[One]The present invention relates to an electrochemical device including a short circuit inducing member and a method for evaluating the safety of a battery due to an internal short circuit using the electrochemical device. [2] This application claims the benefit of priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0097047 on August 9, 2019, and all contents disclosed in the literature of the Korean patent application are incorporated as a part of this specification. background [3] As the price of energy sources increases due to the depletion of fossil fuels and interest in environmental pollution is increased, the demand for eco-friendly alternative energy sources is becoming an indispensable factor for future life, and in particular, technology development for mobile devices. As energy consumption increases, the demand for secondary batteries as an energy source is rapidly increasing. [4] Representatively, in terms of battery shape, there is a high demand for prismatic secondary batteries and pouch-type secondary batteries that can be applied to products such as mobile phones with thin thickness, and in terms of materials, lithium ion batteries with high energy density, discharge voltage, and output stability, Demand for lithium secondary batteries such as lithium ion polymer batteries is high. [5] In general, secondary batteries apply an electrode mixture containing an electrode active material to the surface of a current collector to form a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and a separator is interposed therebetween to make an electrode assembly, then a cylindrical or prismatic metal can or aluminum laminate sheet It is mounted inside the pouch-type case of the electrode assembly, mainly by injecting or impregnating a liquid electrolyte into the electrode assembly, or is manufactured using a solid electrolyte. [6] In addition, secondary batteries are classified according to the structure of the electrode assembly of the positive electrode/separator/negative electrode structure. Typically, a jelly-like structure in which a long sheet-shaped positive electrode and negative electrode are wound with a separator interposed therebetween. Roll (winding type) electrode assembly, stacked (stacked type) electrode assembly in which a plurality of positive and negative electrodes cut in units of a predetermined size are sequentially stacked with a separator interposed therebetween, positive and negative electrodes of a predetermined unit are interposed with a separator A stack/folding type electrode assembly having a structure in which bi-cells or full cells stacked in a state of being stacked with a separator sheet are wound. [7] On the other hand, the electrode generates a current through the exchange of ions, and the positive and negative electrodes constituting the electrode have a structure in which an electrode active material is applied to an electrode current collector made of a metal. [8] In general, the negative electrode has a structure in which a carbon-based active material is applied to an electrode plate made of copper or aluminum, etc., and the positive electrode has a structure in which an electrode plate made of aluminum, etc., is coated with an active material made of LiCoO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiNiO 2 , etc. is done [9] In order to manufacture a positive electrode or a negative electrode in this way, an electrode mixture including an electrode active material is applied to an electrode current collector made of a long metal sheet in one direction. [10] The separator is located between the anode and the cathode of the battery to insulate it, and to maintain the electrolyte to provide a path for ion conduction. [11] The secondary battery is a rechargeable battery manufactured by using a material in which the redox process between current and material can be repeated in many ways. When the reaction is performed, the power is discharged, and as such charge-discharge is repeatedly performed, electricity is generated. [12] Although lithium secondary batteries have excellent electrical characteristics, they have a problem of low safety. For example, in lithium secondary batteries, decomposition reactions such as active materials and electrolytes, which are battery components, are induced in abnormal operating conditions such as overcharging, overdischarging, exposure to high temperatures, and electrical short circuits, resulting in heat and gas, resulting in high temperature and high pressure The condition of further promotes the decomposition reaction, eventually resulting in ignition or explosion. [13] In addition, it is very important to secure the safety even when an internal short circuit occurs in the battery, and for this purpose, it is important to correctly evaluate the safety of the battery when an internal short circuit occurs. As a safety item of batteries such as lithium ion secondary batteries, the battery evaluation test for evaluating the exothermic behavior during internal short circuit is, for example, the UL standard for lithium batteries (UL1642), the guidelines from the Battery Industry Association (SBA G1101-1997 lithium Secondary battery safety evaluation standard guidelines), etc. [14] Conventionally, in order to induce an internal short circuit, a method in which a heating element is put inside the battery cell and internal heat is generated by the heating element, a method in which an internal separator is pre-drilled and chemical treatment is performed on the part to melt at a constant temperature, There was a method of inserting a metal material and applying an external force to tear the separator and induce an internal short circuit. However, in the case of the first method, the shape of the product actually used is different due to the heating element inside the cell and the external heating source. Due to this, the characteristics of existing products may be different, and there is a problem that the desired reaction may not occur due to side reactions caused by chemical reactions inside the cell. [15] On the other hand, in US Patent Publication No. 2013-0209841 (Patent Document 1), as a device for inducing an internal short circuit of a battery, a copper plate is inserted into the battery cell after the separator is perforated, and copper and aluminum plates are added to both sides of the separator, and then the copper plate and the separator , or a device for inducing a short circuit inside a battery cell in which a wax layer is installed between an aluminum plate and a separator. When the temperature rises above the melting point of the wax layer in the internal short circuit inducing device, the wax layer is removed and the anode and the cathode are electrically connected by a copper plate and an aluminum plate, thereby causing an internal short circuit. However, this method has problems in that the manufacturing process of the internal short circuit inducing device is complicated and the unit cost is high, and the battery cell must be disassembled and reassembled for repeated use. