FIELD OF THE INVENTION
00001. The present invention relates to a novel pervious concrete systems,
which is comprised of tiny spherical aggregates made up of fly ash, inorganic or
organic binder, cementitious material sand and water.
Further, the present invention also provides a methodology for preparing such pervious concrete system.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
2. In the Present era, previous (or) Porous concrete has become the most demanding to face challenges like storm water management, ground water recharging etc. A previous porous concrete is fabricated using fly ash as the base material alongwith various organic and synthetic binders. During the process, fly ash is mixed with binder and water is added to it impregnated with certain admixture to form a stable pervious medium for storm water management and ground water recharging.
3. For construction purpose, the concrete is used in building and other landscapes. These concretes are generally non-previous (or) impervious in nature. The small gaps present in the concrete represents the permeability index of that particular concrete. Due to this parameter, water seepage in the walls, floor etc is observed. These materials somehow regulates the temperature gradient of the buildup material. In contrary, the present concrete system has intense pores to regulate the entry of fair, water, slurry dust (or) any related materials to enter inside the pores.
4. Hence, there is a need to provide an innovative pervious concrete system which shall be porous to supply of air, water and slurry dust.

00005. The present embodiments disclosed hereinafter involves a previous
concrete system which is comprised of tiny spherical aggregates made up of fly
ash, binder may be organic inorganic, synthetic etc. cementitious material and
water for hydration, where in the aggregates are made up of fly ash, a fine powder
material generated from the power plant.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
00006. It is therefore the primary object of the present invention is to provide
a pervious concrete system, which can be made from sintered fly ash aggregate.
7. Another object of the present invention is to provide a pervious concrete system, which provides higher compressive strength and water permeability by mixing of appropriate admixture and cementitious materials.
8. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a pervious concrete system, wherein with increase of aggregate size, the compressive strength of non-fine concrete decreases with the increase in permeability co¬efficient.
9. Further object of the present invention is to provide a pervious concrete system, where due to use of silica fume and super plasticizer, the strength of the concrete has increased.
10. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing pervious concrete system, which is environment friendly and economic.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
000011. One or more drawbacks of conventional systems for pervious concrete
are overcome, and additional advantages are provided through the method as
claimed in the present disclosure. Additional features and advantages are
realized through the technicalities of the present disclosure. Other embodiments
and aspects of the disclosure are described in details herein and are considered
to be part of the claimed disclosure.

000012. The present invention provides a novel pervious concrete systems
comprises :
i) Aggregates such as Fly ash : 1262.79 kg/m3;
ii) Cement mixture : 434.88 kg/m3;
iii) Super Plasticizer : (carboxylic ether such as Glenium-110P,
BASF) with specific gravity of 1.1g/cm3
at 20°C in liquid form – 30.44kg/m3;
iv) Admixture : such as Silica Fume – 43.48 kg/m3;
v) Water to Cement ratio : 0.3-0.4 (130.46 kg/m3).
000013. Various objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the inventive
subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description
of preferred embodiments, alongwith the accompanying drawing figures.
000014. It is to be understood that the aspects and embodiments of the
disclosure described above may be used in any combination with each other.
Several of the aspects and embodiments may be combined to form a further
embodiment of the disclosure.
000015. The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in
any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and
features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will
become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed
description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
000016. The illustrated embodiments of the subject matter will be best
understood by reference to the drawings, wherein like parts are designated by
like numerals throughout. The following description is intended only by way of
example, and simply illustrates certain selected embodiments of devices,
systems, and processes that are consistent with the subject matter as claimed
herein, wherein:

