This invention relates to an electric generator. The present day electric generator normally works on the principle of dynamically induced e.m.f. in the conductor/s housed within a rotary armature lying in a strong magnetic field. This generator has moving parts. An external mechanical force is essential.

According to Faraday's laws, whenever a conductor cuts across magnetic lines of flux an e.m.f. is induced in the conductor. We can also say it as whenever a magnetic lines of flux cuts a conductor an e.m.f. is induced in the conductor. This induced e.m.f. is either dynamically induced or statically induced.

In dynamically induced system, the conductor is moved across magnetic lines of flux by using an external mechanical force. In statically induced system, one conductor is stationary, and a second conductor is placed next to it. Whenever the second conductor which is placed next to the first conductor is activated by momentarily passing of external electric current, magnetic lines of flux are generated in it which cuts the stationary conductor placed next to it. Momentary e.m.f. is induced in the stationary conductor. No e.m.f. is induced in the stationary conductor when current passing through the second conductor is constant, though a stationary flux exists, no matter however strong it is. Some rate of change of flux linked with the stationary conductor is very essential to generate an e.m.f.

So to get steady induced e.m.f. in the stationary conductor a continuous change of magnetic flux linked with it is essential. This continuous change of magnetic flux linked with the stationary conductor is obtained by either continuous change of direction of electrical current passing through the second conductor placed next to it or make and break the flow of current through the second conductor placed next to it, even though the direction of the change of electrical current passing through the second conductor placed next to it or the duration of the make and break of the flow of current passing through the second conductor placed next to it, is in intervals of mili seconds.

As per the second law of Faraday, which states that, the magnitude of the induced e.m.f. in the stationary conductor is equal to the rate of change of flux linkages in it. So if the rate of change of flux linkages in a stationary conductor is more, more e.m.f. is induced.

This rate of change of flux linkages in a stationary conductor is easily achieved in a dynamically induced principle where in the conductor is made to move across magnetic lines of flux, by an external mechanical force. Present day generators work on this principle.

Since it is impossible to continuously move a conductor across magnetic lines of flux in a linear motion, a rotary motion is adopted to move the conductor, to make it to cut the magnetic flux continuously as long as it rotates, wherein the required magnetic flux is provided using either permanent or externally excited poles, which are kept in a circle so as to enable the rotating conductor to cut the magnetic flux. This is the
present day system of generators.

It is open to the objection that, Since it is difficult to achieve continuous rate of change of flux cutting the conductor/s, in the statically induced principle, no generators are built on statically induced e.m.f. principle.

The object of the present invention is to develop a system, which will be free from the above mentioned drawback enabling building activities of generators on statically induced e.m.f. principle wherein there is no external mechanical force required to drive the rotor, which is either carrying conductor/s or electromagnet/s as the case may be.

I have found that:

Prime movers which are used to run conventional electrical generators can be avoided, if the circular armature is converted into flat armature and is placed in the air gap between the north pole and south pole of one or more pair/s of electromagnet/s and if the current in the field coils of the electromagnet/s is made to pass in any direction programmed with preset pulses or if the AC is passed directly, then an alternating current is induced in the conductors of the flat armature, provided the magnetic circuit is completed.

According to the present invention, one or more insulated conductor/s of required dimensions are placed next to each other in the air gap between one or more pair/s of electromagnet/s forming north and south poles covering the full length of the conductor. Conventional rotary type armature surrounded by north and south poles of electromagnet/s may also be adopted. But both rotor and stator should be firmly fixed. Insulated conductor/s of the statically induced generator is/are excited by one or more pair/s of electromagnet/s by passing pulsating current through its field windings.

These electromagnets are excited by an external pulsating DC source. AC source can also be used if a diode is introduced in the circuit as a switching devise to block the half cycle of the sine wave to get uni-direction of the current path in the field windings. AC source can also be used to get the field current oscillate alternately in pulses in both directions. In such a case the frequency of the induced emf is equal to the frequency of the AC passing through the field windings. Many other electronic systems such as IGBT, Thyristers ect can be used to send pulsating current through field windings at desired time intervals. Flux is generated only when the current in the field winding is pulsating and not continuous however strong it may be.

The invention will now be explained.

Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction states that, whenever a conductor cuts across a magnetic lines of force or flux, and e.m.f. is induced in that conductor. And, the magnitude of the induced e.m.f. is equal to the rate of change of flux linkages.

There are two methods to cut the flux by a conductor. One is dynamic method where either the flux or the conductor is made to move across the other, so that the magnetic flux is cut by the conductor.

The other is a static method. It is proven fact that if current is passed through a conductor in a pulse, magnetic lines of flux are generated and if another conductor is placed next to it so that the generated flux cuts the conductor which is placed next to the current carrying conductor, an e.m.f. is induced in the other conductor other than the one which is carrying the current in pulse.

In both dynamic and static methods e.m.f. is induced. If a conductor in which an e.m.f. is to be induced is placed in the air gap between north and south poles of one or more electromagnet/s and a current is passed in pulses through the field windings of the electromagnet/s either in one direction or in both directions alternately, the flux generated by the electromagnet/s cuts the conductor, then an e.m.f. is induced in it.

According to Faraday's laws, this induced e.m.f. is equal to the rate of change of flux linkages. In dynamic method, the motion of either magnetic flux or the conductor is made physically possible to move across each other at a required speed. Normally a rotary motion is adopted and the increase or decrease of r.p.m. (revolutions per minute) increases or decreases the induced e.m.f.

