FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT 1970
(39 of 1970)
AND
The Patents Rules, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10 and rulel3)
1. TITLE OF THE INVENTION:
"'EUCALYPTUS' TERRY TOWELS, BED LINEN AND RUGS/CARPETS BY
INCORPORATING EUCALYPTUS FIBER YARN IN LOOPED TERRY
FABRIC, LOOP TUFTED RUGS/CARPETS, WARP/WEFT OF FLAT
FABRIC AND PRODUCTS MADE THEREOF."
2. APPLICANT:
(a) NAME: WELSPUN GLOBAL BRANDS LIMITED
(b)NATIONALITY: Indian Company incorporated under the Indian Companies ACT, 1956
(c) ADDRESS: Welspun House, 6th Floor, Kamala City, Senapati Bapat
Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai - 400013, Maharashtra, India.
3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION:
The following specification describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

FIELD OF INVENTION:
The present invention relates to fabrics comprising eucalyptus yarns. More particularly, the present invention to a terry fabric and variations thereof, including rugs and carpets and flat fabrics such as Bed sheets (including Duvets, Blankets, comforters and other bed covers) comprising eucalyptus yarn in the loops/tufts and warp or weft of flat fabrics, hence, improving the technical qualities and physical appearance of the fabric. The present invention also relates to process for manufacturing thereof.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION:
Loop/Terry fabrics are formed with three types of yarns. The ground warp is a longitudinal set of yarns forming the base fabric. The pile warp is again a set of longitudinal warp yarns that are used to form the loop piles on the fabric surface. The weft yarn forms the transverse yarn that interlaces with the ground and the pile warp to form the fabric.
A ground fabric made of cotton yarn and provided with loops of Cotton fiber yarn to form a looped fabric. The ground fabric has a ground weave that is obtained by a technique with two and half, three weft insertions or by a technique with four or five or six weft insertions. The looped fabric has a weight between 200 and 1700 gram/m. The number of warp threads per cm fabric is between 16.5 and 34, and the number of weft threads per cm fabric is between 10 and 28, and the number of loops per cm fabric is between 3 and 9. The looped fabric may be used as a terry. The terry fabric may be of yarn dyed or fabric dyed or valour finished fibers/yarn, as required.
Conventionally, fabrics having loops, such as terry from which towels are made, consist of loops that are drawn from a secondary warp yarn and bound on the base fabric or ground fabric, consisting of ground warp interlaced with transverse yarns known as weft. In technical terms, such fabrics are referred to as looped fabrics, wherein the loops are formed by the warp or the weft. Such fabrics are referred to as warp or weft looped fabrics respectively.
The towels range in size from 12 inch x 12 inch (wash Towels), 21 inch x 32 inch (Hand), 27 inch x 54 inch (Bath), 34 inch x 54 inch (Bath sheet) etc.

The ground fabric consists in general of a woven under layer. Weave of the ground fabric may comprise, but is not limited to, a plain weave, a satin weave or a twill weave. The loops are most frequently made of cotton or another fiber. The main characteristics of looped fabrics are determined by the loops which are generally, but not necessarily, provided on both sides of the ground fabric.
Looped fabrics are most frequently applied as cloths such as towels, bathrobes, but recently also more as a technical fabric for example in the application as walking socks. Looped fabrics also have other applications such as for floor mats, bath rugs for bathrooms.
Not all terry fabrics are woven, knitted terry is frequently employed in clothing. Also, in woven terry, the loops may be sheared or "Velour" by shearing. In such ease, a rather fluffy surface or in the ease of complete shearing of the loops, a real velvet surface can be obtained.
Conventional looped fabrics, and more in particular cotton bath fabrics, have the disadvantage of considerably shrinking when being washed. The degree in which the terry shrinks depends or the construction of this terry cloth, the used yams and the industrial finishing thereof.
The main purpose of such looped fabrics is their use as towel to dry the body. This implicates a great number of specific requirements, including good water absorption; a certain flexibility; an acceptable consistency of the loops; good stabilities: the towel should be resistant against washing in hot water, sunlight, etc. The towels should satisfy certain dimensions that are requested by a customer.
A terry towel is used, for wiping the body off water during bathing and washing, sweat and perspiration, while performing physical exercises, playing indoor games and outdoor games, and various other forms of physical activities, and hence a towel should be highly absorbent, should not smell foul and be quick to dry. Towels should also have

antibacterial/antifungal properties to eliminate possible ground for the breeding of fungi and bacteria, which in turn could lead to bad odor.
The "towel" therefore should have properties of,
• Optimum absorbency
• Quick drying Anti-bacterial
• Anti-odor
The pile yarn in the towel must have wicking properties and also be highly absorbent to facilitate the towel function. The twist level used in these yarns therefore is low in order to have more openings between the fibers in the yarn. The range of twist multiplier employed for ring spun carded counts varies from 3.0 to 4.25 and for combed counts, it varies from 2.8 to 3.8.
The main function of a towel or toweling fabric is to absorb water and/or moisture and thereby dry a surface, such as the skin. This function is generally referred to herein as the 'drying function'. The drying function is mainly dependant on the ability of a fabric to physically remove the droplets of water from the skin and to absorb the water that has been so removed.
The amount of water that a toweling fabric can remove and absorb is a function of the type of pile yarn used in the fabric. The greater the ability of the fabric, to remove droplets and absorb them, the greater is its performance of the drying function.
When a towel encounters a water droplet, the pile loops first remove the droplet by sucking the droplet between the space available among the pile loops and then absorbing the water inside the yarn in the space between the fibers in the yarn. Then the absorbed water enters the lumen of the cotton fiber.
Normally the yarns used in terry fabrics are coarse and range from Ne 6s to 50s in single as well as doubled configuration for pile, weft and ground yarns. The coarse yarn has a greater number of fibers in the cross section.

The yarns used in terry fabrics are all cotton except for yarns used in decorative designs and embellishments on the fabric. The terry fabrics are made of " 100% cotton", even if the fabric contains some non-cotton yarn, since the quantity of the non-cotton yarn in the terry fabric is very low, i.e. typically less than 3% (wt/wt) [about 15-20 gms/per towel weight of 450 gms]. Decorative designs and embellishments are typically formed using polyester filament, polyester spun, viscose filament, viscose spun, mercerized cotton yarn, modal yarns, chenille yarn and combinations thereof. Towels used as hotel towels, hospital towels are made of blended yarns, with fibers other than cotton, including regenerated and synthetic fibers. .
Normally, in towels and toweling fabrics, which are 100% cotton, absorbency is brought about by using low twist yarns. The other three properties of quick drying, anti-bacterial and anti-odor are normally not there.
A bed sheet is a piece of cloth used to cover a mattress. It is this sheet that one typically lies on. In many areas of the world, a second flat bed sheet is laid on top of the sheet covering the mattress. This is known as a "top sheet" and when a top sheet is used, the sheet covering the mattress is known as a "bottom sheet". One sleeps between the two bed sheets. Blankets, comforters, duvets, sham, and other bed covers, such as pillow covers are then placed on top of the second bed sheet.
Bed sheets come in two main varieties-flat or fitted. A flat bed sheet is simply a rectangular sheet of cloth, while a fitted bed sheet has its four corners, and sometimes two or four sides, fitted with elastic, to be used only as a bottom sheet. The purpose of a fitted bottom sheet is to keep it from slipping off the mattress while the bed is in use. A particular way of folding and tucking while making the bed, known as "hospital corners", is sometimes used when the bottom sheet is flat rather than fitted.
Bed sheets were traditionally white, but now various colors and patterns are used. The quality of bed sheets is often conveyed by the thread count - the number of threads per square inch of material. In general, the higher the thread count, the softer the sheet, but

