FORM - 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
The Patents Rules, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See Section 10 and Rule 13)


FROZEN CONFECTION
HINDUSTAN UNILEVER LIMITED, a company incorporated under the Indian Companies Act, 1913 and having its registered office at Hindustan Lever House, 165/166, Backbay Reclamation, Mumbai -400 020, Maharashtra, India

The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed


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FROZEN CONFECTION
Technical Field of the invention
5 The present invention relates to frozen confections. In particular the present invention relates to frozen confections in containers suitable for scooping, for example in ice cream parlours.
Background of the Invention
10
Frozen confections comprising inclusions, such as "choc chip" ice cream, are well known and popular. Typically such confections will be served from a container by scooping. Unfortunately, however, it may occur with conventional confections that the inclusions are unevenly distributed within the container. This results in scoops which have significantly
15 more inclusions than other scoops from the same container. On the other hand customers often find the disordered and "hand made" appearance of randomly distributed inclusions appealing.
Thus there is a need to provide a frozen confection in container, which can be scooped 20 out of the container and each scoop of the container comprises more or less the same amount of inclusions.
US 6,514,555 (Nestec S.A.) discloses the manufacture of composite articles of frozen confectionery containing inclusions by forming extrusions of a central filling surrounded by 25 a sleeve of frozen composition using a specific extrusion process which involves coiling up the extrusion or folding it on itself. However, the coiling up or folding of the extrusion may still result in a degree of uneven distribution of inclusions in the container.
We have now found that it is possible to address the aforementioned need by providing a 30 frozen confection in a container having a specific layered structure.
35

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Brief Description of the Invention
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a frozen confection having arranged layers of inclusion material and confection material in a container, wherein the container 5 has an opening suitable for scooping, characterized in that the layers extend away from the opening.
Such an arrangement is found to allow for the serving of scooped portions comprising randomly distributed inclusions and where each scoop of the container comprises more 10 or less the same amount of inclusions.
There is no limit to the number of layers. Typically, however, the confection will comprise a least 2 layers of inclusion material interleaved with layers of confection material, more preferably at least 4 and most preferably from 6 to 50. In a most preferred embodiment, 15 the confection comprises at least 2 layers of inclusion material per 5 cm of the width of the container as this ensures a good amount of inclusions per scoop. More preferably there are from 3 to 10 layers of inclusion per 5 cm.
Typically the opening will be at the top of the container and the layers will extend 20 vertically.
The layers of the frozen confection need not be perfectly planar. In fact it is possible that each layer (confection material layers and inclusion layers) has a different shape from the others. In general, however, the layers will have approximately the same configuration 25 and will at least have approximately the same dimensions and be aligned in the same direction.
It is also not mandatory that the layers are continuous. It can happen (especially if the layers are very thin) that some holes or imperfections can be present. It is, however, 30 preferred that each layer is in one piece.
We have found that it is advantageous to provide the layers with a wavelike shape as this increases the distribution of inclusion material in a direction other than away from the opening. For example, if the opening is at the top of the container then the wavelike form 35 of the layers increases the spread of inclusion material in a horizontal direction.

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To maximize the distribution of inclusions within the container it is preferable that the layers extend away from the opening for substantially the whole of the container. Thus it is preferred that where the container has an end-wall opposite the opening that the layers extend for substantially the whole distance between the opening and the end wall. Where 5 the opening is at the top of the container, this will mean that the layers extend for substantially the whole height of the container.
Also in order to maximize the distribution of inclusions within the container it is preferable that the layers are arranged for at least the whole width of the opening. More preferably
10 the layers are arranged for the whole width of the container. Thus for a container having a side wall extending away from the opening, the side wall comprising at least two opposing faces, the layers preferably extend substantially parallel to the two faces, and more preferably the layers are arranged for substantially the whole distance between the two faces.
15
In order to provide for easy disruption of the layers of inclusion material on scooping, it is preferable that the layers of inclusion material have a thickness of less than 2 mm. Suitably the layers of inclusion material are 0.5 - 1.5 mm thick. The thickness of one single layer need not be identical over the length of the layer. But preferably the thickness
20 does not vary substantially over the length of a layer. The thickness of the different layers in the frozen confection can vary, especially in the case that different inclusion materials are used.
Although the inclusion material may be any inclusion material typically used in frozen
25 confections (such as chocolate, chocolate-flavoured couverture, fruit puree, caramel,
honey, nougat, praline, sauce or a mixture thereof) it is particularly preferred that the
inclusion material is a crispy composition as this aids disruption on scooping. "Crispy
composition" refers to the texture of the inclusion material when frozen. The crispy
composition may be fat-based or water-based. The fat may be a vegetable butter, such
30 as cocoa butter, a cocoa butter substitute or equivalent, more particularly a fat-based
couverture of the type commonly used in confectionery. It may also be, a water-based or
sugar-containing composition, such as a syrup or sauce or cooked sugar. A fat-based,
water-based or sugar-containing composition may contain flavourings or colourants. Most
preferred are fat-based compositions which have a solidification point above 0°C, more
35 preferably above 10°C. The solidification point should not be too high, however, otherwise

