1. BACKGROUND
1.1 Field of the Invention:
The invention presents a procedure for flood avoidance for a newly developing Smart City.

1.2 Description of the Related Art:

Rainfall in excess may result in disaster claiming lives and valuable assets. The casualties
by landslide and flood can be minimized through issuing alert to possible victims about the
disaster. The Idea of invention took birth after a study on the tragedy of Uttarakhand
(2013), which have claimed thousands of lives where communication failure made the
situation worst. All the disasters happened in past caused by rainfall motivated the inventors
to design a flood avoidance approach which may be used while developing a new city. The
idea is to develop a flood free city.
2. SUMMARY OF INVENTION
The invention provides a method which can be applied while developing a new city /
colony, to make it flood free. Overall, a complete procedure depicting systematic avoidance
of flood for newly developing city has the following two steps:
• Cellular automata based procedure to prepare a land for avoiding flood.
• A mechanism for pipelining with the description of tanks and reservoir.
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3. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• Figure 1 is showing overall procedure for flood avoidance.
• Figure 2 is a graphical representation method of leveling a hexagonal cellular
structure of a plain.
• Figure 3 is a graphical representation of pipelining structure surrounding the cell
structure with position of the tanks and finally reservoir.
4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
4.1 Approach for flood avoidance to be applicable to a new developing city
Input: a non-uniform land which is to be developed into city.
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To Level the Non-Uniform Land
into multiple layers (frorh the
"fc& highest layer i+n-l,to i);
iXqJMoie th^layer;into -4
multiple hexagonal cell
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Pipeline, design with tank^at
- each corneir -
Tank size calculation
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' .Design Reservoir below ith
- Layer •*....
Size of Reservoir, S -Size by Flood Tank Size
Calculation method
Size of Dam 1
TOutput:
AHexagonal Pipelining supply system with tank at;each corherfor flood free city.
Figure 1: Flowchart for Flood Avoidance Approach
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Here, / is the lowest index with increasing iteration to level n. It is assumed that i+n-1 is a
highest layer of a cellularly designed geographical plain that has a slope in linear direction. RK is
maximum rainfall in geographical plain since last 20 years.
Approach for flood detection:
Though the approach for flood avoidance ensures flood free city. But unfortunately, if the water
level rises in the tank then water will be distributed by pipelining to other places as discussed in
section 4.2.
4.1.1 CA Based leveling
Plain modeling with cellular structure helps water loggingavoidance in aplain.A neighborhood
cell having waterhas impact on every cell situated below this cell. This impact can be depicted
only through cellular automata concept; this is the only reason to choose cellular automata for
modeling. Following are the explanation of plain division and leveling.
Plain division: Divide plain into cell of same or hybrid structure
Cellular automata with hexagonal cell, octagonal cell, square cell, rectangular cells and hybrid
square rectangular cells are to be used to develop a plain for developing a flood free colony,
while we have taken hexagonal cell as example.
Plain leveling: Level the ground from i+n-1 to level 1, i+n-1 being the highest level
Layer number i+n-1 has been assumed at the maximum height from the reservoir. Here
assumption is to make central cell is on height i+n-1 while last corner as /', where / <=12...i+n-
7.Layer i+n-1 has been assumed to be farthest layer from the reservoir, as shown in the figure 2.
i+n-1
i+n-4
(a) The direction of water flow shell be from the
layer Lj+n_ito Lj+n-2 and from Li+n-2 to Lj+n-3
and so on till the L; and finally LQ(reservoir).
(b) An example of outflow fluxes (shown by
arrows) from the central cell having rank
i+n-1 to its neighboring cells.
Figure 2: Plaindivision and leveling
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4.1.2 Pipelining
Pipelining is introduces at the boundaries ofcells, this.proposed pipeline structure haswater tanks
at the joint of two cells for temporary storage of water. This pipeline is thoroughly connected to
distribute water from the highest level to the reservoir as explained in the figure.
Reservoir
Notations Used
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Direction to send water through pipeline-tank network.
Natural Direction of water flow due to the cell automata.
Natural Direction of water flow in pipeline due to the cell automata.
Natural direction due to slope
Tanks connected with pipeline on boundary of cell.
A large reservoir.
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Figure 3: Pipelining with direction of slope
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4. L 3 Reservoir Design
Reservoir design for the flood avoidance mechanism is suggested to be performed after tank size
calculation for the cell and layer. Following procedure has given for tank size calculation as:
Calculation of Tank Size
Maximum rainfall in a day = rmax in m/s (obtained from historical data)
Length of a side of hexagon = a
Area of hexagon, Ah = —-— m2
Amount of Water for a cell, WA = Ah * r-max
Since the flow of water will be in six derection because of the hexagonal cell used, hence,
amount of water at one tank
WT _ ^ft * rmax Wt - -
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While minimum numbers of tanks = 6 and slope is 50% towards the reservoir, tank size
for the cell.
0 _ Aft * rmax
S t " 3
From the tank size, dimension of the tanks can also be easily calculated and adjusted
accordingly to the need. Dimension of a tank, while minimum numbers of tanks = 6.
L * b * h = St
Calculation of the size of reservoir
If No. of layers between top layer and reservoir = k
Then, Size of Reservoir
Sr=k*WA .
From the reservoir size dimension of the reservoir can also be easily calculated and
adjusted accordingly to the need. Dimension of a reservoir.

5. CLAIMS (03)
Claim 1:We claim methodology for flood avoidance.
Claim 2: We claim structure of flood avoidance pipeline.
Claim 3:We claim process to calculate tank size as well as reservoir1 size.