Functionalization of foreign substances in the Lvocell process

The invention relates to a method for producing a regenerated

cellulosic molding and a use.

Viscose fibers are chemical fibers or regenerated fibers that are produced using a wet spinning process called viscose. The starting raw material of the viscose process is cellulose, which is provided on the basis of wood. The high-purity cellulose in the form of chemical pulp is obtained from this raw material, wood. In

In successive process stages, the pulp is first treated with caustic soda, which forms alkali cellulose. In a subsequent

The reaction of this alkali cellulose with carbon disulfide forms cellulose xanthate. From this, the viscose spinning solution is generated by adding more sodium hydroxide solution, which is then fed into a spinneret through the holes of shower-like spinnerets

Spinning bath is pumped. A viscose filament is created there by coagulation per spinneret hole. The viscose filaments produced in this way are then cut into viscose staple fibers.

Lyocell is the name of a type of regenerated fiber containing cellulose that is produced using a direct solvent process. The cellulose is extracted from the raw material wood for the Lyocell process. The pulp obtained in this way can then be dissolved in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO), a solvent, by removing water without chemical modification, filtered and

are then pressed through spinnerets. The filaments formed in this way are precipitated after passing through an air gap in a bath with aqueous NMMO solution and then cut into staple fibers.

The residue-free removal of foreign matter is time-consuming both in the lyocell process and in the viscose process.

It is an object of the present invention to produce cellulose products with flexibly adjustable functionality in an efficient manner.

This task is carried out by the subjects according to the independent

Patent claims solved. Preferred refinements result from the dependent claims.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for producing a regenerated cellulosic molding is created, the method comprising supplying a starting material comprising cellulose and at least one foreign substance, transferring at least part of the

Starting material with at least part of the at least one foreign substance in a spinning mass, which additionally contains a solvent for dissolving at least part of the cellulose of the starting material in the solvent, and extruding the spinning mass to form the molded body and subsequent precipitation in a spinning bath (or coagulation bath ), whereby the shaped body is obtained, wherein the shaped body comprises cellulose and at least part of the at least one foreign substance.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for producing a molded body containing cellulose is created, with the method being supplied with a starting material comprising cellulose and at least one (in particular non-cellulosic) foreign substance, at least part of the starting material with at least part of the at least one

Foreign substance is transferred into a solvent in order to thereby dissolve at least part of the cellulose of the starting material in the solvent (in particular directly) (in particular by removing water without chemical modification), and then at least part of the cellulose is precipitated by diluting the at least partially dissolved starting material , whereby the shaped body (for example a fleece or nonwoven) or a preform of the shaped body is obtained, the shaped body or preform having cellulose and at least part of the at least one foreign substance (in particular for providing a function of the shaped body or the preform) of the starting material .

According to another exemplary embodiment, a starting material containing cellulose and at least one foreign substance is used for producing a shaped body by means of the Lyocell process, the shaped body containing cellulose and at least part of the at least one foreign substance.

In the context of this application, the term “cellulose” can be understood in particular as an organic compound which is a component of plant cell walls or which can be produced synthetically. Cellulose is a

Polysaccharide (i.e. a polysaccharide). Cellulose is unbranched and typically has several hundred to tens of thousands of ß-D-glucose molecules (ß-1,4-glycosidic bond) or cellobiose units. Plants build cellulose fibers from cellulose molecules in a controlled manner. With a

technical process can form cellulose molecules

Regenerated fibers are stored together, for example as tear-resistant fibers.

In the context of this application, the term "molding"

in particular a two- or three-dimensional geometric body can be understood which is a result of a method for producing or recovering cellulose. In particular, a shaped body can be understood to mean a two- or three-dimensional object which has or consists of cellulose and is produced from dissolved cellulose. Shaped bodies can in particular be Lyocell shaped bodies, viscose shaped bodies or Modal shaped bodies. Typical molded bodies are filaments, fibers, sponges and / or films. In principle, all types of cellulose moldings are suitable for

Embodiments of the invention. Both as fibers

Endless filaments as well as cut staple fibers with conventional

Dimensions (for example, 38 mm length) and short fibers to be understood. Both methods are used for the production of fibers

Extraction devices after one or more extrusion nozzles as well as other processes, such as in particular melt-blowing processes, are possible. As an alternative to fibers, a cellulose-containing film can also be produced as the shaped body, ie a flat and essentially homogeneous film with or from cellulose. Foils can in particular be produced by setting the process parameters of a Lyocell process, at least in part, to initiate coagulation only after the filaments have hit a receiving surface. Films can be understood to mean flat cellulose molded bodies, the thickness of these films being adjustable (for example by selecting a number of serially arranged nozzle bars). Other embodiments of a molded body are a woven fabric and a fleece made of cellulose filaments or

Cellulose filaments ("melt blown"). Here, under a fabric

in particular a textile fabric made of at least two (preferably at right angles or almost at right angles) crossed thread systems (or

Fiber systems) are understood, with threads (or fibers) in the longitudinal direction as warp threads and threads (or fibers) in the transverse direction as weft threads

can be designated. A fleece or nonwoven can be referred to as a disordered structure (in particular in a random layer) made of filaments or fibers or cut yarns of limited length, which form a

Fiber layer or a fiber pile joined together and (in particular

frictionally) are connected to each other. A shaped body can also be created in the shape of a sphere. Particles containing cellulose, such as, in particular, beads (i.e. a granulate or spheres) or flakes, which can be further processed in this form, can also be provided as shaped bodies. Possible cellulose molded bodies are therefore also particulate structures such as granules, spherical powders or fibrids. A shaped body is preferably shaped by extrusion of a cellulose-containing spinning solution through an extrusion nozzle, since in this way large quantities of cellulose shaped bodies can be produced with a very uniform shape. Another possible cellulose molded body is a sponge or, more generally, a porous molded body.

Composite materials are used.

In the context of this application, the term “Lyocell process” can in particular be understood to mean a process for producing cellulose by a direct solvent process. For the Lyocell process, the cellulose can be obtained from a starting material which contains this cellulose. The starting material can in the Lyocell process in a suitable solvent (in particular containing tertiary amine oxides such as N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) and / or ionic liquids, ie low-melting salts which are built up from cations and anions) Dissolving can take place in particular by dehydration and / or without chemical modification.The resulting solution, which can also be referred to as dope or spinning solution, can be used in the Lyocell process

then pressed through one or more spinnerets. Filaments formed as a result can during and / or after their free or

controlled falling through an air gap in a water-containing bath

(in particular in a bath with aqueous NMMO solution) and / or the air humidity in the air gap can be precipitated.

In the context of this application, the term “viscose process” can in particular include a process for producing cellulose according to a

Wet spinning processes are understood. The cellulose can be used for that

Viscose process from a raw material (especially wood or a

Wood pulp) containing this cellulose. In

successive process stages can be used in the viscose process

The starting material must first be treated with a base (for example with sodium hydroxide solution), whereby alkali cellulose is formed. When this alkali cellulose is then reacted with carbon disulfide, cellulose xanthate is formed. From this, a viscose spinning solution can be generated by further adding a base (in particular sodium hydroxide solution), which by one or more

Spinnerets can be pressed. In a spinning bath arise through

Coagulation of viscose filaments.