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION technical challenge [16] The present invention was devised to solve the above problems, and in a secondary battery, capacitor or other energy storage device, an electrochemical device capable of testing safety due to internal short circuit without physically deforming the entire structure and to provide a safety evaluation method using such an electrochemical device. means of solving the problem [17] In order to achieve the above object, the electrochemical device according to the present invention, [18] Including a structure in which an anode, a separator, and a cathode are sequentially stacked, the separator has a structure in which a linear perforation line is formed, and a short circuit inducing member attached to one or both surfaces of the separator adjacent to the perforation line. [19] [20] In this case, the perforated line is characterized in that it is formed along a line in the form of a straight line, a curved line, or a combination of a straight line and a curved line on the separation membrane. That is, the shape of the line is not limited except for a single closed curve shape in which the line forms a closed figure such as a circle or a polygon. [21] [22] On the other hand, the perforated line is characterized in that it consists of a plurality of through-type slits or non-through-type grooves. However, in the case of a perforated line made of a penetrating slit, it is preferable to form a linear slit having a sufficiently small width so that a short circuit does not occur through the formed slit. In the case of the non-penetrating groove, the shape is not limited to the size or shape of the groove, such as linear, circular, or polygonal. [23] [24] The short-circuit inducing member is characterized in that it contains one or more types of magnetic materials selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni and Co, whereby the short-circuit inducing member is damaged by a magnetic field applied at a position spaced apart from the electrochemical device. movement becomes possible. [25] In addition, as the short circuit inducing member moves, the separator having the perforated line is broken, and the anode and the cathode are in direct contact with each other through the ruptured portion, thereby causing an internal short circuit of the electrochemical device. [26] [27] However, since the magnetic material included in the short circuit inducing member may cause a short circuit when in contact with the anode or the cathode, the outer peripheral surface may be surrounded by an insulating material. In this case, the insulating material may be a porous polymer film. [28] [29] On the other hand, since the short circuit inducing member of the present invention induces a short circuit by peeling off the separator along the perforated line while moving by the magnetic field, it must be physically connected to the separator. Therefore, for this, the short-circuit inducing member may be attached to the separator by a binder. [30] The binder is polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene , epoxy resin, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber, or a copolymer thereof may include one or two or more materials selected from the group consisting of, in addition, a separator may be attached It can be selectively used from among known binders. [31] [32] On the other hand, the safety evaluation method according to the internal short circuit using the electrochemical device described above can be used without limitation in an energy storage device including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator, such as a battery cell for a secondary battery, a capacitor, and specifically includes the following steps can be done by [33] [34] Preparing a separation membrane with a perforated line; [35] attaching a short circuit inducing member including a magnetic material to a position adjacent to the perforated line; [36] applying a magnetic field to the short-circuit inducing member; [37] Breaking the perforated line formation portion of the separation membrane by moving the short-circuit inducing member. [38] [39] When the separator is broken by moving the short-circuit inducing member according to the above step, an internal short circuit can be induced by direct contact between the positive electrode and the negative electrode through the broken portion. Effects of the Invention [40] The electrochemical device including the short-circuit inducing member of the present invention is to improve the problem of physically irreversible deformation of energy storage devices such as battery cells and capacitors after the internal short-circuit evaluation test, which is the biggest problem of the conventional methods, the present invention In electrochemical devices, structural deformation does not occur except that the separator is partially broken, and internal short circuits can be induced in various conditions and environments. In addition, since experimentation and evaluation are possible without disassembly and reassembly, the process is simple and time and cost can be saved. Brief description of the drawing [41] 1 schematically shows the structure of an electrochemical device having a short-circuit inducing member and a battery cell including the same according to an embodiment of the present invention. [42] 2 schematically shows the structure of an electrochemical device having a short-circuit inducing member and a battery cell including the same according to another embodiment of the present invention. [43] 3 is a schematic diagram sequentially illustrating a process of inducing a short circuit inside a battery cell using a magnet and a battery cell including an electrochemical device provided with a short circuit inducing member according to an embodiment of the present invention. Modes for carrying out the invention [44] Since the present invention can have various changes and can have various forms, specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the text. However, this is not intended to limit the present invention to the specific disclosed form, it