FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
THE PATENT RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
[See Section 10 and Rule 13]
Title of the invention: FUNGICIDAL COMPOSITION
Name of the Applicant: UPL LIMITED
Nationality: India
Address: UPL House, 610 B/2, Bandra Village, Off
Western Express Highway, Bandra-East, Mumbai-400051, India

Technical field:
The present disclosure relates to a fungicidal composition. More specifically, the present 5 disclosure relates to fungicidal composition comprising multisite fungicides and systemic fungicides for controlling fungal diseases.
Background:
Fungicides are an integral and important tool wielded by farmers to control diseases, as 10 well as to improve yields and quality of the crops. There are various fungicides that have been developed over the years with many desirable attributes such as specificity, systemicity, curative and eradicant action and high activity at low use rates.
There are various types of fungicides, including multi-site fungicides and systemic 15 fungicides. However, due to the prolonged use of multiple fungicides, the pests develop resistance which leads to increase in the usage of quantity of actives required to enable control of the fungus, which in turn adds to the overall cost.
As development and identification of new pesticide reaches a saturation point, pesticide 20 formulations have come to the fore to increase the effectiveness of existing actives. Formulations enable a small amount of the active ingredients for crop protection to uniformly spread over a large area. This requires that the pesticide formulation be chemically stable and physically uniform under all foreseeable storage conditions so that the minimum effective amount can be accurately applied to target areas. 25
Solid formulations like water-dispersible granules, or dry flowables are frequently the choice of the formulators as they are relatively safer and more commercially attractive alternatives to wettable powders and suspension concentrates. Water dispersible granules are becoming more popular because of their convenience in packaging and use, free-30 flowing granules, being non-dusty, which should disperse quickly when added to water in the spray tank. Water dispersible granules are therefore a technological improvement over wettable powders and imitate liquids in handling characteristics.
2

Increased dose or repeated applications is required for conventional formulations like wettable powder, emulsifiable concentrate, solution etc. to achieve desired bioefficacy. This results in significant increase in the cost for the farmers. In the process of application of the conventional formulations more than 70% of the pesticides flow into the 5 environment. There is a significant trend towards switching over from such conventional formulations using petroleum and organic solvent based constituents to user and environment friendly smart and innovative formulations.
In view the same, there is a need for alternative treatments which are economic and have 10 a broader disease control.
One or more objectives:
An objective of the present disclosure is to provide fungicidal composition comprising a 15 combination of a multi-site fungicide and a systemic fungicide that cause less or no phytotoxicity.
Yet another objective of the present disclosure is to provide a fungicidal composition that results into reduced fungal disease incidence in the crops to which it is applied. 20
Another objective of the present disclosure is to provide an economically significant fungicidal composition, particularly water dispersible granules.
Some or all these and other objectives of the disclosure can be achieved by way of the 25 invention described hereinafter.
Summary:
An aspect of the present disclosure provides a fungicidal composition comprising a 30 combination of at least one multisite fungicide and at least one systemic fungicide.

An aspect of the present invention discloses a fungicidal composition comprising: i. at least one multi-site fungicide; ii. at least one systemic fungicide; and iii. at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. 5
An aspect of the present invention discloses a fungicidal composition comprising: i. at least one multi-site fungicide; and ii. at least one systemic fungicide; wherein the composition has a cost to benefit ratio in the range from 1:1 to 1:5. 10
An aspect of the present invention discloses a fungicidal composition comprising
i. at least one multi-site fungicide selected from copper fungicides, sulfur
fungicides, dithiocarbamate fungicides, phthalimide fungicides, chloronitrile
fungicides, sulfamide fungicides, guanidine fungicides, triazines fungicides,
15 quinone fungicides or a combination thereof;
ii. at least one acylalanine fungicide; and iii. at least an agrochemically acceptable excipient wherein the composition has a cost to benefit ratio in the range from 1:1 to 1:5.
20 An aspect of the present disclosure provides a method of controlling a fungal disease in a crop or a locus, comprising applying the disclosed fungicidal composition to the crop or to the locus.
An aspect of the present invention discloses a method of controlling fungal diseases 25 comprising applying a composition comprising combination of
i. at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide; ii. at least one acylalanine fungicide; and iii. at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient
wherein the composition has a cost: benefit ratio in the range of 1:1 to 1:5.
30

Detailed Description:
The term "fungicides" relates to pesticides that kill or prevent or control the growth of 5 fungi and their spores. Fungicides are used to control fungi that damage plants, including but not limited to rusts, molds, mildews, and blights.
The term "disease control" as it relates to fungal diseases herein denotes control (treatment) and prevention of a disease. Controlling effects include deviation from natural 10 development of the disease, for example, killing of the fungal agent, retardation of disease development, and decrease in amount of the fungal disease.
The term "plant" encompasses all the physical parts of a plant, including for example, seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, foliage, and fruits. 15
The term "locus" as used herein refers to the vicinity, area, or place in which the plants are growing, where plant propagation materials of the plants are sown, and/or where the plant propagation materials of the plants will be placed into the soil.
20 The term "plant propagation material" is understood to denote generative parts of a plant, such as seeds, vegetative material such as cuttings or tubers, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, and other parts of plants, germinated plants, and/or young plants which are to be transplanted after germination or emergence from the soil. These young plants may be protected prior to transplantation by a total or partial immersion treatment/system.
25
As used herein, "effective amount" is an amount of active ingredient which has an adverse effect on a fungus and/or which prevents a fungal disease in a plant. The adverse effect can include killing of the fungus (fungicidal), preventing growth of the fungus, blocking of biosynthetic pathway(s), or a combination thereof.
30
As used herein, an "agriculturally acceptable salt" means a salt which is known and accepted for use in agricultural or horticultural use.
5

"Phytotoxichy" refers to a toxic (negative) effect on the growth of a plant.
"Cost to benefit ratio (C: B Ratio)" is a ratio used in a cost-benefit analysis to summarize 5 the overall relationship between the relative costs and benefits of a project. C:B ratio is expressed in monetary terms. A C:B ratio of greater than 1 indicates positive monetary returns in comparison to the cost involved to execute a project.
"Alkyl" as used herein means a straight or branched chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon 10 having the specified number of carbon atoms, specifically 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more specifically 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Alkyl groups include, for example, groups having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms (C1 to C50 alkyl). "Aryl," means a cyclic moiety in which all ring members are carbon and at least one ring is aromatic, the moiety having the specified number of carbon atoms, specifically 6 to 24 carbon atoms, more specifically 6 to 12 15 carbon atoms. More than one ring may be present, and any additional rings may be independently aromatic, saturated, or partially unsaturated, and may be fused, pendant, spirocyclic or a combination thereof. "Alkylaryl" means an alkyl group covalently linked to a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group that is linked to a compound.
20 It has surprisingly been found that the composition of the present invention provides a better cost to benefit ratio as compared to the conventional fungicidal compositions. Conventional fungicidal compositions include but are not limited to wettable powders or suspension concentrate.
25 An aspect of the present invention discloses a fungicidal composition comprising: i. at least one multi-site fungicide; and ii. at least one systemic fungicide.
In an embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is a dithiocarbamate fungicide. 30
In an embodiment, the systemic fungicide is an acylalanine fungicide.

