CLIAMS:1. A composition for oral hygiene comprising extract of Adiantum venustum.

2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extract is produced by used of extractant selected from group consisting of methanol, ethanol, water, ethylacetate or hexane.

3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises extract of Adiantum venustum, normal saline (0.9%v/v), a preservative, and an oil with antioxidant properties.

4. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preservative is glycerin or honey while these two as well as xylitol and asparmate act as sweetner.

5. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oil with antioxidant properties is selected for lemon oil, peppermint oil, spearmint oil, clove oil, cinnamon oil.

6. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extract of Adiantum venustum is present in an amount of 3044 mg/ 100 mL of normal saline.

7. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises of 50-60% of Adiantum venustum extract by weight, 20-30% v/v Glycerin, 5-8% v/v mint oil and 12-15% v/v lemon oil.

8. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition can treat halitosis, xerostomia and other diseases related to mouth cavity and also for treating acne.
,TagSPECI:Field of Invention:
Present invention relates to a composition for oral hygiene. More particularly, present invention relates to an oral hygiene formulation comprising extracts of Adiantum venustum.
Background of Invention:
Halitosis occurs due to change in pH of mouth which is caused by increase in bacterial load in oral cavity. Many mouthwash preparations available in market are alcohol-based which may remove bad bacteria and improve breaths but they create xerostomia (dry mouth) and irritation in mouth which leads to halitosis (bad breath). They not only dry out mouth but also disrupt balance creating optimal conditions for opportunistic microbes which leads to further oral infections. Oral health is a reflection of one's general health, affecting the ability of an individual to eat and speak, and contributes significantly to a sense of confidence and well-being (Daniluk et al., 2006).
Various mouthwash compositions are known for addressing halitosis and oral ailments. For example US Patent No. 7592025 to Dodds et al., discloses vehicle and a method for oral care that includes Magnolia Bark Extract in combination with a surface active agent. US Patent No. 8679463 to Leonhardt et al., discloses a composition for highly efficient and quick plaque and tartar removal and inhibition which included pure ascorbic acid crystals and/or granulars (vitamin C) and an enamel repairing composition such as hydroxyapatite. Moreover, an antimicrobial solution for both tropical and oral use comprising of hydrogen peroxide as antibacterial agent is disclosed in US Patent publication 7094430 of Lawrence et al, 2006.
Whereas this mouthwash invention not only acts as an antibacterial agent but also serves as an effective antihalitosis agent, sialagogue and anti-acne agent. The foresaid mouthwash is alcohol free which leaves less chance of xerostomia in mouth cavity. It has Adiantum venustum extract which is known for its high antimicrobial activity. Adiantum venustum methanolic extract has shown maximum antimicrobial activity against Gram negative, Gram positive and fungal strains (Singh et al., 2008) Adiantum venustum is known to work in various capacities such as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent (Hussain, 2003); anti-cancer agent (Pandey et al., 2009); and antimicrobial agent (Singh et al., 2008). Adiantum venustum also have therapeutic applications in treatment of tuberculosis, cold and cough, scorpion sting (Nasim et al.,2013; sinusitis (Luitel et al., 2013); tumors, hair fall and also used as a diuretics (Rastogi et al., 1970-1979; Subramanian et al., 1978; Wong, 2007).
Adiantum venustum did not show any mortality up to the dose of 2000 mg/ kg body weight according to Wajahat et al, 2011.
According to US Patent 5817295 to Chaudhari, et al., (1998) there are three basic types of commercially available mouthwash formulations. There are conventional mouthwashes which serve primarily to sweeten the breath with volatile flavor oils and do not provide antimicrobial action and/or remove mouth debris. Pre-rinse formulations are a second type and are used prior to brushing as a way of rendering deposited plaque or calculus more susceptible to removal from the teeth by brushing and abrasion. Finally, there are the gingivitis and tartar control formulations that contain antimicrobial actives such as phenols, sanguinaria, chlorhexidine, stannous fluoride and anti-tartar or plaque fighters such as sodium benzoate and the like.
A Chinese Patent No. CN102188344 (A) to Yao Shuyin (2011) discloses a composition of functional mouthwash comprising of Adiantum capillus-veneris juice, alum, mint, dandelion, garlic juice, Semen nelumbinis, pseudo-ginseng and limewash which is claimed to be used as mouthwash and to treat sore skin externally and also can be used to clean private parts.
A Korean Patent No. KR20130113018 (A) assigned to Lee Jin Tae et al., 2013 discloses a mouthwash formulation containing Sanguisoba officinalis. A cosmetic composition and a mouthwash composition contain Sanguisoba officinalis extract with anti-inflammation and anti-bacterial effects.
A Chinese Patent No. CN103751037 (A) assigned to Song Yingji (2014), discloses formulation of refreshing mouthwash containing lemon oil, perilla herb oil, clove oil, ethanol and distilled water. It claims to prevent decayed tooth and periodontitis.
An Indian Patent No. 248024 to Joshi et al. (2011) describes the turmeric-based formulations which can be used to treat sore throat, periodontal diseases and as a mouthwash to improve general hygiene of mouth/ teeth/ gums.

