Field of Invention
A defect monitoring system for elevators employing Internet of Things (loT) technology is
the main emphasis of the innovation, which is related to the area of building management and
10 safety systems. Elevators in homes, businesses, and factories may all benefit from this
system's improved security, dependability, and ease of maintenance. The system constantly
monitors the operation of essential elevator parts like motors, cables, doors, and control
systems by incorporating Internet of Things (loT) sensors and monitoring devices. In order to
notifY maintenance crews of any impending problems, real-time data is gathered and
15 examined for anomalies. This preventative method minimizes downtime and avoids accidents
by allowing for prompt intervention before little problems become big ones. By connecting
all of the elevators in a building via the Internet of Things, building management will get a
bird's-eye view of the elevators' overall health. By optimizing maintenance schedules and
boosting the saf~ty and efficiency of elevator operations, this technology not only enhances
20 · the overall user experience in multi-story buildings but also extends the lifetime of elevator.
equipment.
Background of Invention
After analysis of the data included in the email, the appropriate alerts were created based on
the severity level of the machine. The findings shown that RCM makes it possible to make
choices on repair and maintenance more quickly; it also helps to avoid the catastrophic failure
10 of machines and functions as a troubleshooting guide for fault diagnosis. Maintenance of
machines and facilities is receiving an increased amount of attention since it contributes to an
improvement in productivity and competitiveness via a reduction in the amount of time that
machines are down for repair and the expenses associated with maintenance. Augmented
automation, along with decreased manning and increased operating tempos in production
15 machinery, has resulted in a rapid increase in the number of machinery sensors that have been
installed. Tllis is done in order to make it possible to repair the equipment more quickly and
to ensure that it operates reliably for extended periods of time. Maintenance checks for lifts
should be performed on a regular basis, and downtime should be kept to a minimum.
Object of Invention
10 o. Power Supply
o Raspberry PI Module
o Vibration Sensor
o Accelerometer
Summary of Invention
The construction of a remote monitoring device that uses emerging Internet of Things
technology to report the state of an elevator system and indicate the severity level of its
condition is the. primary focus of the research efforts. This will help support proactive
maintenance and provide a deterioration pattern or history before breakdown maintenance is
10 required. Due to the fact that lift and lift systems are not staffed, the maintenance strategy that
is most often used is planned maintenance. The equipment was set up to monitor the
temperature of the machine room as well as the vibration characteristics, both of which play
an important role in determining whether or not a system is operating properly. ',The
monitoring device was attached to the top of the elevator car so that it could monitor the
15 vibration of the elevator car and the drives, a~ well as the temperature of the machine room.
This was done to ensure that the controls were operating correctly.
In elevator systems, certain factors, such as the vibration of the elevator car, the sound
coming from the drive system, and the temperature coming from the machine room, may be
indicators that a problem is about to occur in the elevator system. The Internet of Things
20 (loT) and cloud computing (CC), both of which have the potential of real-time monitoring,
are the basis for the progressive development of remote condition monitoring and a pre-alarm
system. loT technology and devices make it possible to do remote condition monitoring,
diagnostics, and reporting, which helps the maintenance staff stay up to date on the system's
status. For instance, if there is vibration in the lift car, this might be an indication that the
drive system is not operating properly or that the lift car is not aligned properly on the guide
rails. Vibration in the lift car or lift car is one of the most important conditions that shows the
condition of the drive system, while the temperature in the·machine room may indicate how
well the control system is working. This system performed vibration analysis on traction
elevators utilizing three axis accelerometer sensors, in order to determine the excitation of the
system, and it obtained five experimental modal analyses. A malfunctioning drive system,
guides, controls, elevator car, and hall equipment would generate a side sway, oscillation, or
vibration of the elevator car. The parameter for temperature and vibration is monitored
remotely, and the data from this monitoring is saved in the cloud while an analysis of the
present circumstances is performed in comparison to the severity level of the parameter.
The goal of remote condition monitoring (RCM), which is· used on machines, is to improve
preventative maintenance by enabling just-in-time reactions to malfunctions in the equipment and degradation in the processes. As a result of having remote access to the machines' states,
this strategy has the advantage of requiring fewer people to man the machines, and it also
makes it easier to make sound judgements for joint maintenance. In this paper, a remote
condition monitoring approach is applied to two lift parameters-vibration and machine
room temperature--using an Internet of Things (Io T) device for remote data acquisition and
10 remote fault indication. The goal of this approach is to reduce the amount of time spent'.on
monitoring these parameters. An lift system was outfitted with an Arduino Yun
microcontroller and enhanced sensors, as well as networked connections~ in order to enable
remote monitoring of any degradation in the functioning condition of the lift system.
This remote monitoring set-up was built. The system was built up in such a way that it could
15 monitor the circumstances online and remotely via the use of an email application service.