An aspect of the present invention discloses a fungicidal composition comprising: i. at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide; and ii. at least one acylalanine fungicide.
5 In an embodiment, the multi-site contact fungicides is selected from copper fungicides, sulfur fungicides, dithiocarbamate fungicides, phthalimide fungicides, chloronitrile fungicides, sulfamide fungicides, guanidine fungicides, triazines fungicides, quinone fungicides or a combination thereof.
10 An embodiment of the present invention discloses a fungicidal composition comprising:
a) at least one multi-site fungicide selected from copper fungicides,
sulfur fungicides, dithiocarbamate fungicides, phthalimide fungicides,
chloronitrile fungicides, sulfamide fungicides, guanidine fungicides, triazines
fungicides, quinone fungicides or a combination thereof;
15 b) at least one acylalanine fungicide; and
c) at least an agrochemically acceptable excipient
In an embodiment, the composition has a cost:benefit ratio in the range from 1:1 to 1:5.
In another embodiment the present invention discloses a fungicidal composition 20 comprising:
a) at least one multi-site fungicide selected from copper fungicides,
sulfur fungicides, dithiocarbamate fungicides, phthalimide fungicides,
chloronitrile fungicides, sulfamide fungicides, guanidine fungicides, triazines
fungicides, quinone fungicides or a combination thereof;
25 b) at least one acylalanine fungicide; and
c) at least an agrochemically acceptable excipient
wherein the composition has a cost to benefit ratio in the range from 1:1 to 1:5.
In another embodiment the present invention discloses a fungicidal composition 30 comprising:

a) at least one multi-site fungicide selected from copper fungicides,
sulfur fungicides, dithiocarbamate fungicides, phthalimide fungicides,
chloronitrile fungicides, sulfamide fungicides, guanidine fungicides, triazines
fungicides, quinone fungicides or a combination thereof;
5 b) at least one acylalanine fungicide; and
c) at least an agrochemically acceptable excipient
wherein the composition has a cost to benefit ratio in the range from 1:1 to 1:5 over conventional formulations.
10 In an embodiment, the conventional formulations include but are not limited to wettable powders and suspension concentrate.
In an embodiment, the dithiocarbamate fungicides is selected from dithiocarbamate molecular moiety and include one or more of amobam, asomate, azithiram, carbamorph, 15 cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam, metam, nabam, tecoram, thiram, urbacide, ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, polycarbamate, propineb and zineb.
In an embodiment, the dithiocarbamate fungicide is Mancozeb. 20
In an embodiment, the acylalanine fungicides is selected from benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M furalaxyl, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M.
In an embodiment, the acylalanine fungicides is metalaxyl or metalaxyl-m. 25
An agriculturally acceptable salt of a multi-site contact fungicide or a systemic fungicide may also be used.
In an embodiment, the present invention discloses a fungicidal composition comprising:
30 i. mancozeb; and
ii. metalaxyl-m.

An embodiment of the present invention discloses a fungicidal composition comprising: i. at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide; and ii. at least one acylalanine fungicide; 5 wherein the composition has a cost: benefit ratio in the range from 1:1 to 1:5.
An embodiment of the present invention discloses a fungicidal composition comprising:
i. at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide;
ii. at least one acylalanine fungicide; and
10 iii. at least an agrochemically acceptable excipient;
wherein the composition has a cost: benefit ratio in the range from 1:1 to 1:5.
An embodiment of the present invention discloses a fungicidal composition comprising:
i. mancozeb; and
15 ii. metalaxyl-m;
wherein the composition has a cost: benefit ratio in the range from 1:1 to 1:5.
An embodiment of the present invention discloses a fungicidal composition comprising:
i. mancozeb; and
20 ii. metalaxyl;
wherein the composition has a cost: benefit ratio in the range from 1:1 to 1:5 over conventional formulations.
In an embodiment, the cost: benefit ratio is in the range from 1:4 to 1:5. 25
In an embodiment, the cost: benefit ratio is 1:4.92.
In an embodiment, the cost: benefit ratio is 1:4.96.
30 The cost: benefit ratio is calculated based on application cost of treatments, crop yield and market price of the product.

In an embodiment, the conventional formulations include but are not limited to wettable powders and suspension concentrate.
In another embodiment, said composition further comprises at least one agrochemically 5 acceptable excipient.
An aspect of the present invention discloses a composition comprising:
i. at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide;
ii. at least one acylalanine fungicide; and
10 iii. at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.
In an embodiment, the present invention discloses a fungicidal composition comprising:
i. mancozeb;
ii. metalaxyl-m; and
15 iii. at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient;
wherein the composition has a cost: benefit ratio in the range from 1:1 to 1:5 over conventional formulations.
In an embodiment, the present invention discloses a fungicidal composition comprising:
20 i. mancozeb;
ii. metalaxyl; and
iii. at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient; wherein the composition has a cost: benefit ratio in the range from 1:1 to 1:5 over conventional formulations.
25
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure the agrochemically acceptable excipients are selected from one or more of dispersants, disintegrant, emulsifiers, wetting agents, binder, glidant, anticaking agents, pH-regulating agents, preservatives, biocides, antifoaming agents, colorants, fillers stabilizers, other formulation aids or combination
30 thereof.

Emulsifiers which can be advantageously employed herein can be readily determined by those skilled in the art and include various non-ionic, anionic, cationic, and amphoteric emulsifiers, or a blend of two or more emulsifiers. Examples of nonionic emulsifiers useful in preparing the emulsifiable concentrates include the polyalkylene glycol ethers 5 and condensation products of alkyl and aryl phenols, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic amines or fatty acids with ethylene oxide, propylene oxides such as the ethoxylated alkyl phenols and carboxylic esters solubilized with the polyol or polyoxyalkylene. Cationic emulsifiers include quaternary ammonium compounds and fatty amine salts. Anionic emulsifiers include the oil-soluble salts (e.g., calcium) of alkylaryl sulfonic acids, oil-soluble salts or 10 sulfated polyglycol ethers and appropriate salts of phosphated polyglycol ether.
In an embodiment, the dispersing agent is selected from a group comprising lignosulfonate blend, Sodium lignosulphonate, calcium lignosulphonate, aluminium lignosulfonate, modified kraft lignosulfonates, sodium naphthalene formaldehyde 15 condensates, sodium salt of phenol formaldehyde condensates, sodium polycarboxylates or combinations thereof.
In an embodiment, colorants may be selected from iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue, and organic dyestuffs, such as alizarin dyestuffs, azo dyestuffs, or metal 20 phthalocyanine dyestuffs, and trace elements, such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum, and zinc.
Another embodiment involves addition of a thickener or binder which may be selected from but not limited to molasses, granulated sugar, alginates, karaya gum, jaguar gum,
25 tragacanth gum, polysaccharide gum, mucilage, xanthan gum or combination thereof. In another embodiment, the binder may be selected from silicates such as magnesium aluminium silicate, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, celluloses, including ethylcelluloses and methylcelluloses, hydroxymethyl celluloses, hydroxypropylcelluloses, hydroxymethylpropyl-celluloses,
30 polyvinylpyrolidones, dextrins, malto-dextrins, polysaccharides, fats, oils, proteins, gum arabics, shellacs, vinylidene chloride, vinylidene chloride copolymers, calcium lignosulfonates, acrylic copolymers, starches, polyvinylacrylates, zeins, gelatin,