In the context of the present application, the term “foreign matter” is understood to mean in particular at least one non-cellulosic material which, in addition to the cellulose, remains in the molded body produced

(in particular attached to and / or embedded in cellulose fibers and / or arranged between cellulose fibers). This can be a concentration or amount of foreign substances which is above - as will be understood by a person skilled in the art - inevitable residual traces of non-cellulosic substances in the molding. The one or more foreign substances can in particular be at least partially non-cellulosic fibers, such as, for example, fibers of synthetic plastic (for example made of polyester and / or elastane), which remain in the molded body. The at least one foreign substance contained in the

Molded body remains can alternatively or additionally contain other constituents already contained in the starting material for producing the molded body, for example remnants of buttons or seams or from the

Dyes originating from the starting material. In particular, the

Concentration or amount of the one or more foreign substances remaining in the molded body can be selected to be higher than a value that is achieved by the method for removing such foreign substances while carrying out the

Manufacturing process for producing the shaped body inevitably remain as traces in the shaped body. In other words, those from the

One or more foreign substances originating from the starting material and remaining in the shaped body are left in the shaped body in a deliberately higher amount than inevitable residues. The amount of the one or more foreign substances remaining in the shaped body can be selected such that the at least one foreign substance remaining in the shaped body is present there in such a concentration or amount that it is present in the

Use of the molded body or a product made from it

occurs functionally, and therefore provides a function of the molded body or product made from it that cannot be achieved without the respective foreign substance.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a

Using the Lyocell process, the starting material is converted into a molded body containing cellulose. In addition, during this

Manufacturing process but consciously retain at least part of one or more such foreign substances in the molded body, which

Formkörper mindestens einen (vorzugsweise bereits in dem Ausgangsstoff vorhandenen) Fremdstoff enthält. Während herkömmlich eine Entfernung von Fremdstoffen bis zum technisch absolut erreichbaren Minimum angestrebt wurde, vollzieht ein exemplarisches Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung diesbezüglich einen Paradigmenwechsel und belässt bewusst eine gewisse Konzentration mindestens eines Fremdstoffs in dem fertig hergestellten Formkörper oder einem daraus mittels Weiterverarbeitung hergestellten Produkts, um mit diesem mindestens einen Fremdstoff eine zugehörige Funktion in dem Formkörper bzw. Produkt zu beeinflussen, hervorzurufen oder zu bewirken. Anders ausgedrückt wird die Verfahrensführung gemäß einem exemplarischen Ausführungsbeispiel mit Vorteil so angepasst, dass eine ausreichende Restkonzentration (oberhalb einer technisch erreichbaren Minimalkonzentration) des mindestens einen

Foreign matter remains in the molded body or a product made therefrom. This allows an additional function of the molded body or product

can be achieved that would not or would not be achieved to this extent without the foreign matter. In this way, a simple procedure can be combined with an improved functionality of a produced cellulose molded body. The simplified manufacturing process results from the fact that no complex technical measures have to be taken

To bring the concentration of foreign substances to a technically absolutely achievable minimum. The increased functionality can be achieved in that one or more foreign substances in the molded body produced give the molded body or a product made therefrom an additional function or reinforce such a function that without the sufficiently high concentration of the

Foreign matter would not be accessible. Exemplary embodiments also expand the possibility of using starting materials for the Lyocell process, in that, unlike in the case of conventional approaches, it is now also possible to consider those starting materials for the Lyocell process that include a

have significant amounts of non-cellulosic foreign matter. For example, post-consumer old clothes can also be used which have already been used by a consumer and, in addition to cellulose, can contain a large number of foreign substances in high concentration. According to one embodiment, it is unnecessary to remove the entire high amount of foreign substances from such a starting material, since according to one embodiment at least some of such foreign substances are used

Functionalization of the molded body produced can be left in this. This improves the recyclability of cellulosic waste and improves the resource-saving and sustainable handling of recyclable raw materials.

Additional exemplary embodiments of the method and the use are described below.

According to one embodiment, the spinning bath contains in particular a mixture of water and solvent. The extruded spinning mass coagulates in the spinning bath, since the solvent content is lower and the cellulose falls out of the narrow solubility window in the solvent. The shaped body can be, for example, a fiber, a film or a micro-bead. A product can then be produced from the shaped body, for example a yarn, a fabric, etc.

According to one embodiment, the precipitation can be brought about by diluting the starting material dissolved in the spinning mass by an aqueous medium in the spinning bath. In particular, the spinning bath can be a water bath, further in particular consisting essentially of water or a mixture of water and solvent (in particular NMMO). The

Lyocell process through which water (in particular a liquid bath with water and optionally a solvent) reduces the concentration of the solvent that caused the cellulose to dissolve so much that the dilute solution obtained falls below the solubility limit of cellulose and the cellulose thereby fails or precipitates. The coagulation medium (ie

in particular the water bath) can be essentially pure water or can be provided with a solvent.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the method can include at most a partial or exactly partial removal (ie a part is removed and another part remains) of at least one of the at least one foreign substance. More precisely, the method can include only an exactly partial removal of at least one of the at least one foreign substance by separating only exactly a part of the at least one foreign substance from the cellulose of the starting material (in particular before precipitation, further in particular before dissolution). According to such an embodiment, the

The process control during the Lyocell process is set in such a way that deliberately not the entire removable amount of foreign matter is removed from the starting material in order to produce cellulosic molded bodies, but instead by setting the process parameters of a production apparatus in such a way that more than just unavoidable traces of

Foreign substances of the starting material remain in the molded body produced. For example, certain procedures for removing foreign substances can be completely or partially dispensed with, for example the manufacturing process can be carried out without a bleaching step for removing dyes. It is also possible to design a filter that filters a Lyocell spinning solution prior to spinning and thereby partially frees it from foreign matter

(in particular to dimension openings in the filter in such a way) that a certain amount of foreign substances (for example foreign substances with a size below a limit size up to which a filter retains particles from spinnerets) in a Lyocell spinning solution and consequently in the finished molded body remains. It is also possible, for example, to access the

Carrying out separation steps for the separation of certain foreign substances either completely or to carry out such separation steps in a limited or reduced manner. In this way, one or more foreign substances remain with an adjustable target concentration (in particular above an unavoidable minimum concentration) in the molded body produced.

According to one embodiment, the starting material can be a

contain or consist of a source of cellulose to be recycled,

in particular be formed entirely or partially from remnants from a clothing production and / or from old clothing. In the context of this application, the term “cellulose source” can in particular include a medium (in particular a

Solid medium) are understood as the basis for producing a molded body comprising cellulose during a corresponding

Manufacturing process provides the cellulose material used for this purpose. One example is wood or wood pulp. Since, according to an exemplary embodiment, certain amounts of at least one foreign substance are deliberately used in the molded body produced to provide an additional function of the molded body produced, the range of

Starting materials for the Lyocell process are increased. The Lyocell process can also use raw materials that are not taken from a natural resource such as wood for the first time, but come from a product that has already been used. In this context, the use of post-consumer old clothes after use by a consumer is particularly advantageous, since such old clothes have a large reservoir of cellulose that can be recycled and functionalized

Contains foreign substances on the other hand (for example synthetic plastics such as polyester or elastane, dyes etc.).

In the context of this application, the term “residues from a

Clothing manufacture "in particular rejects and / or offcuts

Cellulose comprising or consisting of textile or yarn are understood, these residues during a process for the production of

Clothing. In the manufacture of clothing, for example, a cellulose-containing textile is produced as the starting material, from which flat parts (for example in the form of a T-shirt half) are cut out. What remains are residues which, according to an exemplary embodiment, can be fed back to a method for producing a molded body comprising cellulose. Garment-making scraps can therefore be a cellulose-based or cellulose-based raw material that can be used to recover cellulose before a consumer has used the scraps as clothing or in some other way. Remnants from clothing production can in particular consist of essentially pure cellulose,

In the context of this application, the term “old clothes” can in particular be understood to mean items of clothing which contain cellulose and which, when at least part of the cellulose is recovered, have already been removed from

Consumers have been used (especially worn). Used clothing can therefore be a cellulose-containing raw material, which can (but does not have to) contain significant amounts of foreign substances and can be used to recover cellulose after a

Consumer who has used old clothes as clothing or in any other way. Old clothes can in particular be formed from a mixture of cellulose and one or more foreign substances, in particular containing synthetic plastic (such as polyester and / or elastane) and / or separate foreign bodies not containing cellulose (such as, for example Buttons, textile prints or seams). Polyesters are understood to mean, in particular, polymers with ester functions (R - [- C0-0 -] - R) in their main chain. Polyesters include polycarbonates and polyethylene terephthalate. Elastane is particularly elastic

Understood chemical fiber with high elasticity. A block copolymer on which elastane is based can contain a mass fraction of at least 85% polyurethane.