the weave and type of thread may affect the "hand" of the material so that a sheet with a lower thread count may actually be softer than one with a higher count.
Common materials include cotton, linen, and blends of cotton and polyester. Other materials sometimes seen are silk, rayon, and bamboo fiber.
Usually a flat bed sheet is over locked around the edges to form four seams. One of the seams is wider than the other three and helps with orienting the sheet correctly on the mattress. The wider seam goes at the head end of the mattress. Sometimes the sides do not have seams, but are finished with the selvedge only.
When making a bed, the patterned or monogrammed side of the top sheet is placed facing down and then the top edge is folded towards the foot of the bed, exposing the design.
"Bed size" refers to the dimensions of a mattress and the names by which standard sizes are called. The dimensions and names vary considerably around the world, with most countries having their own standards and terminology. While the "double" size appears to be standard among English speaking countries, based on the imperial measurement; the sizes for other bed types tend to vary. The European sizes differ, not merely because of difference based on use of the metric system.
A king-sized bed differs from the other sizes in implementation, as it is not common to have a king-sized box spring; rather, two smaller box-springs are used under a king-sized mattress. It is a common misconception that on a U.S. "standard" or "eastern king", the box springs are identical in size to a "twin extra-long," however "twin extra-long" mattresses next to each other add up to 78 inches wide instead of the 76 inch width that is standard for an "eastern king." California King: 72 x 84 in a common size on the West Coast of the United State, also called a "Western King", "West Coast King", "Cal King", or "WC King".
Sheet is a woven fabric. The number of threads used in weaving is counted by the square inch. For example a thread count of 180 means a weave of 100 vertical threads per square inch, called the warp, and 80 horizontal threads, called the weft. The thickness of the

thread is also a factor in this equation. The finer the thread the more of them there will be in one square inch, giving a higher thread count. The range of construction is from Thread count 48 to 1600, with ends per inch ranging from 2D to 275, and picks per inch from )3 to 180.
Another thing to be aware of is ply. Two ply fabrics is made by twisting the yarns together before weaving, whereas single ply uses a single thread. Using two ply yarns doubles the thread count. So to compare the two remember that a single ply with a thread count of 100 is equal to a two ply with a count of 200. Thread count can go as high as 800 or 1000 threads. The term percale means a thread count of at least 100.
A higher thread count is not necessarily better because the higher the thread counts the thinner and more delicate the fibers will be, unless it is 2 ply. Since 2 ply doubles the thread count this makes the cotton heavier, not necessarily desirable in bed sheets.
Of course a high thread count is not the only determinant of quality in bed linen. The treatment that the cotton fiber has received, for example mercerizing, (Mercerizing is a chemical treatment which produces increased strength and a sateen finish which accepts dyes more readily) and the way in which the bed linen is woven and finished, all contribute to the quality of the finished product.
Similarly, rugs are thick woven or tufted floor covering of shaggy or thick piled surface used in specific areas of application. Rugs may have thick piles on one or both sides of the backing fabric. The thick piled surface is also sheared to give the surface soft velvety touch.
The backing fabric is normally a cotton canvas or HDPE (High Density Poly Ethylene) or PP (Polypropylene, with or without Nylon fleece) woven fabric or Non- Woven fabric of polypropylene, fibers.
Rugs may have tufting on one surface, and latex or rubber coating on the other surface to hold the tufts in place; as otherwise the tufts may get dislodged from the backing fabric. Moreover, the latex or rubber coating acts as anti-skid surface.

The tufting pile yams are usually selected from natural fiber yarns such as, cotton, linen, hemp, sisal, wool, silk,, ramie, banana Fiber or regenerated cellulose fiber yarns such as, viscose, bamboo, modal, rose or synthetic fiber yarns such as, nylon, polyester and polypropylene.
Loop densities range from 2.5 to 14.88 per sq. cm (16 to 96 per Sq. Inch) and loop heights of 3mm to 34 mm. the count of the tufting yarn used range from Ne2's to 20's (count is the weight per unit length).In the case of rugs and carpets the tuft loops are formed on tufting machines where in the loop yarn is tufted on to the base fabric by needles. The tufting can be of yarn dyed varieties or piece dyed varieties.
During the exploration for introducing the above properties in the towels, various fibers and their characteristics were studied. As a result of these studies it was found that,
1. The Eucalyptus fiber is a regenerated cellulose fiber, processed with non-toxic spinning solvent in a closed loop system. E.g. Tencel, Birla cellulose. The regular viscose rayon uses a viscous solution for dissolving and spinning the pulp consisting of Carbon disulphide. This is called hydrolysis alkalization or solution spinning, the other chemicals used are Sodium hydroxide and Sulfuric acid.
2. The eucalyptus fiber is soft, comfortable, bright and durable. These fibers have natural anti-bacterial properties, and are highly absorbent. The production of fibers involves such processes, which ensure heavy metal and Zinc free fibers. The effluents are non-toxic, with low solid waste generation, hence eco -friendly.
3. Eucalyptus Fibers (Regenerated Cellulose fibers) made of Natural Eucalyptus tree Pulp exhibits the following important properties.
• Natural anti-bacterial properties. Eucalyptus grow naturally, with out using any pesticides. Eucalyptus has unique antibacterial and bacteriostasis bio-agent this substance is tightly embedded in the cellulose molecule during fiber production.

This being natural anti-bacteria function does not cause any skin irritation and is deodorant.
• The Eucalyptus fiber has unusual breathability and coolness. The cross section of Eucalyptus fiber is filled with various micro gaps and micro holes. Hence it has better moisture absorption and ventilation properties.
• The Eucalyptus fiber can blend with Cotton, Polyester, and other regenerated cellulose fibers in various proportions and can be spun on the cotton spinning systems. The Eucalyptus fiber has a dry tensile strength of 2.33 g/tex, a wet tensile strength of 1.37 g/tex, elongation at break of 23.8% and moisture regain of 13.03%.
• The Eucalyptus fiber is available in the following Dtex (Decitex ,Tex. is Weight in gms/1000 meters) and Cut lengths.

Eucalyptus fibers are regenerated cellulose fibers made from eucalyptus pulp of high yielding eucalyptus trees, scientifically raised on waste and fallow larids. Purified cellulose is the starting ingredient and is 100% natural and biodegradable. Once their useful life is complete, they are returned to nature, without disturbing ecological balance. This is an eco-sustainable plant. The yield of eucalyptus fiber is 50 times that of the cotton grown in the same land acreage.
9

The use of Eucalyptus yarns in the loops of a cotton ground fabric provides a better water absorbing capacity to the looped fabric and the cloths made thereof. The water absorbing capacity of the looped fabrics and the cloths made therefore is up to 80% on surface water soaking test as compared to 45-50% of the normal looped fabric. The looped fabric with Eucalyptus fiber yarns is able to immediately absorb water. In addition, the looped fabrics according to the present invention are also able to absorb a sufficient amount of water in order to fulfill the towel function and to quickly dry. Furthermore, Eucalyptus has natural anti-bacterial characteristics. As a result, the use of Eucalyptus fibers in looped fabrics and terry cloths is very advantageous from a hygiene point of view.
Eucalyptus fiber is soft, comfortable, bright and durable. These fibers have natural anti¬bacterial properties, and are highly absorbent. The production of fibers involves such processes, which ensure heavy metal and Zinc free fibers. The effluents are non-toxic, . with low solid waste generation, hence eco-friendly.
Many patent and patent applications have been filed for use of Eucalyptus yarns in plurality of applications such as, Japanese Patent No. 6102620 which relates to use of Eucalyptus fiber in wiping material, US Patent 5800416 and US Patent Application Publication No. 2007264896 discloses use of Eucalyptus fibers in membranes for medicinal applications and US patents 6096152 and 6277241 assigned to Kimberly-Clark Co. relates to use or eucalyptus fibers in tissues and paper webs. None of the mentioned patent/patent applications relate to use of Eucalyptus fiber in terry fabrics or variations thereof or in flat fabrics.
In view of above, inventor proposes to incorporate eucalyptus yarns in the loops of the looped fabric and warp and wefts of flat fabric, thereby inculcating various advantages in the looped fabrics and fiat fabrics of invention over known prior art. Further, the incorporation of eucalyptus yarns in the looped fabric results in improved softness of the fabric and "silky" brilliance which is obtained due to better color pick-up by the eucalyptus fibers.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION:
Accordingly, the invention provides looped and flat fabrics comprising eucalyptus yarn,
wherein the eucalyptus yarn is made of eucalyptus fiber component in range if 5% -
100% and/or another fiber component incorporated in production of pile yarn, weft yarn
and ground yarn for manufacture of looped fabrics and flat fabrics which has the
properties of enhanced softness, high absorbency, quick drying and anti-bacterial and
anti-viral activity for use as Towel/Toweling fabric, rugs, carpets and flat fabrics
such as sheets.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS:
Figs. 1(a) and (b) depicts the flowchart for cotton + eucalyptus (50:50) spinning and
twisting respectively.
Fig. 2 depicts the flowchart for manufacturing of terry towels.
Figs. 3(a) and (b) depicts the flowchart for cotton + eucalyptus spinning and twisting
respectively.
Fig. 4 depicts the process flow chart for table top tufting items
Fig. 5 depicts the process flow chart for machine tufting items.
Figs. 6 (a) and (b) depicts the flowchart for cotton + eucalyptus spinning and twisting
respectively.
Fig. 7 depicts the flowchart for manufacturing of sheets
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION:
The invention will now be described in details in connection with certain preferred and optional embodiments so that various aspects thereof may be more fully understood and appreciated.
For purpose of current invention, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of skill in the art to which the disclosed invention belongs.
For purpose of current invention, terms "eucalyptus fiber" or "eucalyptus yarn" or "eucalyptus thread" are used herein as synonyms and refer to a yarn comprising a

