Energy Management Capsule
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an energy management capsule.
Background of the Invention
Current security and environmental control system have a single function, such as intruder
alarms or central heating thermostats. Existing hardware and software are not multi¬
functional, and are unable to act as both an alarm and a thermostatic control system. The
electrical power industry also needs method of balancing demand with fluctuating levels of
supply. This can be done by using tariffs that control the use of power to equipment that is
not time dependent, such as refrigeration or storage heating. Single function controllers
require dedicated electrical circuits and metering.
Summary of the Invention
An aspect of the invention provides an energy management module or capsule comprising
connecting means for connection to a mains power supply, means for physical connection to
one or more external electrical devices, data transmission and receiving means for
communicating data with the Internet and control means for controlling the electrical output
to the one or more external electrical devices using data received from the Internet using the
data transmission and receiving means.
The module may further comprise an input mains power measurement sensor, or other
sensors, and an electrical output controller.
The module may further comprise a digital communications capability and controlled by web
services via the Internet.
The module may be configured to be connected with wires or wirelessly to other external
energy management modules or capsules containing sensors or other input devices.
The module may be configured to communicate digitally via mains wiring or low voltage
wiring with one or more other modules, which may have a different configuration of sensors
or electrical outputs or digital communications components.
The module may be configured to transmit sensor data to web services and receives data to
control the electrical output of one or more module or capsule.
The module may be configured to continue to communicate via the Internet after loss of
mains power to any interconnected module or capsule.
There is also provided method of processing of sensor data collected using a module
network according to any preceding definition, or other collected time series data, that in use
identifies changes of patterns of sensor data or forecast future demand for electrical power.
The method may further comprise publishing results according to software applications
connected to the Internet or other telecommunications networks.
Brief Description of the Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the
accompany drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing in overview the concept of an energy management
capsule;
Figure 2 is a block diagram which shows the relationship between hardware and software
modules of the Figure 1 capsule;
Figure 3 is a block diagram showing the interconnection of plural capsules;
Figure 4 is a perspective diagram showing the capsule in a practical embodiment as a multisensor
power socket enclosure;
Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing in overview a second embodiment application.
Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments
Embodiments herein use the concept of "the Internet of Things". In an energy management
module, or 'capsule', sensors inside, or connected to the capsule measure physical
properties which are sent as data to software systems via the Internet. The software
processes the data and sends control signals back to the capsule or multiple capsules.
Other users or systems can also receive information.
Features include the following.
Capsules are powered by a mains voltage input power source that is measured by a sensor.
Power output can be controlled remotely or by internal firmware or with manual switches.
Capsules have additional sensors for data analysis used to control mains or low voltage
electrical output from a capsule.
Software stores sensor data, combines it with other data sources, performs data analytics or
provides information for other purposes, such as predicting future electrical demand.
Capsules have stored energy to enable transmission to the Internet after loss of mains
power.
Multiple Capsules can be interconnected in communications networks.
System settings can be controlled by Web services or smartphones.
This document uses the inclusive "or", which can mean "and".
Consequently, the invention is ubiquitous. It can be used for security monitoring, alarms, air
conditioning, refrigeration, power storage, heating or wherever there are benefits from
remote control of power consuming or storage devices.
Capsules can be built into mains powered electrical equipment or enclosures, such as
refrigerators or mains power sockets.
Capsule electrical output, both mains or low voltage, can be controlled remotely by Web
services.
Data can be transmitted continuously after a mains power failure.
Data can be combined with data from other sources.
Multiple telecommunications methods can be deployed.
Data is protected by strong authentication and encrypted data storage.
Firmware can be updated remotely.
Data collected can be used by other software application developers with the consent of the
data owners.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, there is shown an energy management capsule 17 as an
enclosure for multiple sensors and electronics that control multiple electrical outputs.
Sensors and can be internal or external to the capsule 17. Communication with sensors and
telecommunications can be wired or wireless. Connection to the Internet is by wired or
wireless telecommunications. The capsule 17 is electrically insulated from the surrounding
physical embodiment, except where needed for electrical connection. Aerials 6 or 22 are
mounted externally or internally to meet the requirements of different embodiments.
Referring specifically to Figure 2, both hardware and software modules are shown.
A printed circuit board (PCB) assembly 1 of the capsule 17 has connectors 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 for
making electrical connections with components that are external to the PCB assembly 1 and
capsule 17. Connector 2 is a mains input connector, connected to a mains AC voltage
supply 3 1 via wires 32. Connector 5 is an external sensor that connects to an optional
number of external sensors 8 via wires 35. Connector 6 connects to a variable number of
serial ports 9 via wires 36. Connector 4 is a lower voltage output connector connected to
low voltage electrical outputs 40 via wires 4 1.