According to one embodiment, the at least one foreign substance can have at least one from a group which consists of a dye, an optical brightener, a matting agent (in particular TiO 2) and an antimicrobial (especially zinc oxide). If such a dye is retained in the shaped body, which dye was already contained in the starting material, additional coloring of the shaped body produced can be dispensed with. An optical brightener that was already contained in the starting material can also be reused in the molded body produced, so that the degree of recycling can also be increased in this regard. An antimicrobial substance such as zinc oxide can also be transferred from the starting material into the finished molded body and can inhibit or even eliminate undesired growth of bacteria and the like there. This is especially for the use of the manufactured

Molded bodies are advantageous for products that can come into contact with the body of a user (for example recycled items of clothing or medical products and cosmetics).

According to one embodiment, the at least one foreign substance can comprise elastane, which is also at least partially dissolved during the dissolution of the cellulose. Elastane is used in many textiles, in particular clothes, and in particular old clothes, and can be deliberately left as a foreign substance in the molded body containing cellulose. It has been found that elastane in a recycled cellulose molding does not interfere in any way and is therefore not expensive up to a maximum achievable limit from the

Starting material must be removed when a molded article is produced. It is even possible with leaving elastane in a cellulosic

Shaped body to give the latter a certain elasticity. In this way, molded bodies with elastic properties can also be produced.

According to one embodiment, the at least one foreign substance can

Have polyester which is at least partially left in the starting material when it is dissolved, in particular precipitated. Polyester is a

Foreign matter that is often found in post-consumer used clothes. According to an exemplary embodiment, at least part of this polyester can remain in the cellulose molded body produced. Clearly, such a residue of polyester in the molded body can function similarly to a hot melt adhesive and mechanically strengthen a fiber fabric or a fiber fleece made of cellulose. As a result, by leaving polyester at least partially in the cellulose molding, a mechanically particularly robust cellulose material can be created, which can thereby also be provided with thermoplastic properties. According to such an exemplary embodiment, the additional function provided by the foreign substance is therefore in an increased level

mechanical robustness or stability of the molded body produced.

According to one embodiment, the method can include at least partial removal of non-cellulosic fibers from the starting material before precipitation, in particular before dissolution. Such fibers can either be completely removed or partially left in the molding. In particular, post-consumer old clothes that are to be recycled often have a considerable amount of fibers that are not made of cellulose. Examples of this are polyester fibers. In that, according to an exemplary embodiment, such fibers are retained as mixed fibers in addition to the cellulose fibers during the method for producing cellulose molded bodies (in particular cellulose fibers), Separation processes can be completely or partially omitted and molded articles with mixing properties can be obtained from cellulose fibers and synthetic fibers. Such non-cellulosic fibers can advantageously be partially removed during the process for producing the molded bodies and some can be left therein. Through this

Measure, the functionality of the at least one foreign substance remaining in an adjustable amount in the molded body can be adjusted by the user.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the method can have an at least partial, in particular complete, removal of metals from the starting material. Any metals contained in the starting material can advantageously be completely or partially removed from it, for example in order to avoid allergic reactions when coming into contact with the skin of a user (for example nickel). Alternatively, one or more metals can be used

can also be left in the molding. For example, silver from the raw material can have an antimicrobial effect in the recycled material

Unfold molded body. In order to adjust the extent of the functionality of the at least one foreign substance remaining in the shaped body, some of the metals can be removed from the starting material as foreign substances.

According to one embodiment, molded bodies containing cellulose can be produced in the process without carrying out a bleaching procedure. By not having to carry out a bleaching procedure, dyes in a starting material can also be recycled, thereby increasing the recycling rate. This improves sustainability and resource efficiency during the

Carrying out the Lyocell process. If a bleaching process is omitted, a pre-sorting of the starting material in

different color groups are made.

According to one embodiment, starting materials can be pre-sorted by color into several color groups before dissolving and (for example in a respective batch) only starting material of a common color group can be dissolved. By pre-sorting the starting material, in particular old clothes and / or leftovers from clothing production, a respective starting material belonging to a respective color group can be fed to the Lyocell process while at least partially retaining its dyes and left in the molded body produced. For example, the raw material can be sorted into the color groups red, green, blue, yellow, black, white and other residual colors. As a result of this

Presorted, the molded body obtained is not obtained in an indifferent gray or brown tone, but can have a color tone which corresponds to or at least resembles the presorted color tone. A pre-sorting of a starting material according to color groups can be done fully automatically, for example based on an optical detection of the supplied starting material and a correspondingly performed machine-controlled sorting. As a result of the presorting, those are in the raw material

The dyes contained therein can no longer be regarded as disruptive foreign substances, but can give the molded body the function of a respective coloring.

According to one embodiment, the in the molded body or the

The proportion of the at least one foreign substance located in the preform (in particular a total amount of non-cellulosic foreign substances in the shaped body or the preform) is at least 0.01 percent by weight, in particular at least 0.1

Weight percent, further in particular at least 1 weight percent, even more in particular at least 10 weight percent, based in each case on the total weight of the shaped body or the preform. The stated ranges of percent by weight of one or more foreign substances in the

Shaped bodies can be used for any of the foreign substances described herein

(In particular a dye, a synthetic plastic such as polyester or elastane, an antimicrobial substance such as zinc oxide or silver, an optical brightener, non-cellulosic foreign fibers, etc.) can be left alone or together in the molding. With the values ​​mentioned, sufficient functionalization of the molding with the one or more foreign substances is made possible.

In particular, a proportion of polyester in the molded body or the preform as a foreign substance originating from the starting material can be at least 0.001 percent by weight, in particular at least 0.01 percent by weight, further in particular at least 1 percent by weight, based on the

Total weight of the molded body or the preform. Alternatively or in addition, a located in the molded body or the preform, from the

The proportion of elastane originating from the starting material as a foreign substance is at least 0.001 percent by weight, in particular at least 0.01 percent by weight, further in particular at least 1 percent by weight, based on the

Total weight of the molded body or the preform. Alternatively or in addition, a located in the molded body or the preform, from the

The proportion of dye originating from the starting material (in particular indigo dye of denim fabrics) as foreign matter is at least 0.001 percent by weight, in particular at least 0.01 percent by weight, further in particular at least 1 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the molding or preform. Alternatively or additionally, a proportion of from the starting material located in the shaped body or the preform can be used

Metal oxide as a foreign substance at least 0.001 percent by weight, in particular at least 0.01 percent by weight, more particularly at least 1

Percentage by weight, based on the total weight of the molded body or the preform. Alternatively or in addition, a proportion of an antimicrobial substance as a foreign substance in the molded body or preform and originating from the starting material can be at least 0.001 percent by weight, in particular at least 0.01 percent by weight, further in particular at least 1 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the molded body or the preform. Lyocell fibers can according to an exemplary

Embodiment after spinning, for example, 0.004 percent by weight to 0.01 percent by weight or more of impurities.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the method can comprise comminuting, in particular mechanical comminution, further in particular shredding, of the starting material before dissolving the starting material in the solvent. For example, comminution can reduce the size of the starting material to the size of fibers. In particular, a starting material prepared in this way can also be converted directly into solution without chemical pretreatment in order to produce a viscous spinning mass.

According to one embodiment, the starting material can be at least partially freed from crosslinking agents, which crosslink the fibers of the starting material, before it is precipitated (preferably even before it is dissolved). This can be done, for example, by means of an alkaline and / or an acidic pretreatment, in particular depending on the type of crosslinker present. A lyocell fiber is a fibrillating fiber that can be cross-linked with molecules. A corresponding crosslinker can interfere as it can reduce the solubility of Lyocell cellulose in Lyocell solvents. The at least partial removal of the

Crosslinker by way of a pretreatment (for example by carrying out an alkaline step and / or an acidic step) with partial or complete dissolution of the undesired crosslinking can increase the purity of the cellulose obtained.

According to one embodiment, the starting material can be mixed with another before it is precipitated (in particular before it is dissolved in the solvent)

Cellulose source are added. For example, the other cellulose source may comprise at least one material from a group consisting of

Wood pulp, rag pulp (especially pulp made from scraps such as linen, rag, etc.), cotton (i.e. cellulose from a cotton plant, see Figure 5), cellulose produced by means of a Lyocell process (see Figure 3) and cellulose produced by means of a viscose process (see Figure 4). The starting material can also be an inhomogeneous mixed fabric. The other

Cellulose source can be added flexibly and depending on availability. As a result, the large-scale use of the Lyocell process is not prevented by any temporary bottlenecks in a certain cellulose source

impaired. Rather, it is possible, for example, to compensate or replace any shortfalls in used clothing cellulose with other cellulose sources.

balance. However, the formation of the starting material from old clothes only can be preferred.