cellulose fiber component generated form eucalyptus pulp either alone or blended with another fibers component.
For purpose of this invention, the said "another fiber component" is a fiber or yarn or thread of cotton, linen, silk, wool, viscose, bamboo, polyester, nylon, polypropylene or any other such material.
For purpose of current invention, terms "looped fabric", "terry fabric", "terry towels", are used herein as synonyms and refer to a fabric that essentially consists of a ground fabric from which loops extend on one or both sides of the ground fabric.
For purpose of this invention, term "Plied" should be understood in its broadest context and comprises, for instance, simple twisting of two yarns or multiple yarns consisting of more than two yarns. For example in rugs, which may consist of more than two yarns twisted in one operation and or cabled, in that the twisted yarns are once again twisted to form a cabled yam. The yarns may be twisted in the S- or Z-direction
In an embodiment, the invention provides a looped fabric that comprises a ground fabric which is essentially made of cotton and provided with loops of Eucalyptus fiber. The looped fabric comprises of eucalyptus yarn loops which are formed either on both sides of the ground fabric or on one side depending on application.
Physical parameters of Eucalyptus yarn are enlisted in table I. The values can vary by 10-20% depending on the conditions of manufacturing.
Table no.l
Physical properties of Eucalyptus fibers tested at 20°C and 65% relative humidity.



in another embodiment, the eucalyptus yarn of invention is completely or partly mixed with another fiber, such as cotton, polyester, viscose, etc. When the % of eucalyptus is less than 100%, other component may consist of cotton, linen, silk, wool, viscose, bamboo, polyester, nylon, polypropylene and the like.
Further, said looped fabric comprising a ground warp, a looped warp and a ground weft. The ground weft, the ground warp and the looped warp may comprise single yarns and/or doubled yarns. Two Yams that are twisted are called doubled / plied yarns. The said looped warp may be sheared leading to velvety surface. Preferably, the ground warp is made of 100% cotton, where a strong thread is preferred. Further, for the ground warp, single as well as plied yarns may be used.
In another embodiment, the invention provides looped fabrics wherein, ground warp and ground weft are made of cotton, preferably 100% cotton. The looped warp essentially consists of bamboo fiber and preferably of 5% to 100% bamboo fiber. Optionally the bamboo fiber can be mixed completely or partly with other fibers. In the looped warp, single as well as plied yarns may be used. The looped warp might have a low twist multiplier to improve water absorbency. For single yarns, the twist multiplier is lower than 4.5. For plied yarns, the twist multiplier is lower at 1.25 and up to 4.58 that is, the twist per inch ranges from 4.0 tpi (turns per inch) to 14,5. In the case of rugs, where cabled yarn is used the twist multiplier may range from 0.6 to 4.5.
In still another embodiment, the invention provides a looped fabric wherein, both ground warp and looped warp consists of eucalyptus yarns, preferably of 5% to 100% Eucalyptus fiber. When the % of eucalyptus is less than 100%, the other component may consist of

cotton, linen, silk, wool, viscose, bamboo, polyester, nylon, polypropylene or any other fiber of choice.
In yet another embodiment, the invention provides a looped fabric wherein, ground warp, looped warp and ground weft consist of Eucalyptus yarn, and preferably of 5% to 100% Eucalyptus fiber.
In further embodiment, the invention provides bath towels wherein, the warp consists of Eucalyptus yarn, preferably from 5% to 100% Eucalyptus fiber and of single yarn. This further improves the flexibility, with non-sheared or sheared varieties. When the % of eucalyptus is less than 100%, the other component may consist of cotton, linen, silk, wool, viscose, bamboo, polyester, nylon, polypropylene or any other fiber.
Further, the looped warp may have one or more colors. To obtain even terry, the looped warp may be provided in one color. Colors of weft threads, ground warp and looped warp may be the same or different. Some terry may be woven extra heavily, example, bathroom rugs or carpet.
In a preferred embodiment, the looped fabric has a weight of 200 to 1700 gram/m2 and preferably between 300 and 850 gram/m2. The number of threads the per cm fabric in the warp direction 23.62, with a range of 21 and 34 and preferably between 2] and 29, the number of weft threads per cm fabric of 10 and 28, and preferably between 14 and 22. The looped fabric has a weight of 200 to 1700 gram/m2 and preferably between 300 and 850 gram/m2. Number of threads the per cm fabric in the warp direction 23.62, with a range of 21 and 34 and preferably between 21 and 29, the number of weft threads per cm fabric of 10 and 28, and preferably between 14 and 22. The yarn count in the looped warp is between Ne 6/1 and Ne 50/1, preferably between Ne 6/1 and Ne 40/1 for simple yams and between Ne 4/3, 6/3, 6/2 (for rugs) and Ne 40/2, and for instance betweens 12/2 and Ne 36/2 plied and cabled yarns. The yarn count in the ground warp is between Ne 6/1 and Ne 20/1 for single yarns and between Ne 12/2 and 30/2 for twined yarns. The yarn count in the ground weft is between Ne 10/1 and Ne 24/1 for simple yarns.

Further, the loop length per loop (and thus the height of a loop) is defined as the ratio of the length of loop warp per cm of ground fabric and the number of loops per cm. The number of loops per cm is determined by dividing the number of weft threads per cm by 3 (for a three picks terry sequence) or by 4 (for a four pick sequence). Preferably the number of loops per cm looped fabric is between 3 and 9, preferably between 4 and 7. The loop length per cm fabric on one side of the fabric is in vange of 0.5 to 1.7 cm, and preferably between 0.7 and 1.5 cm. All loops in the fabric may have a same loop length/loop height. It is also possible to have different loop lengths/loop heights in the fabric. For instance; the loops on one side of the fabric may have different height, than the loops on the other side of the fabric. Also, loops having different 1oop lengths/loop heights maybe produced on one side of the fabric.
In another preferred embodiment, the looped fabric has more than 30%, more than 50%, more than 75%, more than 85%, more than 95% of the surface of the looped fabric covered with eucalyptus loops. The looped fabric is characterized in that between 30 and 90 % of, and preferably 60% of the total weight is of the looped yarn.
The looped fabric of invention can be used in manufacture of terry and the like fabrics consisting of Eucalyptus yarn loops. For instance in towels, bathrobes, bath capes, face clothes; sleeping bags made of terry, etc. It can also be used for clothing including for (baby) clothes, medical clothes, and sport and pleasure clothes etc. For this, one can use imitated terry cloth or a heavily woven format. Other application can be in manufacture of sport and pleasure clothes, bedding materials, blankets, mats, carpets, and the like.
The invention further provides a terry, which comprises a looped fabric, and which is preferably provided with one or more borders. Such borders can, optionally, be printed. These borders may also be provided in Eucalyptus fiber preferably of 5 % to 100% Eucalyptus fiber. In a preferred embodiment such terry has a border having a length comprised between 1 and 15 cm, and preferably between 5 and 10 cm.
The terry of present invention is typically used to form towels and wash clothes. However, it may also be used as towels, undergarments, sweaters and baby articles or other articles that require absorbent fabrics.