carboxymethylcellulose, chitosan, polyethylene oxide, acrylimide polymers and copolymers, polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, methylacrylimide monomers, alginate, ethylcellulose, polychloroprene and syrups or mixtures thereof; polymers and copolymers of vinyl acetate, methyl cellulose, vinylidene chloride, acrylic, cellulose, 5 polyvinylpyrrolidone and polysaccharide; polymers and copolymers of vinylidene chloride and vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymers; combinations of polyvinyl alcohol and sucrose; plasticizers such as glycerol, propylene glycol, polyglycols.
According to an embodiment, antifoam agent may be selected from 10 Polydimethoxysiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane, Alkyl poly acrylates, Castor Oil, Fatty Acids, Fatty Acids Esters, Fatty Acids Sulfate, Fatty Alcohol, Fatty Alcohol Esters, Fatty Alcohol Sulfate, Foot Olive Oil, Mono & Di Glyceride, Paraffin Oil, Paraffin Wax, Poly Propylene Glycol, Silicones Oil, Vegetable Fats, Vegetable Fats Sulfate, Vegetable Oil, Vegetable Oil Sulfate, Vegetable Wax, Vegetable Wax Sulfate, agents based on silicon or 15 magnesium stearate.
According to an embodiment, examples of suitable solvents are water, aromatic solvents (for example, xylene), paraffins (for example mineral oil fractions such as kerosene or diesel oil), coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and
20 aromatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes or their derivatives, alcohols (for example methanol, butanol, pentanol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanol), ketones (for example cyclohexanone, gamma-butyrolactone), pyrrolidones (NMP, NEP, NOP), acetates (glycol diacetate), glycols, fatty acid dimethylamides, fatty acids and fatty acid esters, isophorone and dimethylsulfoxide.
25 In principle, solvent mixtures may also be used.
Examples of the solid carrier or filler used in the formulation include but are not limited to fine powders or granules such as minerals such as Aluminium silicate, kaolin clay, attapulgite clay, bentonite, montmorillonite, acid white clay, pyrophyllite, talc, 30 diatomaceous earth and calcite; natural organic materials such as corn rachis powder and walnut husk powder; synthetic organic materials such as urea; salts such as calcium

carbonate and ammonium sulfate; synthetic inorganic materials such as synthetic hydrated silicon oxide.
Examples of the surfactant include but are not limited to anionic surfactants such as alkyl 5 sulfate ester salts, alkylaryl sulfonate salts, dialkyl sulfosuccinate salts, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ether phosphate ester salts, lignosulfonate salts and naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde polycondensates; and nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylpolyoxypropylene block copolymers and sorbitan fatty acid esters and cationic surfactants such as alkyltrimethylammonium salts.
10
Examples of the other auxiliary agents that can be included in the composition include water-soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, polysaccharides such as Arabic gum, alginic acid and the salt thereof, CMC (carboxymethyl- cellulose), Xanthan gum, inorganic materials such as aluminium
15 magnesium silicate and alumina sol, preservatives, coloring agents and stabilization agents such as PAP (acid phosphate isopropyl) and BHT.
In an embodiment , the composition may further include herbicides, insecticides, miticides, acaricide, fertilizers, plant growth regulators, and biocides.
20
The amount of a composition according to the disclosure to be applied, will depend on various factors, such as the subject of the treatment, for example plants, soil or seeds; the application of treatment, for example spraying, dusting or seed dressing; the purpose of the treatment, for example prophylactic or therapeutic disease control; in case of disease
25 control the type of fungi to be controlled or the application time. This amount of the combinations of the present invention to be applied can be readily deduced by a skilled agronomist.
An embodiment of the present invention discloses a fungicidal composition comprising:
30 i. at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide;
ii. at least one acylalanine fungicide; iii. at least one dispersant;
13

iv. at least one emulsifier; v. at least one wetting agent; and vi. optionally at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient;
5 In an embodiment, the composition has a cost: benefit ratio in the range from 1:1 to 1:5 over conventional formulations.
An embodiment of the present invention discloses a fungicidal composition comprising:
i. at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide;
10 ii. at least one acylalanine fungicide;
iii. at least one dispersant; iv. at least one emulsifier; v. at least one wetting agent; and
vi. optionally at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient; 15 wherein the composition has a cost: benefit ratio in the range from 1:1 to 1:5 over conventional formulations.
An embodiment of the present invention discloses a water dispersible granule
composition comprising:
20 i. at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide;
ii. at least one acylalanine fungicide;
iii. at least one dispersant;
iv. at least one emulsifier;
v. at least one wetting agent; and
25 vi. optionally at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient;
wherein the composition has a cost: benefit ratio in the range from 1:1 to 1:5 over conventional formulations.
In an embodiment, the concentration of dithiocarbamate fungicide is in the range from 30 about 1% w/w to about 99% w/w of the total weight of the composition.

In an embodiment, the concentration of dithiocarbamate fungicide is in the range from about 1% w/w to about 90% w/w of the total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the concentration of dithiocarbamate fungicide is in the range from 5 about 1% w/w to about 80% w/w of the total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the concentration of dithiocarbamate fungicide is in the range from about 1% w/w to about 70% w/w of the total weight of the composition.
10 In an embodiment, the concentration of dithiocarbamate fungicide is in the range from about 50 % w/w to about 70% w/w of the total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the concentration of dithiocarbamate fungicide is in the range from about 60 % w/w to about 70% w/w of the total weight of the composition. 15
In an embodiment, the concentration of dithiocarbamate fungicide is in the range from about 60 % w/w to about 67% w/w of the total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the concentration of acylalanine fungicide is in the range from about 20 1% w/w to about 99% w/w of the total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the concentration of acylalanine fungicide is in the range from about 1% w/w to about 50% w/w of the total weight of the composition.
25 In an embodiment, the concentration of acylalanine fungicide is in the range of from about 1% w/w to about 40% w/w of the total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the concentration of acylalanine fungicide is in the range from about 1% w/w to about 30% w/w of the total weight of the composition. 30