According to one embodiment, the dissolution of the starting material and / or the dissolution of the cellulose source can take place by means of a direct dissolution process.

Tertiary amine oxides are preferably used as solvents, particularly preferably N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO).

According to one exemplary embodiment, the method can include post-processing of the shaped body. Such an optional post-processing can include, for example, drying, impregnation and / or reshaping of the cellulose filaments obtained. Corresponding post-processing makes it possible, at the end of the Lyocell process, to apply the

Complete molding production.

According to an embodiment, the at least one can be selective

retained foreign matter in the molded body are used to make a

To utilize the function of the at least one foreign substance for the shaped body. In the context of the present application, the term "function" of a foreign substance in a molded body is in particular a technical function (such as thermoplastic properties, elastic properties,

Coloring or optical brightening, antimicrobial properties), which only the molded body with the foreign substance has, but not without the foreign substance. Such a function can in particular be the creation of an effect or the intensification of an effect.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the method for producing the molded body can be carried out in such a way that, based on a control command, a quantity of at least one foreign substance remaining in the produced molded bodies is set in a user-defined manner, in particular is set higher than a minimum value that can be achieved in terms of process technology. In this way it is possible for a user to flexibly adjust the extent of the residual concentration of the at least one foreign substance in the shaped body and with a view to a desired functionality of the shaped body obtained.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the method can include receiving a user-side signal for defining a target function of the molded bodies to be produced and setting process parameters for setting a required function in the molded bodies

have the remaining amount of one or more foreign substances. For this purpose, based on a control command from a user, a database in which functions associated with individual foreign substances are stored can be used to select one or more foreign substances that are suitable for achieving the desired function. After a desired amount of at least one such foreign substance has been determined, the at least one process parameter can then be set such that the desired function is achieved. Possible

Process parameters in this context are the setting of a mechanical comminution process, the setting of a chemical cleaning process, the setting of a possible bleaching process, the setting of a filtering of Lyocell spinning solution before the spinning of filaments, the setting of a possible process for the physical separation of constituents of a starting material, a washing method, etc.

The moldings produced according to the invention can, for example,

Packaging material, fiber material, textile composites, fiber composites, nonwovens, needle felts, upholstery wadding, fabrics, knitted fabrics, as home textiles, such as bed linen, as items of clothing, as fillers, flocking material,

Hospital textiles, such as pads, diapers or mattresses, can be used as material for thermal blankets, shoe insoles and wound dressings.

Embodiments of the invention can be in the most varied

technical fields as well as in medicine and in cosmetics and wellness. In medicine, for example, materials for

Wound treatment and wound healing can be composed of a carrier, which determines the mechanical properties, and a biocompatible coating material, which is particularly compatible with the skin and with the surface of the wound. Numerous other uses are possible.

In the following, exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the following figures.

FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of a method for producing a shaped body comprising cellulose according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

Figure 2 shows an apparatus for producing a cellulose containing

Molded body according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 shows a cellulose fiber produced by means of a Lyocell process.

FIG. 4 shows a cellulose fiber produced by means of a viscose process.

FIG. 5 shows a natural cellulose fiber from a cotton plant.

Identical or similar components in different figures are provided with the same reference numbers.

Before exemplary exemplary embodiments are described with reference to the figures, some basic considerations should be summarized, based on which exemplary exemplary embodiments of the invention have been derived.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, recycling residues can be functionalized in a molded body comprising cellulose.

When processing recycled materials as a starting material for

In the manufacture of Lyocell fibers, high demands are usually placed on this cellulosic starting material. In particular in processes for processing recycling materials with a high proportion of plastic, according to exemplary embodiments of the invention, complete removal of the plastics is not necessary and also not desired at all. It has proven to be advantageous to leave certain proportions of foreign substances (such as plastics) in the starting material (without completely eliminating them

remove), as such small amounts of plastics and others

Foreign substances in the lyocell dope or the lyocell spinning solution can even have positive functional properties for the lyocell fibers. For example, a certain amount of elastane residue in the starting material and thus also in the finished molded bodies according to an exemplary embodiment

Embodiment of the invention create flexibility of the Lyocell fibers. A PU residue in the fibers can advantageously become a thermoplastic

Deformability and / or increased mechanical stability of the molded body produced or a product made therefrom lead. Therefore, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a complete, complete removal of the plastic components (such as, for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA), polyurethane (PU), etc.) can be dispensed with, since such complete removal is difficult and resource-intensive and, due to the function provided by the foreign substances in the context of the molded body, is also not at all necessary and desirable, as was recognized according to exemplary embodiments of the invention.

In particular, small amounts of such foreign substances can even be positive

Contribute properties for the Lyocell fibers and do not harm.

FIG. 1 shows a flow chart 50 of a method for producing a cellulose-containing or regenerated cellulosic molded body 102 (compare FIG. 2) according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

As the starting material 110 (see FIG. 2), clothing that has already been worn by a user and is no longer required, that is to say post-consumer clothing that contains cellulose, can be used. In other words, before the start of the method for producing the cellulose-containing molded body 102, the starting material 110 may already have been used by a consumer, see reference number 59 Polyester and elastane). If the consumer discards the item of clothing, it can be used as a post-consumer starting material 110 for a Lyocell process shown in FIG. 1, which is described in more detail below. Alternatively or in addition, it is also possible

Clothing manufacturing.

Thus, as shown with reference number 52, the starting material 110 is fed to the Lyocell process, the reused or recycled textile starting material 110 comprising cellulose and also various foreign substances.

The cellulose and the foreign substances of the starting material 110 can be fed in 52 in a common solid composite (for example as a textile

Flat structure, fiber composite or molded body composite) are present, ie can be part of one or more bodies (for example items of clothing or

Cuttings) or particles (for example shredded or ground items of clothing or cuttings) in the solid phase. In such a solid body or solid particles, a mixture of the cellulose and the foreign substances can therefore be present, which can therefore be connected to one another in one piece. Thus, the starting material 110 represents a

cellulose source 154 to be recycled, which can be formed entirely or partially from leftovers from clothing manufacture and / or from old clothing. The foreign matter contained therein may include a dye, an optical brightener, an antimicrobial such as zinc oxide, etc. Furthermore, the starting material 110 can contain elastane as a further foreign substance, which can likewise be at least partially dissolved during a dissolution 54 from cellulose, as described below. Such elastane is often included as an additional fiber in garments to give the garments elasticity.

The starting material 110 can also be polyester as an additional foreign material

have, which remains on or in the cellulose during dissolution 54 and subsequent precipitation 56.

It is also described how based on the cellulose

Starting material 110, molded body 102 can be produced from lyocell cellulose and non-removed foreign matter according to an embodiment of the invention. For this purpose, the starting material 110 is fed to an apparatus 100 (see FIG. 2) for carrying out a Lyocell process, see reference symbol 52.

First of all, the starting material 110 can optionally be pre-sorted by color into several color groups (see reference number 64), for example several

color-specific color groups (such as blue, red, green, yellow, black and white) and a remainder group with non-color-specific starting material (e.g. colored textiles). This has the advantage that later only starting material 110 of a common color group is dissolved (see reference numeral 54) and thus dyes of a uniform or at least essentially uniform color are used for a characteristic coloring of the molded bodies 102 produced. The formation of diffuse and uncharacteristic mixed colors in the molded bodies 102 produced can thereby be avoided and the dye conventionally classified as an undesirable foreign substance can be reused in 102 as a functional dye in the molded body produced. The supply of a separate dye for coloring the shaped bodies 102 or products made therefrom can then advantageously be dispensed with or only necessary in a reduced amount. If after the presorting 64 the dye of a dye group remains in the starting material 110 and the

Determining the coloring of the molded bodies 102 produced, the molded body 102 comprising cellulose can be produced without performing a bleaching procedure, and therefore in a simple and environmentally friendly manner.

