Claims:1. An electronic trip device comprising
a primary sensor unit, configured to develop power from main line, to drive a trip unit circuitry; and
a secondary sensor unit, configured to sense the line current and to provide proportionate output equal to the line current to a signal conditioning circuitry,
the trip unit circuitry comprising:
a microcontroller configured to receive one or a combination of sensed current/voltage signals from the signal conditioning circuitry, issue a trip signal based on the one or a combination of sensed current/voltage signals to actuate a circuit breaker through a trip coil, and generate data to be transmitted to an external electronic device; and
an ultra-high frequency wireless transceiver configured to receive data from the microcontroller and transmit coded data over an unoccupied TV frequency band to the external electronic device.

2. The electronic trip device of claim 1, wherein the external electronic device is any or combination of a circuit breaker, a base-station, and a sub-station.

3. The electronic trip device of claim 1, wherein the data is any or a combination of control parameter, measurement parameter, and configuration parameters.

4. The electronic trip device of claim 1, wherein the coded data is communicated over the unoccupied TV frequency bands using a light weight specified protocol.

5. The electronic trip device of claim 1, wherein the current sensor unit comprises a primary sensor which is usedrive the trip unit circuitry, and a secondary sensor whichis used to sense the line current and to provide proportionate output equal to the line current.

6. The electronic trip device of claim 5, wherein the primary sensor is a current transformer, and the secondary sensor is selected from a group comprising a rogowski coil, a shunt, and a hall-effect type sensor.

7. A wireless transceiver comprising:
an unoccupied television spectrum identification module configured to scan full TV spectrum to identify unoccupied TV spectrums;
an electronic data receive module configured to receive data from a first electronic device; and
a time division multiplexing module configured to receive the data at a media access control layer, covert the data into binary data, and forward the binary data from the media access control layer through a physical layer using time division multiplexing to a second electronic device over any or the identified unoccupied TV spectrums.

8. The wireless transceiver of claim 7, wherein the first electronic device and the second electronic device is selected from any of a circuit breaker, a base station, and a sub-station.

9. A method for wireless communication among electronic devices, the method comprising steps of:
scanning full TV frequency spectrum to identify unoccupied TV spectrums;
receiving data from a first electronic device at a media access control layer;
converting the data into binary data and forwarding the binary data from the media access control layer to a physical layer; and
transmitting a coded data from the physical layer to a second electronic device over the identified unoccupied TV spectrums, wherein the physical layer performs time division multiplexing and frequency spreading on the binary data to generate the coded data before the coded data is transmitted.
, Description:TECHNICAL FIELD
[001] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of circuit breakers. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to an electronic trip device configured to communicate over unoccupied ultra-high frequency bands, specifically unoccupied TV frequency bands.

BACKGROUND
[002] Background description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.
[003] A circuit breaker generally located in substation switchyards is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from any potential damage due to over-current/overload or short circuit. Basic function of a circuit breaker or electronic trip unit is to interrupt current flow after protective relays detect any fault condition and to break the faulty lines of that particular electricity network. To input the required action or functionality into the circuit breaker system at real-time and to send sensed fault condition to other connected electrical/electronic devices and systems, a communication medium has to be present between the circuit breaker and the other connected devices, for example a switchyard managing actions of the circuit breaker. These switchyards can be large and can be located at a remote location away from the circuit breaker. The communication needs to be done from field units, which can be a circuit breaker, to a remote device, which can be a substation’s control, and to the central control stations and in other direction as well. The best way to transfer data among the network of various control stations and circuit breakers is wireless communication that enables transmission of large amount of data and information related to specific fault conditions or complex switching conditions that may have occurred due to equipment failure. Wireless communication mode seems to be the best as it does not require extra wire installations in the switchyards, whereas the wired connections may get affected and may malfunction due to severe electromagnetic environment existing in substation using the circuit breakers.
[004] Conventional wireless communication implemented in moulded case and air circuit breakers includes Wi-Fi, ZigBee, and Bluetooth etc. Many of them however have a disadvantage of limited or short range (line of sight) operation and weak concrete wall penetration.
[005] One of the prior art document describes a “Protection system for an electricity network having a "Bluetooth" data transmission radio link”. The protection system instructs circuit breakers to open in the event of faults being detected by current and/or voltage sensors on the network lines connected to the circuit breakers. The protection system includes a radio link for transmitting data with a mobile telephone of the “Bluetooth” type. Transmission of data using the Bluetooth has a major drawback of being short-range (from 0 to 100 meters).