17. Figure 1 illustrates, depicts a rectangular shaped embodiment of a pervious concrete block
18. Figure 1A illustrates, depicts the front view of the rectangular shaped embodiment of a pervious concrete block.
19. Figure 1B illustrates, depicts the left view of the rectangular shaped embodiment of a pervious concrete block.
20. Figure 1C illustrates, depicts the top view of the rectangular shaped embodiment of a pervious concrete block.
21. Figure 1D illustrates, depicts the Isometric view of the rectangular shaped embodiment of a pervious concrete block.
22. Figure 2 illustrates, depicts a square shape embodiment of a pervious concrete block.
23. Figure 2A illustrates front view of square shape embodiment of a previous concrete block.
24. Figure 2B illustrates left view of square shape embodiment of a previous concrete block.
25. Figure 2C illustrates top view of square shape embodiment of a previous concrete block.
26. Figure 2D illustrates isometric view of square shape embodiment of a previous concrete block.
27. Figure 3 illustrates concrete samples used in the research.
28. Figure 3A illustrates pervious Concrete mixture at different water cement ratio.
29. Figure 4 illustrates the entire process of formation of sintered fly ash aggregate.
30. The figures depict embodiments of the disclosure for purposes of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the methods illustrated herein may

be employed without departing from the principles of the disclosure described herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
000031. While the embodiments of the disclosure are subject to various
modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiment thereof have been
shown by way the figures and will be described below. It should be understood,
however, that it is not intended to limit the disclosure to the particular forms
disclosed, but on the contrary, the disclosure is to cover all modifications,
equivalents and alternative falling within the scope of the disclosure.
32. It is to be noted that a person skilled in the art would be motivated from the present disclosure to arrive at a novel pervious concrete systems and a methodology of preparing the same. Such a method may vary based on configuration of one or more workpieces. However, such modifications should be construed within the scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, the drawings illustrate only those specific details that are pertinent to understand the embodiments of the present disclosure, so as not to obscure the disclosure with details that will be clear to those of ordinary skill in the art having benefit of the description herein.
33. As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “a”, “an”, and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
34. The terms “comprises”, “comprising”, or any other variations thereof used in the disclosure, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a method, concrete, cement, plasticizer aggregate, coarse, admixture that comprises a list of components does not include only those components but may include other components not expressly listed or inherent to such method, or

assembly, or device. In other words, one or more elements in a system or device proceeded by “comprises…..a “does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other elements or additional elements in the system, apparatus or device.
000035. The present invention relates to a novel pervious concrete systems,
which is comprised of tiny spherical aggregates made up of fly ash, inorganic or
organic binder, cementitious material sand and water.
36. The pervious concrete can be of different shapes i.e. spherical cube or rectangular, beam or cylinder.
37. Figure 1 illustrates the rectangular shaped embodiment of a pervious concrete block.
38. Figure 2 illustrates the square shape embodiment of a pervious concrete block, where fig 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D depicts the front, left, top and isometric view of the concrete block.
39. The pervious concrete system comprised of industrial waste material, which are mostly released from power plants.
40. The industrial waste material is very fine in size and termed as fly ash. As the previous system is porous, it may contoured that allows (or) promote the draining of water through this medium. The aggregates may be associated with gravest, soil, sand, clay, (or) any other suitable material for water percolation. The pervious concrete is engineered so that liquid can pass through the pervious concrete system in order to achieve the property of water hydration. These materials can be fabricated on the basis of layer on layer basis, so that it can avoid the blockage. Pervious layers consists of aggregate, fibre material, fine aggregate, hydration stabilizer, water of hydration and cement. These aggregates are made up of fly ash. In this process, these waste materials released from power plant can be processed and utilized. The average particle size of these aggregates are in the range of 4 mm to 8 mm (or) 8 mm to 16 mm. The pervious parameters are directly proportional to the void area present in it. Depending on the void