Before or after the presorting 64, an optional, but advantageous, mechanical comminution 66 of the starting material 110 can take place by shredding. As a result, a portion of, in particular, large, non-cellulosic impurities can be removed from the starting material 110, for example buttons, seams and prints on old clothes that were at least partially used to produce the starting material 110. By means of the mechanical comminution 66, the starting material 110 can be separated into individual fibers, for example.

It is optionally also possible (see block 68), the cellulose containing

Starting material 110 can be used together with other cellulose-containing materials (see further cellulose source 156 in FIG. 2) for the Lyocell process. Thus, the starting material 110 can be mixed with another starting material containing cellulose, see block 68. Thus, the starting material 110 can also contain another material containing cellulose, such as wood or pulp extracted therefrom. So it is possible to use the

Recycled starting material 110 with another cellulose

having starting material 110 to mix. The latter can, for example, rag pulp from textiles, cotton from a cotton plant, cellulose obtained from a viscose process and / or Cotton Lint (ie considerably shorter compared to the approximately 38 mm long Cotton Lint, for example

Cotton strands as they grow on the seed of a cotton plant). The proportion of old clothes in the starting material 110 can be, for example, between 3 percent by weight and 100 percent by weight, in particular between 10 percent by weight and 80 percent by weight. It is particularly preferred if this proportion is 100 percent by weight.

The method can furthermore comprise an optional, but advantageous, only precisely partial removal 58 of one, several or all of the foreign substances. This removal 58 can take place directly after the supply 52 or after the comminution 66 or after the mixing 68. It is also possible to omit the procedure of removing 58 and to dissolve 54 the starting material 110 immediately after the supply 52, after the presorting 64, after the

Chop 66 or continue after mixing 68.

If the procedure of removing 58 is carried out, this can include a partial or complete removal 60 of non-cellulosic fibers from the starting material 110, for example if the presence of elastane fibers or polyester fibers in the finished molded articles 102 is not desired. As an alternative or in addition, the removal procedure 58 can include a partial or complete removal 62 of metals from the starting material 110, if the presence of metals in the shaped bodies 102 is not desired. Also, as part of the removal 58

Starting material 110 can be completely or partially freed from crosslinking agents which crosslink the starting material 110 (see reference symbol 63). If such a separation of individual fibers is desired, a crosslinker (depending on its chemical nature) can be removed, for example, by means of an alkaline and / or an acidic pretreatment. According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, however, after removal 58, a certain adjustable proportion of foreign substances is always contained in the starting substance 110 to be subsequently dissolved.

Immediately after feeding 52, immediately after presorting 64, immediately after mechanical comminution 66, immediately after mixing 68 or immediately after removal 58, the (pure or mixed) starting material 110 can be dissolved directly in a solvent 116 (for example tertiary amine oxides such as N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO)) advantageously take place without chemical pretreatment. Such a dissolving 54 can take place by transferring the starting material 110 (together with the foreign matter contained therein) into a solvent 116, whereby a spinning mass is formed. More precisely, the pre-treated as described

Starting material 110 can in particular be converted directly into solution without chemical cleaning and without adjusting the viscosity. In this way, the manufacturing or recycling process can be carried out extremely easily and quickly and in an environmentally friendly manner. It has

Surprisingly found that after the described

Pretreatment of foreign substances remaining in the starting material 110 (for example polyester or elastane) do not interfere with the Lyocell process and do not negatively affect the quality of the recovered Lyocell cellulose. On the contrary, certain amounts of elastane can remain in the cellulose fibers produced without impairing their properties. Even certain amounts of remaining polyester do not interfere with the product obtained, but can even strengthen the mechanical integrity of the molded body 102 to be produced.

After the starting material 110 has been dissolved 54 in solvent (preferably NMMO), the Lyocell spinning solution obtained can be pressed through one or more spinnerets, whereby threads or filaments of honey-viscous viscosity arise (see block 70, which relates to this spinning or extrusion).

During and / or after these threads or filaments fall, they are brought into operative connection with an aqueous medium and are thereby diluted. The concentration of the solvent 116 of the threads or filaments is thereby reduced in an aqueous liquid bath to such an extent that the Lyocell spinning solution is converted into a solid phase of cellulose filaments. In other words, the cellulose filaments precipitate, precipitate or coagulate, see reference numeral 56. A preform of the shaped body 102 is obtained as a result. The spinning mass is thus extruded 70 to form shaped bodies 102 by means of precipitation 56 in a spinning bath (see FIG

Reference 191 in Figure 2).

The loosening 54, spinning or extruding 70 and subsequent precipitations 56 by means of a Lyocell method are therefore carried out based on a starting material 110, which in turn is to be reused or recycled

Has cellulose material or consists of it and may need to be partially freed from foreign matter.

Furthermore, the method can include post-processing 74 of the precipitated Lyocell cellulose in order to obtain the shaped body 102 from the preform of the shaped body 110. Such post-processing can include, for example, drying, impregnating and / or reshaping the filaments obtained into the final shaped body 102. For example, the molded body 102 can be processed into fibers, a film, a woven fabric, a fleece, a ball, a porous sponge or beads by the production method described and then fed to a further use (cf. reference numeral 76).

The proportion of the at least one foreign substance located in the shaped body 102 or the preform can be at least 0.1 percent by weight, based on a total weight of the shaped body 102

Remnants of the foreign matter remaining in the molded body 102 can be used in order to utilize a function of the respective foreign matter in the context of using the molded body 102 or a product made therefrom. Elastane foreign matter remaining in a molded article 102 can be functionally used to impart elasticity to the molded article 102 produced. A foreign substance polyester remaining in the molded body 102 can functionally be used to provide the molded body 102 with a thermoplastic deformability or to strengthen the mechanical robustness of the molded body 102 and a product made therefrom.

With the method in accordance with the flow diagram 50 according to FIG. 1, it is thus possible to implement a method that can be carried out simply and with little effort

To create a production method for producing shaped bodies 102 in which the requirements for the removal of one or more foreign substances from the starting material 110 are extremely low. In contrast to conventional approaches, the described embodiment of the invention assumes that the foreign substances in the starting material 110 for producing the molded bodies 102 do not all have to be removed as disturbing in the highest possible amount, but to a certain extent in the starting material 110 and from it Lyocell spinning solution 104 produced should remain in order to impart one or more desired additional functions to the molded bodies 102 produced. These additional functions can include providing a color, increased elasticity, increased mechanical robustness, antimicrobial

Effect, etc. exist. In particular, when performing the method according to the flowchart 50 of FIG

The extent to which one or more foreign substances are left out of the

Starting material 110 can be produced in the shaped bodies 102.

FIG. 2 shows an apparatus 100 for producing a molded body 102 comprising cellulose by means of a Lyocell process according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention which was described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 2 therefore shows an apparatus 100 according to an example

Embodiment of the invention for producing a molded body 102 comprising cellulose, which can be produced, for example, in the form of a nonwoven, as fiber, film, ball, textile fabric, sponge or in the form of beads or flakes. According to FIG. 2, the molded body 102 is produced directly from a spinning solution 104. The latter is converted into cellulose fibers 108 by means of a coagulation fluid 106 (in particular from air humidity) and / or a coagulation bath 191 (for example a water bath that optionally has tertiary amine oxides such as N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO))

Molded body 102 converted. A Lyocell process can be carried out by means of the apparatus 100. In this way, for example, essentially endless filaments or fibers 108 or mixtures of essentially endless filaments and fibers 108 of discrete length can be produced as molded body 102. A plurality of nozzles, each having one or more openings 126 (which may also be referred to as spinning holes), are provided for ejecting Lyocell dope 104.

As can be seen in FIG. 2, a cellulose-based starting material 110 can be fed to a storage tank 114 via a metering device 113.

According to one exemplary embodiment, water can be introduced into the cellulose-based starting material 110 by a solvent 116 (in particular NMMO) described in more detail below. It can also be cellulose based

Starting material 110 itself already contain a certain residual moisture (dry cellulose, for example, often has a residual moisture of 5 percent by weight to 8 percent by weight). In particular, according to the described

Exemplary embodiment, the starting material 110 can be added directly to a mixture of water and solvent 116 without pre-moistening. An optional water container 112 shown in FIG. 2 can then be omitted.