[006] There are other known systems and methods that enable wireless communication between electrical components, such as circuit breakers, sub-station or base-station in an electrical network. However most of them are either suitable for short range communication or use costly infrastructure or highly commercialized frequency bands for communication. None of the referred and other prior art discloses a wireless communication method using ultra high frequency (UHF)that enables communication over a larger area or enables wide range of data transmission using commercially viable frequency bands.
[007] Therefore, there is a requirement in the art for an electronic trip device, such as a circuit breaker configured with an ultra-high frequency (UHF) wireless transceiver and a method thereof for enabling very high range transmission and reception over wireless links among electrical components and systems such as circuit breakers, substations or base-stations.
[008] All publications herein are incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. Where a definition or use of a term in an incorporated reference is inconsistent or contrary to the definition of that term provided herein, the definition of that term provided herein applies and the definition of that term in the reference does not apply.
[009] In some embodiments, the numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties such as concentration, reaction conditions, and so forth, used to describe and claim certain embodiments of the invention are to be understood as being modified in some instances by the term “about”. Accordingly, in some embodiments, numerical parameters set forth in the written description are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by a particular embodiment. In some embodiments, the numerical parameters should be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Notwithstanding that, the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of some embodiments of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as practicable. The numerical values presented in some embodiments of the invention may contain certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements.
[0010] As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0011] The recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g. “such as”) provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention.
[0012] Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member can be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. One or more members of a group can be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is herein deemed to contain the group as modified thus fulfilling the written description of all groups used in the appended claims.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
[0013] An object of the present disclosure is to provide an electronic trip device configured to communicate over wireless channel that is less expensive and that provides long range wireless transmission.
[0014] An object of the present disclosure is to provide an ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio transceiver to be used by circuit breakers, sub-stations and base stations.
[0015] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a transceiver for long range wireless communication for circuit breakers.
[0016] Another object of the present disclosure is provide a circuit breaker configured with UHF transceiver configured to enable communication with another circuit breaker and other electrical components and systems, such as sub-stations and base stations, of an electrical network.
[0017] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a reliable and guaranteed data delivery among electrical components.
[0018] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a secure communication among circuit breakers.
[0019] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a transceiver enabling broadcasting of message for circuit breakers and other electro-mechanical components.

SUMMARY
[0020] Aspects of the present disclosure generallyrelate to an integration of a wireless transceiver configured to work on an open wireless standard with circuit breaker and other electrical/electronic components/devices/ units for enabling wireless communication among circuit breakers and other electrical/electronic components/devices/ units/ components, such as base stations and sub-station of an electrical network.
[0021] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic trip device configured with a wireless transceiver, which is configured to communicate over unoccupied TV frequency bands or channels. The electronic trip device could be a part of a moulded case circuit breaker or an air circuit breaker. The electronic trip device includesa primary sensor unit, that can be used to develop power from main line or lines, to drive a trip unit circuitry; and a secondary sensor unit, that can be used to sense line current atthe main line and to provide proportionate output equal to the line current to a signal conditioning circuitry. In an exemplary implementation, the primary sensor can be a current transformer and the secondary sensor can be a rogowski coil, shunt or hall-effect sensor.
[0022] In an exemplary if a rogowski coil is used, proportional to the derivative of the main line current a primary signal can be generated through an integrator. The electronic trip device can further include a programmed microcontroller that can receive a signal from signal conditioning unit & issue a trip command to trip circuitry, if current exceeds to a predefined threshold limit., the trip unit circuitry that after receiving a trip command can actuate a circuit breaker through a trip coil and generate data, if required to be transmitted to the external interface device. The electronic trip device can further include a ultra-high frequency wireless transceiver configured to transmit/receive the data from the microcontroller and transmit coded data over unoccupied TV frequency bands to the external electronic interface device. In an exemplary implementation, the external electronic interface device can be another circuit breaker or base-station or sub-station. In an exemplary implementation, the data can be control parameters, measurement parameters and any other configuration parameter.