In an embodiment, the concentration of acylalanine fungicide is in the range from about 1% w/w to about 20% w/w of the total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the concentration of acylalanine fungicide is in the range from about 5 1% w/w to about 10% w/w of the total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the concentration of acylalanine fungicide is in the range from about 1% w/w to about 5% w/w of the total weight of the composition.
10 In an embodiment, the ratio of acylalanine fungicide: multisite fungicide is in the range from 1:1 to 1:20.
In an embodiment, multisite fungicide is a dithiocarbamate fungicide.
15 In an embodiment, the ratio of acylalanine fungicide: dithiocarbamate fungicide is in the range from 1:1 to 1:20.
In an embodiment, the ratio of metalaxyl-m: mancozeb is in the range from 1:1 to 1:20.
20 In another embodiment, the ratio of metalaxyl-m: mancozeb is in the range from 1:4 to 1: 16.
In another embodiment, the ratio of metalaxyl-m: mancozeb is in the range from 1:8 to 1:16.
25 An embodiment of the present invention discloses a fungicidal composition comprising:
i. mancozeb;
ii. metalaxyl-m;
iii. at least one dispersant;
iv. at least one emulsifier;
30 v. at least one wetting agent; and
vi. optionally at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient;
16

wherein the composition has a cost: benefit ratio in the range from 1:1 to 1:5.
An embodiment of the present invention discloses a fungicidal composition comprising:
i. mancozeb;
5 ii. metalaxyl-m;
iii. at least one dispersant; iv. at least one emulsifier; v. at least one wetting agent; and
vi. optionally at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient; 10 wherein the composition has a cost: benefit ratio in the range from 1:1 to 1:5 over conventional formulations.
In an embodiment, the conventional formulations include but are not limited to wettable powders and suspension concentrate. 15
An aspect of the present invention discloses a fungicidal composition comprising:
i. mancozeb;
ii. metalaxyl;
iii. at least one dispersant;
20 iv. at least one emulsifier;
v. at least one wetting agent; and vi. optionally at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.
In an embodiment, the dispersant is selected from sodium lignosulfonate, salts of 25 naphthalenesulphonic acid/formaldehyde condensates, salts of condensates of naphthalenesulphonic acid, phenolsulphonic acid and formaldehyde, and salts of lignosulphonic acid, modified sodium lignosulfonate, polyethylene oxide/polypropylene oxide block copolymers, polyethylene glycol ethers of linear alcohols, Potassium polycarboxylate, Modified styrene acrylic polymer or combinations thereof. 30
In a preferred embodiment, the dispersant is sodium lignosulfonate or salts thereof

In an embodiment, the wetting agent is selected from sodium diisopropyl naphthalene sulphonate, sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, alkylbenzene sulfonates, Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate, Sodium lauryl sulfate, Sodium lauryl ether sulfate, Sodium alkyl benzene sulfate, or combinations 5 thereof..
In a preferred embodiment, the wetting agent is sodium diisopropyl napthalene sulphonate.
10 In an embodiment, the emulsifier is selected from sulphated polyarylphenol ethoxylate, ammonium salt, ethoxylated tristyrylphenol sulfate or phosphate, ethoxylated fat alcohol, ethoxylated alkylphenol, ethoxylated tristyrylphenol ethoxylated polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol and copolymers thereof, ethoxylated tristyrylphenol derivative, polyethylene oxide/polypropylene oxide block copolymers, copolymers of polyvinyl
15 alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylic esters, polyarylphenyl ether sulphate ammonium salt, Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester or combinations thereof.
In a preferred embodiment, the emulsifier is sulphated polyarylphenol ethoxylate, 20 ammonium salt.
In an embodiment, the concentration of dispersant is in the range from about 1% w/w to about 30% w/w of the total weight of the composition.
25 In an embodiment, the concentration of dispersant is in the range from about 1% w/w to about 20% w/w of the total composition.
In an embodiment, the concentration of dispersant is in the range from about 1% w/w to about 15% w/w of the total weight of the composition. 30
In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of dispersant is in the range from about 8% w/w to about 15% w/w of the total weight of the composition.

In an embodiment, the concentration of emulsifier is in the range from about 0.01 w/w to about 10 % w/w of the total weight of the composition.
5 In an embodiment, the concentration of emulsifier is in the range from about 0.5% to about 5% w/w of the total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the concentration of emulsifier is in the range from about 0.5% to about 3% w/w of the total weight of the composition. 10
In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of emulsifier is in the range from about 0.5% to about 2.5% w/w of the total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the concentration of wetting agent is in the range from about 0.1% 15 w/w to about 10 % w/w of the total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the concentration of wetting agent is in the range from about 1% to about 6% w/w of the total weight of the composition.
20 In an embodiment, the concentration of wetting agent is in the range from about 1% to about 4% w/w of the total weight of the composition.
In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of wetting agent is in the range from about 1% w/w to about 3.5% w/w of the total weight of the composition. 25
In an embodiment, dosage of the composition is in the range from about 500 g/ha to about 3000 g/ha.
30 In another embodiment, dosage of the composition is in the range from about 500 g/ha to about 2500 g/ha.

In another embodiment, dosage of the composition is in the range from about 500 g/ha to about 2000 g/ha.
In an embodiment, the composition of the present invention exhibits no phytotoxicity. 5
According to a preferred embodiment, the fungicidal composition is in the form of water dispersible granules.
The compositions according to the present disclosure are effective for the controlling and 10 preventing the plant diseases described below:
Diseases in rice include Blast (Magnaporthe grisea), Helminthosporium leaf spot (Cochliobolus miyabeanus), sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani), and bakanae disease (Gibberella fujikuroi).
15
Diseases in wheat include powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis), Fusariuin head blight (Fusarium graminearum, F. avenacerum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale), rust (Puccinia striiformis, P. graminis, P. recondita), pink snow mold (Micronectriella nivale), Typhula snow blight (Typhula sp.), loose smut (Ustilago tritici), bunt (Tilletia
20 caries), eyespot (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides), leaf blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola), glume blotch (Stagonospora nodorum), septoria, and yellow spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis).
Diseases of barley include powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis), Fusarium head blight 25 (Fusarium graminearum, F. avenacerum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale), rust (Puccinia striiformis, P. graminis, P. hordei), loose smut (Ustilago nuda), scald (Rhynchosporium secalis), net blotch (Pyrenophora teres), spot blotch (Cochliobolus sativus), leaf stripe (Pyrenophora graminea), and Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani). 30
Diseases in corn include smut (Ustilago maydis), brown spot (Cochliobolus heterostrophus), copper spot (Gloeocercospora sorghi), southern rust (Puccinia

polysora), gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis), white spot (Phaeosphaeria mydis and/or Pantoea ananatis) and Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani).
Diseases of citrus include melanose (Diaporthe citri), scab (Elsinoe fawcetti), penicillium 5 rot (Penicillium digitatum, P.italicum), and brown rot (Phytophthora parasitica, Phytophthora citrophthora).
Diseases of apple include blossom blight (Monilinia mali), canker (Valsa ceratosperma), powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria alternata 10 apple pathotype), scab (Venturia inaequalis), powdery mildew, bitter rot (Colletotrichum acutatum), crown rot (Phytophtora cactorum), blotch (Diplocarpon mali), and ring rot (Botryosphaeria berengeriana).
Diseases of pear include scab (Venturia nashicola, V. pirina), powdery mildew, black 15 spot (Alternaria alternata Japanese pear pathotype), rust (Gymnosporangium haraeanum), and phytophthora fruit rot (Phytophtora cactorum).
Diseases of peach include brown rot (Monilinia fructicola), powdery mildew, scab (Cladosporium carpophilum), and phomopsis rot (Phomopsis sp.). 20
Diseases of grape include anthracnose (Elsinoe ampelina), ripe rot (Glomerella cingulata), powdery mildew (Uncinula necator), rust (Phakopsora ampelopsidis), black rot (Guignardia bidwellii), botrytis, and downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola).
25 Diseases of Japanese persimmon include anthracnose (Gloeosporium kaki), and leaf spot (Cercospora kaki, Mycosphaerella nawae).
Diseases of gourd include anthracnose (Colletotrichum lagenarium), powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea), gummy stem blight (Mycosphaerella melonis), Fusarium wilt 30 (Fusarium oxysporum), downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis), Phytophthora rot (Phytophthora sp.), and damping-off (Pythium sp).

