FORMULATIONS
This invention relates to the use of certain alkylene glycol benzoate compounds as
solvents, especially in formulations, particularly in agrochemical formulations and in
environmentally friendly formulations; and to certain novel compounds. The solvents of the
present invention are found to be particularly effective when solubilising pesticides of the
families strobilurins, triazoles and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI) (particularly
pyrazoles; suitably pyrazam chemistry).
Nowadays, the Formulation Chemist is required to address a number of environmental
criteria when developing new formulations. Ideally, a suitable solvent will display many or all
of the following properties: an excellent dissolving power for pesticides or other organic
molecules; made from plant or animal renewable resources; low skin irritation; low
ecotoxicity, for example to daphnia; low volatile organic content; and a high flash point. The
compounds of the present invention each display all or many of these properties, in particular
an excellent dissolving power; the compounds may be used effectively as solvents.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a formulation comprising a compound of
formula (I)
where R1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl; R2 is methyl or ethyl; R is hydrogen,
methyl or ethyl; and n is 1, 2 or 3.
Propyl and butyl groups are straight or branched chains. Examples are -propyl,
n-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-b y .
Suitably R1 is H.
Suitably R2 is methyl.
Suitably R3 is H.
Suitably n is 1.
Suitably the invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I) in an
agrochemical formulation.
The compounds of the present invention may be used as solvents.
Many of the compounds disclosed by the present invention are novel.
Therefore in a further aspect, the present invention provides a compound of formula
(I) as defined above; provided that the compound is not 2-hydroxypropyl benzoate,
2-hydroxy-l-methylethyl benzoate, 1,2 butanediol -2-benzoate, 1,2 butanedio1-1 -benzoate or
1-propanol-2(2-hydroxypropoxy)- 1-benzoate.
Table 1 provides structures and certain spectroscopic data for suitable compounds of
formula (I):
Table 1
The compounds of the present invention are easy to prepare; for instance, a glycol
ether is reacted with an aromatic compound with a suitable leaving group, for example
benzoyl chloride.
The compounds of the invention may be used in a variety of end use applications
(including agrochemical formulations), particularly as solvents. These solvents may be used
with a wide variety of materials, including herbicides, fungicides, acaricides, nematicides and
insecticides [and also plant growth regulators].
The present invention encompasses all isomers, or mixtures of isomers, of compounds
of formula (I) and also encompasses mixtures of two or more different compounds of formula
(I)-
The compounds of the invention may be used to formulate solutions of a variety of
materials, including agrochemicals, which may be formulated as emulsion or dispersion
concentrates, emulsions in water or oil, microencapsulated formulations, aerosol sprays or
fogging formulations; and these may be further formulated into granular materials or powders,
for example for dry application or as water-dispersible formulations. The solutions so formed
may also be used directly on soil or plants or in other non-agrochemical applications.
Examples of such applications include paper making, water treatment, forestry
applications, public health treatments, use in municipal pools and other water courses, in
applications near rivers, lakes, reservoirs or seas and in applications where release to the
atmosphere has to be minimised or controlled and where damage to the atmosphere is not
desirable. Examples include use in exterior and interior paints, coatings, varnishes, waxes or
other protectant layers or opacifiers, colourants or screens; in dyeing, pigmentation or the use
of inks; in cleaning products designed for the home, garden or industrial applications; and in
soap or detergent applications for industrial, home or environmental usage. The compounds
of the present invention may also be used in shampoos, household detergency and in
household cleaners [for example oven cleaners and surface cleaners].
The compounds of the present invention have exceptional dissolving power for a wide
variety of agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and other commercially valuable compounds, plus
the dissolving power also extends to dissolution of dirt, grease or waxes.
The invention is illustrated by the following Examples in which:
g = grammes °C = degrees centigrade
Unless otherwise stated, each concentration is expressed as percentage by weight.
The solvents of the present invention are particularly effective when solubilising
pesticides belonging to the families: strobilurins, triazoles and succinate dehydrogenase
inhibitors (SDHI) (particularly pyrazoles; suitably pyrazam chemistry). This fact is
demonstrated in the examples where it is shown that the solubility of the pesticides
azoxystrobin, difenoconazole and isopyrazam are higher in the solvent propylene glycol
benzoate than in a series of commonly used solvents. Surprisingly the solubility of cyprodinil,
chlorothalonil and bicyclopyrone in propylene glycol benzoate is lower than in the same series
of common solvents. Solubilities are quoted as percentage w/w at 20°C.