[0023] In an exemplary implementation, the current sensor unit can include a primary sensor, which can be a current transformer, used to develop power, and a secondary sensor, which can be a rogowski coil, a shunt or a hall-effect type sensor, configured to detect signal; voltage/current corresponding to the line current. In an exemplary implementation, the trip unit circuitry can be powered-up through regulated power supply circuitry that can draw power from the primary
[0024] In an exemplary implementation, the coded data can be communicated over the unoccupied TV frequency bands using a light weight specified protocol.
[0025] Other embodiments of the present disclosure provide wireless transceivers and methods for enabling wireless communication between circuit breakers and other electrical/electronic interface device using UHF unoccupied band, particularly over unoccupied TV frequency bands. An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for wireless transmission over wide range using unoccupied television frequency bands for enabling communication among circuit breakers and other electronic devices.
[0026] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an wireless transceiver that can include an unoccupied television spectrum identification module configured to scan full TV spectrum and identify unoccupied TV spectrum, an electronic data receive module configured to receive data from a first electronic device, and a time division multiplexing module, configured to receive the data at a media access control layer, covert the data/information in binary data and forward the converted data/information from the media access control layer through a physical layer using time division multiplexing to a second electronic device. The transceiver can perform frequency hopping and provide variable spread spectrum transmission.
[0027] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for wireless communication among electronic devices , the method includes steps of scanning full TV frequency spectrum to identify unused/unoccupied spectrums, receiving data/information from a first electronic device at a media access control layer, converting the data/information in binary data and forwarding the converted data/information from the media access control layer, transmitting through the physical layer, which can use the time multiplexing and frequency spreading techniques the multiplex data/information to a second electronic device over the identified unoccupied spectrum.
[0028] The transceiver and method of present disclosure can be configured to tune across the entire ultra-high frequency television unoccupied spectrum and identify the unoccupied TV spectrum bands or channels.
[0029] In an exemplary implementation, the first electronic device can be a circuit breaker, a sub-station, or base station. Similarly, the second electronic device can be another circuit breaker, a electronic trip device, a sub-station or a base station.
[0030] In an exemplary implementation, the physical layer can take the binary data from the Media access control layer, reformat the data and then transmit coded data over using unoccupied frequency band. The radio interface has to accommodate the propagation issues as well as interference and varying signal levels. To overcome the issues, the radio interface of the transceiver can utilize techniques including error correction, selection of modulation type, and frequency hopping.
[0031] In an aspect, the methodology uses time-division duplex operation with frequency hopping and variable spreading factors to increase range and accommodate low power devices in frequency bands, or channels, within the terrestrial television broadcast band.
[0032] In an exemplary implementation, the wireless transceiver and method of present disclosure can whiten the radio signal by XORing the data to be transmitted with a pseudorandom data sequence that makes the signal approximate to white noise. Whitening the radio signal helps to overcome interference issues and any problems that may occur if data strings include data that does not change from 1 to 0 which can confuse synchronization streams.
[0033] In an aspect, the present disclosure provides long distance (around 10 km) communication through radio transmission between circuit breakers in a smart grid and between circuit breakers and substations. An open wireless standard wireless transceiver can be integrated with switchgear protection devices that uses the unoccupied television spectrum found in very high frequency and ultra-high frequency television broadcasting frequencies, at which radio signals have a very long range as compared to existing wireless technologies and translates into lower costs for building networks as fewer base stations may be required to provide the same coverage. Not only does this reduce capital expenditure on network equipment, it also lowers the ongoing costs relating to network maintenance and operation. Long signal range can be beneficial especially for providing coverage of smart meters or smart protection devices in rural areas, where other solutions can be uneconomical. In many locations unoccupied television spectrum can provide as much bandwidth as the unlicensed 2.4 GHz band and nearly four times as much as the unlicensed ISM band.
[0034] Further aspects of the present disclosure provides the wireless transceiver that can be configured to use a form of single carrier modulation and aims at use within an unoccupied 6 or 8 MHz television channel, i.e. it does not use a multicarrier modulation format such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.
[0035] Various objects, features, aspects and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which like numerals represent like components.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0036] In the Figures, similar components and/or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label with a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label.
[0037] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a circuit breaker configured with a wireless transceiver in accordance with an embodiment of present disclosure.