volume the ratio between void to pervious surface varies in the range of 15% to 50%. The shapes are also another parameter to correlate the void volume. In many of the pervious concrete of one square feet may allow 10 litres of water in one minute.
000041. The detailed compositional features of the pervious concrete is given
below :
i) Aggregates such as Fly ash : 1262.79 kg/m3;
ii) Cement mixture : 434.88 kg/m3;
iii) Super Plasticizer : (carboxylic ether such as Glenium-110P,
BASF) with specific gravity of 1.1g/cm3
at 20°C in liquid form – 30.44kg/m3;
iv) Admixture : such as Silica Fume – 43.48 kg/m3;
v) Water to Cement ratio : 0.3-0.4 (130.46 kg/m3).
000042. In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention,
there is provided a method for preparing the pervious concrete. The method
comprises the steps of :
i) mixing of all ingredients such as cement, sintered fly ash aggregate with sand, water and admixture within a pan mixer of 200 litre capacity for about 3 minutes at room temperature (i.e. a 30°C) at pH of 10.2;
ii) addition of admixture (such as 10% silica fume and 7% polycarboxylic ether) to the dry materials with mixing for another 4 minutes;
iii) casting of fresh concrete into mould of different dimension;
iv) compaction of each layer by using rodding bar alongwith vibration for 1-2 minutes on a vibrating table;
v) demoulding of the samples after 24 hours and subjected to curing in 100% relative humidity.

43. Figure 1 illustrates cube shaped mould, which are allowed for compressive strength tests, beam shaped mould is test for flexural strength and cylinder shaped mould is tested for splitting tensile strength and water permeability test.
44. The curing of pervious concrete samples followed ASTM C 19269. The samples were removed from their moulds and cured in a water tank at an age of 1 day,7days,14 days,21 days and 28 days respectively.

45. Figure 3 illustrates about concrete samples used in the process.
46. Table 1 provides different type of aggregates used in the methodology.

000047. For preparing the pervious concrete, fly ash aggregate has been
considered as an important building block. Fly ash aggregate can be
manufactured by two methods such as i) cold bonding method and ii) down-draft
sintering method.
Preparation Of Fly Ash Aggregate By Cold Bonding Method
000048. i) preparing of pellet by mixing all the ingredients in a disc pelletizer
having a disc diameter of 500 mm and depth of 250 mm, where water is added
to the mix by adoption the water binder ratio;
ii) thorough mixing of the contents for complete formation of fly ash aggregates;

iii) drying of fly ash aggregates and for a day and curing of the aggregates in a water tank for 7 days, 3 days and 7days respectively.
49. The angle of the pelletizer disk can be adjusted between 45° - 50° with a speed of 55 rpm.
50. In this method around six verities of cold bonded fly ash aggregates are produced by using different organic binder.
Production of Fly ash aggregate by down-draft sintering method
000051. Once the aggregate is formed in disc pelletizer, it is collected in tray
allowed to dry for a day. Finally the aggregates are allowed for sintering for a
temperature of 1150 OC for half hour duration in order to gain good strength.
Sintering of fly ash aggregate are done by down draft sintering method. Batch
type suction grate sinter machine of 300×300 mm and cross section area 500
mm height hearth is used for prepare sintered fly ash aggregate from the
pelletizer raw machine. The sintering experiment is being carried out by
maintaining 400 mm bed height of the granulated particle on a 50 mm thick
hearth layer with suction pressure 400 mm.
000052. Figure 4 illustrates the entire process of formation of sintered fly ash aggregates.
PROPERTIES OF FLY ASH

000057. Full form of Fly ash aggregates are:
CFA: Cold bonded fly ash aggregate
SFA: Sintered Fly ash aggregate
000058. The admixture used in the pervious concrete are of silicate base such as alkali silicates, bentonite and the binder is comprised of naphthalene based super plasticizer.
000059. Different examples of the pervious concrete layer are given below:
Example-1
Coarse aggregate of 4.75 mm size is mixed with cement keeping the ratio 0.30. i.e., 420-93 kg/m3 cement is mixed with 1262-79 kg/m3, in which 7% silica fume and 5% super plasticizer is added. The void volume is found to be 15% of the total pervious surface. Cubic and rectangular shapes are fabricated out of it.
Example-2
Coarse aggregate of 9.5 mm size is mixed with cement keeping the ratio 0.30. i.e., 415.58 kg/m3 cement is mixed with 1246.74 kg/m3, in which 7% silica fume and 5% super plasticizer is added. The void volume is found to be 15% of the total pervious surface. Cubic and rectangular shapes are fabricated out of it.
xample-3
Coarse aggregate of 12.5 mm size is mixed with cement keeping the ratio 0.30. i.e., 411.62 kg/m3 cement is mixed with 1234.88 kg/m3, in which 7% silica fume and 5% super plasticizer is added. The void volume is found to be 17% of the total pervious surface. Cubic and rectangular shapes are fabricated out of it.
Example-4
Coarse aggregate of 4.75+9.5 mm size is mixed with cement keeping the ratio 0.30. i.e., 431.62 kg/m3 cement is mixed with 1294.88 kg/m3, in which 10% silica fume and 6% super plasticizer is added. The void volume is found to be