The toweling fabrics have low thermal conductivity, and thus produce a warm feeling when pressed against the body. These towels are more voluminous and lighter than standard cotton towels.
The yarn in the pile which is a blend of cotton and eucalyptus fibers permits easy air circulation and is highly absorbent. Thus the towel is highly absorbent and quick drying, having a decreased likelihood of mildew formation due to anti bacterial properties of Eucalyptus fibers. Typically the towels are. 30% more absorbent and quick drying compared to normal towels.
According to above embodiment, the invention further, provides a method for manufacture of terry fabric as detailed below.
Production of the pile yarn:
The pile yarns normally are cotton yarns in single/double yarn configuration made of cotton yarn or the blends of cotton, viscose, silk, etc. The count ranging from NE 6's to 50's in single and NE 2/6's to 2/50's in double configuration, with twist multipliers from 2.8 to 4.58 in single and twist multiplier of 1.25 to 4.58 with TPI of 6.5 to 14 in the double configuration. In the current embodiment the pile yarn is a blend of cotton and eucalyptus fiber'(50:50) with a count of NE 13's and TM of 3.8. The said pile yarn is manufactured by following process:
BLOW ROOM: Processing cotton MCU 5 through regular blow room, (This Indian cotton has a characteristics of 2.5% span length of 30 mm, micronire of 3.8, strength of 28 gms/tex, short fiber index of 2.5) cotton from Indian origin, Egyptian, American Pima, Australian or of any other origin with properties ranging from 25-34 mm, 2.5% span length, 3.5- 4.5 micronaire, 20-34 gms/tex,2.0-5.5 short fiber index can be used.
CARD; through the carding machine, with a Hank (Weight / unit length) of 0.110 (Range 0.105 to 0.120).
Card slivers are passed through Breaker Drawing, 6 ends up (8 ends up can also be possible) Drg hank 0.110(Range 0.105 to 0.120).

Unilap machine, with 24 ends up and a lap weight of 65 gm/meter, processed through combing machine to get a Sliver hank of 0.110 ( Range 0.105 to 0.120 ), after removing a noil of 18% ( noil is the short fibers removed in the combing process ranging from 8% to 24%).
Blow room for Eucalyptus: Eucalyptus fibers of 1,5 denier (1.67 Dtex), 38 mm, were processed through short process synthetic blow room process, Carding through synthetic card with a out put hank of 0.110 Card slivers are passed through Breaker Drawing, 6 ends up( 8 ends up can also be possible) Drg hank 0.110 ( Range 0.105 to 0.120).
DRAW FRAME ( BLENDING OF COTTON & EUCALYPTUS IN DRAW FRAME AS PER REQUIREMENT) In the Finisher Drawing both the cotton carded sliver ,and eucalyptus sliver are blended ( 3 ends up each to give.50:50 blehd)and drawn to produce a hank of 0.110.
SPEED FRAME: The Sliver is attenuated and twisted arid wound on to bobbins to produce Roving of 0.6 hanks (range 0.5 to 2.4) with a TPI (twist per inch) of 1.1 (range .9-1.55).
RING FRAME: The count spun was NE (Number English, number of 840 yards hank in one lb) 13's, (Range of count from 8's to 36's) with a TPI of 13.7(Twist multiplier of 3.8, 4.2 respectively) (range of TM 2.8 -4.5).
AUTO CONE; Ring yarn was wound in to a large package of 2,5 kgs on paper cones.
Production of the Weft and Ground Yams;
The ground yarn has a count ranging from Ne 2/6s to Ne 2/40s and Ne 6 s to Ne 40s combed or carded. In the preferred embodiment, the ground yarn is 2/24s cotton. This could be a ring spun or OE yarn. The weft yarn has a count ranging from Ne 6s to Ne 50s both carded/combed, Ring and OE yarn. OE stands for Open End, a different spinning technique of making yarn than the ring spun yarn, wherein the yarn is made directly from

sliver by using rotor-spinning technology In the preferred embodiment the weft is 2/24's cotton.
Weft and ground yarns are prepared according to standard procedures. However, during combing only 8-24% of the noil is removed. Typically 8 %, 10%, 12%, 14%, or 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 24% of the noil is removed. The TM for weft yarn and ground yarn is from 2.8 to 4.58 Z twist. The weft and ground yarn may be dyed. The dyed or grey ground yarn is sent to warping and to weaving.
Normally, when the pile yarn is in single, the yarn is sized to impart additional strength to the yarn to withstand the stresses and strains of weaving. The size recipe in the typical embodiment is Terry size (a synthetic starch) 2.15%, Soft size (a softener) 0.10% and Water 97.75%.
Weaving of Pile, Weft, and Ground Yarns:
The ground, weft, and pile yarns are woven together under normal conditions. The terry
fabric can be made on 54, 56, 60, 70, 72 reeds. In the preferred embodiment, the reed is
60. The picks/cm, range from 13 to 22, with a preferred pick/cm of 17.3.
The terry weave can be 3 pick, 4 pick, 5 pick, and 6 pick terry.
In the preferred embodiment, the weave is 3 pick Terries. The pile height can range from 4.0 to 7.5mm, and the preferred pile height is 6.5 mm.
Desizing, Bleaching and dyeing of Terry towel/fabric:
After the weaving is completed, the fabric roll is de-sized, bleached and dyed in the normal fashion in a fabric dyeing machine. While scouring, bleaching and dyeing, the operating temperature range from 9 5°C to 120 °C. In the preferred embodiment, the temperature is 120°C.
The liquor ratio is a ratio of the material (weight) to water (volume). The liquor ratio should be sufficient to facilitate free movement of the fabric. Typically the liquor ratio ranges from 1:5 to 1:30. In the preferred embodiment the liquor ratio is 1:10.

The material is typically wound into the shape of a rope prior to entering the fabric-dyeing machine. A continual overflow of water is desired.
A rinsing step also ensures that any loose libers drain out along with the drain water.
Drying and Straightening the Towels
After unloading the material from the washing and rinsing vessel, the material is hydro-extracted in a Hydro-extractor in the standard manner to reduce the moisture from 200% to 60%. A rope is passed through rope opener, which is equipped with drum beaters both at feed and delivery ends, to straighten the twist in the rope. Then the material is passed two times through a hot air dryer (e.g. Alea) which is equipped with drum beaters at both the feed and delivery ends. This ensures proper lifting of the pile. The first drying is carried out at 120 °C. The second drying occurs at a higher temperature, such as 150 °C for 4 to 5 minutes. The full width fabric is then passed through hot air stenter and a weft straightener to straighten the fabric and return it to its proper dimensions. Alternatively the drying after rope opening can be in a tumble drier where the fabric is dried in hot air along with tumbling for getting softness and bulk in the towel.
Alternatively, the desizing, bleaching and dyeing can be performed on the continuous dyeing range, where all the above operations are carried out continuously,
Shearing:
The towels are then passed through the shearing machine on both the sides. The
blade/laser on the shearing machine is set such that only protruding fibers are cut, and the
piles are not cut. The fabric is then carried through length cutting, length hemming, cross
cutting, cross hemming, checking, folding, and packing according to the standard
practice.
In another embodiment, the invention provides warp and weft yarns that contains cotton and eucalyptus fibers, for making and using such a yarns in the sheeting and related fabrics is described herein. Preferably, the warp yarn is of single yarn Ne 1/40's (Cotton 75% Eucalyptus 25%), woven with a weft yarn of NE 1/40's (Cotton 75% Eucalyptus 25%), to produce sheeting fabric, such as bed sheet. The sheets are dyed in the normal

method; the sheets are highly absorbent, quick drying, anti bacterial than standard cotton sheets.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a process for manufacturing of the flat fabric as detailed below:
Sheets are formed from two types of yarn. The first type of yarn is the warp. The warp is the longitudinal set of yarn forming the fabric. The second type of yarn is the weft yarn. The weft yarns are laid perpendicular to the warp yarns, and interlace with warp yarn to form the fabric of the sheet. The warp and the weft yarns are standard yarns that are generally used in sheet manufacturing processes.
Yarn manufacturing process:
BLOW ROOM :Cotton MCU 5 is processed through regular blow room, (This Indian cotton has a characteristics of 2.5% span length of 30 mm ,micron ire of 3.8,strength of 28 gms/tex, short fiber index of 2.5 ) cotton from Indian origin, Egyptian, American Pima, Australian or of any other origin with properties ranging from 25-34 mm ,2.5% span length,3.5 4.5 micron ire, 20-34 gms/tex,2.0-5.5 short fiber index can be used.
CARD: through the carding machine, with a Hank (Weight / unit length)of 0.110 ( Range 0.105 to 0.120).
Card slivers are passed through Breaker Drawing, 6 ends up (8 ends up can also be possible) Drg. hank 0.120(Range 0.105 to 0.130).
Unilap machine, with 24 ends up and a lap weight of 65 gm/meter, processed through combing machine to get a Sliver hank of 0.120 ( Range 0.105 to 0.130 ), after removing a NOIL of 20% (noil is the short fibers removed in the combing process ranging from 8% to 24%).
Blow room for Eucalyptus: Eucalyptus fibers of 1.5 denier ( 1.67 Dtex), 38 mm, are processed through short process synthetic blow room process, carding through synthetic card with a out put hank of 0.110. Card slivers are passed through Breaker Drawing, 6 ends up (8 ends up can also be possible) Drg hank 0.120 (Range 0.105 to 0.130).