[0038] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary communication between circuit breakers integrated with UHF wireless transceiver and remote stations in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary module diagram for UHF wireless transceiver in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0040] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary flow of a method for wireless communication among electronic devices in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0041] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure depicted in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are in such detail as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
[0042] Each of the appended claims defines a separate invention, which for infringement purposes is recognized as including equivalents to the various elements or limitations specified in the claims. Depending on the context, all references below to the "invention" may in some cases refer to certain specific embodiments only. In other cases it will be recognized that references to the "invention" will refer to subject matter recited in one or more, but not necessarily all, of the claims.
[0043] Various terms as used herein are shown below. To the extent a term used in a claim is not defined below, it should be given the broadest definition persons in the pertinent art have given that term as reflected in printed publications and issued patents at the time of filing.
[0044] Embodiments of the present disclosure include various steps, which will be described below. The steps may be performed by hardware components or may be embodied in machine-executable instructions, which may be used to cause a general-purpose or special-purpose processor programmed with the instructions to perform the steps. Alternatively, steps may be performed by a combination of hardware, software, firmware and/or by human operators.
[0045] If the specification states a component or feature “may”, “can”, “could”, or “might” be included or have a characteristic, that particular component or feature is not required to be included or have the characteristic.
[0046] Although the present disclosure has been described with the purpose of enabling a Ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio transmission in circuit breaker using unoccupied television transmission band, it should be appreciated that the same has been done merely to illustrate the disclosure in an exemplary manner and any other purpose or function for which the explained structure or configuration can be used, is covered within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0047] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments are shown. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. These embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those of ordinary skill in the art. Moreover, all statements herein reciting embodiments of the disclosure, as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass both structural and functional equivalents thereof. Additionally, it is intended that such equivalents include both currently known equivalents as well as equivalents developed in the future (i.e., any elements developed that perform the same function, regardless of structure).
[0048] Thus, for example, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the diagrams, schematics, illustrations, and the like represent conceptual views or processes illustrating systems and methods embodying this disclosure. The functions of the various elements shown in the figures may be provided through the use of dedicated hardware as well as hardware capable of executing associated software. Their function may be carried out through the operation of program logic, through dedicated logic, through the interaction of program control and dedicated logic, or even manually, the particular technique being selectable by the entity implementing this disclosure. Those of ordinary skill in the art further understand that the exemplary hardware, software, processes, methods, and/or operating systems described herein are for illustrative purposes and, thus, are not intended to be limited to any particular named.
[0049] Aspects of the present disclosure generallyrelate to an integration of a wireless transceiver configured to work on an open wireless standard with circuit breaker and other electrical/electronic components/devices/ units for enabling wireless communication among circuit breakers and other electrical/electronic components/devices/ units/ components, such as base stations and sub-station of an electrical network.
[0050] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic trip device configured with a wireless transceiver, which is configured to communicate over unoccupied TV frequency bands or channels. The electronic trip device could be a part of a moulded case circuit breaker or an air circuit breaker. The electronic trip device includesa primary sensor unit, that can be used to develop power from main line or lines, to drive a trip unit circuitry; and a secondary sensor unit, that can be used to sense line current atthe main line and to provide proportionate output equal to the line current to a signal conditioning circuitry. In an exemplary implementation, the primary sensor can be a current transformer and the secondary sensor can be a rogowski coil, shunt or hall-effect sensor.
[0051] In an exemplary if the if a rogowski coil is used, proportional to the derivative of the main line current a primary signal can be generated through an integrator. The electronic trip device can further include a programmed microcontroller that can receive a signal from signal conditioning unit & issue a trip command to trip circuitry, if current exceeds to a predefined threshold limit., the trip unit circuitry that after receiving a trip command can actuate a circuit breaker through a trip coil and generate data, if required to be transmitted to the external interface device. The electronic trip device can further include a ultra-high frequency wireless transceiver configured to transmit/receive the data from the microcontroller and transmit coded data over unoccupied TV frequency bands to the external electronic interface device. In an exemplary implementation, the external electronic interface device can be another circuit breaker or base-station or sub-station. In an exemplary implementation, the data can be control parameters, measurement parameters and any other configuration parameter.
[0052] In an exemplary implementation, the current sensor unit can include a primary sensor, which can be a current transformer, used to develop power, and a secondary sensor, which can be a rogowski coil, a shunt or a hall-effect type sensor, configured to detect signal; voltage/current corresponding to the line current. In an exemplary implementation, the trip unit circuitry can be powered-up through regulated power supply circuitry that can draw power from the primary
[0053] In an exemplary implementation, the coded data can be communicated over the unoccupied TV frequency bands using a light weight specified protocol.