An Indian Patent No. 230189 to Hunuman et al. (2009) describes the emulsions containing a dermal anchoring/substantive agent, such as glycerin, in high concentration that enhances the activity of active ingredients, such as anti-microbial agents like chlorhexidine gluconate. It can be used as a cleansers such as hand washes, wound cleansers, body washes, mouthwashes, surgical scrubs, etc., and lotions, creams, foams and ointments.

Nowhere in the prior art is there any teaching or suggestion of a alcohol-free Adiantum venustum antibacterial mouthwash that can be manufactured and sold in conventional liquid form that provides effective antimicrobial action for the reduction of germs associated with halitosis, xerostomia and other oral ailments.

Summary of the Invention:
The following summary is provided to facilitate an understanding of some of the innovative features unique to the disclosed embodiment and is not intended to be a full description. A full appreciation of the various aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein can be gained by taking into consideration the entire specification, claims, drawings, and abstract as a whole.

It is, therefore, one aim of the disclosed embodiments to provide for a composition for oral hygiene comprising extract of Adiantum venustum.

Yet according to an embodiment of the invention, the extractant for extracting of Adiantum venustum is selected from group consisting of methanol, ethanol, water, ethylacetate or hexane.

Yet according to an embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises extract of Adiantum venustum, normal saline (0.9%v/v), a preservative, and oil with antioxidant properties.

Yet according to an embodiment of the invention, the preservative is glycerin, xylitol, asparmate, or honey.

Yet according to an embodiment of the invention, the oil with antioxidant properties is selected for lemon oil, peppermint oil, spearmint oil, clove oil, cinnamon oil.

Yet according to an embodiment of the invention the extract of Adiantum venustum is present in an amount of 3044 mg/ 100 mL of normal saline.

Yet according to an embodiment the composition comprises of 50-60% of Adiantum venustum extract by weight, 20-30% v/v Glycerin, 5-8% v/v mint oil and 12-15% v/v lemon oil.

Yet according to an embodiment the composition, the composition can treat halitosis, xerostomia and other related to mouth cavity and also for treating acne.

Detailed description of Drawings:
Figure 1: Anti acne effect of antibacterial fern mouthwash.

Detailed description of Invention:
The summary above, as well as the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the present disclosure, exemplary constructions of the disclosure are shown in the drawings. However, the disclosure is not limited to specific methods and instrumentalities disclosed herein. Moreover, those in the art will understand that the drawings are not to scale. Wherever possible, like elements have been indicated by identical numbers.

The particular configurations discussed in the following description are non-limiting examples that can be varied and are cited merely to illustrate at least one embodiment and are not intended to limit the scope thereof.

Present invention provides
To evaluate the effectiveness of Adiantum venustum extract, in vitro tests were conducted with twelve oral bacterial strains. The Minimum-Inhibitory-Concentrations (MIC) of fern extract (90 mg/ mL) of Adiantum venustum against twelve oral bacterial isolates revealed lowest MIC 5.62 mg/ mL. The Well Diffusion method was also employed to check fern extracts antibacterial activity, 20 µL of Adiantum venustum extract was added to 5 mm (internal diameter) wells to check antibacterial activity against twelve oral bacterial isolates. Highest antibacterial activity was observed with 15.2 mm zone of inhibition. The Adiantum venustum extract was also subjected to phytochemical screening and it showed presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and phenols which could be the reason for its high antimicrobial activity. Adiantum venustum extract also showed free radical scavenging activity with 56.1% DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity. The present antibacterial formulation can also be effectively used for the treatment of acne when applied in sufficient amount to the affected area. Pharmaceutical formulation containing this composition can be used as antiacne agent, too.
The antibacterial fern mouthwash formulation of the present invention is useful in killing of microorganisms responsible for halitosis and other oral diseases caused by bacteria in the mouth while also acting as a sialagogue and breath freshener. The mouthwash formulation is also effective against acne when applied in sufficient amount twice a day.
The mouthwash formulation of the present invention provides the total oral hygiene regimen for everyone. The mouthwash formulation is suitable for all kinds of minor mouth ailments but more suited for people with alcohol sensitivity. As in alcohol sensitive individuals presence of alcohol in mouthwash create xerostomia and irritation in mouth leading to burning sensation leaving the mouth dry and irritated for long period.
The MIC of fern extract (90 mg/ mL) of Adiantum venustum against twelve oral bacterial isolates revealed lowest MIC 5.62 mg/ mL. The Well Diffusion method was also employed to check fern extracts antibacterial activity, 20 µL of Adiantum venustum extract was added to 5 mm wells to check antibacterial activity against twelve oral bacterial isolates. Highest antibacterial activity was observed with 15.2 mm zone of inhibition. The Adiantum venustum extract was also subjected to phytochemical screening and it showed presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and phenols which could be the reason for its high antimicrobial activity. Adiantum venustum extract also showed free radical scavenging activity with 56.1% DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity. The present antibacterial formulation can also be effectively used for the treatment of acne when applied in sufficient amount to the affected area. Pharmaceutical formulation containing this composition can be used as antiacne agent, too.
The antimicrobial efficacy of the mouthwash compositions is attributed to the presence Adiantum venustum extract with concentration of 50-60% by weight or may be upto 90%. The antibacterial activity tends to increase with an increase in concentration of extract w/v.