DRAW FRAME: In the Finisher Drawing both the cotton carded sliver and eucalyptus sliver are blended (4 ends of cotton and 2 ends of eucalyptus to give 75:25 blend) and drawn to produce a hank of 0.120.
SPEED FRAME: The sliver is attenuated, twisted and wound on to bobbins to produce roving of 1.0 hank (range 0.5 to 3.0) with a TPI (twist per inch) of 1.2 (range 0.9-1.55).
RING FRAME: The count spun is Ne 40's, range of count from 20!s to 120's with a TPI of 27.2 (Twist multiplier of 4.3) (range of TM 2.8-4.5).
AUTO CONE: Ring yarn was wound in to a large package of 2.5 kgs on paper cones.
Production of the Warp yarn:
The warp yarns normally are cotton yarns in single/double yarn configuration made of cotton yarn or the blends of cotton, viscose, polyester, silk etc., The count ranging from Ne20's to 120's in single and Ne2/20's to 2/120's in double configuration, with twist multipliers from 2.8 to 4.5 in single and twist multiplier of 2,8 to 4.5 with TPI of 9.5 to 39 in the double configuration. In the current embodiment the warp yarn is a blend of cotton and eucalyptus fiber yarn (75:25) with a count of Ne40's and TM of 4.3.
Production of the Weft Yarns:
The Weft yarn has a count ranging from Ne20's to Nel20's in single and Ne2/20 s to Ne2/120's combed or carded. In the preferred embodiment, the weft yarn is a blend of cotton and eucalyptus fiber yarn (75:25) with a count of Ne40's and TM of 4.3.
Warp and weft yarns are prepared according to standard procedures. However, during combing only 8-24% of the noil is removed. Typically 8 %, 10%, 12%, 14%, or 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 24% of the noil is removed. The TM for warp yarn and weft yarn is from 2.8 to 4.5 Z twist. The warp and weft yarn may be dyed. The dyed or grey warp/weft yarns are sent to warping and to weaving.

Normally when the Warp yarn is in single the yarn is sized to impart additional strength to the yarn to withstand the stresses and strains of weaving.
Weaving of Warp, and Weft Yarns:
Warp and weft yarns are woven together under normal conditions. The sheet fabric can be made on 54, 56, 60, 70, 72 reeds, with 4 to 5 ends in a dent. In the preferred embodiment, the reed is 54. The picks/cm, range from 14 to 85, in the preferred embodiment the pick/cm is 28.34.
The sheet weave can be satin, sateen, twill, plain (percale) etc., preferably, the weave is Sateen.
Desizing. Bleaching and dyeing of fabric:
After the weaving is completed, the fabric roll is desized, bleached and dyed in the normal fashion in a fabric dyeing machine. While scouring, bleaching and dyeing, the operating temperature range from 9 5CC to 120 °C. In the preferred embodiment, the temperature is 120°C.
The liquor ratio is a ratio of the material (weight) to water (volume). The liquor ratio should be sufficient to facilitate free movement of the fabric. Typically the liquor ratio ranges from 1:5 to 1:30. In the preferred embodiment the liquor ratio is 1:10,
The material is typically converged into the shape of a rope prior to entering the fabric-dyeing machine. A continual overflow of water is also desired.
A rinsing step also ensures that any loose fibers drain out along with the drain water.
Drying and straightening the sheets:
After unloading the material from the washing and rinsing vessel, the material is hydro-extracted in a Hydro-extractor in the standard manner to reduce the moisture from 200% to 60%. A rope is passed through rope opener, which is equipped with drum beaters both at feed and delivery ends, to straighten the twist in the rope. Then the material is passed two times through a hot air dryer (e.g. Alea), the first drying is carried out at 120 °C. The

second drying occurs at a lower temperature, such as 150 °C for 4 to 5 minutes. The fill! width fabric is then passed through hot air stenter and a weft straightener to straighten the fabric and return it to its proper dimensions. Alternatively the drying after rope opening can be in a tumble drier where the fabric is dried in hot air along with tumbling for getting softness and bulk in the sheet.
Alternatively the desizing, bleaching and dyeing can be performed on the continuous dyeing range, where all the above operations are carried out continuously.
In another embodiment, the invention provides tufted fabrics manufactured by use of tufting yarn for loop containing cotton, eucalyptus fibers in different proportions and combinations that can be used to form soft tufted rugs and similar fabrics which has the properties of high absorbency, anti-bacterial, quick drying for use as rugs, carpets, floor coverings etc.
In further embodiment, the invention provides for a process for manufacture of tufted fabric as detailed below.
Rugs are formed from loop pile yarn for tufting on the canvas or woven fabric, viz., HDPE, PP woven fabrics.
The tufting is carried out on automatic tufting machines or on table tufting machines. Machine as used for production of rugs of instant invention, is selected from All Loop (ALP) Machine, Multi Loop Cut Level (MLCL) Machine or All Cut Pile Machine (ACP)
An All Loop (ALP) Machine having gauge of 3/16 inch or 3/8 inch, resulting in production of linear loops, with capability to have loop densities in range of 16 to 80 per sq. inch and capable of introducing pile heights of 3mm to 34 mm, can be employed for manufacturing the rug of invention. The creel capacity of the said machine is 1728 cheeses.
A Multi Loop Cut Level (MLCL) Machine having gauge of 1/8 inch, resulting in production of linear loops, with capability to have loop densities in range of 20 to 80 per

sq. inch and loop height of 3 to 20mm and cut pile height of 4 to 22 mm, can be employed for manufacturing the rug of invention. The creel capacity of the said machine is 2592 cheeses.
All Cut Pile Machine (ACP) having 1/8" gauge, capable of introducing pile height from 3mm to 34mm, with possible pile density of 20 to96 per sq. inch can be employed for manufacturing the rug of invention. The creel capacity of said machine is 2592 cheeses.
All Cut Pile Machine (ACP) having 3/16 inch gauge, capable of introducing pile height from 3 to 34 mm and density of 18 to 88 per sq. inch can be employed for manufacturing the rug of invention. The creel capacity of said machine is 1728 cheeses.
Table-tufting Machine, having a gauge of 3/16 inch, which is capable of introducing pile height of 3mm to 30 mm and a pile density of 18 to 53 per sq. inch, can be employed for manufacturing the rug of invention. The creel capacity of said machine is 8 cheeses. In case of table tufting, the tufting is done on the pre-stitched (piped) backing of the requisite size,
Yarn manufacturing process:
BLOW ROOM :Cotton MCU 5 is processed through regular blow room, (This Indian cotton has a characteristics of 2.5% span length of 30 mm, micron ire of 3.8,strength of 28 gms/tex, short fiber index of 2.5) cotton from Indian origin, Egyptian, American Pima, Australian or of any other origin with properties ranging from 25-34 mm, 2.5% span length,3.5-4.5 micron ire, 20-34 gms/tex, 2.0-5.5 short fiber index can be used.
CARD: through the carding machine, with a Hank (Weight / unit length) of 0.100 (Range 0.105 to 0.120).
Card slivers are passed through Breaker Drawing, 6 ends up (8 ends up can also be possible) Drg hank 0.080(Range 0.050 to 0.130).
Blow room for Eucalyptus: Eucalyptus fibers of 1.5 denier (1.67 Dtex), 38 mm, were processed through short process synthetic blow room process, Carding through synthetic