In static method, increase or decrease of the pulse rate of the excitation current increases or decreases the induced e.m.f. It can be called p.p.m. that is Pulse Per Minute.

Induced e.m.f. in a conductor per parallel path is represented by a formula E=d0/dt Volts in case of a single conductor. Where, E=lnduced e.m.f., d0 = total flux in webers (0 2- 01 where 02 = final flux linkages in webers, and 01 is the initial flux linkages in webers) passing through an area of 'a' sq Mtrs, and t=rate of change of flux linkages in seconds (t=t2 - ti where t2 is the final time of flux linkages and ti is the initial tine of flux linkages), E= Volts.

In case of more number of conductors, e.m.f. generated E=0ZP/t A Volts.

Where, 0 is the total flux per pole in webers, Z= Total Number of armature conductors, ( Length and cross sectional area of the conductors can be calculated), P= Number of poles, t is the rate of change of flux linkages in seconds, A is Number of parallel paths in armature, E is the e.m.f. generated per path.

For wave winding, number of parallel path A is 2, and Number of conductors in series in one path is Z/2 For lap winding A=P.

Here, 0,P,Z, & t are in our control to get any desired induced e.m.f. E.

Electromagnet/s can be designed to get 0webers passing through an area of 'a' Sq Mtrs. Even the number of turns of the field windings of the electromagnet, the diameter of the field winding wire, the excitation current to be passed through the field winding wire, and the dimension of the electromagnet can also be designed in advance similar to the conventional rotary generator design calculations and procedures..

Field current in case of dynamic machines should be D.C. since the flux should be constant throughout the e.m.f. generation. In case of static machines, the field current should be in pulses. A dynamic machine is a Rotary machine and the static machine is a Flat machine. Circular static machine can be designed but both its electromagnets and armature windings should be stationary.

In statically induced e.m.f. machines, armature is a stack of number of conductors placed in between N and S poles of one or more electromagnet/s. More than one electromagnet can also be provided. Care should be taken that the direction of the field current produces the flux in the same direction in all the electromagnets used, so that flux from different electromagnets should not oppose each other.

Completion of magnetic circuit should be ensured properly before sending pulses of excitation current through field windings. As the p.p.m. increases, the rate of change of flux linkage also increases, thus the induced e.m.f. is increases. Both sides of the armature, that both sides of the stack of conductors are connected to two separate segments-less commutators which is just another bigger size conductor on each sides. This conductor should be designed to carry the total current from all the armature conductors.
In conventional D.C. Generators, the current induced in the armature is alternating. It is only due to the rectifying action of split-rings or commutator, that it becomes unidirectional. In the statically induced generator also the induced current is alternating because, the pulsating current produces alternating magnetic flux.

Rotary type machines can also be built. But both armature and field electromagnets are stationary. This is how it works:-

It is known that in Induction Motor when the Magnetic Field Coil Winding which is a stator when supplied with 3-phase current, produce a magnetic field or flux which is of constant value but which revolves or rotates. However, it should be clearly noted that in this revolving field or flux, there is no actual revolution of the flux lines. The flux due to each phase changes periodically according to the changes in the phase currents, but the magnetic field itself does not move around the magnetic field winding or the stator.

That is when three phase windings displaced in space by 120°, are fed by three currents displaced in time by 120°, they produce a resultant magnetic field which rotates in space as if actual magnetic poles were being rotated mechanically.

Now if the squirrel cage of the squirrel cage induction motor, which is a rotor is replaced with the armature of a 3-phase alternator, and if this armature is fixed firmly and not allowed to rotate and then, there is an induced e.m.f. in the armature winding. This can be called 'Induction Generator'

IMPORTANT:
Transformers appear to be suitable for inducing pulsed linkage of flux in the secondary when the primary is excited with pulsating electrical supply. But a transformer actually transfers electrical power from one circuit to another, since its functional operation is limited by voltage transformation ratio K = V! 11 = V2 b where Vi and li are the primary voltage and current, and V2 bare the secondary voltage and current.

THERE CAN NOT BE ANY GENERATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY AS COMPARED WITH A GENERATOR.

For efficient pulsated linkage of flux, straight conductors are necessary and not turn as in transformers. In addition required number of poles and desired type of winding either Lap winding or Wave winding can be adopted in a generator for generating High current and Low voltage or High Voltage or Low current to match the Load.

The only difference between conventional generator and statically induced generators is that in the conventional generators armature conductors links with the flux by RELATIVE mechanical movement with respect to Poles. And in the Statically induced generators Pulsating flux links with the conductors. The rate of change of flux linkages remain the same for a given output in both Dynamic and Static generators. Frictional and windage losses are totally avoided in the static machine. However, copper losses, Hysteresis losses and eddy current losses are present in both types, which factor has to be taken in to account while designing.

I Claim:

1. Flat Generator consisting of a flat armature which is placed in the airgap between the north and south pole/s of one or more pair/s of electromagnets.

2. Flat Generator as caimed in claim-l, wherein the current in the field coils of the electromagnet/s is made to pass in the preset pulses in any direction to induce and e.m.f. in the conductor/s of the flat armature.

3. Flat Generator as claimed in claim-1 and claim-2 wherein the magnetic circuit is completed.

4. Flat Generator as claimed in claim-1, claim-2 and claim-3 where a prime mjover used to rum conventional electric generator is rendered unnecessary.