FORM -2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 (39 OF 1970)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
(SEC- 10, RULE 13)


" FUEL GRADE BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FORM PAOSOPIS SP. AND CASSIA SP. POD.
ABELLON CLEANENERGY LIMITED,
A Company Incorporated under the
Indian Companies Act,
having its address at, 3rd Floor, Sangeeta
Complex, Nr.Parimal Crossing, Ellisbridge,
Ahmedabad-380 006, Gujarat State, India,

1

The following specification particularly describes the invention:
Background of the invention
The Govt, of India Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, 'Gasohol Program' of blending 5% ethanol in petrol has given an assured scope for ethanol industry in the country. For 5% blend in gasoline, requirement on all India basis is 500 million liters per annum (http://www.ethanolindia.net/ethanol_demand.htm). The present invention relates to production of Ethanol from Prosopis julfora pod, and Cassia fistula pod. Ethanol fuel is ethanol (ethyl alcohol), the same type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. It can be used as a fuel, mainly as a biofuel alternative to gasoline. Anhydrous ethanol (ethanol with less than 1% water) can be blended with gasoline in varying quantities up to pure ethanol (E100), and most modern gasoline engines will operate well with mixtures of 10% ethanol (E10).
Ethanol can be mass-produced by fermentation of sugar or by hydration of ethylene (ethene CH2=CH2) from petroleum and other sources. Current interest in ethanol mainly lies in bio-ethanol, produced from the starch or sugar in a wide variety of crops (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol_fuel, visited on 12th May 2009).
Corn, sweet sorghum, sugar beet, sugarcane and cassava are among the several alternative sources of plant materials from which bioethanol is produced today. Ethanol or ethyl alcohol is a clear colourless liquid, biodegradable, low in toxicity and causes very little environmental pollution when burnt. Ethanol is a high octane fuel and has replaced lead as an octane enhancer in petrol. With an octane rating of 129, compared to about 91 for fossil-petrol, engines fired on ethanol can run at a much higher compression ratio without the octane-

boosting additives. Bioethanol-blended fuel burns more completely because the ethanol molecule contains oxygen the result, carbon-dioxide and carbon-monoxide emissions can be reduced by nearly 90% as compared to engines run exclusively on fossil-fuels. Vehicle engines require no modifications to run on 10 % blends of bioethanol (E10) nor are vehicle warranties affected either. Flexible fuel vehicles can run on 85% ethanol and 15% petrol blends (E85) (http://www.archeangroup.com/greenergy/bioethanol.html,).
Prosopis juliflora is an evergreen tree. In the United States of America, it is well known as mesquite. It is fast growing, nitrogen-fixing, and tolerant to arid conditions and saline soils. In some circumstances, Prosopis juliflora can provide a variety of valuable goods and services: fuelwood, charcoal, animal feed, construction materials, soil conservation and rehabilitation of degraded and saline soils. In the dry lands of India, Prosopis juliflora is considered one of the most valuable tree species. (Esther Mwangi and Brent Swallow, Conservation and Society 6(2): 130-140, 2008).
Cassia fistula Linn (Caesalpinaceae) tree is one of the most widespread in the forests of India, usually occurring in deciduous forests ( Raju etal. Afr. J. Trad. CAM (2005) 2 (1): 70 -85).
It is desirable to produced bioethanol from a sugary fruit pulp of Prosopis ju/fora, and Cassia fistula for use as a liquid fuel.

Object of the Invention
The main object of the present invention is to produce fuel grade bioethanol, from fermentation of sugary fruit pulp of Prosopis julfora, and Cassia fistula by suitable micro organism such as but not limited to yeast. The yeast could be any suitable alcohol producing strain such as but not limited to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe or indigenous yeast present in Prosopis pod.
Further object of the invention is to produced bioethanol, a liquid fuel, which is used in blending with petrol and used in transport sector.
Detail Description of invention
In the present invention production of bioethanol as liquid bio-fuel is done from sugary pulp from fruit pod of Prosopis julfora and Cassia fistula.
Prosopis is a genus of about 45 species of leguminous spiny trees and shrubs found in subtropical and tropical regions of the Americas, Africa and southwest Asia. They often thrive in arid soil and are resistant to droughts, on occasion developing extremely deep root systems. Their wood is usually hard, dense and durable. Their fruits are pods and may contain large amounts of sugar (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopis, visited on 13th May 2009).
Prosopis juliflora is a.shrub or small tree native to Mexico, South America and the Caribbean. It has become established as a weed in Asia, Australia and elsewhere. Its uses include forage, wood and environmental management. The tree grows to a height of up to 12 meters (39 ft) and has a trunk with a diameter of up to 1.2 meters (3.9 ft).[2] It's known to hold

the record for depth of penetration by roots. Prosopis juliflora is a well-known plant in its native range as well as in India (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopisjuliflora, visited on 13th May 2009)
The Golden Shower Tree (Cassia fistula) is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to southern Asia. Cassia fistula is widely grown as an ornamental plant in tropical and subtropical areas. It blooms in late spring (May on the northern, November on the southern hemisphere);-flowering is profuse, with trees being covered with yellow flora, with almost no leaf being seen (http://en.wikipedia.org, visited on 13th may 2009).
The edible fruit tissue of the Indian laburnum fruit was reported to be a rich source of potassium, calcium, iron and manganese than fruits like apple, apricot, peach, pear and orange (Barthakur et al., 1995). The same authors reported 15.3, 13 and 7.8% of aspartic acid, glutamic acis and lysine of the total amino acid, respectively, in the pulp. The protein ( 19.94 %) and carbohydrate ( 26.30 %) contents are indicative of the potential of the fruits to be an important source of nutrients and energy (Theeshan Bahorun etal, African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (13), pp. 1530-1540, December 2005).
In the present invention whole pod of Prosopis and Cassia species such as but not limited to Prosopis julifora, Prosopis cineraria, Prosopi chinensis, Prosopis glandulosa, Prosopis velutina, Cassia fistula. Pod powder, mesocarp of the pod after separation from whole pod, water extract of pod powder or water extract of mesocarp is used for production of bioethanol.

The embodiment of the invention are directed to use of ripe pod, either freshly collected or stored, processed, unprocessed, including all wild, cultivated, sub-varieties, cultivars, hybrids and genetically modified species of Prosopis and Cassia.
Another embodiment of the invention is to produce bioethanol by either solid state fermentation or submerged fermentation carried out in batch, fed batch, or continuous mode.
Further such embodiment of the invention is to separate fermented pod to recover liquid fraction containing ethanol and solid residue as wet mass by suitable separation method such as filtration or centrifugation. Ethanol present in liquid fraction is further concentrated by distillation.

Dated this 3rd Day of June, 2009.
To,
The Controller of Patents
The Patent Office,
Mumbai.