card with a out put hank of 0.110 Card slivers are passed through Breaker Drawing, 6 ends up( 8 ends up can also be possible) Drg hank 0.080( Range 0.050 to 0.130).
DRAW FRAME: In the Finisher Drawing both the Cotton Carded slier ,and eucalyptus Sliver are blended ( 4 ends of cotton and 2 ends of eucalyptus to give 75:25 blend)and drawn to produce a hank of 0.080
SPEED FRAME: The Sliver is attenuated and twisted and wound on to bobbins to produce Roving of 0.45 hanks (range 0.30 to 3.0) with a TP1 (twist per inch) of 0.9 (range 0.7-1.55)
RING FRAME: The count spun was NE (Number English, number of 840 yards hank in one lb) 6's, (Range of count from 5's to 30's) with a TPI of 8.99(Twist multiplier of 3.8,) (range of TM 2.8 -4.5).
AUTO CONE: Ring yarn was wound in to a large package of 2.5 kgs on paper cones. '
The yam can also be made on open end spinning machines, where direct sliver of finisher drawing is fed on to the machine. The count range possible is from Ne 2's to Ne 30's.
Production of the Loop yarn:
A pile loop yarn for tufting that contains cotton and Eucalyptus fibers, for making and using such a yarn in the rugs and related fabrics is described herein. In the preferred embodiment, the tufting loop yarn is of single yarn NE.l/6's (Cotton 75% Eucalyptus 25%), plied in to 4 ply yarn i.e. 4/6's, with a resultant count of Ne. 1.5 tufted on a Polypropylene base fabric, for making tufted rug fabric.
Production of the Tufted Fabric:
A Multi Loop Cut Level (MLCL) Machine having gauge of 1/8 inch, resulting in production of linear loops, tuft length of 30mm, was considered for manufacturing the rug of invention. The creel capacity of the said machine is 2592 cheeses.
Latex coating:

Second stage is coating, wherein, the tufted roll, from tufting step, are loaded on to the Latex coating machine, where the coating is a continuous operation. The supply of mixture of foam latex, accelerator and gel is through automated system. The thickness of the coat and controlling of the GSM is done through microprocessor based programs. The embossing of the latex backing to introduce anti-skid property and baking and drying of latex are carried out by system itself. In the current embodiment the coat given was Lick Coat, with coating GSM of 300, at a machine speed of 5 meters/min. The latex used is 100% synthetic latex Vita, with out any additions.
Cutting and Stitching:
Third stage is cutting wherein; cutting of the tufted and coated rug fabric is carried out on
the automatic infra red guided cutting machine to the requisite size as per the
specifications.
The cut and coated rugs are further stitched on four sides on stitching machines with folders for guiding the piping cloth, or all the four sides are over locked with the pile yarn instead of piping cloth.
Desizing, Bleaching and dyeing of fabric:
After the Stitching is complete, the rugs are washed, scoured, bleached and dyed in the normal fashion in a Piece dyeing machine, such as EZM machine. While scouring, bleaching and dyeing, the operating temperature 60°C- 70°C is maintained.
The liquor ratio is a ratio of the material (weight) to water (volume) The liquor ratio should be sufficient to facilitate free movement of the fabric. Typically the liquor ratio ranges from 1:5 to 1:30. In the preferred embodiment the liquor ratio is 1:12. A continual overflow of water is also desired.
The rugs are first kept wetting after bleaching and scouring, for 10 min. at 70°C and at 60°C for leveling for 5 minutes. The dyeing is carried out for 3-5 hours at 60°after adding dyes, salt and soda, maintaining a pH of 7. After dyeing is complete the liquor is drained and in the end softener is added with fresh water at 55°C for 10 minutes with a pH of 5.5. Drained and rinsed before unloading from the dyeing machine.

Drying of the Rugs:
After unloading the material from the dyeing vessel, the material is hydro-extracted in a Hydro-extractor in the standard manner to reduce the moisture from 200% to 60%. Then the material is loaded in to Triventa Tumble drying machine, and the rugs are dried at 85°C for about 90 to 100 minutes. The tumbling ensures softness and bulk in the rug. The rugs are unloaded from the drier and loaded in trolleys and sent to Intermediate storage (IMS) from where it is issued to finishing area.
Finishing of the Rugs:
The rugs as per batch are issued by IMS to the finishing. Here the carvers cut the protruding loops etc from the face and all the four sides of the rug and send to checking area where the checkers sort out the defective pieces and the passed pieces are sent to poly bag packing.
The rugs after poly packing pass through metal detectors and then are packed in to cartons as specified.
Examples: Example 1:
Pile Yarn Manufacturing Parameters
In the preferred embodiment the pile yarn is a single yarn of Cotton and Eucalyptus
(50:50).
1.COTTON + EUCALYPTUS (50% + 50%)
BLOW ROOM :Cotton MCU 5 is processed through regular blow room, (This Indian
cotton has a characteristics of 2.5% span length of 30 mm ,micron ire of 3.8,strength of
28 gms/tex, short fiber index of 2.5 ) cotton from Indian origin, Egyptian, American
Pima, Australian or of any other origin with properties ranging from 25-34 mm ,2.5%
span Iength,3.5 4.5 micron ire, 20-34 gms/tex,2.0-5.5 short fiber index can be used.
CARD: through the carding machine, with a Hank (Weight / unit length) of 0.110 (Range 0.105 to 0.120).

Card slivers are passed through Breaker Drawing, 6 ends up (8 ends up can also be possible) Drg hank 0.110(Range 0.105 to 0.120).
Unilap machine, with 24 ends up and a lap weight of 75 gm/meter, processed through combing machine to get a Sliver hank of 0.110 ( Range 0.105 to 0.120), after removing a NOIL of 18% ( noil is the short fibers removed in the combing process ranging from 8% to 24%).
Blow room for Bamboo: Bamboo fibers of 1.5 denier (1.67 Dtex), 38 mm, were processed through short process synthetic blow room process, Carding through synthetic card with a out put hank of 0.110 Card slivers are passed through Breaker Drawing,
6 ends up( 8 ends up can also be possible) Drg hank 0.110 (Range 0.105 to 0.120).
DRAW FRAME (BLENDING OF COTTON & EUCALYPTUS IN DRAW FRAMEAS PER REQUIREMENT) In the Finisher Drawing both the Cotton Carded slier ,and eucalyptus Sliver are blended ( 3 ends up each to give 50:50 blend)and drawn to produce a hank of 0.110.
SPEED FRAME: The Sliver is attenuated and twisted and wound on to bobbins to produce Roving of 0.6 hanks (range 0.5 to 2.4) with a TPI (twist per inch) of 1.1 (range 0.9-1.55).
RING FRAME: The count spun was NE (Number English, number of 840 yards hank in one lb) 13's, (Range of count from 6's to 50's) with a TPI of 13.7 (Twist multiplier of 3.8,4.2 respectively) ( range of TM 2.8 -4.5).
AUTO CONE: Ring yarn was wound in to a large package of 2.5 kgs on paper cones.
Table no. 2
. The properties of the 13's Cotton EUCALYPTUS (50:50) yarn is as under:
Average count : 12.91
Average lea strength lbs : 180.3

CSP (Count Strength product) : 2328
Count CV% : 1.3.2
Strength CV% : 4.65
Average TPI : 13.7
Average U% (percent mean deviation): 8.5
Thin places/Km (-50%) : 0.0
Thick places/Km (+50%) : 5.5
Neps/Km (+200%) : 15.0
Total imperfection/km : 20.5
Hairiness Index : 8.5
Average breaking force (Gms) : 695.8
Average RKm (Nm/kgf) : 14.76
Rkm CV% : 6.54
Elongation at break % : 6.3
Elongation CV% : 4.5
The properties for the towels formed using the pile yarn described above ar provided in Tables 3-5.



The properties of the fabric when it is removed from the loom, i.e. the grey, towel, are listed in Table 4.

The properties of the finished soft terry towel are listed below in Table 4.