The capsule 17 insulates or supports electrical components. It may be constructed from
several parts. The capsule 17 may enclose contain or connect to other capsules 17 or
capsules 29 in any embodiment.
The PCB assembly 1 may be constructed from several parts. Electrical circuits 45, 46 and
47 represent connections between PCB assembly 1 components. Input signals or firmware
can activate parts of the PCB assembly 1 during manufacture or operation.
Circuit 45 is connected to the connectors 2, 3 and 4 and modules 13, 14, 15 and 16, which
operate at mains voltage or are in close proximity to high voltage.
Module 13 produces low voltage DC current for used energy storage in module 18 and by
other modules requiring low voltage DC. Module 14 measures the current used in the
electrical outputs 33. Module 15 is the input and output processor for powerline
communications via connector 2 and wires 32 through the supply 3 1 to external energy
management capsules. Module 16 is a power controller that controls the mains voltage
outputs 33. Module 38 controls the low voltage outputs 40.
The circuits 46 connect all internal modules and circuits in PCB assembly 1. Modules 13,
14, 5, 16 and 38 are described above.
Module 8 is for low voltage energy storage generated by Module 13. It continues to provide
power for low voltage modules if the mains voltage supply 3 1 is not available. Module 19 is
or are the sensor(s) connected to the PCB assembly 1 or capsule 17. Module 20 is the
programmable microcontroller for all the modules referenced in Figure 2. It contains
firmware that is uploaded via serial connection block 6 or external antennae block 7 or
internal antennae module 22. Module 2 1 is a wireless communications processing module
for receiving and transmitting data or control signals. Module 2 1 can be programmed for
multiple protocols dependent on the needs of a specific embodiment and linked energy
management capsules. Module 22 is the variable number of internal antennae that is or are
mounted on PCB assembly 1 or capsule 17.
Circuits 47 control communications with the connector 5, serial communications with the
connector 6 and radio frequency communications with the internal antennae module 22 or
Antennae 10.
The capsule 29 encloses any or all of sensors 8, serial ports 9 and external antennae 10.
More than one capsule 29 may be connected to the capsule 17. Sensors 11 are wirelessly
connected to the PCB assembly 1 via internal antennae module 22 or external antennae 10.
Pipe 23 represents the network of digital communications with the Internet or Local Area
Networks via wired and wireless connections. Pipe 23 provides Web Services 24, 25, 26, 27
and 28. In this case, service 24 is a data storage service. Service 25 is an identity provision
and personal data store. Service 26 is a data analysis service which includes time-series
comparison of historic sensor values with recent values. These are termed as changes.
The service 27 is the presentation of sensor values and changes to Internet connected
devices, such as web browsers or smartphone apps. Service 28 is the means of controlling
services. It remotely controls electrical output from modules 16 or 38 or modifies firmware in
the modules 20 or 21.
Figure 3 shows a network of two or more energy management capsules. For clarity, the
capsules or enclosures are not shown.
PCB assembly 1 connects via the mains connector 2 and the wires 50 to PCB assembly 1*
via the connector 2*. Wires 50 conduct digital signals through the mains power circuits.
Wires 50* extend digital signals to more PCB Assemblies 1*. PCB Assembly 1 connects via
connector 6, ports 9 and Wires 5 1 to PCB Assembly 1*, via Ports 9* and Connector 6*.
Wires 5 1 conduct digital signals through low voltage circuits. Wires 51* extends digital
signals to more PCB Assemblies 1*.
In a network of Capsules, at least one has continuous connection to the Internet when the
mains power supply is not available. It informs a Web service that power has been lost.
Figure 4 shows a smart power socket as an embodiment of the invention. Module 100 is an
enclosure that contains an internal capsule as described in Figure 2. The enclosure 100 has
fixings 200 that secure it to a pattress with a mains power supply. Sensor 300 is a motion
sensor embedded in the fascia of the enclosure 100.
Power is supplied at UK Standard 13 Amp mains sockets 400. Current is measured by
internal power sensors and controlled by actuators. Switches 500 can be used to isolate
power from the sockets 400. Indicators 600 show whether power is being supplied to
Sockets 400.
This embodiment can be used as the hardware for a wellbeing monitor for older people living
alone. The software analyses data hourly for changes from normal behaviour and shows
results on a Web browser or smartphone application.
Several such Smart Power Sockets can be networked in new buildings as alternatives to
standard power sockets, or as replacement power sockets in existing properties.
A similar system is shown in Figure 5 . Here, as with the Figure 4 system, the socket is
typically installed by a professional installer, and would replace an existing outlet. In order to
ensure efficient GSM transmission of data the socket may be fitted proud to the wall and
must not be fitted within a metal pattress box. The permanent installation thus provides a
non-removable sensor system within the home. (A plug in device is subject to removal by
the user). Additionally a fixed location ensures reliable GSM transmission. Installation must
include an assessment of GSM network coverage.