After the analysis of the data included in the email, the appropriate alerts were created ba~ed
on the severity level of the machine. The findings shown that RCM makes it possible to make
choices on repair and maintenance more quickly; it also helps to avoid the catastrophic failure
of machines and functions as a troubleshooting guide for fault diagnosis. Maintenance of
20 machines and facilities is receiving an increased amount of attention since it contributes to an
Q) improvement in productivity and competitiveness via a reduction in the amount of time that machines are down for repair and the expenses associated with maintenance.
Augmented automation, along with decreased manning and increased operating tempos in
production machinery, has led to a rapid increase in the number of machinery sensors tha:t
' 25 have been installed. This is done in order to make it possible to repair the equipment more
quickly and to ensure that it will continue to operate reliably for extended periods of time.
Maintenance checks for lifts should be performed on a regular basis, and downtime should be
kept to a minimum. The construction of a remote monitoring device that uses emerging
Internet of Things technology to report the state of a lift system and indicate the severity level
30 . of its condition is the primary focus of the research efforts. This will help support proactive
35
maintenance and provide a deterioration pattern or history before breakdown maintenance is
required. Due to the fact that lift and lift systems are not staffed, the maintenance strategy that
is most often used is planned maintenance. The equipment was set up to monitor the
temperature of the machine room as well as the vibration factors, all of which are very
helpful in determining whether or not a system is operating properly.
Detailed Description of Invention
A battery is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy. The chemical
reactions in a battery involve the flow of electrons from one material (electrode) to another through an
external circuit The flow of electrons provides an electric current that can be used to do work. It
provides D.C. current to operate the vehicle autonomously without human inference. The Raspberry
10 PI 4 Model B was introduced in June 2019 and featured a 1.5 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM CortexA
72 processor, full gigabit Ethernet (throughput not limited), two USB 2.0 connections, two USB 3.0
ports, 1-8 G.B. of RAM, and dual-monitor compatibility through a pair of mini-HDMI (HDMI Type
D) interfaces.
An accelerometer is a device that measures a structure's vibration or acceleration of motion.
15 The force caused by vibration or a change in motion (acceleration) causes the ma~s· to
"squeeze" the piezoelectric material, producing an electrical charge proportional to the force
exerted upon it.
Load cells transform a weight into a measurable electrical output. The electrical signal
varies in direct proportion to the applied force. Strain gauges and pneumatic & hydraulic load
cells are among the several varieties. Strain gauge load cells are made of metal bars to which
strain gauges are fastened (in the image above, under the white adhesive). A device known as
a strain gauge uses electricity to. gauge an object's weight or strain. The strain gauges'
resistivity alters when an outside force is applied to an object of interest, changing its shape
(in this instance, the metal bar).
The sensor for detecting vibration is also known as a piezoelectric sensor. These sensors are
bendable gadgets that may be used for the purpose of sensing a variety of operations. This
sensor makes advantage of the piezoelectric phenomena in order to . measure changes in
acceleration, pressure, temperature, force, and strain by converting those changes into an
electrical charge. By quickly measuring capacitance in addition to quality, this sensor may
also be used for determining the smells that are present in the air. A vibration sensor is a kind
of sensor that may detect observable system. vibrations using a variety of different optical or
mechanical principles, depending on how it functions. This is known as the sensor's operating
principle. The standard range for the sensitivity of these sensors is I 0 m V /g to I 00 m V /g;
however, both lower and higher sensitivities are also available. The level of sensitivity that
the sensor provides may be adjusted to meet the requirements of a particular application. So,
it is very necessary to have an understanding of the levels of vibration amplitude range to for these sensors include detecting, evaluating, and presenting distance, acceleration,
proximity, and other related data.
An accelerometer is a piece of equipment that can measure the acceleration of motion, as well
as the vibration, of a building. The mass "squeezes" the piezoelectric material, which results
in the production of an electrical charge that is proportionate to the force that is put onto it.
10 This charge is created by the force that is caused by either vibration or a change in motion
(acceleration). If the mass remains the same, then the charge must likewise be proportional to
the acceleration in order for it to be proportional to the force. There are a multitude of
applications for these sensors, ranging from space stations to portable gadgets; in fact, there is
a considerable probability that you already possess a device that has an accelerometer. One
15 example is the presence of an accelerometer in almost all modern ccllphones. An
accelerometer is a device that measures acceleration,· and it does so by using an
electromechanical sensor that may detect either static or dynamic acceleration. The constarit
force that is operating on a body, such as gravity or friction, is referred to as static
acceleration. These forces can be predicted with reasonable accuracy and behave in a rather
20 consistent manner. For instance, the acceleration caused by gravity is always 9.8 metres per
Q) second, and the gravitational force is almost same throughout the whole surface of the world.