Desizing, Scouring, Bleaching and Dyeing Processes:
The towels are processed in the dyeing house in rope form. The desizing, scouring and bleaching can be either in a continuous bleaching range or a eco-soft dyeing machine. The desizing is with 0.43 Grams/liter (GPL) of desizing agent with 1:7 liquor ratios. In either case the bleaching is with Hydrogen Peroxide with a liquor ratio of 1:7 and vessel capacity of 50 kgs (1:15, 1:20, 1:30 can also be considered depending on the capacity of vessel). The bleaching is for duration of 30 minutes at 100°C.
After bleaching an Alkali boil with Caustic lye of 48% strength, 5.25gms/lit and 1:8 liquor ratio is given for a period of 20 minutes at 100°C.
This is followed by scouring with 0.44 gms/lit of Emc[ean-CP; 1.25gms/lit of Miratol-Wa, Caustic Soda Lye 48% - 5.25 gms/lit and Hydrogen Peroxide -2.15gms/lit,Tinoclorite GI 0.042gms/lit as stabilizer, for a period of 30 minutes at 100°C. A hot wash with Sodium Hexmeta Phosphate - 1 .75 gms /lit is given for a period of 10 minutes at 100°C. Peroxide killer Em-Ore - 04 gms /lit is used for 20 minutes at 100°C followed by neutralization in Green Acid 1.3gpl.
The dyeing is carried out in the eco-soft machine with following dyes and chemicals for 2 hours at 60°C. to get a shade of Brilliant Blue
a) DifixBlueFF : 3.7%
b) Ciba Yellow Fn2r (Cibacron) : 0.013%
c) Ciba Red (Fn2bl (Cibacron) : 0.308%
d) Sodium Sulfate : 70gpl

e) Soda Ash Light : 20gpl
After dyeing the bath is neutralized with Green Acid - 0.438 gpl at 60°C for 10 minutes.
This is followed by soaping with Miranon Ama - 0.88 gms/lit and Sodium Hexameta Phosphate - 1.75 gms/lit for 10 minutes at 60°C and further.neutralized by treating with Green acid 0.48 gpl followed by softener treatment with Turbulant 86 - 1.75% and Accentl 1086-1.75% for 10 minutes.
Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the following claims.
Example 2:
Warp Yarn Manufacturing Parameters
In the preferred embodiment the Warp yarn is a single yarn of Cotton and Eucalyptus (
75:25)
1 .COTTON + EUCALYPTUS (75% + 25%)
BLOW ROOM ;Cotton MCU 5 is processed through regular blow room, (This Indian cotton has a characteristics of 2.5% span length of 30 mm ,micron ire of 3.8,strength of 28 gms/tex, short fiber index of 2.5 ) cotton from Indian origin, Egyptian, American Pima, Australian or of any other origin with properties ranging from 25-34 mm ,2.5% span length,3.5 4.5 micron ire, 20-34 gms/tex,2.0-5.5 short fiber index can be used.
CARD: through the carding machine, with a Hank (Weight / unit length)of 0.110 ( Range
0.105 to 0.120).
Card slivers are passed through Breaker Drawing, 6 ends up (8 ends up can also be
possible) Drg hank 0.120(Range 0.105 to 0.130).
Unilap machine ,with 24 ends up and a lap weight of 75 gm/meter, processed through
combing machine to get a Sliver hank of 0.120 ( Range 0.105 to 0.130 ), after removing a
NOIL of 20% ( noil is the short fibers removed in the combing process ranging from 8%
to 24%).

Blow room for Eucalyptus : Eucalyptus fibers of 1.5 denier ( 1.67 Dtex), 38 mm, were processed through short process synthetic blow room process, Carding through synthetic card with a out put hank of 0.110 Card slivers are passed through Breaker Drawing ,6 ends up( 8 ends up can also be possible) Drg hank 0.120( Range 0.105 to 0.130). DRAW FRAME ( BLENDING OF COTTON & EUCALYPTUS IN DRAW FRAMEAS PER REQUIREMENT) In the Finisher Drawing both the Cotton Carded slier ,and eucalyptus Sliver are blended (4 ends of cotton and 2 ends of eucalyptus to give 75:25 blend) and drawn to produce a hank of 0.120.
SPEED FRAME: The Sliver is attenuated and twisted and wound on to bobbins to produce Roving of 1.0 hank (range 0.5 to 3.0) with a TPI (twist per inch) of 1.2 (range .9-1.55).
RING FRAME: The count spun was NE (Number English, number of 840 yards hank in one lb) 40's, (Range of count from 20's to 120's) with a TPI of 27.2(Twist multiplier of 4.3,) (range of TM 2.8 -4.5).
AUTO CONE: Ring yarn was wound in to a large package of 2.5 kgs on paper cones. Table no.6
The properties of the 1/40's Cotton EUCALYPTUS (75:25) yarn is as under:
Average count : 39.98
Average lea strength lbs : 56.0
CSP (Count Strength product) : 2238
Count CV% : 1.44
Strength CV% : 4.97
Average TPI : 27.3
Average U% (percent mean deviation) : 10.18

Thin places/Km (-50%) : 2.5
Thick places/Km (+50%) : 32.3
Neps/Km (+200%) : 73.8
Total imperfection/km ; 108.6
Hairiness Index : 4.3
Average breaking force (Gms) : 196.8
Average RKm (Nm/kgf) : 13.72
RkmCV% : 8.7
Elongation at break % : 4.01
Elongation CV% : 11.77
The properties for the towels formed using the pile yarn described above are provided in Tables 7-8.


The properties of the fabric when it is removed from the loom, i.e. the grey towel, are listed in Table 8.

Desizing, Scouring, Bleaching and Dyeing Processes:
The sheet is processed in the dyeing house in rope form. The desizing, scouring and bleaching can be either in a continuous bleaching range or a soft flow dyeing machine. The desizing is with 0.43 Grams/liter (GPL) of desizing agent with 1:7 liquor ratios. In either case the bleaching is with Hydrogen Peroxide with a liquor ratio of 1:7. The vessel capacity of soft flow dyeing is 50 kgs (1:15, 1:20, 1:30 can also be considered depending on the capacity of vessel). The bleaching is for duration of 30 minutes at 100°C.
After bleaching, an Alkali boil is given with Caustic lye of 48% strength, 5.25gms/lit and a liquor ratio of 1:8 for a period of 20 minutes at 100°C.
This is followed by scouring, with 0,44 gms/Iit of Emclean -CP, 1.25gms/lit of Miratol-Wa, Caustic Soda Lye 48% - 5.25 gms/lit and Hydrogen Peroxide -2.15gms/lit,Tinoclorite GI 0.042gms/Iit as stabilizer, for a period of 30 minutes at 100°C. A hot wash with Sodium Hexmeta Phosphate - 1.75 gms /lit is given for a period of 10 minutes at 100°C. Peroxide killer Em-Ore - 04 gms /lit is used for 20 minutes at 100°C followed by neutralization in Green Acid 1.3 Gpl,.
The dyeing is carried out in the eco-soft machine with following dyes and chemicals for 2 hours at 600C. To get a shade of Brilliant Blue.

a) Difix Blue FF : 3.7%
b) Ciba Yellow Fn2r (Cibacron) : 0.013%
c) Ciba Red (Fn2bl (Cibacron) : 0.308%
d) Sodium Sulfate : 70gpl
e) Soda Ash Light : 20gpl
After dyeing the bath is neutralized with Green Acid - 0.438 gpl at 60°C for 10 minutes.
This is followed by soaping with Miranon Ama - 0.88 gms/lit and Sodium Hexameta Phosphate - 1.75 gms/lit for 10 minutes at 60°C and further neutralized by treating with Green acid 0.48 gpl followed by softener treatment with Turbulant 86 - 1.75% and Accentl 1086-1.75% for 10 minutes.
Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the following claims.
Example 3:
Loop Yarn Manufacturing Parameters
In the preferred embodiment the loop yarn is a cabled yarn of single yarn of Cotton and
Eucalyptus (75:25)
l.COTTON + EUCALYPTUS (75% + 25%)
BLOW ROOM :Cotton MCU 5 is processed through regular blow room, (This Indian cotton has a characteristics of 2.5% span length of 30 mm ,micron ire of 3.8,strength of 28 gms/tex, short fiber index of 2.5 ) cotton from Indian origin, Egyptian, American Pima, Australian or of any other origin with properties ranging from 25-34 mm ,2.5% span length,3.5 4.5 micron ire, 20-34 gms/tex,2.0-5.5 short fiber index can be used.