Experiment:
For the formulation of the aforesaid antibacterial fern mouthwash, the following procedures were followed:

STEP 1
The Adiantum venustum extract was prepared by following procedure.
Plant material collected washed, air dried and homogenized to fine powder.5.0 g of powder fern material soaked in 50 mL methanol then incubated overnight at 25˚C. After 24 h, extract was filtered through Whatmann filter paper no. 1 and filtrate was centrifuged at 10,000 x g at 4˚C for 15 min. The methanolic macerate was kept at room temperature to evaporate completely. The concentrated extract thus obtained was lyophilized and used for further use. Powder thus obtained was weighed, dissolved in normal saline and was sterilized by 0.22 µm Millipore membrane filter.
STEP 2
The ingredients of antibacterial fern mouthwash in present invention were added in the following concentration:
Table 1: Ingredients of fern based mouthwash.
Ingredients of mouthwash Total volume 100 mL
Adiantum venustum extract 3044 mg
Glycerin 30 mL
Mint oil 8 mL
Lemon oil 12 mL
Normal saline 50 mL

All the ingredients were mixed by using vortex for 10 min and the preparation was kept refrigerated for further use.
Adiantum venustum extract set forth in step1 was added in present invention as an antibacterial agent. Glycerin acts as a sweetener and preservative, it neither raises blood sugar level nor does it feed the bacteria that cause dental problems. Mint and lemon oils act as flavoring agents and also deodorize and disinfects.
Other ingredients may be added like peppermint, turmeric, cinnamon, clove oil and/ or ginger. For increasing its sweetness concentration of glycerin could be increased and/ or raw honey may be used.
STEP 3
The mouthwash formulation set forth in step 2 was analyzed by Agar Well Diffusion method for checking its antibacterial activity against twelve selected oral bacterial isolates that included T-1, R-1, K-1, P-WC, J-1, P-YC, DIM, M-1, SA-1, B-1, R-WC, and SH-1. The Adiantum venustum extract was checked for anti bacterial activity (Table 2). The data demonstrate that the antibacterial activity of the present invention is highly efficacious against selected oral bacterial isolates.

Table 2: Antibacterial activity of Adiantum venustum extract against selected oral bacterial isolates.
Isolate Zone of inhibition on MH-medium (mm± Standard Deviation) at 20 µL of bacterial culture and 90 mg/ mL Fern Extract]
Adiantum venustum extract
T-1 11.5± 0.5
R-1 14.5± 0.5
K-1 13.3± 0.3
P-WC 13.3± 0.0
J-1 14.5± 1.5
P-YC 12.0± 0.0
DIM 12.0± 0.8
M-1 15.2± 0.2
SA-1 13.8± 0.8
B-1 14.5± 0.5
R-WC 15.2± 0.2
SH-1 14.3± 0.0

STEP 4
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Adiantum venustum extract was evaluated against twelve selected oral bacterial isolates (Table 3).
Table 3: MIC of Adiantum venustum (90 mg/ mL) against selected oral bacterial isolates.
Test MFE Isolate

90 45 22.5 11.25 5.62 2.8 1.4 0.7 MIC values
(mg/ mL)
Adiantum venustum B-1 - - - - - + + + 5.62
R-WC - - - - + + + + 11.25
SA-1 - - - - + + + + 11.25
P-WC - - - - + + + + 11.25
SH-1 - - - + + + + + 22.5
P-YC - - - + + + + + 22.5
T-1 - - - + + + + + 22.5
J-1 - - - + + + + + 22.5
K-1 - - - - + + + + 11.25
DIM - - - + + + + + 22.5
K-1 - - + + + + + + 45.0
R-1 - - - - + + + + 11.25
MIC values show high antibacterial activity of the Adiantum venustum extract.
STEP 5
The present invention when used by volunteers on the acne prone area(s) on skin twice a day, there was substantial reduction of papule on the skin and inflammation was also reduced (Figure 1).
Having thus described the invention in rather full detail, it will be understood that such details need not be strictly adhered to, but the changes and modifications may suggest themselves to one skilled in the art, all falling within the scope of the invention as recited by the claims that follows.
It will be appreciated that variations of the above disclosed and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may be desirably combined into many other different systems or applications. Also, various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art which are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims.

Although embodiments of the current disclosure have been described comprehensively in considerable detail to cover the possible aspects, those skilled in the art would recognize that other versions of the disclosure are also possible.