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the inclusion material may not be sufficiently flowable to extrude at a temperature compatible with frozen confection manufacture. Therefore it is preferred that the solidification point is below 60°C, more preferably below 40°C and most preferably below 30°C. 5
The confection material may be any material typical of frozen confections such as ice cream, fat-free ice cream, sorbet, frozen yogurt or a mixture thereof. Preferably the confection material is aerated as this aids in texture contrast with the inclusion material.
10 The thickness of the confection material layer is typically much thicker than the inclusion layer. This ensures that the amount of inclusions in each scoop is not too high. Typically the thickness of the confection material layers is at least 0.5 cm, more preferably from 1 to 5 cm.
15 The size of the container is not critical for the present invention, provided that it has an opening suitable for access to a scoop. The size of the container can be adapted for domestic use or catering use (e.g. in restaurants, ice cream parlours etc). The volumetric capacity of the containers can range from about 0.2 to 2 litres for domestic use up to about 1 to 10 litres for non-domestic use.
20
The container can be made from any material suitable for a container which comprises frozen confections. Suitable materials are, for example, metals or plastic material. The container can have any shape. A suitable shape is, for example, approximately cuboid with the top face of the cuboid being absent and thus forming the opening.
25
In a further aspect, the present invention provides a method for serving a portion of frozen confection, the method comprising:
providing a frozen confection as described above; and
scooping a portion from the frozen confection, thereby disrupting the layers of
30 inclusion material to produce a random pattern of inclusion material in the portion.
Preferably, the scooped portion is placed in an edible receptacle such as a wafer cone.

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The confection of the present invention can be manufactured in any suitable manner. However, typically the process will involve extruding parallel streams of confection material and flowable inclusion material into the container.
5 In a further aspect still, the present invention provides a preferred process for the production of the frozen confection, the process comprising:
providing a container having an opening suitable for scooping;
extruding a plurality of streams of confection material into the container, each
stream being extruded from an outlet; and
10 - extruding a plurality of streams of flowable inclusion material into the container
between the streams of confection material, each stream being extruded from an outlet; wherein during extrusion of the confection material and flowable inclusion material the outlets are within the container and are moved towards the opening thereby to form 15 arranged layers of confection material and inclusion material extending away from the opening.
Preferably the streams are extruded for substantially the whole height of the container. Thus, where the container comprises an end wall opposite the opening it is preferred that 20 during extrusion of the confection material and flowable inclusion material the outlets are moved from the end wall to the opening.
The feature of moving the outlets towards the opening encompasses the possibility that the outlets remain static and the container is moved in order to change its position relative 25 to the outlets. Typically the opening will be at the top of the container, the extrusion will be vertically downwards and the movement of the outlets vertically upwards.
The streams are typically extruded simultaneously into the container.
30 To obtain wave shape layers it is possible to oscillate the container and/or the outlets, for example in a direction orthogonal to the extrusion direction. However, we have found that such movement of the outlets is not necessary and that waveshaped extrusions can be formed by controlling the flow rates and viscosities of the streams. The viscosity of the confection material is particularly suitable when the extrusion temperature of the
35 confection material is between -4°C to -7°C, more preferably about -6°C. Similarly, when

