal CMD = ‘0’ is lost, the piece of
electric equipment should close the fuel circuit.
Thus one has the following operation:
- Starting mode: the voltage is negative, the power supply voltage is equal
to ‘–V’, the discrete electric control signal is equal to CMD = ‘0’.
15 o The normally closed switch is closed, the piece of electric
equipment is supplied with a negative voltage (and therefore a
negative current) corresponding to a power supply of the fuel
circuit.
􀃖 The engine may start.
20 - Engine started mode: the voltage is negative, the power supply voltage is
equal to ‘–V’, the discrete electric control signal is equal to CMD = ‘1’.
o The normally closed switch is closed, the piece of electric
equipment is powered by a negative voltage (and therefore a
negative current) corresponding to a power supply of the fuel
25 circuit.
􀃖 The engine is started and is supplied with fuel.
- Slow down or normal mode: the voltage is positive (the device for
controlling the direction of the voltage changes the direction of the
voltage), the power supply voltage is equal to ‘=+V’, the discrete electric
30 control signal is equal to CMD = ‘1’.
o The normally closed switch is open, the piece of electric
equipment is no longer powered, the piece of electric equipment
has not changed state.
􀃖 The engine is started and is supplied with fuel.
6
- Default mode: the voltage is positive, the power supply voltage is equal
to ‘=+V’, the discrete electric control signal is equal to CMD = ‘0’
subsequently to a loss of the speed information.
o The normally closed switch closes, the piece of electric equipment
is pow 5 ered by a positive voltage, the piece of electric equipment
changes state.
􀃖 The engine is no longer supplied with fuel, the fuel circuit
being closed.
In Fig. 2, a possible embodiment of the control circuit is illustrated as
10 described above.
The voltage source issues a power supply voltage in one direction by means
of the device 13 for controlling the direction of the voltage issued by the voltage
source.
The normally closed switch comprises a first NPN transistor T1 controlled by
15 the discrete electric control signal CMD and a second NPN transistor T2, the
collector of the first transistor T1 is connected to the base of the second transistor
T2.
Further, the emitter of the first transistor T1 is connected to the emitter of the
second transistor T2, the emitters being connected to the piece of equipment 2.
20 Of course, a first transistor and a second transistor of the PNP type may be
used. In this case, the mounting of the transistors is reversed (not shown).
Thus, such a mounting is such that the control of the control circuit is not
referenced relatively to the ground as this is the case conventionally. Thus, in the
invention, one has a circuit for which the control is floating, referenced to the emitter
25 and not to the ground, giving the possibility of simplifying the wiring during the use of
the switch on the one hand and thus putting several switches in series on the other
hand in order to be able to achieve a different logic function and attain a higher level
of safety in the case of a fault.
This is further advantageous since this gives the possibility of mounting in
30 series several control circuits in order to increase the safety. Indeed, in this case, a
faulty control circuit may be compensated with another control circuit in series.
The circuit also comprises a diode D connected between the piece of electric
equipment 2 and the voltage source 11, the diode D is biased in the same direction
as the voltage source 11.
7
Further, the circuit comprises a first resistor R1 connected to the base of the
first transistor T1, the first resistor R1 gives the possibility of applying the electric
control signal CMD to the base of the first transistor T1.
Further, a second resistor R2 is connected between the base of the second
transistor T2 and 5 the collector of the second transistor T2.
Advantageously, the second transistor T2 is of the Darlington type. This has
the advantage of limiting the bias current in its base in order to be able to increase
the second resistor R2 and thereby reduce the leakage current of the switch in its
‘open’ state.
10 The operation of this circuit is identical with the one described in connection
with Fig. 1. By considering the same example as previously, one has:
- Starting mode:
Only the diode D is active and lets through the current (from bottom to top).
The transistors are thus mounted opposite to the direction of the voltage and no
15 current crosses them.
- Engine started mode
Only the diode D is active and lets through the current (from bottom to top).
The transistors are thus mounted opposite the direction of the voltage and no
current crosses them and this regardless of the value of the electric control signal
20 CMD.
- Slow down or normal mode
The diode D is now opposed to the direction of the voltage and is therefore
blocked. The electric control signal CMD is equal to CMD=’1’ (under the assumption
that no engine fault is present) the current in the first resistor R1 gives the possibility
25 of controlling the first transistor T1 in a “conducting” mode which will bypass the
current provided through the second resistor R2 so as to cut–off the second
transistor T2.
- Default mode
The diode D is now opposite the direction of the voltage and is therefore
30 blocked. The electric control signal CMD is equal to ‘0’ and therefore there is no
longer any current in the first resistor R1 which opens the first transistor T1. The
current provided by the second resistor R2 therefore passes into the base of the
second transistor T2 which gives the possibility of closing the latter and therefore of
leaving the current in the load.

CLAIMS
1. A control circuit (1) of a piece of electric equipment (2), said control circuit (1)
receiving as an input a discrete electric control signal (CMD),
5 the control circuit (1) comprising
a voltage (􀁲V) source (11) configured for powering the circuit
according to a negative or positive voltage;
a normally closed switch (12) in the absence of any discrete electric
control signal (CMD) and configured for insulating the piece of electric
10 equipment from the voltage source depending on the electric control signal
(CMD), said switch being connected between the voltage source and the
piece of electric equipment (2); the switch (12) being sensitive to the discrete
electric control signal (CMD) for a single voltage direction.
15 2. The control circuit according to claim 1, wherein the normally closed switch
comprises a first NPN transistor (T1) controlled by the discrete electric control signal
(CMD) and a second NPN transistor (T2), the collector of the first transistor (T1)
being connected to the base of the second transistor (T2), the emitter of the first
transistor (T1) being connected to the emitter of the second transistor (T2), the
20 emitters being connected to the piece of equipment (2) or to another circuit of the
same type.
3. The control circuit according to claim 2, wherein the normally closed switch
comprises a first resistor (R1) connected to the base of the first transistor (T1), said
25 first resistor (R1) giving the possibility of applying the electric control signal (CMD) to
said base of the first transistor (T1).
4. The control circuit according to one of claims 2 to 3, wherein the normally
closed switch comprises a second resistor (R2) connected between the base of the
30 second transistor (T2) and the collector of the second transistor (T2).
5. An electric power supply circuit according to one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the
second transistor (T2) is a Darlington transistor.
9
I/We Claim:
9
6. The electric power supply circuit according to one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a
device (13) for controlling the direction of the voltage issued by the voltage source.
7. The electric power supply circuit according to claim 6, wherein the device (13)
for controlling the direction of the voltage issued 5 by the voltage source is mounted in
parallel on said voltage source.
8. An electric device for closing a fuel circuit of an aircraft powered by means of an
electric power supply circuit according to one of claims 1 to 7.