Diseases of tomato include early blight (Alternaria solani), leaf mold (Cladosporium fulvum), and late blight (Phytophthora infestans).
Diseases of eggplant include brown spot (Phomopsis vexans), and powdery mildew 5 (Erysiphe cichoracearum) Diseases of cruciferous vegetables: Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria japonica), white spot (Cercosporella brassicae), clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae), and downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica).
Diseases of onion include rust (Puccinia allii), and downy mildew (Peronospora 10 destructor).
Diseases of soybean include purple seed stain (Cercospora kikuchii), sphaceloma scad (Elsinoe glycines), pod and stem blight (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae), septoria brown spot (Septoria glycines), frogeye leaf spot (Cercospora sojina), rust (Phakopsora 15 pachyrhizi, Phakopsora meibomiae), Yellow rust, brown stem rot (Phytophthora sojae), and Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani).
Diseases of kidney bean include anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemthianum). Diseases of peanut: leaf spot (Cercospora personata), brown leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) 20 and southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii).
Diseases of garden pea include powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi), and root rot (Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi).
25 Diseases of potato include early blight (Alternaria solani), late blight (Phytophthora infestans), pink rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica), and powdery scab (Spongospora subterranean f. sp. subterranea).
Diseases of strawberry include powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca humuli), and anthracnose 30 (Glomerella cingulata).

Diseases of tea include net blister blight (Exobasidium reticulatum), white scab (Elsinoe leucospila), gray blight (Pestalotiopsis sp.), and anthracnose (Colletotrichum theae-sinensis).
5 Diseases of tobacco include brown spot (Alternaria longipes), powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum), anthracnose (Colletotrichum tabacum), downy mildew (Peronospora tabacina), and black shank (Phytophthora nicotianae).
Diseases of rapeseed include sclerotinia rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), and Rhizoctonia 10 damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani). Diseases of cotton: Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani).
Diseases of sugar beet include Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora beticola), leaf blight (Thanatephorus cucumeris), Root rot (Thanatephorus cucumeris), and Aphanomyces root 15 rot (Aphanomyces cochlioides).
Diseases of rose include black spot (Diplocarpon rosae), powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa), and downy mildew (Peronospora sparsa). Diseases of chrysanthemum and asteraceous plants: downy mildew (Bremia lactucae), leaf blight (Septoria chrysanthemi-20 indici), and white rust (Puccinia horiana).
Diseases of various groups include diseases caused by Pythium spp. (Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium debarianum, Pythium graminicola, Pythium irregulare, Pythium ultimum), gray mold. (Botrytis cinerea), and Sclerotinia rot (Sclerotinia 25 sclerotiorum).
Disease of Japanese radish include Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria brassicicola).
Diseases of turfgrass include dollar spot (Sclerotinia homeocarpa), and brown patch and 30 large patch (Rhizoctonia solani).

Disease of banana include Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis), Yellow sigatoka (Mycosphaerella musicola).
Disease of sunflower include downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii). 5
Seed diseases or diseases in the early stages of the growth of various plants caused by Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Gibberella spp., Tricoderma spp., Thielaviopsis spp., Rhizopus spp., Mucor spp., Corticium spp., Phoma spp., Rhizoctonia spp. and Diplodia spp. 10
Viral diseases of various plants mediated by Polymixa spp. or Olpidium spp.
The compositions of the present disclosure can be used in agricultural lands such as fields, paddy fields, lawns, and orchards or in non-agricultural lands. The present 15 disclosure may be used to control diseases in agricultural lands for cultivating the plants without any phytotoxicity to the plant.
Examples of the crops on which the present compositions may be used include but are not limited to corn, rice, wheat, barley, rye, oat, sorghum, cotton, soybean, peanut,
20 buckwheat, beet, rapeseed, sunflower, sugar cane, tobacco; vegetables: solanaceous vegetables such as eggplant, tomato, pimento, pepper, potato, cucurbit vegetables such as cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, water melon, melon, squash, cruciferous vegetables such as radish, white turnip, horseradish, kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, leaf mustard, broccoli, cauliflower, asteraceous vegetables such as burdock, crown daisy, artichoke,
25 lettuce, liliaceous vegetables such as green onion, onion, garlic, and asparagus, ammiaceous vegetables such as carrot, parsley, celery, parsnip, chenopodiaceous vegetables such as spinach, Swiss chard, lamiaceous vegetables such as Perilla frutescens, mint, basil, strawberry, sweet potato, Dioscorea japonica, colocasia, flowers, foliage plants, turf grasses, fruits: pome fruits such apple, pear, quince, etc, stone fleshy
30 fruits such as peach, plum, nectarine, Prunus mume, cherry fruit, apricot, prune, citrus fruits such as orange, lemon, rime, grapefruit, nuts such as chestnuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, almond, pistachio, cashew nuts, macadamia nuts, berries such as blueberry, cranberry,

blackberry, raspberry, grape, kaki fruit, olive, plum, banana, coffee, date palm, coconuts, trees other than fruit trees; tea, mulberry, flowering plant, trees such as ash, birch, dogwood, Eucalyptus, Ginkgo biloba, lilac, maple, Quercus, poplar, Judas tree, Liquidambar formosana, plane tree, zelkova, Japanese arborvitae, fir wood, hemlock, 5 juniper, Pinus, Picea, and Taxus cuspidate.
In an embodiment, the composition of the present invention is used to control fungal diseases at a locus.
10 In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides methods of controlling fungal diseases comprising applying a composition comprising combination of i. at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide; and ii. at least one acylalanine fungicide.
15 In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides methods of controlling fungal diseases comprising applying a composition comprising combination of i. at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide; and ii. at least one acylalanine fungicide. wherein the composition has a cost: benefit ratio in the range of 1:1 to 1:5.
20 In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides methods of controlling fungal diseases comprising applying a composition comprising combination of i. at least one multisite fungicide; ii. at least one systemic fungicide; and iii. at least one agrochemically acceptable excipients. 25
In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides method of controlling fungal diseases comprising applying a composition comprising combination of i. mancozeb; and ii. metalaxyl-m.

In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides methods of controlling fungal diseases comprising applying a composition comprising combination of i. mancozeb; ii. metalaxyl-m; and 5 iii. at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.
In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides methods of controlling fungal diseases comprising applying a composition comprising: i. at least one multi-site fungicide; 10 ii. at least one systemic fungicide; iii. at least one dispersant; iv. at least one emulsifier; v. at least one wetting agent; and
vi. optionally at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. 15
In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides methods of controlling fungal diseases comprising applying a composition comprising: i. at least one multi-site fungicide; 20 ii. at least one systemic fungicide; iii. at least one dispersant; iv. at least one emulsifier; v. at least one wetting agent; and
vi. optionally at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. 25 wherein the composition has a cost to benefit ratio in the range from 1:1 to 1:5.
In an embodiment, the constituents of the composition of the present disclosure are tank mixed and sprayed at the locus of the infection or are alternatively be mixed with surfactants and then sprayed. 30
In an embodiment, the constituents of the composition of the present disclosure may be used for foliar application, ground or applications to plant propagation materials.