19% of the total pervious surface. Cubic and rectangular shapes are fabricated out of it.
Example-5
Coarse aggregate of 9.5 mm size is mixed with cement keeping the ratio 0.30. i.e., 428.37 kg/m3 cement is mixed with 1285.11 kg/m3, in which 10% silica fume and 6%super plasticizer is added. The void volume is found to be 15% of the total pervious surface. Cubic and rectangular shapes are fabricated out of it.
Example-6
Coarse aggregate of 9.5 mm size is mixed with cement keeping the ratio 0.30. i.e., 415.58 kg/m3 cement is mixed with 1274.65 kg/m3, in which 10% silica fume and 6% super plasticizer is added. The void volume is found to be 15% of the total pervious surface. Cubic and rectangular shapes are fabricated out of it.
Example-7
Coarse aggregate of 9.5 mm size is mixed with cement keeping the ratio 0.30. i.e., 424.88 kg/m3 cement is mixed with 1246.74 kg/m3, in which 15% silica fume and 7% super plasticizer is added. The void volume is found to be 15% of the total pervious surface. Cubic and rectangular shapes are fabricated out of it.
Example-8
Coarse aggregate of 9.5 mm size is mixed with cement keeping the ratio 0.35. i.e., 318.87 kg/m3 cement is mixed with 1275.51 kg/m3, in which 7% silica fume and 5% super plasticizer is added. The void volume is found to be 15% of the total pervious surface. Cubic and rectangular shapes are fabricated out of it.
Example-9
Coarse aggregate of 9.5 mm size is mixed with cement keeping the ratio 0.35. i.e., 315.88 kg/m3 cement is mixed with 1263.55 kg/m3, in which 7% silica fume and 5% super plasticizer is added. The void volume is found to be 15% of the total pervious surface. Cubic and rectangular shapes are fabricated out of it.

Example-10
Coarse aggregate of 9.5 mm size is mixed with cement keeping the ratio 0.35. i.e., 415.58 kg/m3 cement is mixed with 1246.74 kg/m3, in which 7% silica fume and 5% super plasticizer is added. The void volume is found to be 15% of the total pervious surface. Cubic and rectangular shapes are fabricated out of it.
Example-11
Coarse aggregate of 9.5 mm size is mixed with cement keeping the ratio 0.35. i.e., 313.27 kg/m3 cement is mixed with 1306.91 kg/m3, in which 10% silica fume and 6% super plasticizer is added. The void volume is found to be 15% of the total pervious surface. Cubic and rectangular shapes are fabricated out of it.
Example-12
Coarse aggregate of 9.5 mm size is mixed with cement keeping the ratio 0.35. i.e., 323.55 kg/m3 cement is mixed with 1294.20 kg/m3, in which 10% silica fume and 6% super plasticizer is added. The void volume is found to be 15% of the total pervious surface. Cubic and rectangular shapes are fabricated out of it.
Example-13
Coarse aggregate of 9.5 mm size is mixed with cement keeping the ratio 0.35. i.e., 321.12 kg/m3 cement is mixed with 1284.48 kg/m3, in which 7% silica fume and 5% super plasticizer is added. The void volume is found to be 15% of the total pervious surface. Cubic and rectangular shapes are fabricated out of it.
Example-14
Coarse aggregate of 9.5 mm size is mixed with cement keeping the ratio 0.35. i.e., 329.34 kg/m3 cement is mixed with 1284.48 kg/m3, in which 10% silica fume and 6% super plasticizer is added. The void volume is found to be 15% of the total pervious surface. Cubic and rectangular shapes are fabricated out of it.
Example-15
Coarse aggregate of 9.5 mm size is mixed with cement keeping the ratio 0.40. i.e., 329.34 kg/m3 cement is mixed with 1305.40 kg/m3, in which 7% silica fume