According to an alternative embodiment, the cellulose-containing starting material 110 can additionally be moistened in order to thereby provide moist cellulose. For this purpose, water from an optional

Water tank 112 can be fed to storage tank 114 via metering device 113. Therefore, the metering device 113, controlled by means of a control device 140, can supply adjustable relative amounts of water and starting material 110 to the storage tank 114.

A suitable solvent 116, preferably tertiary amine oxides such as N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO), or an aqueous mixture of the solvent 116, for example a 76% strength solution of NMMO in water, is contained in a solvent container. The concentration of the

Solvent 116 can be adjusted in a concentrating device 118 either by adding pure solvent or water. The

Solvent 116 can then be mixed with the starting material 110 in definable relative amounts in a mixing unit 119. Also the

Mixing unit 119 can be controlled by means of control unit 140. As a result, the starting material 110 comprising cellulose is concentrated in the

Solvent 116 in a dissolving device 120 with adjustable relative

Quantities dissolved, whereby the Lyocell spinning solution 104 is obtained .. The relative concentration ranges (also referred to as spinning window) of the components starting material 110, water and solvent 116 in the spinning solution 104 for the production of cellulosic regenerated molded bodies by the Lyocell process can, as a person skilled in the art known to be set appropriately.

The lyocell dope 104 is fed to a fiber generation device 124 (which may be formed with a number of spin bars or jets 122).

As the lyocell dope 104 is passed through the openings 126 of the jets 122, it is divided into a plurality of parallel strands of lyocell dope 104. The process control described transforms the Lyocell spinning solution 104 into increasingly long and thin threads, the properties of which can be adjusted by appropriate setting of the process conditions, controlled by the control unit 140. Optionally, a flow of gas can move the lyocell dope 104 on its way from the openings 126 to one

Accelerate fiber take-up unit 132.

After the Lyocell spin solution 104 has moved through the jets 122 and down, the long and thin threads of the Lyocell spin solution 104 interact with the coagulation fluid 106.

When interacting with the coagulation fluid 106 (for example water), the solvent concentration of the Lyocell spinning solution 104 is reduced, so that the cellulose of the starting material 110 is at least partially as long and thin cellulose fibers 108 (which can still contain residues of solvent and water) coagulates or fails.

During or after the initial formation of the individual cellulose fibers 108 from the extruded Lyocell spinning solution 104, the cellulose fibers 108 are taken up on the fiber take-up unit 132. The cellulose fibers 108 can be immersed in the coagulation bath 191 shown in FIG. 2 (for example a water bath, optionally including a solvent such as NMMO) and can precipitate upon interaction with the liquid in the coagulation bath 191

to lock. Depending on the process setting of the coagulation, the cellulose can form cellulose fibers 108 (as shown, wherein the cellulose fibers 108 can be one material or integrally fused with one another ("merging") or can be present as separate cellulose fibers 108) or a film can form on the fiber receiving unit 132 or form a film of cellulose (not shown in Figure 2).

The cellulose fibers 108 are thus extruded from the spinnerets of the jets 122 and guided through the spinning bath or coagulation bath 191 (containing, for example, water and NMMO in a low concentration for precipitation / coagulation), while the cellulose fibers 108 are guided around a respective deflection roller 193 im Coagulation bath 191 and fed outside of the coagulation bath 191 to a godet 195. The take-off godet 195 ensures that the cellulose fibers 108 are transported further and further drawn in order to achieve a desired titer. After the godet 195, the fiber bundle is from the

Cellulose fibers 108 washed in a washing unit 180, optionally finished and finally cut (not shown).

Although this is not shown in FIG. 2, solvent 116 of the lyocell spinning solution 104, which has been removed from the cellulose fibers 108 during coagulation and during a subsequent washing in the washing unit 180, can be at least partially recovered or recycled and in a subsequent cycle be transferred back to the storage tank 114.

During the transport along the fiber receiving unit 132, the

Shaped bodies 102 (here in the form of cellulose fibers 108) are washed by means of the washing unit 180, in that the latter supplies a washing liquid to remove solvent residues. The shaped body 102 can then be dried.

The molded body 102 can also be subjected to an aftertreatment, see the aftertreatment unit 134 shown schematically. For example, such an aftertreatment can be a hydroentangling,

Needle treatment, impregnation, steam treatment with a steam supplied under pressure and / or calendering, etc. have.

The fiber receiving unit 132 can be the molded body 102 of a

Supply winding device 136, on which the molded body 102 can be wound. The shaped body 102 can then be supplied as rolled goods to an entity that manufactures products such as wipes or textiles based on the shaped body 102.

In the Lyocell method according to FIG

Input / output interface 170 of control unit 140 specifies which function or functions a molded body 102 to be produced is to have. The input / output interface 170 can have input elements (for example a keyboard, a touchpad and / or a control console) via which a user can transmit control commands to the apparatus 100. The

Input / output interface 170 can furthermore have output elements (for example an electronic display) via which information about a composition of the processed medium and / or other process parameters can be made known to a user, for example. For example, the user can specify a desired color of the molded body 102 to be produced, a desired degree of elasticity, mechanical robustness, antimicrobial effect, etc. The control unit 140 can then, for example, access a database 152 (for example an electronic mass storage device such as a hard disk), where, for example, in the form of a look-up table, correlations between nominal functions of the molded body 102 to be produced and residual concentrations of remaining in the molded body 102

Foreign substances can be stored. For example, in the

Look-up table can be stored that a corresponding pre-sorting of the starting material 110 according to colors and omitting or corresponding

Configuring a bleaching of the starting material 110 while the production method is being carried out in order to achieve a specific color of the molded bodies 102 produced can be carried out without separate dye having to be supplied. According to another embodiment, the look-up table can contain the information that by leaving a certain amount of elastane in the starting material 110 and consequently in the Lyocell spinning solution 104, the molded bodies 102 produced can be provided with a certain elasticity. Yet another embodiment, leaving a certain amount of polyester from the starting material 110 in the molded article 102 can achieve an increased mechanical

Strength of the molded body 102 are assigned. The retention of a certain amount of zinc oxide from the starting material 110 in the shaped bodies 102 can be correlated in the look-up table with an antimicrobial effect which the shaped bodies 102 produced can then exhibit. In this way, the control unit 140 can use a desired function of the molded bodies 102 desired by a user with the aid of information from the database 152 to determine process parameters or individual method steps of the

Adapt the manufacturing method according to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 so that the desired function is achieved in the molded body 102. In this way, foreign substances can be left in the molded body 102 and used there to functionalize the molded body 102.

Additional exemplary embodiments of the invention are described below. In particular, according to an exemplary embodiment, external components can be functionalized from recyclates by selective further use of cellulose.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention relates to

Functionalization of non-wood additives as foreign substances, which come from a recyclate and are specifically built into a produced fiber. As a result, special properties of these additives are utilized and / or special properties of the fibers produced are achieved.

Embodiments of the invention thus show a way of realizing or intensifying recycling by means of special cycles. This can be done by dispensing with unnecessary or functionally even undesirable excessive purity and / or by making prior use clearly a criterion for particularly preferred reuse. The use of recycled cellulose, preferably made from old textiles, for the production of artificially produced cellulose fibers without the complete removal of foreign matter is very advantageous from an ecological point of view, since the separation processes involved are complex

Pulp production is omitted or by simpler separating and / or

Cleaning procedures can be replaced. Secondary constituents from raw materials containing cellulose (for example wood, corn stalks, bagasse, cotton), which are conventionally viewed as undesirable and are therefore in the

Manufacturing processes have been eliminated can, according to an exemplary embodiment, remain at least in part in a manufactured molded body 102 and fulfill a specific additional function there.

A common prejudice was to have to remove practically all additives from old textiles through sometimes complex process steps in order to recover pure cellulose. Corresponding cleaning processes are complex and often ecologically questionable, so that the desired effect is more efficient

Resource utilization is almost reversed.

When using recycled materials as raw materials for the

Pulp production can only be assumed to be of moderate purity of these recyclates. Such recyclates are often made from materials that are not typical of wood

contaminated. The removal or disfunctionalization of these materials is complex and often polluting. This environmental impact mentioned can affect both energy consumption (for example for ozone generation in bleaching) and secondary processes (for example chemical depletion of certain materials).