In an embodiment, the composition is applied at a rate in the range from about 500 litres/hectare to 2500 litres/hectare.
5 In another embodiment, the composition is applied at a rate in the range from about 1000 litres/hectare to about 2000 litres/hectare.
The composition of the present disclosure maybe applied simultaneously as a tank mix or formulation or the multisite fungicide and at least one systemic fungicides may be applied 10 sequentially. Alternatively, the application may be a post-emergent application. The application may be made to the soil before emergence of the plants, either pre-planting or post-planting. The application may be made as a foliar spray at different timings during crop development, with either one or two applications early or late post-emergence.
15 The compositions according to this disclosure can be applied before or after infection of the plants or the propagation material thereof by the fungi.
The at least one multisite fungicide and at least one systemic fungicides may be provided individually as separate parts of a kit and may be mixed together before spraying. At least
20 one adjuvant may also be included with the kit and mixed together with the multisite fungicide and at least three systemic fungicides. Alternatively, the kit may contain a mixture of the multisite fungicide and at least one systemic fungicides and at least one separate adjuvant such that the mixture and the at least one adjuvant are tank mixed before spraying.
25
One or more advantages of the present disclosure over conventional formulations:
i. The composition of the present invention is economical as compared to the conventional formulations like wettable powders. 30 ii. No dust and inhalation hazard during application in comparison with the WP formulation . iii. Easy and safe packing and transportation in comparison with WP.

iv. Reduced wastage during packaging in comparison with WP, optimum application
to the crops as per the recommended dose. v. During application spreadability and adhesion is good in comparison with the WP formulation, leads to good efficacy. 5 vi. Quick wetting in comparison with WP formulation.
vii. High loading is possible in WG formulation in comparison with SC formulation.
While the foregoing written description of the disclosure enables one of ordinary skill to make and use, what is considered presently to be the best mode thereof, those of ordinary
10 skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiment, method, and examples herein. The disclosure should therefore not be limited by the above-described embodiment, method, and examples, but by all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the invention.
15
It will be understood that the specification and examples are illustrative but not limitative of the present disclosure and that other embodiments within the spirit and scope of the disclosure will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments can be practiced that are also within the scope of the present disclosure. The following examples
20 illustrate the disclosure, but by no means intend to limit the scope of the claims:
EXAMPLES
Example 1- Mancozeb + Metalaxyl-M WG
25 Table 1

Sr. No. Ingredients Amount % w/w
1 Mancozeb 61.50 to 66.50
2 Metalaxyl-M 3.51 to 4.29
3 Sodium ligno sulphonate 8 to 15

4 Sodium Di isopropyl naphthalene sulphonate 1 to 3.5
5 Sulphated Polyarylphenol Ethoxylate, Ammonium salt 0.5 to 2.5
6 Aqueous Emulsion with Polysiloxane and Emulsifier 0.1 to 1.0
7 Aluminium silicate (Q.S.)
Total 100
Process for preparing the composition:
Metalaxyl-M premix preparation was done with required quantity of Metalaxyl-M technical and sulphated polyarylphenol thoxylate, ammonium salt with high speed 5 mixing. A slurry was prepared with required quantity of water, surfactant, mancozeb technical, metalaxyl-m premix and other ingredients. The mixture was then sieved to remove any lumps before the spray drying process. Granulation was done by spray drying process. The wet granules obtained after spray drying were dried at 50±5° C in a fluidized bed dryer (FBD) to obtain moisture content of less than 2%. The dried granules were then 10 sieved through required sieve size. The final product was evaluated as per standard specification and was packed in the approved pack sizes. EXAMPLE 2 - Mancozeb 64% + Metalaxyl-M 3.9% WG
Table 2

Sr. No. Ingredients Amount % w/w
1 Mancozeb 64
2 Metalaxyl-M 3.9
3 Sodium ligno sulphonate 9
4 Sodium Di isopropyl naphthalene sulphonate 1.5

5 Sulphated Polyarylphenol Ethoxylate, Ammonium salt 0.5
6 Aqueous Emulsion with Polysiloxane and Emulsifier 0.5
7 Aluminium silicate q.s.
Total 100
Physicochemical stability of Mancozeb 64 % + Metalaxyl-M 3.9 % WG
Table 3

Sr. No.
1 2
3
4 5 6
7
8 Parameter Specification Results of Analysis

0 Day 6 Month 12 Month 18 Month 24 Month 30 Month

Appearance Greyish yellow to olive brown granules free from any extraneous matter. CompliesCompliesCompliesCompliesCompliesComplies

Active content as (g/kg) Mancozeb 615 to 665 642.1 638.5 637.2 637.5 635.6 632.3

Active content as (g/kg) Metalaxyl-M 35.10 to 42.90 41.8 411 40.8 40.38 40.5 39.4

Suspensibility as (%w/w) as Mancozeb Minimum 60.0 93.6 90.5 88.5 88.25 87.9 84.4

Suspensibility as (%w/w) as Metalaxyl - M Minimum 60.0 99.2 98.25 98.05 97.9 98.02 99.5

LOD (% w/w) Maximum 2.0 (Target-1.7) 1.65 1.59 1.62 1.55 1.59 1.65

pH (1% aqueous dispersion) 6.00 to 9.00 7.06 7.00 7.00 7.15 7.21 7.36

Wettability (seconds) Maximum 60.0 20 18 19 20 22 25

Wet Sieve Test (Material passing through 75 µm test Sieve) %w/w Minimum 99.0 99.85 99.75 99.75 99.75 99.74 99.7

Persistent foam (in mL after 1 minute) Maximum 60.0 4 15 15 15 15 15

The above data establishes Mancozeb 64 % + Metalaxyl-M 3.9 % WG formulation complies as per the specification up to 30 months in shelf-life study.
Example 3
Bioefficacy data of the fungicidal composition of Metalaxyl M 3.9% + Mancozeb 64% WG
Methodology:
The fungicidal treatments were applied to grape plants as foliar spray with knapsack sprayer fitter with hollow cone nozzle. The first spray was given at about 88 days after pruning on the appearance of downy mildew and anthracnose disease, followed by second and third spray at 10 days interval. Bio-efficacy observations were recorded before first spray and 10 days after each spray.