should be understood to include all modifications, equivalents and substitutes included in the spirit and scope of the present invention. [45] In describing each figure, like reference numerals have been used for like elements. In the accompanying drawings, the dimensions of the structures are enlarged than the actual size for clarity of the present invention. Terms used to describe various components are for the purpose of helping understanding, and the components should not be limited by the terms. The above terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, the first component may be referred to as the second component, and similarly, the second component may also be referred to as the first component. The singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. [46] As used throughout the specification of the present invention, terms such as "comprises" or "have" are intended to designate that the features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof described in the specification exist, but one It should be understood that it does not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of or more other features or numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof. [47] Also, when a part of a layer, film, region, plate, etc. is said to be "on" another part, this includes not only the case where it is "on" another part, but also the case where there is another part in between. Conversely, when a part of a layer, film, region, plate, etc. is said to be “under” another part, it includes not only cases where it is “directly under” another part, but also cases where another part is in between. In addition, in the specification of the present invention, "on" may include the case of being disposed not only on the upper part but also on the lower part. [48] [49] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. [50] [51] The internal short circuit test is a test that evaluates the resistance to internal short circuit among safety tests of a battery. In the internal short circuit test, first, a fully charged evaluation battery is prepared, an internal short circuit is generated, and the behavior of the battery is evaluated. In general, when an internal short circuit occurs, the battery is discharged and the voltage is reduced, and the test is performed until the voltage decreases below a certain value to evaluate the presence or absence of rupture, the voltage and temperature of the battery. [52] [53] As an example of an internal short circuit induction device designed for battery safety evaluation, in the case of an internal short circuit induction device developed by the National Energy Research Institute (NREL), an insulator made of wax is placed between the anode and the cathode to physically separate the anode and the cathode. . Thereafter, when the battery is charged and discharged and the internal temperature of the battery rises to the melting point of the wax, the wax is removed, and the positive and negative electrodes come into direct contact, resulting in a short circuit inside the battery. [54] More specifically, the conventional internal short circuit induction device perforates a part of the separator to create a hole. After inserting a block of a metal material such as copper into the hole, a wax layer is interposed on one side of the block of the metal material. And, it has a structure in which the positive electrode plate is attached to the part where the wax layer of the separator is not interposed, and the negative electrode plate is attached to the wax layer. When the wax layer is removed, the anode, the metal material block, and the cathode come into direct contact with each other to cause a short circuit. [55] [56] In a lithium ion secondary battery, an oxidation-reduction reaction occurs as lithium ions move between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. Due to this, the movement of lithium ions was impossible, and an unreacted region was formed. Due to the unreacted region, there is a problem in that the battery performance such as capacity is reduced compared to the conventional battery, and it is difficult to simulate the correct behavior of the battery when an internal short circuit occurs, so that the accuracy of the safety evaluation is reduced. In addition, in the case of the conventional internal short circuit inducing device described above, the manufacturing cost is high, and in order to be reused after being inserted and assembled into a battery cell and tested, the battery cell must be disassembled and reassembled to include the structure of the short circuit induction device. However, during the reassembly process, the assembly alignment may be misaligned or the battery cell structure may be deformed, which may cause unexpected safety problems. [57] [58] In addition to the above method, there is an internal short circuit test method of a battery cell using a shape memory alloy as described in Patent Document 2, but this also has a limitation that the battery must be heated to a specific temperature or higher, and the shape memory inserted inside the battery cell As the shape of the alloy is deformed, there is a risk that other components of the battery cell other than the separator may be distorted. [59] [60] In addition, there are known methods such as a nail penetration test and a crush test, but these are irreversible and permanent deformation of the battery cell itself, and there is a problem in that the battery cell must be newly manufactured every time the test is performed. [61] [62] The battery chemical device including a short-circuit inducing member according to the present invention is a further improvement of the prior art, wherein the short-circuit inducing member includes a magnetic material, and the separator breaks off according to the movement of the short-circuit inducing member. characterized by being [63] [64] The electrochemical device according to the present invention specifically includes a separator including a positive electrode and a negative electrode and a short circuit inducing member, and may be applied to a secondary battery, a capacitor, and various energy storage devices to perform an internal short circuit test. [65] Specifically, in the case of a lithium secondary battery, the electrode assembly including the electrochemical device may have a structure embedded in the battery case, and depending on the shape of the secondary battery, most of the battery, such as a cylindrical battery, a pouch-type battery, a prismatic battery, or a coin-type battery It can be applied to a secondary battery, but in an