EXAMPLE 1
This Example illustrates the high solubility of each of a number of agrochemical active
ingredients in solvents of the present invention [compounds 1 and 2 of Table 1].
A glass vial was approximately one eighth filled with an active ingredient [AI] and
then solvent [in this example, propylene glycol benzoate or butylene glycol benzoate] was
added until the vial was approximately one third full. The resultant sample was mixed with a
WhMimixer™ and was then stored at 25°C. The sample was checked every few days; if there
was no solid active ingredient present then additional active ingredient was added; if there
was no liquid remaining then additional solvent was added. This procedure was repeated until
the sample had equilibrated for 4 weeks following the final addition of either active ingredient
or solvent. The supematent liquid layer was then analysed by gas chromotography for active
ingredient concentration; the results are given in Table 2 :
Table 2
EXAMPLE 2
This Example shows that the solvents of the present invention are particularly
effective when solubilising pesticides belonging to the families: strobilurins, triazoles and
succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI) (particularly pyrazoles; suitably pyrazam
chemistry). Tables 3a and 3b show the solubility of the pesticides azoxystrobin,
difenoconazole, isopyrazam, cyprodinil, chlorothalonil and bicyclopyrone in the solvent
propyle glycol benzoate [compound 1 of Table 1]. For comparison the solubilities in a series
of commonly used solvents are also tabulated. The data show that in most cases the
propylene glycol benzoate is a better solvent for the first three pesticides (respectively a
triazole, an SDHI and a strobilurin,) than are the other common solvents. Solubilities are
quoted as percentage w/w at 20°C.
Table 3a
Solvent Difenoconazole Isopyrazam Azoxystrobin
Propylene glycol benzoate 50.5 12.7 5.5
n-Butylbenzoate 29.4 7.6 4.0
Solvesso™ 100 ND/ULN 37.8 0.0 1.7
Solvesso™ 200 ND/ULN 37.7 5.8 5.6
Dowanol™ PnB 34.4 8.8 1.3
Isobornyl acetate 24.9 6.8 1.6
Benzoflex™ 9-88 19.8 6.3 4.2
Butyl lactate 47.1 16.5 4.6
Dowanol™ PGDA 34.1 6.9 9.4
Benzyl acetone 44.9 12.6 14.1
Benzyl acetate 46.0 8.9 13.8
Triacetin 22.3 4.3 6.4
Table 3b
Solvent Cyprodinil Bicyclopyrone Chlorothalonil
Propylene glycol benzoate 18.4 27.4 1.3
n-Butylbenzo ate 35.5 45.6 2.3
Solvesso™ 100 ND/ULN 31.1 52.3 7.1
Solvesso™ 200 ND/ULN 34.4 50.7 9.6
Dowanol™ PnB 41.7 32.0 0.2
Isobornyl acetate 32.8 38.4 0.5
Benzoflex™ 9-88 22.6 23.2 1.9
Butyl lactate 52.5 48.6 0.4
Dowanol™ PGDA 31.3 38.3 0.6
Benzyl acetone 39.6 53.0 2.8
Benzyl acetate 36.8 55.5 2.0
Triacetin 18.9 33.3 0.4
CLAIMS
1. A formulation comprising a compound of formula (I)
where R1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl; R2 is methyl or ethyl; R is
hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; and n is 1, 2 or 3.
2. A formulation as claimed in claim 1 where R1 is hydrogen.
3. A formulation as claimed in claim 1 or 2 where R is hydrogen.
4. A formulation as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 where n is 1.
5. A formulation as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 where the formulation is an emulsifiable
concentrate or an emulsion.
6. A formulation as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 where the formulation further
comprises an agrochemical.
7. A formulation as claimed in claim 6 where the agrochemical is a strobilurin, a triazole or
a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor.
8. A formulation as claimed in claim 7 where the agrochemical is azoxystrobin,
difenoconazole or isopyrazam.
where R1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl; R2 is methyl or ethyl; R is
hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; and n is 1, 2 or 3; provided that the compound is not
2-hydroxypropyl benzoate, 2-hydroxy-l-methylethyl benzoate, 1,2 butanediol -2-
benzoate, 1,2 butanediol- 1-benzoate or l-propanol-2(2-hydroxypropoxy)-l -benzoate.
10. A compound of formula (I) as claimed in claim 9 where R1 is hydrogen.
11. A compound of formula (I) as claimed in claim 9 or 10 where R is hydrogen.
12. A compound of formula (I) as claimed in claim 9, 10 or 11 where n is 1.
13. A compound of formula (I) as claimed in claim 9, 10, 11 or 12 where R2 is methyl.