Table 4
T. No. Treatments Dosage/ha

Formulation (g/L)
1 Metalaxyl-M 3.9% Mancozeb 64% WG + 2
2 Metalaxyl-M 3.9% Mancozeb 64% WG + 2.5
3 Metalaxyl-M 3.9% Mancozeb 64% WG + 3
4 Mancozeb 75% WP 2
5 Metalaxyl-M 4% mancozeb 64% (Comparative) + WP 2.5
6 Control -
31

Percent of disease Index (PDI):
ln each plot from disease infection stage to berry development stage 50 bunches were
5 randomly selected and Downy mildew (caused by Plasmopara viticola) and anthracnose
(caused by Elsinoe ampelina) disease were recorded before first spray and IO days after
each spray based on the following score and Percent Disease Index (PDI) was calculated
using formula of Wheeler (1969) as given below:
Sum of all numerical ratinqs 100
Number of samples graded Maximum disease grade
10
Downy mildew severity assessment scale
Downy mildew disease severity was rated based on the most heavily infected leaves (Cadle Davidson, 2008 & Prajongjai et al, 2013), and classified into 10 classes, 1 to l 0, 15 based on the estimated percentage of infected leaf area:
1 = No visible disease symptom
2 = 1 to 10% of the area covered by lesions
3 = l I to 20% of the area covered by lesions 20 4 = 21 to 30% of the area covered by lesions

5 = 31 to 40% of the area covered by lesions
6 = 41 to 50% of the area covered by lesions
7 = 51 to 60% of the area covered by lesions
8 = 61 to 70% of the area covered by lesions 25 9 = 71 to 80% of the area covered by lesions
IO=> 80% of the area covered by lesions from downy mildew infection.
Anthracnose disease incidence scale
30 The per cent disease incidence was recorded based on 0-9 scale, where: 0 = No disease infection

1 = 1 to 5% disease infection 3 = 6-10% disease infection 5 = 11-25% disease infection 7 = 26-50% disease infection 5 9 = > 50% disease infection
Yield
In order to record the yield, the fruits were harvested from the individual plots and yield 10 was recorded and expressed as q/ha.
Experimental Results:
Bio-efficacy of Metalaxyl-M 3.9% + Mancozeb 64% WG on downy mildew and 15 anthracnose of grape (var. Bangalore blue) was taken under field conditions. The composition was tested at three different doses (0.20%, 0.25% and 0.30%) along with standard check fungicides viz., Mancozeb 75% WP @2000 g/ha, Metalaxyl M 4% + Mancozeb 64% WP @0.25%.
20 Downy Mildew disease control
Table 5

Treatments Formulations (g/ha) Percentage Disease Index (PDI) Mean PDI % reduction in disease over control

10 days after 1st spray 10 days after 2nd spray 10 days after 3rd spray

Metalaxyl-M 3.9% 0.20% 6.14 9.01 11.24 8.80 49.47
+ Mancozeb 64% (14.35) (17.47) (19.57)
WG
Metalaxyl-M 3.9% 0.25% 4.50 5.55 6.66 5.57 68.01
+ Mancozeb 64% (12.24) (13.63) (14.96)
WG

Metalaxyl-M 3.9% 0.30% 3.96 4.89 5.87 4.91 71.82
+ Mancozeb 64% (11.48) (12.77) (14.02)
WG
Mancozeb 75% 2000 6.34 9.74 12.11 9.39 46.04
WP (14.59) (18.17) (20.35)
Metalaxyl-M 4% 0.25% 6.05 7.94 9.96 7.98 54.14
+ mancozeb 64% (14.23) (16.37) (18.39)
WP
Control -- 10.11 (18.53) 16.52 (23.98) 25.60 (30.38) 17.41 -
CD at 5% 0.89 1.04 1.75
Figures in the bracket are arcsine transformed values.
Before spray the downy mildew disease PDI ranged from 3.72 to 4.31. Application of the Metalaxyl-M 3.9% + Mancozeb 64% WG @ 0.30% was found highly effective in 5 controlling Downy mildew disease of grapes with PDI of 3.96, 4.89 and 5.87 at all three observations time, followed by the Metalaxyl-M 3.9% + Mancozeb 64% WG @ 0.25% g with PDT of 4.50, 5.55 and 6.66 with PDI of 5.33, 6.82 and 8.61 at 1st, 2nd and 3rd observations respectively. Metalaxyl M 4% + Mancozeb 64% WP@ 0.25% was recorded PDT of 6.05, 7.94 and 9.96 which was on par with treatment Metalaxyl-M 3.9% + 10 Mancozeb 64% WG @ 0.20% with PDI of6.14, 9.01 and 11.24 at all three observations time and Mancozeb 75% WP@ 2000 g/ha with PDI of 6.34, 9.74 and 12.11. Control was recorded highest PDT of I 0.11, 16.52 and 25.60 (Table 5).
Anthracnose disease control

Treatments Formulatio Percentage Disease Index Mean % reduction
ns (g/ha) (PDI) PDI in disease over control

10 days 10 days 10 days

after 1st spray after 2nd spray after 3rd spray
Metalaxyl-M 2000 5.68 7.04 7.65 6.79 67.20
3.9% + (13.78) (15.35) (16.04)

Mancozeb
64% WG
Metalaxyl-M 2500 3.58 4.57 5.19 4.44 78.53
3.9% + (10.87) (12.33) (13.14)
Mancozeb
64% WG
Metalaxyl-M 3000 3.21 3.33 4.07 3.54 82.90
3.9% + (10.29) (10.51) (11.61)
Mancozeb
64% WG
Mancozeb 2000 6.91 9.01 10.62 8.85 57.26
75% WP (15.22) (17.37) (19.01)
Metalaxyl-M 2500 5.80 6.67 7.16 6.54 68.39
4% + (13.89) (14.93) (15.51)
mancozeb
64% WP
Control -- 14.20 (22.12) 20.25 (26.71) 27.65 (31.71) 20.70 -
CD at 5% 1.96 2.68 2.13
Figures in the bracket are arcsine transformed values.
Before spray the anthracnose disease PDI ranged from 3.02 to 4.29. Application of 5 Metalaxyl-M 3.9% + Mancozeb 64% WG @ 3000 g/ha was found highly effective in controlling Anthracnose disease of grapes with POI of 3 .21 , 3.33 and 4.07 at all three observations time, followed by Metalaxyl-M 3.9% + Mancozeb 64% WG @ 2500 g/ha with PDT of 3.58, 4.57 and 5.19 with PDI of 5.19, 6.05 and 6.67 at 1st, 2nd and 3rd observations respectively. Metalaxyl M 4% + Mancozeb 64% WP@ 2500 g/ha was 10 recorded PDT of 5.80, 6.67 and 7.16 which was on par with treatment Metalaxyl-M 3.9% + Mancozeb 64% WG @ 2000 g/ha with PDT of 5.68, 7.04 and 7.65 at three observations

time followed by Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2000 g/ha with PDI of 6.91, 9.0 I and 10.62. Control was recorded highest POI of 14.20, 20.25 and 27.65 (Table 6).
Yield:
5 Application of Metalaxyl-M 3.9% + Mancozeb 64% WG @ 0.30% g recorded highest fruit yield (357.50 q/ha), followed by Metalaxyl-M 3.9% + Mancozeb 64% WG @ 0.25% (349.38 q/ha). Metalaxyl M 4% + Mancozeb 64% WP @ 2500 g/ha was recorded fruit yield of 308.19 q/ha which was on par with treatment Metalaxyl-M 3.9% + Mancozeb 64% @ 0.20% (318.94 q/ha) followed by Mancozeb 75% WP@ 2000 g/ha (283.69 q/ha). 10 Control was recorded lowest fruit yield of 191.16 q/ha. Metalaxyl-M 3.9% + Mancozeb 64% @ 0.30% was recorded highest% increase in fruit yield over control (46.53%) (Table 7).
Table 7