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the inclusion material is a fatty material such as chocolate, the viscosity of the inclusion material is particularly suitable when the extrusion temperature of the inclusion material is at least 10°C above the solidification temperature, more preferably at least 15°C above the solidification point. The extrusion temperature of the inclusion material should not be 5 too high, however, otherwise it melts the ice cream before the layer structure has time to solidify. Thus it is preferred that the extrusion temperature of the inclusion material is less than 70°C, more preferably less than 60°C and optimally from 30 to 50°C.
Preferably both the extrusion of the streams and movement of the outlets are continuous 10 as this ensures even distribution of the inclusion material.
To provide for long, thin layers it is preferred that each outlet comprises a die having a shape with an aspect ratio greater than 1, more preferably from 2 to 1000. A preferred shape for the dies is rectangular. As used herein, the term "aspect ratio" refers to the ratio
15 of the length to the width of the die orifice, wherein the length is defined as the longest dimension of the orifice which is orthogonal to the extrusion direction and the width is defined as the shortest dimension of the orifice which is orthogonal to both the extrusion direction and the length. Thus a circular orifice has an aspect ratio of 1 and a rectangular orifice with sides of 1 mm and 1 cm has an aspect ratio of 10.
20
The process may comprise the additional step of mechanically disrupting the layers of inclusion material to produce a random pattern of inclusion material. For example the frozen confection may be subject to additional shear.
25 The frozen confection is preferably hardened for stable storage and distribution. Thus the process preferably comprises the additional step of cooling the confection to a temperature below -18°C, more preferably to a temperature of from -20 to -40°C.
In a yet further aspect, the present invention provides a preferred apparatus for preparing 30 the frozen confection, the apparatus comprising:
a first series of outlets disposed to extrude a plurality of parallel streams of
confection material in an extrusion direction;
a second series of outtets interspersed between the first series and
disposed to extrude a plurality of parallel streams of flowable inclusion
35 material in the extrusion direction;

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a first feeder means for supplying confection material to the first series of outlets;
a second feeder means for supplying flowable inclusion material to the
second series of outlets; and
5 - a drive means for translating the outlets in a direction opposite to the
extrusion direction.
Preferably, the apparatus additionally comprises a container arranged to receive the streams of confection material and flowable inclusion material. Preferably the container is
10 sized such that the outlets fit within the container. Preferably also the container has a length and a width in orthogonal directions to the extrusion direction and wherein the container is sized such that the outlets are disposed over substantially the whole length and width of the container as this allows for filling of the streams with minimum spreading of the layers formed by the extruded streams.
15
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the drawings in which: 20
Fig 1: shows a plan (bottom) view of the outlets of an apparatus according to the invention.
Fig. 2: shows a vertical section along the line A-A of Fig. 1. 25
Fig. 3: shows a vertical section through the outlets of an apparatus according to the invention during filling of a container.
Fig. 4: shows a plan (top) view of a frozen confection according to the invention. 30
Fig. 5: shows a vertical section along the line B-B of Fig. 5.
35

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Figs 1 and 2 show the outlets of an apparatus according to the invention. In this embodiment there are 9 outlets (1) for frozen confection material and 8 outlets (2) for inclusion material, although the precise number of outlets is not critical. The outlets each terminate in rectangular die (see Fig. 1) with a high aspect ratio such that material 5 extruded from an outlet is produced in a long, thin stream. The length (3) of each outlet is only slightly smaller than the length of the container to be described below. Furthermore, the number of outlets is selected to be such that the outlets are disposed over substantially the whole width of the container. The dies of the outlets (2) for inclusion material are substantially thinner than the outlets (1) those of the for frozen confection 10 material to allow for the extrusion of thinner streams of inclusion material.
Fig 3 illustrates a process according to the invention employing the outlets illustrated in Figs 1 and 2. The outlets (1, 2) are placed within a container (10). The container comprises an opening (11) at the top opposing an end wall (12) at the bottom. The
15 container (10) is approximately cuboid in shape and thus extending between the opening (11) and the end wall (12) is a side wall (13). The side wall comprises four faces, each opposing one other face. Two opposing faces (13a, 13b) are shown in Fig. 3. At the start of the process, the dies of the outlets (1, 2) are located near the end wall (12) of the container (10). Frozen confection material (4), such as ice cream is then supplied to the
20 outlets (1) for frozen confection material by a feeder means, such as an ice cream freezer (not shown). Simultaneously, inclusion material (5) is supplied in a flowable state to the outlets (2) for frozen inclusion material by a feeder means (not shown). The confection material (4) and inclusion material (5) are then extruded as parallel streams from the respective outlets (1, 2) in a downward direction (100). As extrusion progresses and the
25 container (10) is filled, a drive means (not shown) translates the outlets (1, 2) in an upward direction (200). The materials are extruded as wave-like streams owing to the selected flow rate and viscosity of the materials. Once the outlets (1, 2) pass the opening (11), the supply of material to the outlets (1, 2) is stopped.
30 The final frozen confection is shown in Figs 4 and 5. As can be seen, the frozen confection comprises arranged layers of inclusion material (5) and confection material (4) in a container (10), wherein the container (10) has an opening (11) suitable for scooping, and wherein the layers extend away from the opening (11) and have a wavelike shape (see Fig. 5). Also seen in Fig, 5 is that the layers extend for substantially the whole
35 distance between the opening (11) and the end wall (12). The layers are arranged for the