Within the outlet, a custom electronics assembly provides the functionality to support power
monitoring, control, other sensor measurement and communication to the Internet. The unit
may support communication to additional Smart Power Sockets or remote sensors located
within the property. Bluetooth Low Energy, Wi-Fi, Ethernet or other communication systems,
such as SigFox, may also be accommodated.
The system encloses a low voltage DC storage system for two functions.
(a) operation of the microcontroller system for a limited time such that communication
is maintained during a mains power outage. Loss of mains power is communicated
to external monitoring software.
(b) providing peak currents sufficient to operate the telecommunications module,
allowing a smaller AC to DC converter to be incorporated.
The unit has been designed to meet all requisite safety and EMC standards in order to gain
CE certification.
Sockets are developed in several versions with different internal functions and options.
The system may comprise all or a selection of the following sub-components:
« a low power microcontroller system 206. The implemented micro controller subsystem
uses proprietary programs which can be supported by Over The Air
programming (OTA). Firmware program changes can be implemented, after
installation, by remote wireless access;
an AC to DC convertor 208 to power the microcontroller and associated electronics;
a lithium battery 210;
• a PCB assembly 212 containing the electronics;
a motion detector 214 using, for example, a passive infra red sensor connected via
an analogue interface;
a current sense coil 216 which, in use, measures the current consumption of the
appliance under observation (which could be, for example, a kettle 218 connected via
a mains power cord);
» a temperature sensor 220;
• a ring main 222 (incoming voltage) to the socket;
• one or more switched 3A outlets 224; and
« an internal GSM antenna 226.
The system may also include communication interface circuits 228, such as WIFI, Bluetooth
or Ethernet/mains circuits.
The microcontroller system 206 includes, without limitation,
• non-volatile program memory, containing the Operating System and Program
Firmware. The memory also provides means for storage of locally collected data
even in the event of power or network failure. The data can subsequently be
accessed when systems are restored;
» sufficient RAM for program execution and computation;
• a GSM communication module;
• digital inputs and outlets;
» analogue inputs and outlets; and
• Integrated charging system for the battery.
The socket is built using PCB assemblies fitted into an enclosure made from a power socket
face-plate and a modified commercially available pattress box. Components are embedded
in PCBs, connected with soldered wires or clips. Separation of low voltage and high voltage
is with shaped insulating plastic mouldings.
The electronics components may be miniaturised into a capsule that will fit into a wide range
of international pattress and fascia designs. Connections with external components are
made via connector blocks.
The physical design ensures that the electronics can fit within existing power socket outlets
or as part of a new socket assembly. Such a design will enable the retrofit to existing wall
power outlets. The back-up battery may be replaced without access to the components
inside the power socket capsule.
The power socket capsule contains the microcontroller and electronics, which is present in
all use cases. For power sockets that are not located in the optimum location for sensors,
an external power capsule containing external sensors may be connected with wires or
wirelessly.
It will be appreciated that the foregoing are merely an examples of embodiments and some
examples of their use. The skilled reader will readily understand that modifications can be
made thereto without departing from the true scope of the inventions.
Claims
1. An energy management module or capsule comprising connecting means for connection
to a mains power supply, means for physical connection to one or more external electrical
devices, data transmission and receiving means for communicating data with the Internet and
control means for controlling electrical output to the one or more external electrical devices using
data received from the Internet using the data transmission and receiving means.
2. A module according to claim 1 further comprising an input mains power measurement
sensor, or other sensors, and an electrical output controller.
3. A module according to claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising a digital communications
capability and controlled by web services via the Internet.
4. A module according to any preceding claim, configured to be connected with wires or
wirelessiy to other external energy management modules or capsules containing sensors or
other input devices.
5. A module according to claim 4, configured to communicate digitally via mains wiring or
low voltage wiring with one or more other modules, which may have a different configuration of
sensors or electrical outputs or digital communications components.
6. A module according to claim 5, configured to transmit sensor data to web services and
receives data to control the electrical output of one or more module or capsule.
7. A module according to claim 5, configured to continue to communicate via the Internet
after loss of mains power to any interconnected module or capsule.
8. A module according to any preceding claim, wherein the control means is controlled by
firmware and is configured to be updated using Over the Air (OTA) communications.
9. A method of processing of sensor data collected using a module network according to
Claim 6, or other collected time series data, that in use identifies changes of patterns of sensor
data or forecast future demand for electrical power.
10. A method according to claim 9, further comprising publishing results according to
software applications connected to the Internet or other telecommunications networks.