and 5% super plasticizer is added. The void volume is found to be 15% of the total pervious surface. Cubic and rectangular shapes are fabricated out of it.
Example-16
Coarse aggregate of 9.5 mm size is mixed with cement keeping the ratio 0.40. i.e., 215.27 kg/m3 cement is mixed with 1291.62 kg/m3, in which 7% silica fume and 5% super plasticizer is added. The void volume is found to be 15% of the total pervious surface. Cubic and rectangular shapes are fabricated out of it.
Example-17
Coarse aggregate of 9.5 mm size is mixed with cement keeping the ratio 0.40. i.e., 213.64 kg/m3 cement is mixed with 1281.89 kg/m3, in which 7% silica fume and 5% super plasticizer is added. The void volume is found to be 15% of the total pervious surface. Cubic and rectangular shapes are fabricated out of it.
Example-18
Coarse aggregate of 9.5 mm size is mixed with cement keeping the ratio 0.40. i.e., 223.24 kg/m3 cement is mixed with 1339.45 kg/m3, in which 10% silica fume and 6%super plasticizer is added. The void volume is found to be 15% of the total pervious surface. Cubic and rectangular shapes are fabricated out of it.
Example-19
Coarse aggregate of 9.5 mm size is mixed with cement keeping the ratio 0.40. i.e., 221.62 kg/m3 cement is mixed with 1329.72 kg/m3, in which 10% silica fume and 6%super plasticizer is added. The void volume is found to be 15% of the total pervious surface. Cubic and rectangular shapes are fabricated out of it.
Example-20
Coarse aggregate of 9.5 mm size is mixed with cement keeping the ratio 0.40. i.e., 219.18 kg/m3 cement is mixed with 1315.13 kg/m3, in which 10% silica fume and 6% super plasticizer is added. The void volume is found to be 15% of the total pervious surface. Cubic and rectangular shapes are fabricated out of it.

Example-21
Coarse aggregate of 9.5 mm size is mixed with cement keeping the ratio 0.40. i.e., 225.40 kg/m3 cement is mixed with 1352.43 kg/m3, in which 15% silica fume and 7% super plasticizer is added. The void volume is found to be 15% of the total pervious surface. Cubic and rectangular shapes are fabricated out of it.
60. The previous concrete generates an aesthetic representation where in the small aggregates can be made colored. The aggregates arranged in various forms, shapes and sizes to make the look expressive. The curing admixture added in this concrete is having a silicate base.
61. The pervious concrete made with fly ash aggregate has substantially high compressive strength and water permeability. By mixing appropriate admixture and cementitious materials can explore its improving effects on the compressive strength and water permeability of pervious concrete. Based on the experimental study and the parameter investigated in the research, the following conclusions can be drawn.
1-With increase in pelletization process results formation of uniform shape and size of pellets and it has higher efficiency. Fly ash with sodium hydroxide binder shows higher efficiency 80 % and fly ash with sodium silicate shows average efficiency 75 % among all the aggregates.
2-From the experiment above six aggregate It was found that, with increase in the water curing days, fly ash aggregates received good green strength and decreases the water absorption value. It seem that fly ash-NaOH based aggregate shows highest crushing strength 6.30MPa with water absorption study it was found that 9.5 %. But in case of sintered aggregate the crushing strength value of individual aggregate is found to be 5.80 MPa with low value of water absorption 10.28 % respectively.
3-The impact test and abrasion value of alkali based aggregates is 9.56 % and 28.35.Similarly sintered aggregates the values are 10.20 % and 29.87 % respectively.