[0054] Other embodiments of the present disclosure provide wireless transceivers and methods for enabling wireless communication between circuit breakers and other electrical/electronic device using UHF unoccupied band, particularly over unoccupied TV frequency bands. An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for wireless transmission over wide range using unoccupied television frequency bands for enabling communication among circuit breakers and other electronic devices.
[0055] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an wireless transceiver that can include an unoccupied television spectrum identification module configured to scan full TV spectrum and identify unoccupied TV spectrum, an electronic data receive module configured to receive data from a first electronic device, and a time division multiplexing module, configured to receive the data at a media access control layer, covert the data/information in binary data and forward the converted data/information from the media access control layer through a physical layer using time division multiplexing to a second electronic device. The transceiver can perform frequency hopping and provide variable spread spectrum transmission.
[0056] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for wireless communication among electronic devices , the method includes steps of scanning full TV frequency spectrum to identify unused/unoccupied spectrums, receiving data/information from a first electronic device at a media access control layer, converting the data/information in binary data and forwarding the converted data/information from the media access control layer, transmitting through the physical layer, which can use the time multiplexing and frequency spreading techniques the multiplex data/information to a second electronic device over the identified unoccupied spectrum.
[0057] The transceiver and method of present disclosure can be configured to tune across the entire ultra-high frequency television unoccupied spectrum and identify the unoccupied TV spectrum bands or channels.
[0058] In an exemplary implementation, the first electronic device can be a circuit breaker, a sub-station, or base station. Similarly, the second electronic device can be another circuit breaker, a electronic trip device, a sub-station or a base station.
[0059] In an exemplary implementation, the physical layer can take the binary data from the Media access control layer, reformat the data and then transmit coded data over using unoccupied frequency band. The radio interface has to accommodate the propagation issues as well as interference and varying signal levels. To overcome the issues, the radio interface of the transceiver can utilize techniques including error correction, selection of modulation type, and frequency hopping.
[0060] In an aspect, the methodology uses time-division duplex operation with frequency hopping and variable spreading factors to increase range and accommodate low power devices in frequency bands, or channels, within the terrestrial television broadcast band.
[0061] In an exemplary implementation, the wireless transceiver and method of present disclosure can whiten the radio signal by XORing the data to be transmitted with a pseudorandom data sequence that makes the signal approximate to white noise. Whitening the radio signal helps to overcome interference issues and any problems that may occur if data strings include data that does not change from 1 to 0 which can confuse synchronization streams.
[0062] In an aspect, the present disclosure provides long distance (around 10 km) communication through radio transmission between circuit breakers in a smart grid and between circuit breakers and substations. An open wireless standard wireless transceiver can be integrated with switchgear protection devices that uses the unoccupied television spectrum found in very high frequency and ultra-high frequency television broadcasting frequencies, at which radio signals have a very long range as compared to existing wireless technologies and translates into lower costs for building networks as fewer base stations may be required to provide the same coverage. Not only does this reduce capital expenditure on network equipment, it also lowers the ongoing costs relating to network maintenance and operation (e.g. power for base stations). Long signal range can be beneficial especially for providing coverage of smart meters or smart protection devices in rural areas, where other solutions can be uneconomical. In many locations unoccupied television spectrum can provide as much bandwidth as the unlicensed 2.4 GHz band and nearly four times as much as the unlicensed ISM band.
[0063] Further aspects of the present disclosure provides the wireless transceiver that can be configured to use a form of single carrier modulation and aims at use within an unoccupied 6 or 8 MHz television channel, i.e. it does not use a multicarrier modulation format such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.
[0064] Various embodiments of the disclosure shall now be disclosed with reference to drawings.
[0065] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a circuit breaker configured with a wireless transceiver in accordance with an embodiment of present disclosure. An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic trip device 100configured with an ultra-high frequency wireless transceiver 118, which can be configured to communicate over unoccupied TV frequency band or channel. The electronic trip device 100, could be a part of a moulded case circuit breaker or an air circuit breaker. The electronic trip device 100 can include a current sensor unit 102 comprises primary sensor 104 and a secondary sensor 106, and a trip unit circuitry 108 which further comprises of a microcontroller 114 configured to receive the sensed current signal or sensed voltage signal from the current sensor unit 102, issue a trip signal based on the sensed current or sensed voltage crosses its threshold, to actuate a circuit breaker through a trip coil 120 and generate data to be transmitted to an external electronic interface device, and an ultra-high frequency wireless transceiver 118 configured to receive/transmit data from the microcontroller and transmit coded data over an unoccupied TV frequency band to the external electronic device. In an exemplary implementation, the external electronic device can be another circuit breaker or a base-station or a sub-station. In an exemplary implementation, the data can be control parameters, measurement parameters and any other conformation information.