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whole width of the opening (11) and because the opening (11) extends for the width of the container, the layers are arranged for substantially the whole distance between two of the opposing faces (13a, 13b), whilst extending substantially parallel to the two faces (13a, 13b). 5
In use, an ice cream scoop is inserted through the opening (11) and contacted with the confection. Typically the scoop will be drawn through the confection in a direction between two of the opposing faces (for example from face 13a to face 13b). As a result the layers are disrupted and an apparently random pattern of inclusion material is 10 produced in the portion.
Example
A frozen confection was produced substantially as described in the foregoing detailed 15 description except the number of outlets (1) for confection material was 8 and the number of outlets (2) for inclusion material was 7. The confection material was aerated ice cream extruded at a temperature of -6°C and the inclusion material was chocolate couverture with a sucrose content of around 32% by weight and a fat content of around 59% by weight. The couverture had a solidification temperature of around 20°C and was extruded 20 at 40°C, wherein it had a viscosity of 60 to 120 centipoise.
A section through the resulting frozen confection was cut to reveal that the confection comprised vertical layers of ice cream and coliverture with a wavelike appearance. Upon scooping the confection produced portions wherein the couveture had the form of 25 apparently randomly dispersed pieces.

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Claims
1. A frozen confection having arranged layers of inclusion material and confection
material in a container, wherein the container has an opening suitable for scooping,
5 characterized in that the layers extend away from the opening.
2. A frozen confection according to claim 1, wherein the layers have a wavelike shape.
3. A frozen confection according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the container has an
10 end-wall opposite the opening and wherein the layers extend for substantially the
whole distance between the opening and the end wall.
4. A frozen confection according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the layers
are arranged for the whole width of the opening.
15
5. A frozen confection according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the
container has a side wall extending away from the opening, the side wall comprising
at least two opposing faces and wherein the layers extend substantially parallel to
the two faces.
20
6. A frozen confection according to claim 5 wherein the layers are arranged for
substantially the whole distance between the two faces.
7. A frozen confection according to any of the preceding claims, wherein each layer of
25 inclusion material has a thickness of less than 2 mm.
8. A frozen confection according to claim 7 wherein each layer of inclusion material is
0.5- 1.5 mm thick.
30 9. A frozen confection according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the inclusion material is a crispy composition.
10. A frozen confection according to claim 9 wherein the inclusion material is a fat-based composition such as chocolate. 35

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11. A frozen confection according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the confection material is ice cream, fat-free ice cream, sorbet, frozen yogurt or a mixture thereof.
5 12. A method for serving a portion of frozen confection, the method comprising:
- providing a frozen confection according to any one of the preceding claims; and
- scooping a portion from the frozen confection, thereby disrupting the layers of inclusion material to produce a random pattern of inclusion material in the
10 portion.
13. A process for the production of a frozen confection, the process comprising:
- providing a container having an opening suitable for scooping;
- extruding a plurality of streams of confection material into the container, each
15 stream being extruded from an outlet; and
- extruding a plurality of streams of flowable inclusion material into the
container between the streams of confection material, each stream being
extruded from an outlet;
wherein during extrusion of the confection material and flowable inclusion
20 material the outlets are within the container and are moved towards the opening
thereby to form arranged layers of confection material and inclusion material extending away from the opening.
14. A process according to claim 13 wherein the container comprises an end wall
25 opposite the opening and wherein during extrusion of the confection material and
flowable inclusion material the outlets are moved from the end wall to the opening.
15. A process according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the extrusion temperature of the
confection material is between -4°C to -7°C.
30
16. A process according to any of claims 13 to 15 wherein the process comprises the
additional step of mechanically disrupting the layers of inclusion material to produce
a random pattern of inclusion material.
35

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17. An apparatus for preparing a frozen confection, the apparatus comprising:
- a first series of outlets disposed to extrude a plurality of parallel streams of
confection material in an extrusion direction;
a second series of outlets interspersed between the first series and disposed
to extrude a plurality of parallel streams of flowable inclusion material in the
extrusion direction;
a first feeder means for supplying confection material to the first series of
outlets;
- a second feeder means for supplying flowable inclusion material to the second series of outlets; and
- a drive means for translating the outlets in a direction opposite to the extrusion direction.

18. An apparatus according to claim 17 wherein the apparatus additionally comprises a container arranged to receive the streams of confection material and flowable inclusion material.
19. An apparatus according to claim 18 wherein the container is sized such that the outlets fit within the container.
20. An apparatus according to claim 19 wherein the container has a length and a width in orthogonal directions to the extrusion direction and wherein the container is sized such that the outlets are disposed over substantially the whole length and width of the container.
Dated this 19th day of June 2008
HINDUSTAN UNILEVER LIMITED
(S. Venkatramani) Senior Patents Manager