For the production of pulp for use in lyocell processes

Recycled materials are used in pulp production. When processing these recycling materials (textile recycling), the

Closing a material cycle, various foreign substances that are removed during the production of a fiber so that the technical or

physical properties become similar or identical to a non-recycled fiber. Normally, such foreign substances (such as foreign polymers, metals or other chemical compounds) are removed (for example by means of chemical reactions, bleaching, mechanical

Filtering, etc.). In particular for the production of viscose and fibers according to the Lyocell process, it is therefore common to strive for a complete depletion of foreign materials.

Amazingly, it was found that through targeted control of

Residual concentrations as part of the depletion process (i.e. the

Recycling process) advantageous properties can be achieved in the resulting fiber or the pulp produced. This functionalization of residual constituents from the recyclate achieved in this way is described below in the context of exemplary embodiments of the invention.

In particular, it has been found by the present inventors that the targeted control of recyclate components in a cellulose can support, control or otherwise influence desired properties in a specific application of a lyocell fiber. It has also been shown that the environmental pollution caused by the logistics of a multi-product range (i.e. producing, processing, delivering, etc. pulp differently, depending on their special reasidual parts) is significantly lower than a complete depletion of foreign materials in a recyclate.

For a pulp according to an exemplary embodiment of FIG

In the invention, old textiles based on cotton, viscose and / or lyocell cellulose, as well as mixtures thereof and / or with other constituents can be used. The partial degradation of the

Chain lengths in the context of practical use instead. It should be noted in particular that, due to its high DP value (where DP stands for the average degree of polymerization, ie the number of monomer units per macromolecule), for example, native cotton is relatively poorly soluble in NMMO. In contrast, a recyclate with a corresponding cotton content is characterized by the previous production and subsequent use (in particular as a result of the effects of UV, heat, water, mechanical stress) that the DP value drops to a range that enables a better solution in NMMO . Typical numerical values ​​for this shift in the Gaussian mean of the DP values ​​is from up to 3000 (and in some cases even above) for native cotton to a value for recyclates of less than 2000 mL / g, preferably below 1000 ml / g, particularly preferably below 800 ml / g. The stated values ​​relate to the limiting viscosity number (which with the

Degree of polymerization of the cellulose correlates) in units of mL / g. Through optional but advantageous additional measures such as selection, mixing, cooking, etc., a GVZ value in the range of 200 ml / g to 700 ml / g which is particularly suitable for the lyocell process can be achieved.

In a preferred embodiment, the desired proportions of titanium dioxide (Ti0 2 ) are set from recyclates . The pulp produced in this way or a mix composed of different pulps with the desired proportion of Ti0 2 can be processed into a Lyocell molded body 102.

After further processing steps, a resulting staple fiber can thus have a proportion of Ti0 2 as a foreign substance with a matting function.

In a further particularly preferred embodiment, residual polymers, for example polyester, made from recyclates are used as adhesion enhancers among the cellulose fibers or as thermoplastic property enhancers within a Lyocell molded body 102. Such polymers remain in the

Essentially inert until the corresponding procedures are completed in

Production process. In particular, a subsequent stiffening of a fabric by means of heat (clearly in a similar way to hot glue) can be achieved (for example, advantageous for the production of non-iron shirts, pleating, etc.). A very simple method can be provided for the production of fabrics which should have the property of high dimensional stability (for example non-iron).

Through the targeted control of the proportion of residual polymers (such as polyester from sewing threads of shirts), a certain thermoplasticity can be achieved in a Lyocell fiber as molded body 102, which the corresponding proportion of residual polymers from the recyclate via a cellulose according to a

exemplary embodiment of the invention returns to a fiber type via the lyocell process (in the sense of a dedicated

Material cycle), which can be used, for example, to produce a dimensionally stable textile (e.g. a shirt). Here, synergistic moldings 102 or products resulting therefrom can be improved with

Properties are obtained (for example, better, ie greater

Dewatering, because the improved dimensional stability inherent in the fibers means that less finishing agent is required to produce non-iron quality). Such a production of a crease-reduced textile product or a dimensionally stable nonwoven or fleece, carried out according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, represents a particularly ecological variant of a specifically controlled material cycle.

In a further particularly preferred embodiment, recycled materials from old textiles which have been dyed with vat dyes (ie water-insoluble dyes with particular suitability for dyeing cellulose-based textiles) (for example demineralised fabrics) are added to the pulp production in a targeted concentration and / or selected color composition. Through the

In the manufacturing process, on the one hand, dyes such as denim indigo are changed in color, but on the other hand they are also deeply embedded in a lyocell fiber. Using the example of denim fabrics, various advantages of this can be seen

Show approach. Denim fabrics have at least one of the following properties:

- Traditional denim: body weave, ie diagonal ridge and / or dense body. A distinction is also made between warp and weft, depending on whether the warp or weft threads predominate at the top. The warp is blue, the weft is white. On the loom, denim is woven with the bluer side on top. In order to protect the mechanics of the weaving machine, today denim is usually made with the warp-heavy side (in the above-mentioned case the

Top of goods or the blue side) woven downwards. Furthermore, protection against soiling of the actual upper side of the goods in the weaving mill is achieved.

- Denim fabrics are traditionally made from cotton fibers. Originally, they were dyed throughout with indigo dyes. In the meantime, however, yarns with variable through-dyeing are used for denim fabrics.

- Denim variations: Denim yarns are only dyed on the surface so that the stonewashed effect is lighter and more environmentally friendly (ie with less

Effort in terms of less time and energy) can be produced.

A Lyocell molded body 102 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, which is made from a cellulose with a defined and selected

Denim is made, has a white value that differs from normal cotton fibers and can even be directly color-bearing if necessary. A coloration through the entire fiber implemented according to such an exemplary embodiment of the invention makes it possible to mix the fiber produced in this way with a normal fiber. Here, in particular, the coloring of the normal fiber can be controlled in such a way that the

Dye release for achieving the stonewash effect takes place in a suitable manner. By the remainder of one according to an exemplary

Embodiment of the invention as a molded body 102 can be ensured (since, for example, continuous residual dyes are present) that this stonewash effect does not particularly affect this fiber portion. Additional washing by the consumer will not find any more

Discoloration instead.

Another exemplary embodiment of the invention relating to the functionalization of molded bodies 102 based on foreign substances in

Recyclates consist of a targeted bleaching of the proportion of old denim dyes. In this way, for example, the indigo can be converted into isatin, which gives a denim textile product a typical age-related yellow tinge. The use of a according to an exemplary

The pulp produced in an exemplary embodiment of the invention also allows the cotton fiber content in a denim product to be reduced by means of molded bodies 102 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention as a substitute. In view of a global optimization of resources (in particular a reduction in the cultivation area for cotton to enable an increase in the cultivation area for food), this is advantageous.

In a further particularly preferred embodiment, recyclates are used for pulp production with biocidal properties. With a suitable selection of recycled material and processing, these materials are also available after

Lyocell process still biocid. In this way, molded bodies 102 and products made from them can be produced which provide biocidal functionality (for example fleeces or nonwovens for medical and cosmetic products, textiles in the medical environment, odor-reducing sportswear, bedding with mite protection, etc.). The keeping effect of a fiber finished in this way as a molded body 102 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention is advantageous here.

In a further particularly preferred embodiment, recyclates with a substantial proportion of Lyocell fibers are used as molded bodies 102 in the production of pulp. By using such a

Cellulose for the lyocell process makes recycled products possible, which differ only slightly in their technical properties from a lyocell fiber that was produced without recyclates. In particular, in this embodiment the whiteness values ​​and strengths are highly correlated with the lyocell fiber without recyclates.

In a further particularly preferred embodiment, recycled materials from old textiles based on lyocell and / or viscose are used. This makes it possible to achieve a low DP value that is advantageous for a lyocell process without additional measures.