CARD; through the carding machine, with a Hank (Weight / unit length) of 0.100 (Range 0.105 to 0.120)
Card slivers are passed through Breaker Drawing, 6 ends up (8 ends up can also be possible) Drg hank 0.080(Range 0.050 to 0.130)
Blow room for Eucalyptus ; Eucalyptus fibers of 1.5 denier ( 1.67 Dtex) ,38 mm ,were processed through short process synthetic blow room process, Carding through synthetic card with a out put hank of 0.110 Card slivers are passed through Breaker Drawing ,6 ends up( 8 ends up can also be possible) Drg hank 0.080( Range 0.050 to 0.120 )
DRAW FRAME ( BLENDING OF COTTON & EUCALYPTUS IN DRAW FRAME AS PER REQUIREMENT) In the Finisher Drawing both the Cotton Carded slier ,and eucalyptus Sliver are blended ( 4 ends of cotton and 2 ends of eucalyptus to give 75:25 blend)and drawn to produce a hank of 0.080.
SPEED FRAME: The Sliver is attenuated and twisted and wound on to bobbins to produce Roving of 0.45 hanks (range 0.30 to 3.0) with a TPI (twist per inch) of 0.9 (range 0.7-1.55).
RING FRAME: The count spun was NE (Number English, number of 840 yards hank in one lb) 6's, (Range of count from 5's to 30's) with a TPI of 8.99(Twist multiplier of 3.8,) (range of TM 2.8 -4.5).
AUTO CONE: Ring yarn was wound in to a large package of 2.5 kgs on paper cones.
The yarn can also be made on open end spinning machines, where direct sliver of finisher drawing is fed on to the machine. The count range possible is from Ne 2's to Ne 30's.
Twisting for 4 ply yarn:
Twisting is carried out on the Two for One twister. Four yarns of Ne. 6's are assembled on the parallel winding machine or the assembly winder on to a cheese.

This cheese is then mounted in the TFO and twisting is carried out. The twist direction will be "S". The twist imparted is 3.5 twists per inch. The twisted yarn is wound on to cheeses/cones for use on tufting machine.
Table No.9
The properties of the 1/6's Cotton EUCALYPTUS (75:25) yarn is as under



The specification for the Rugs formed using the pile yarn described above is provided in Table 10.




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Scouring, Bleaching and Dyeing Processes.
The rugs are processed in the piece dyeing. The scouring and bleaching is carried out in
the dyeing machine itself. The bleaching is with Hydrogen Peroxide with a liquor ratio ol
1:7. The vessel capacity of dyeing is 50 kgs (1:15, 1:20, 1:30 can also be considered
depending on the capacity of vessel). The bleaching is for duration of 30 minutes al
100°C.
After bleaching, an Alkali boil is given with Caustic lye of 48% strength, 5.25gms/lit anc a liquor ratio of 1:8 for a period of 30 minutes at 100°C.

This is followed by scouring, with 0.44 gms/lit of Emclean -CP, 1.25gms/lit of Miratol-Wa, Caustic Soda Lye 48% - 5.25 gms/lit and Hydrogen Peroxide -2.15gms/lit,Tinoclorite GI 0.042gms/lit as stabilizer, for a period of 30 minutes at 100°C. A hot wash with Sodium Hexmeta Phosphate - 1.75 gms /lit is given for a period of 10 minutes at 100°C. Peroxide killer Em-Ore - 04 gms /lit is used for 30 minutes at 100°C followed by neutralization in Green Acid 1.3 Gpl.
The dyeing is carried out in the dyeing machine with following dyes and chemicals for 3 hours at 60°C after wetting at 70°C for 10 minutes and leveling at 60°C for 5 minutes to get a shade of Dune.
a) Ciba yellow FN2R : 3.7%
b) Cibacron Blue CD (Cibacron) : 0.013%
c) Ciba Red (FN3GL (Cibacron) : 0.308%
d) Sodium Sulfate : 70gpl
e) Soda Ash Light : 20gpl
After dyeing the bath is neutralized with Green Acid - 0.438 gpl at 60°C for 10 minutes.
This is followed by soaping with Miranon Ama - 0.88 gms/lit and Sodium Hexameta Phosphate - 1.75 gms/lit for 10 minutes at 60°C and further neutralized by treating with Green acid 0.48 gpl followed by softener treatment with Turbulant 86 - 1.75% and Accentl 1086 - 1.75% for 10 minutes.
Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the following claims.

We Claim:
1. A fabric comprising eucalyptus yarns characterized in that, the yarn comprises eucalyptus fiber component from 5% - 100% and/or another fiber component, wherein, the said fabric is looped or tufted or flat fabric having enhanced softness, absorbency, quick drying, anti-bacterial and anti-microbial properties.
2. The fabric as claimed in claim 1, wherein the other fiber component can be selected from cotton, linen, silk, wool, viscose, bamboo, polyester, nylon, polypropylene or the like.
3. The fabric as claimed in claim 1, wherein looped fabric comprises a terry fabric, towels of all sizes, wash cloth, hand towel, bath towel, bath sheet, bath mat, baby hood, medicinal towels, institutional towels, pleasure fabrics and any similar articles.
4. The fabric as claimed in claim 3, wherein terry fabric is a set of longitudinal warp yarn for forming loops in the terry fabric, the ground warp and weft in terry fabric are yarns in the longitudinal and transverse yarn used by interlacing each other to form the ground fabric.
5. The fabric as claimed in claim 3, wherein pile warp has a count ranging from Ne 1/6's to 1/50's, ends per cm range from 21 to 34, picks are in range of 10 to 28, loop length is in range of 0.5 to 17 cm, pile height is in range of 0.25 to 8.5 cm and GSM is in range of 200 to 1700.
6. The fabric as claimed in claim 5, wherein the pile warp has a singled or doubled configuration.
7. The fabric as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tufted loop fabric comprises rugs of tuft on one or both sides, uncut loops and cut loops, rugs, carpets, doormats, tub mats, bed room mats, indoor play room carpets and similar articles.

8. The fabric as claimed in claim 7, wherein the tufted loop yarn in the rugs/carpets is the yarn used to tuft the rug/carpet.
9. The fabric as claimed in claim 7, wherein rug has loop count is in range of 2's to 20's, loop height is in range of 3mm to 34mm, loop density in range of 18 to 96 per square inch and GSM is in range of 1000 to 3 000.
10. The fabric as claimed in claim 7, wherein rug is non-cut loop or cut-loop, with or without latex backing.
11. The fabric as claimed in claim 7, wherein loop yarn is grey, bright white, dope dyed, and/or yarn dyed.
12. The fabric as claimed in claim 7, wherein rug has single or plied configuration 2/2's, 3/2's or 4/2's.
13. The fabric as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flat fabric comprises bed sheets, sheeting fabrics, duvets, shams, quilt fabrics, pillow case fabrics and other similar fabrics.
14. The fabric as claimed in claim 13, wherein the flat fabric has thread count in range of 48 to 1600, ends per cm is in range of 8 to 110, picks per cm is in range of 5 to 72.
15. The fabric as claimed in claim 13, wherein flat fabric has construction in satin, sateen, twill, plain or any similar construction.
16. The fabric as claimed in claim 13, wherein flat fabric is yarn dyed, plain dyed or printed.
17. The fabric as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process for manufacturing of said eucalyptus yarn consisting of 50:50 blend of cotton and eucalyptus fiber is. as depicted in Fig. 1

18. The fabric as claimed in claim 3, wherein the process for manufacturing of said terry fabric is as depicted in Fig. 2.
19. The fabric as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process for manufacturing of eucalyptus yarn consisting of 75:25 blend of cotton and eucalyptus fiber in 4 ply is as depicted in fig. 3.
20. The fabric as claimed in claim 7, wherein the process for manufacturing of tufted fabric is as depicted in fig. 4 and 5.
21. The fabric as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process for manufacturing of eucalyptus yarn consisting of 75:25 blend of cotton and eucalyptus fiber, is as depicted in Fig. 6.
22. The fabric as claimed in claim 13, wherein the process for manufacturing of flat fabric is as depicted in Fig. 7.