C)
Ill
.ll. The finest illustration of the non-uniform nature of dynamic acceleration forces is provided
by vibration or shock. A collision between two vehicles is a great illustration of dynamic
acceleration. When compared to its prior condition, the shift in acceleration that occurs here
25 is rather abrupt. Accelerometers are designed with the premise that they are able to detect
acceleration and translate that reading into a quantifiable quantity, such as an electrical signal.
Detailed Description of Drawings
(I) Figure (i) shows the Block Diagram
(2) Figure (ii) shows the Power Supply or Battery
A battery is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy. The chemical
reactions in a battery involve the flow of electrons from one material (electrode) to another through an
10 external circuit. The flow of electrons provides an electric current that can be used to do work. It
provides D.C. current to operate the vehicle autonomously without human inference.
(3) Figure (iii) shows the Raspberry PI Module
The Raspberry PI 4 Model B was introduced in June 2019 and featured a 1.5 GHz 64-bit quad-core
ARM Cortex-A72 processor, full gigabit Ethernet (throughput not limited), two USB 2.0 connections,
15 two USB 3.0 ports, 1-8 G.B. of RAM, and dual-monitor compatibility through a pair ofmini-HDMT
(HOM! Type D) interfaces.
(4) Figure (iv) shows the Accelerometer
An accelerometer is a device that measures a structure's vibration or acceleration of motion.
The force caused· by vibration or a change in motion (acceleration) causes the mass to
20 "squeeze" the piezoelectric material, producing an electrical charge proportional to the force
exerted upon it.
. (5) Figure (v) shows the Load Cell
Load cells transform a weight into a measurable electrical output. The electrical signal
varies in direct proportion to the applied force. Strain gauges and pneumatic & hydraulic load
25 cells are among the several varieties. Strain gauge load cells are made of metal bars to which
strain gauges are fastened (in the image above, under the white adhesive). A device known as
a strain gauge uses electricity to gauge an object's weight or strain. The strain gauges'
resistivity alters when an outside force is applied to an object of interest, changing its shape
(in this instance, the metal bar).
30 (6) Figure (vi) shows the Vibration Sensor
A piezoelectric sensor is another name for a vibration sensor. These flexible sensors are used to
measure a range of processes. This sensor converts acceleration, pressure, temperature, force, or strain
changes into an electrical charge using the piezoelectric effects. The
determine airborne smells by instantly detecting capacitance and quality.
Different Embodiment oflnvention
i. Real-Time Sensor-Based Monitoring: An embodiment where loT-enabled sensors are
installed on critical elevator components, such as motors, cables, and brakes. These
sensors continuously monitor operational parameters and send real-time data to a
central system, enabling immediate detection of faulis.
10 ii. Predictive Maintenance System: This embodiment uses advanced algorithms to analyze
historical and real-time data collected from the elevator's components. The system
predicts potential failures before they occur, allowing maintenance teams to address
issues proactively, thereby reducing downtime.
iii. Remote Diagnostic Interface: An embodiment thljt includes a remote interface
15 . accessible via a web or mobile application, allowing building managers and
maintenance teams to monitor elevator performance, receive alerts, and diagnose
issues from any location.
iv. Integrated Emergency Response System: This embodiment integrates the fault
monitoring system with an emergency response network. If a critical fault is detected;
20 the system automatically alerts emergency services or on-site personnel, ensurmg
rapid response and enhancing passenger safety.
v. Multi-Building Monitoring System: An embodiment where the loT-based fault
monitoring system is deployed across multiple buildings, with data from all elevators
centralized into a single management platform. This. allows for efficient oversight and
25 maintenance scheduling across large properties or complexes.
vi. Energy Efficiency Optimization: An advanced embodiment that not only monitors
faults but also tracks energy consumption patterns of elevators. The system identifies
inefficiencies and suggests optimizations, leading to reduced energy costs and improved sustainability.
We Claim
The invention of Fault Monitoring System for Elevators Internet of Things comprises of:
I. An loT-based fault monitoring system for elevators comprising sensors installed on
critical components that continuously monitor operational parameters and transmit realtime
data to a central monitoring system.
10 2. The system of claim I, wherein the system includes predictive maintenance algorithms
that analyze historical and real-time data to forecast potential faults and schedule
preventive maintenance.
3. The system of claim I, further comprising a remote diagnostic interface accessible via
web or mobile applications, enabling real-time monitoring, fault diagnosis, and alert
15 management from any location.
20
25.
4. The system of claim I, wherein the system is integrated with an emergency response
network, automatically alerting emergency services or on-site personnel when a critica)
fault is detected.
5. The system of claim I, wherein the system is deployed across multiple buildings, with
data from all elevators centralized into a single platform for efficient management and
maintenance scheduling.
6. The system of claim I, further comprising an energy efficiency optimization module that
tracks energy consumption patterns and provides recommendations for improving elevator energy efficiency.