A pulp can according to an exemplary embodiment of the

Invention be suitable for a lyocell process. Such a pulp can contain more than 3 percent by weight of recycled material. Furthermore, a non-wood pulp fraction, in particular greater than 10 ppm, further in particular greater than 100 ppm, can be present as a foreign substance in a corresponding molded body 102. The named

Recycled content comes from old textiles that come from the same or comparable applications as the products made from the pulp and / or can have the same or comparable raw material base as the products made from the pulp and / or intermediate products. These non-wood components can come from the recyclate. The recyclates used can have a DP value of 100 ml_ / g to 2000 ml_ / g, preferably 150 ml_ / g to 1000 ml_ / g, particularly preferably 200 ml_ / g to 700 ml_ / g, each expressed as GVZ. Said non-wood components can, for example, be greater than 1 ppm (preferably greater than 10 ppm or even greater than 100 ppm) vat dyes (and their decomposition components, for example indigo or isatin), polyester, Ti0 2 , optical brighteners, etc.

A molded body 102 produced in accordance with an exemplary embodiment or a product produced therefrom can be used, for example, for one or more of the following applications:

a) Cellulose with a polymer content: this allows the product to be heated to over 130 ° C., preferably over 150 ° C., particularly preferably over 180 ° C., during its manufacture or its service life.

b) pulp with Ti0 2 : this allows an application with a requirement for sun protection and / or opacity and / or privacy

c) Pulp with proportions or decomposition elements of vat dyes: this allows the provision of denim-like textile products

d) Cellulose with recycled parts from a Lyocell process: this allows the production of molded bodies 102 and products with Lyocell-typical

properties

e) Cellulose with recycled parts that contain optical brighteners: this allows the manufacture of products with a high whiteness value

f) Cellulose with biocidal recycled components: this allows the production of molded bodies 102 or products with a biocidal function

According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, said cellulose can be used for a lyocell process and / or a lyocell molded body 102 can be produced therefrom.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the recycled content of inorganic substances can be above 10 ppm, in particular above 100 ppm.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the recycled content of non-pulp materials can be over 100 ppm, in particular over 1000 ppm.

According to an exemplary embodiment, organic substances that are foreign to cellulose can make up more than 3 percent by weight of the recycled material and be embedded in the cellulose.

FIG. 3 shows a cellulose fiber 200 produced by means of a Lyocell process in cross section. The one made using a Lyocell process

Cellulose fiber 200 has a smooth, round outer surface 202 and is filled with cellulose material homogeneously and free of macroscopic holes. It can therefore be clearly identified by a person skilled in the art from cellulose fibers produced by means of a viscose process (see reference numeral 204 in FIG. 4) and from

Cellulose fibers from cotton plants (see reference numeral 206 in Figure 5) can be distinguished.

FIG. 4 shows a cellulose fiber 204 produced by means of a viscose process in cross section. The cellulose fiber 204 is cloud-shaped and has a plurality of arcuate structures 208 along its outer circumference.

FIG. 5 shows a natural cellulose fiber 206 from a cotton plant in cross section. The cellulose fiber 206 is kidney-shaped and has a material-free lumen 210 inside as a completely enclosed cavity.

Based on the significant geometric or structural differences of the fibers according to Figure 3 to Figure 5, it is possible for a person skilled in the art to unambiguously determine, for example under a microscope, whether a cellulose fiber has been formed using the Lyocell process, the viscose process or, of course, in a cotton plant is.

In addition, it should be pointed out that “having” does not exclude any other elements or steps and “a” or “a” does not exclude a plurality. Furthermore, it should be pointed out that features or steps that have been described with reference to one of the above exemplary embodiments also in combination with other features or steps of others described above

Embodiments can be used. Reference symbols in the

Claims are not to be regarded as limiting.

Patent claims

1. A method for producing a regenerated cellulosic molded body (102), the method comprising:

Supplying (52) a starting material (110) comprising cellulose and at least one foreign material;

Conversion of at least part of the starting material (110) with at least part of the at least one foreign substance into a spinning mass which additionally contains a solvent (116) for dissolving (54) at least part of the cellulose of the starting material (110) in the solvent (116) contains;

Setting a desired or predetermined residual concentration of the at least one foreign substance in the shaped body (102) in order to achieve a function of the at least one foreign substance in the shaped body (102);

Extruding (70) the spinning mass to form the shaped body (102) and

subsequent precipitation (56) in a spinning bath (191), whereby the shaped body (102) is obtained, the shaped body (102) comprising cellulose and at least part of the at least one foreign substance.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method involves at most partial removal (58) of at least one of the at least one

Contains foreign matter by separating a part of the at least one foreign matter from the cellulose of the starting material (110), in particular before precipitation (56), further in particular before dissolution (54).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the starting material (110) has or consists of a cellulose source (154) to be recycled, in particular is formed entirely or partially from leftovers from clothing manufacture and / or from old clothes, in particular worn by a consumer.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the at least one foreign substance has at least one from a group consisting of a dye, an optical brightener, a matting agent, in particular titanium dioxide, and an antimicrobial substance, in particular zinc oxide.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least one foreign substance comprises elastane, which is also at least partially dissolved during the dissolution (54) of the cellulose.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one foreign substance comprises polyester which is at least partially left in the starting material (110) when the starting material (110) is at least partially dissolved (54), in particular precipitated (56), becomes.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method comprises at least partial removal (60) of non-cellulosic fibers from the

Starting material (110) before precipitation (56), in particular before dissolving (54).

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the method comprises an at least partial, in particular a complete, removal (62) of metals from the starting material (110).

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in the method, the regenerated cellulosic molded body (102) is produced without performing a bleaching procedure.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein prior to dissolving (54) the starting material (110) is pre-sorted in color into several color groups (64) and only pre-sorted starting material (110) of a common color group is dissolved (54).

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the in the

Molded body (102) located at least one foreign substance a proportion of at least 0.01 percent by weight, in particular at least 0.1

Percent by weight, more particularly at least 1 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the molded body (102).

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein one of a group consisting of fibers, foils, sponges or balls is produced as the shaped body (102).

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, having at least one of the following features:

the precipitation (56) being effected by diluting the starting material (110) dissolved in the spinning mass by an aqueous medium in the spinning bath (191), in particular in a water bath, further in particular in

Consisting essentially of water or a mixture of water and solvent (116);

wherein the method comprises comminuting (66), in particular mechanical comminution, further in particular shredding, of the starting material (110) before dissolving (54) the starting material (110) in the solvent (116); wherein the starting material (110) is at least partially freed from fibers of the starting material (110) crosslinking crosslinking agents before it is precipitated (56), in particular before it is dissolved (54), in particular by means of an alkaline and / or an acidic pretreatment;

wherein the starting material (110) before its precipitation (56), in particular before its dissolution (54) in the solvent (116), with another

Cellulose source (156) is added, in particular the other

Cellulose source (156) has at least one material from a group consisting of wood pulp, rag pulp, cotton, cellulose produced by means of a lyocell process and by means of a viscose process

manufactured cellulose;

wherein the method comprises post processing (74) the precipitated

Has molded body (102);

wherein the dissolving (54) of the starting material (110) by means of a

Direct dissolution method and / or by means of tertiary amine oxides, in particular N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide, as solvent (116); the method being carried out in such a way that, based on a control command, an amount of the at least one foreign substance remaining in the molded body (102) produced is set user-defined, in particular higher than a process-technically achievable minimum value of a respective foreign substance

is set;

wherein the cellulose and the at least one foreign substance of the

The starting material (110) when it is fed (52), in particular when it is transferred, is present in a common solid-body composite, in particular in at least one of a group consisting of a textile fabric, a fiber composite and a molded body composite;

wherein the method comprises further processing of manufactured molded bodies (102) into a product, in particular into a flat textile structure.

14. Use of a cellulose and at least one foreign substance

having starting material (110), in which the cellulose and the

at least one foreign substance is present in a common solid composite, for producing a regenerated cellulosic shaped body (102) by means of the Lyocell process, the shaped body (102) containing cellulose and at least part of the at least one foreign substance, and the at least one foreign substance in the shaped body (102) is used to provide the molded body (102) with a function of the at least one foreign substance.

15. Use according to claim 14, having at least one of the following features:

elastane being used as a foreign substance in order to impart elasticity to the molded body (102) produced;

wherein polyester is used as a foreign substance in order to impart thermoplastic deformability and / or increased mechanical stability to the molded body (102).