Treatments Formulations Yield (q/ha) % increase in fruit yield
(g/ha) over control
Metalaxyl-M 0.20% 318.94 40.06
3.9% +
Mancozeb 64%
WG
Metalaxyl-M 0.25% 349.38 45.29
3.9% +
Mancozeb 64%
WG
Metalaxyl-M 0.30% 357.50 46.53
3.9% +
Mancozeb 64%
WG
Mancozeb 75% 2000 283.69 32.62
WP
Metalaxyl-M 0.25% 308.19 37.97
4% + mancozeb

64% WP
Control - 191.16 -
Based on the studies Metalaxyl M 3.9% + Mancozeb 64% WG @ 0.30% and 0.25% was found effective to control the downy mildew disease and anthracnose disease incidence on grapes. Hence the use of Metalaxyl M 3.9% + Mancozeb 64% WG @ 0.25% is suggested for the effective management of downy mildew and anthracnose diseases of grapes.
Example 4
Cost: Benefit ratio
The Cost: Benefit ratio was calculated based on application cost of treatments, crop yield and price of the product. It was observed that the composition of Metalaxyl-M + Mancozeb WG @ 3.0 g/L & @ 2.5 g/L recorded higher cost benefit ratio of 1 :4.96 and 1 :4.92 in comparison to all other treatment (Table 8).

Treatments Dosage/ha Yield Price (Rs./q) Gross return Average cost of Cost of fungicide Total cost Net return C:B ratio

Formulati

ons (g or ml/L) other inputs and sprays
Metalaxyl- 2.0 182.60 4000 730400 151200 6300 157500 572900 1: 3.63
M 3.9% +
Mancozeb
64% WG
Metalaxyl- 2.5 235.58 4000 942320 151200 7875 159075 783245 1: 4.92
M 3.9% +
Mancozeb

Metalaxyl- 3.0 239.37 4000 957480 151200 9450 160650 796830 1: 4.96
M 3.9% +
Mancozeb
64% WG
Metalaxyl- 2.5 223.83 4000 895320 151200 9750 160950 734370 l: 4.56
M 4% +
mancozeb
64% WP
Control -- 109.20 4000 436800 151200 0 151200 285600 1: 1.88
Price:
Metalaxyl-M 3.9% + Mancozeb 64% WG @ Rs 1050/Kg, Mancozeb 75% WP @ Rs 500/Kg, 5 Metalaxyl M 4% + Mancozeb 64% WP @ Rs 1300/Kg.

We claim:
1. A fungicidal composition comprising:
a) at least one multi-site fungicide selected from copper fungicides, sulfur
fungicides, dithiocarbamate fungicides, phthalimide fungicides, chloronitrile
5 fungicides, sulfamide fungicides, guanidine fungicides, triazines fungicides, quinone
fungicides or a combination thereof;
b) at least one acylalanine fungicide; and
c) at least an agrochemically acceptable excipient.
2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition has a cost to benefit
10 ratio in the range from 1:1 to 1:5.
3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the multisite fungicide is selected
from copper fungicides, sulfur fungicides, dithiocarbamate fungicides, phthalimide
fungicides, chloronitrile fungicides, sulfamide fungicides, guanidine fungicides,
triazines fungicides, quinone fungicides or a combination thereof.
15 4. The composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein dithiocarbamate fungicide is
mancozeb. 5. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein dithiocarbamate fungicide is present in a concentration in the range from about 50 % w/w to 70% w/w of the total weight of the composition.
20 6. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acylalanine fungicide is selected
from metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M or a combination thereof. 7. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein acylalanine fungicide is present in a concentration in the range from about 1% w/w to about 10% w/w of the total weight of the composition.
25 8. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the agrochemically acceptable
excipient is selected from dispersant, disintegrant, emulsifiers, wetting agents, binder,
glidant, anticaking agents, pH-regulating agents, preservatives, biocides, antifoaming
agents, colorants, fillers stabilizers, other formulation aids or combination thereof.
9. The composition as claimed in claim 8, wherein the dispersant is selected from
30 sodium lignosulfonate, salts of naphthalenesulphonic acid/formaldehyde condensates,
salts of condensates of naphthalenesulphonic acid, phenolsulphonic acid and formaldehyde, and salts of lignosulphonic acid, modified sodium lignosulfonate, polyethylene oxide/polypropylene oxide block copolymers, polyethylene glycol ethers
39

of linear alcohols, potassium polycarboxylate, modified styrene acrylic polymer or
combinations thereof.
10. The composition as claimed in claim 9, wherein the dispersant is sodium
lignosulfonate or salts thereof.
5 11. The composition as claimed in claim 10, wherein the dispersant concentration is in the
range from about 1% w/w to 30% w/w of the total composition.
12. The composition as claimed in claim 8, wherein the wetting agent is selected from
sodium diisopropyl naphthalene sulphonate, sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium alkyl
naphthalene sulfonate, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, alkylbenzene sulfonates, dioctyl sodium
10 sulfosuccinate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl ether sulfate, sodium alkyl
benzene sulfate, or combinations thereof.
13. The composition as claimed in claim 12, wherein the wetting agent is sodium
diisopropyl napthalene sulphonate.
14. The composition as claimed in claim 12, wherein the wetting agent concentration is in
15 the range from about 0.1% w/w to about 10 % w/w of the total composition.
15. The composition as claimed in claim 8, wherein the emulsifier is selected from
sulphated polyarylphenol ethoxylate, ammonium salt, ethoxylated tristyrylphenol
sulfate or phosphate, ethoxylated fat alcohol, ethoxylated alkylphenol, ethoxylated
tristyrylphenol ethoxylated polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol and
20 copolymers thereof, ethoxylated tristyrylphenol derivative, polyethylene
oxide/polypropylene oxide block copolymers, copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylic esters, polyarylphenyl ether sulphate ammonium salt, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate ester or combinations thereof.
25 16. The composition as claimed in claim 15, wherein the emulsifier is sulphated
polyarylphenol ethoxylate, ammonium salt.
17. The composition as claimed in claim 15, wherein the emulsifier concentration is in the
range from about 0.01 w/w to about 10 % w/w of the total composition.
18. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition is a water dispersible
30 granule.
19. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein acylalanine fungicide and multisite fungicide are used in a ratio in the range from 1:1 to 1:20.
20. A fungicidal composition comprising:
a. at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide;
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b. at least one acylalanine fungicide;
c. at least one dispersant;
d. at least one emulsifier;
e. at least one wetting agent; and
5 f. optionally at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient
21. A method of controlling fungal diseases comprising applying a composition
comprising combination of
a. at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide;
b. at least one acylalanine fungicide; and
10 c. at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient
wherein the composition has a cost to benefit ratio in the range of 1:1 to 1:5.
22. The method as claimed in claim 21, wherein dithiocarbamate fungicide is mancozeb
and acylalanine fungicide is metalaxyl or metalaxyl-m.