embodiment of the present invention, a pouch-type battery was used. [66] The electrode assembly has a structure in which an anode and a cathode are alternately stacked with a separator interposed between the electrodes and impregnated with a lithium salt non-aqueous electrolyte. The electrode for a secondary battery may be manufactured by applying an electrode mixture including an electrode active material on a current collector and drying it, and the electrode mixture may optionally further include a binder, a conductive material, a filler, and the like, if necessary. [67] In the present invention, the positive electrode current collector is generally made to have a thickness of 3 to 500 μm. The positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery. For example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or aluminum or stainless steel. Carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc. surface-treated on the surface of the can be used. The current collector may increase the adhesive force of the positive electrode active material by forming fine irregularities on its surface, and various forms such as a film, sheet, foil, net, porous body, foam body, and non-woven body are possible. [68] In the case of a sheet for a negative electrode current collector, it is generally made to a thickness of 3 to 500 μm. Such a negative current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery. For example, the surface of copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, copper or stainless steel. Carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc. surface-treated, aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. may be used. In addition, like the positive electrode current collector, the bonding strength of the negative electrode active material may be strengthened by forming fine irregularities on the surface, and may be used in various forms such as a film, sheet, foil, net, porous body, foam, non-woven body, and the like. [69] In the present invention, the cathode active material is a material capable of causing an electrochemical reaction, as a lithium transition metal oxide, containing two or more transition metals, for example, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) substituted with one or more transition metals. , layered compounds such as lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO2); lithium manganese oxide substituted with one or more transition metals; Formula LiNi 1-y M y O 2 (wherein M = Co, Mn, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, B, Cr, Zn or Ga, including at least one of the above elements, 0.01≤y≤0.7) Lithium nickel-based oxide represented by; Li 1 + z Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 , Li 1 + z Ni 0.4 Mn 0.4 Co 0.2 O 2 Li, such as 1 + z Ni b Mn c Co 1-(b+c+d) M d O (2-e) A e (where -0.5≤z≤0.5, 0.1≤b≤0.8, 0.1≤c≤0.8, 0≤d≤0.2 , 0≤e≤0.2, b+c+d<1, M = Al, Mg, Cr, Ti, Si or Y, and A = F, P or Cl) a lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide; Formula Li 1+x M+M' y PO 4-z X z , where M = transition metal, preferably Fe, Mn, Co or Ni, M' = Al, Mg or Ti, X = F, S or N, and -0.5≤x≤+0.5, 0≤y≤0.5, 0≤z≤0.1) olivine-based lithium metal phosphate, etc. are mentioned, but are not limited thereto. [70] The negative electrode active material includes, for example, carbon such as non-graphitizable carbon and graphitic carbon; Li x Fe 2 O 3 (0≤x≤1), Li x WO 2 (0≤x≤1), Sn x Me 1-x Me' y O z (Me: Mn, Fe, Pb, Ge; Me' : metal composite oxides such as Al, B, P, Si, elements of Groups 1, 2, and 3 of the periodic table, halogen; 0 [130] 10: permanent magnet [131] 100: battery cell [132] 110: positive electrode [133] 120: cathode [134] 130: separator [135] 131: perforated line [136] 132: short circuit guide member [137] 140: battery case [138] 200: battery cell [139] 210: positive electrode [140] 220: cathode [141] 230: separator [142] 231: perforated line [143] 232: short circuit guide member [144] 240: battery case WE CLAIMS An electrochemical device comprising a structure in which an anode, a separator and a cathode are sequentially stacked, wherein the separator has a structure in which a linear perforation line is formed, and is adjacent to the perforation line and includes a short circuit inducing member attached to one or both surfaces of the separator. [Claim 2] The electrochemical device according to claim 1, wherein the perforated line is formed along a line in the form of a straight line, a curved line, or a combination of a straight line and a curved line on the separator. [Claim 3] The electrochemical device according to claim 1, wherein the perforated line is formed of a plurality of through-type slits or non-through-type grooves. [Claim 4] The electrochemical device according to claim 1, wherein the short-circuit inducing member comprises one or more magnetic materials selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni and Co. [Claim 5] The electrochemical device according to claim 1, wherein the short-circuit inducing member is moved by a magnetic field applied at a position spaced apart from the electrochemical device. [Claim 6] The electrochemical device according to claim 1, wherein the separation membrane is broken at a perforated line forming portion according to the movement of the short-circuit inducing member. [Claim 7] The electrochemical device according to claim 4, wherein an outer circumferential surface of the magnetic material is surrounded by an insulating material. [Claim 8] The electrochemical device according to claim 7, wherein the insulating material is a porous polymer film. [Claim 9] The electrochemical device according to claim 1, wherein the short-circuit inducing member is attached to the separator by a binder. [Claim 10] 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the binder is polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoro ethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, epoxy resin, ethylene-propylene-diene ter polymer (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber, or a copolymer thereof comprising one or more materials selected from the group consisting of electrochemical device. [Claim 11] Preparing a separation membrane with a perforated line; attaching a short circuit inducing member including a magnetic material to a position adjacent to the perforated line; applying a magnetic field to the short-circuit inducing member; A method for evaluating safety according to an internal short circuit of a battery comprising a; moving the short circuit inducing member to break the perforated line formation portion of the separator.