[0066] In an exemplary implementation, the current sensor unit 102 can include a primary sensor 104, which can be a current transformer, is used to drive the trip unit circuitry 108, and a secondary sensor 106, which can be a rogowski coil, a shunt or a hall-effect type sensor, configured to detect voltage corresponding to the line current. In an exemplary implementation, the trip unit circuitry 108 can be powered-up through primary sensor 104 via a regulated power supply circuitry 110.
[0067] In an exemplary implementation, the coded data can be communicated over the unoccupied TV frequency bands using a light weight specified protocol.
[0068] Trip unit circuitry 108 can be powered up through primary sensor 104 and can be configured to receive voltage signal proportional to the current from secondary sensor 106. In an exemplary implementation, the regulated power supply circuitry 110 can include a DC-DC converter and can generate power for other sections of trip unit circuitry 108, such as for the signal conditioning circuit 112, the microcontroller 114, the trip circuitry 116 and the Ultra high frequency wireless transceiver 118. Furthermore signal conditioning circuit 112, that includes an integrator, filter and amplification circuitry, gives measurement signal to analog to digital converter of microcontroller 114, that enables the microcontroller 114 to make decision of trip signal as per designed software code logic and then give trip signal to trip circuitry 116 that can ultimately trip the electronic trip device due to actuation of trip coil 120. In an exemplary implementation, the control and monitoring parameters can be communicated to the substation (the external electronic device) through UHF wireless transceiver 118 that includes a specific transceiver that can be capable to communicate at unoccupied TV transmission band, using a light weight protocol.
[0069] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary communication between circuit breakers integrated with UHF wireless transceiver and remote stations (or sub-stations) in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2, circuit breaker, for example circuit breaker 208a and circuit breaker 208n can include a UHF wireless transceiver, such as UHF wireless transceiver 210a and UHF wireless transceiver 210n respectively, to enable communication among the circuit breakers 208a-n, sub-station 202 and base station 204 through a wireless network 206 using unoccupied high frequency TV spectrum bands/channels. A long distance (around 10 km) communication can be enabled through wireless network 206 using UHF radio frequency band between circuit breaker 208a, circuit breaker 208n (collectively and interchangeably denoted as 208) integrated with UHF wireless transceivers 210a, and UHF wireless transceiver 210n (collectively and interchangeably denoted as 208) in a smart grid. Communication can also happen between base stations 204 and substations 202 which may also have an UHF wireless transceiver attached with it. The UHF radio transceiver 210 can be integrated with circuit breakers 208 (switchgear protection devices or electronic trip units) that can use the unoccupied television spectrum found in very high frequency and ultra-high frequency television broadcasting frequencies, at which radio signals can have a very long range communication capability as compared to existing wireless technologies and can translate into lower costs for building networks as fewer base stations may be required to provide a wider coverage as compared to traditional wireless communication systems.
[0070] In another embodiment, the frequency that has been in use by any nearby television transmitter can be identified and left unaffected while channels/frequency bands not being used for broadcasting television can be allocated for data transmission. These new wireless technique implemented circuit breakers can have more than 10 kilometre range, and can operate with very low power consumption, and can enable message broadcasting capabilities. The frequency used for wireless communication has exceptional building penetration, and with more than a hundred thousand devices manageable from a single substation, it allows networked devices to be used in many different ways.
[0071] In another exemplary embodiment, by reducing capital expenditure on network equipment, the wireless transceiver can also lower the ongoing costs relating to network maintenance and operation. Though the embodiments of the present disclosure have been explained with reference to electronic trip unit or circuit breaker, as one may appreciate, the wireless transceiver of the present disclosure can be attached with any electrical or electronic unit to enable long range wireless communication. Long signal range can be beneficial especially for providing coverage of smart meters or smart protection devices in rural areas, where other solutions can be uneconomical. In many locations unoccupied television spectrum can provide as much bandwidth as the unlicensed 2.4 GHz band and nearly four times as much as the unlicensed ISM band. Furthermore, the said wireless transceiver can lower the cost of hardware required, can provide excellent coverage, can enable ultra-low power operations with secure and guaranteed message delivery.