4-Various water parameter such as pH, TDS, Turbidity of the CFA and SFA were tested. It is observed that, pH of the CFA gradually increases from 10.28 to 12.26 when the curing ages increases from 1 to 3 days. Similarly TDS and turbidity of the cured water increases from 1.90 to 6.96 and 0.1 NTU to 3.88 NTU respectively. These results might indicate that there is a possibility of heavy metal leaching in cold bonded fly ash aggregate. But in case of sintered fly ash aggregate the change in values of pH is found to be 6.05 to 7.02 and TDS is 0.15 to 1.73 with turbidity 0.1 NTU to 3.88 NTU. It is clearly indicates there is no chance of heavy metal leaching during the time of contact with water.
5-Various characterization of fly ash aggregate was concluded and it is found that fly ash-Sodium silicate (sintered based aggregate) shows satisfactory performance. So it is considered as the best aggregate and recommended for fabrication of pervious material.
6-It was found that as the aggregate size increases, the compressive strength of non-fine concrete decreases while the permeability coefficient increases. The larger the aggregate size, the greater the surface area, the fewer the number of contact points between the unit volume of coarse aggregate non-fine concrete, the smaller the glue bond area, thereby resulting in the water permeability of non-fine concrete increase and compressive strength decrease.
7-Similarly in case of small size of aggregate, the contact between aggregate is more, resulting more compressive strength but less porosity. But in case of combination of different size of aggregate, it is found that there is a systematic packing between the aggregate, resulted good compressive strength and good permeability.
8-Since the compressive strength of the pervious concrete ranges from 3 to 30 MPa with porosity range from 15 to 35 % . Fly ash based pervious concrete (FPC) produced in the study fulfill this requirement as the minimum compressive strength being 7.15 MPa in the mix FPC-17 and average in FPC-14 is 13.28 MPa and maximum is 17.40 MPa in FPC-7.

Similarly Flexural and splitting tensile strength of the FPC-7 is 3.06 MPa, 2.56 MPa and FPC-14 is 2.10 MPa, 2.12 MPa and in FPC-17 is 1.01 MPa, 1.10 MPa respectively.
9-Porosity of pervious concrete fells in between 15-35 %which are recommended limit for pervious concrete. The porosity (%)of FPC-7,FPC-14 and FPC-17 are26.79 %,29.96%, and 34.05 % with water permeability value are 8.30 mm/s,11.87 mm/s and 16.07 mm/s respectively.
10-Using silica fume and super plasticizer in the pervious concrete can enhance the strength of the concrete.
11-The abrasion resistance (Loss of wt %) value of FPC-7,FPC-14 and FPC-17 are 12.10, 17.28 and 24.72 % respectively. The reason is as the cement to aggregate ratio increases (1:3-1:4-1:6) the percentage of cement paste thickness gradually decreases resulted more percentage of weight loss.
12-The loss in compressive strength (Cured in Na2SO4 solution for 56 days) of FPC-7 is 17.40 to 13.50 MPa ,FPC-14 is 13.28 to 9.38 MPa and in FPC-17 is 7.15 to 3.25MPa. The loss in compressive strength (Cured H2SO4 solution for 56 days) is found to be higher in acid solution. It is found that in FPC-7 is 17.40 to 10.40 MPa ,FPC-14 is 13.28 to 6.28 MPa and in FPC-17 is 7.15 to 0.15 MPa. Similarly the loss in compressive strength (Cured in sea water solution for 56 days) of FPC-7 is 17.40 to 11.10 MPa, FPC-14 is 13.28 to 6.98 MPa and in FPC-17 is 7.15 to 0.85 MPa.
13-The loss of weight % (cured in Na2SO4 solution for 56 days ) of FPC-7,FPC-14 and FPC-17 is found to be 22.41% ,29.36 % and 54.54 % respectively. The loss of weight % (cured in H2SO4 solution for 56 days ) of FPC-7,FPC-14 and FPC-17 is found to be 40.22,52.71% and 77.90 % respectively. . The loss of weight % (sea water solution for 56 days ) of FPC-7,FPC-14 and FPC-17 is found to be 36.20 ,47.43 % and 88.11% respectively. It is found that as the chemical