[0072] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary module diagram for UHF wireless transceiver in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 3, an UHF wireless transceiver 302 can include an unoccupied television spectrum identification module 304 configured to scan full TV spectrum and identify unoccupied TV spectrum, an electronic data receive module 306 configured to receive data from a first electronic device, and a time division multiplexing based transmission module 308, configured to receive the data at a media access control layer, covert the data/information in binary data and forward the converted data/information from the media access control layer through a physical layer using time division multiplexing to a second electronic device. The transceiver 302 can perform frequency hopping and provide variable spread spectrum transmission.
[0073] In an exemplary implementation, the transceiver 302 can be implemented as transceiver chip that can be capable of tuning across the entire ultra-high frequency television unoccupied spectrum. The transceiver chip 302 draws very little power to deliver secure and long range wireless, non-line-of-sight connectivity for both machine-to-machine and Internet of Things used in sensor units and circuitry, as well as for applications in wireless broadband. The physical layer takes the binary data from the media access control layer, reformats the data and then transmits the coded data over the unoccupied frequency bands. The wireless transceiver 302 can be configured to accommodate the propagation issues as well as interference and varying signal levels by including error correction, appropriate selection of modulation type, and frequency hopping.
[0074] The single chip solution draws very little power to deliver secure and long range wireless, non-line-of-sight connectivity for both machine-to-machine and Internet of Things, as well as for applications in wireless broadband.
[0075] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary flow of a method for wireless communication among electronic devices in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG 4, the method can include steps of scanning full TV frequency spectrum to identify unused/unoccupied spectrums as shown at step 402, receiving data/information from a first electronic device at a media access control layer as shown at step 404, converting the data/information in binary data and forwarding the converted data/information from the media access control layer as shown at step 406, transmitting through the physical layer, which can use the time multiplexing and frequency spreading techniques to transmit the data/information to a second electronic device unit over the identified unoccupied spectrum as shown at step 308.
[0076] In an exemplary implementation, the first electronic device and the second electronic device can be any electrical unit selected from a group comprising of a circuit breaker, an electronic trip unit, a base station and a sub-station.
[0077] In an aspect, the methodology uses time-division duplex operation with frequency hopping and variable spreading factors to increase range and accommodate low power devices in frequency bands, or channels, within the terrestrial television broadcast band.
[0078] In an exemplary implementation, the wireless transceiver and method of present disclosure can whiten the radio signal by XORing the data to be transmitted with a pseudo-random data sequence that makes the signal approximate to white noise. Whitening the radio signal helps to overcome interference issues.
[0079] It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that many more modifications besides those already described are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein. The inventive subject matter, therefore, is not to be restricted except in the spirit of the appended claims. Moreover, in interpreting both the specification and the claims, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible manner consistent with the context. In particular, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a non-exclusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps may be present, or utilized, or combined with other elements, components, or steps that are not expressly referenced. Where the specification claims refers to at least one of something selected from the group consisting of A, B, C ….and N, the text should be interpreted as requiring only one element from the group, not A plus N, or B plus N, etc. The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodiments herein have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
[0080] While embodiments of the present disclosure have been illustrated and described, it will be clear that the disclosure is not limited to these embodiments only. Numerous modifications, changes, variations, substitutions, and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, as described in the claims.

ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION
[0081] The present disclosure provides an electronic trip device configured to communicate over wireless channel that are less expensive and that provide long range wireless transmission.
[0082] The present disclosure provides an ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio transceiver to be used by circuit breakers, sub-station and base stations.
[0083] The present disclosure provides a transceiver for long range wireless communication for circuit breakers.
[0084] The present disclosure provides a circuit breaker configured with UHF transceiver configured to enable communication with another circuit breaker and other electrical components and systems, such as sub-stations and base stations, of a electrical network.
[0085] The present disclosure provides a reliable and guaranteed data delivery among electric devices.
[0086] The present disclosure provides a secure communication among circuit breakers.
[0087] The present disclosure provides a transceiver enabling broadcasting of message for circuit breakers and other electro-mechanical components.