exposure period increases compressive strength loss and weight loss of the material increases.
From the above test, it is concluded that It is noted that the trial mix design FPC-14 which is prepared by (1:4 ratio) with w/c ratio of 0.35 is the optimum mix design among the 21 trial mix for fabrication of fly ash based pervious material. The strength of the material can be enhanced up to maximum 2 MPa by addition of sand but this can effect the porosity and permeability of the material. Meanwhile, the solidification effect from cement paste and admixture restrict the possible leaching of heavy metal ion from fly ash. Thus it’s finally concluded that FPC can be utilized for ground water recharging and pavement application. Apart from this, it can solve some environmental problems such as control storm water run-off, surface mitigant, heat island effect and noise reduction. Also it provides greater antiskid capability which may avoid accident in rainy days.
000062. Different proportion of fly ash based pervious concretes are given below:

63. Each of the appended claims defines a separate invention, which for infringement purposes is recognized as including equivalents to the various elements or limitations specified in the claims. Depending on the context, all references below to the “invention” may in some cases refer to certain specific embodiments only. In other cases, it will be recognized that references to the “invention” will refer to subject matter recited in one or more, but not necessarily all, of the claims.
64. Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member can be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. One or more members of a group can be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is herein deemed to contain the group as modified thus fulfilling the written description of all groups used in the appended claims.
65. The present disclosure provides a novel composition of pervious concrete system and methodology for preparing the same.
Equivalents:
000066. With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singular
terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the
singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context
and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations may be expressly
set forth herein for sake of clarity.

67. It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to”, the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least”, the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to”, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to inventions containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should typically be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, eve it a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations”, without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations).
68. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. It will be appreciated that several of the above-disclosed and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may be combined into other systems or applications. Various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations, or improvements therein may subsequently be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as encompassed by the following claims.

000069. The claims, as originally presented and as they may be amended,
encompass variations, alternatives, modifications, improvements, equivalents,
and substantial equivalents of the embodiments and teachings disclosed herein,
including those that are presently unforeseen or unappreciated, and that, for
example, may arise from applicants/patentees and others.
000070. While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein,
other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The
various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of
illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit
being indicated by the following claims.

WE CLAIM :
1. A novel pervious concrete systems comprises :
i) Aggregates such as Fly ash : 1262.79 kg/m3;
ii) Cement mixture : 434.88 kg/m3;
iii) Super Plasticizer : (carboxylic ether such as Glenium-110P,
BASF) with specific gravity of 1.1g/cm3
at 20°C in liquid form – 30.44kg/m3;
iv) Admixture : such as Silica Fume – 43.48 kg/m3;
v) Water to Cement ratio : 0.3-0.4 (130.46 kg/m3).
2. The pervious concrete system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the super plasticizer is carboxylic ether having specific gravity of 1.1g/cm3 in liquid form.
3. The pervious concrete system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water to cement ratio varies from 0.3 – 0.4.
4. The pervious concrete system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the binder is selected from portland cement, hydrated lime, calcium aluminate and calcium sulpho-aluminate.
5. A method for preparation of pervious concrete comprises the steps of ;
i) mixing of all ingredients such as cement, sintered fly ash aggregate with sand, water and admixture with in a pan mixer of 200 litre capacity for about 3 minutes;
ii) addition of admixture (such as 10% silica fume and 7% polycarboxylic ether) to the dry materials with mixing for another 4 minutes;
iii) casting of fresh concrete into mould of different dimension;
iv) compaction of each layer by using rodding bar alongwith vibration for 1-2 minutes on a vibrating table;
v) demoulding of the samples after 24 hours and subjected to curing in 100% relative humidity.

6. The method for preparation of pervious concrete as claimed in claim 5, wherein the mixing of all ingredients takes place at room temperature. i.e. 30°C and pH of 10.2.
7. The method for preparation of pervious concrete as claimed in claim 5, wherein the curing of samples takes place in a water tank for 7 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days respectively.