FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to fungicidal compositions, more particularly. the
invention relates to a synergistic fungicidal composition comprising
dithiocarbamate fungicide selected from a group of mancozeb, maneb, propineb,
zineb etc. and Penconazole.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Most crop and ornamental plants are subject to attack by several fungi. Plant
disease damage to ornamental, vegetable, field, cereal and fruit crops can cause
significant reduction in productivity and thereby result in increased costs to the
consumer. In addition to often being highly destructive, plant diseases can be
difficult to control and may develop resistance to commercial fungicides. The
diversity of these organisms and their potential for inciting serious disorders in
combination or singly has resulted in the need for broad-spectrum disease control.
Combinations of fungicides are often used to facilitate disease control, to broaden
spectrum of control and to retard resistance development.
When two or more substances in combination demonstrate unexpectedly high
biological activity, for example fungicidal activity, the resultant phenomenon may
be referred to as synergism. The reason or mechanism for the synergy may not be
always known, and may differ with different combinations, but the effect can
always be observed experimentally. The term 'synergism' or 'synergy' hereinafter
refers to a cooperative action encountered in a combination of two or more
biologically active components in which the combined activity of the two or more
components exceeds the sum of the activity of each component alone.
US 4474805 discloses a synergistic mixture of fungicides consisting of N-2-6-
dimethyl phenyl)-N-(l-methoxycarbonyl-ethyl)-phenyl-acetamide and a
dithiocarbamate selected from the group consisting of Zineb and Mancozeb. US
patent 6172094 discloses a synergistic mixture of Carbamate and a
dithiocarbamate selected from the group consisting of manganese ethylene
(dithiocarbamate) (Zinc complex), (mancozeb) manganese ethylene
bis(dithiocarbamate), (Maneb) zinc ammoniate ethylene bis (dithiocarbamate) and
zinc ethylene bis(dithi0carbamate) (Zineb) where in the weight ratio of the
dithiocarbamate to the carbamate is 200: 1 to 0.1 : 1.
Also, Chinese patents CN101779645A, CN102835407A, CN101700028A and
CN102113511A describe the combination of the class of strobilurins with
different dithiocarbamates.
More so ever, in all the prior art there are some associated disadvantages such as
some of them are phytotoxic to plants thereby reducing the growth and reducing
the yield, some of them are effective only against specific pathogens or in specific
crops or they are not effective against some major pathogens. So, there is a need
for further application of different plant growth hormones1 plant proteins to
increase the crop yields or different fungicides to control the pathogens to
minimize all the side effects or losses associated with application of a particular
combination which makes the entire process time and cost consuming and
extremely difficult for fanners and also increases environmental load by repeated
application of fungicides or other chemicals.
Therefore there is a need in the art for a composition comprising dithiocarbarnate
fungicide selected from a group of mancozeb, maneb, propineb, zineb etc. and
Penconazole.
Dithiocarbamates and Triazoles are two independent group of fungicides known
for their wide spread and multisite action on various fungal diseases in
economically important plant species. In some of the prior arts, synergistic
mixture of dithiocarbamate fungicides with triazole fungicides are described but
nowhere in prior art mention the combination of dithiocarbamate with
penconazole fungicide. Accordingly, the present invention provides a synergistic
fungicidal combination comprising (A) dithiocarbamate fungicide selected from a
group of mancozeb, maneb, propineb, zineb more particularly mancozeb and a
further fungicidally active namely penconazole.
Mancozeb (manganese ethylenebis(dithi0carbamate) (polymeric) complex with
zinc salt) is a dithiocarbamate fungicide developed from two other
dithiocarbamates: maneb and zineb and first reported in Fungic.Nematic. Tests,
1961.17. It is the zinc ion coordination product with manganese ethylene-1, 2-
bisdithiocarbamate polymer, having the following chemical structure:
Mancozeb has a polymeric structul-e containing 1.6 percent zinc. in which 6
percent of the units are in the fonn of a coordination complex. Mancozeb is
essentially inert to oxidation by atmospheric oxidation, in contrast with maneb. It
is also essentially non- phytotoxic in contrast with maneb, zineb or mixtures of
these which are harmful to a number of plants. It is known to act by reacting with,
and inactivates, the sulfhydryl groups of amino acids and enzymes of fungal cell,
resulting in disruption of lipid metabolism, respiration and production
of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mancozeb is a broad spectrum, non-systemic
fungicide with protective action. It is widely used for control of many fungal
diseases in a wide range of crops, fruits, nuts, vegetables, ornaments for control of
early and late blight, downey mildew, scab, rot etc.
The standard composition of mancozeb available in the art is an 80 percent
wettable powder containing 16% manganese and 2% zinc. However, there are
many disadvantages associated with the use of a powder composition. For
example, US5001 150 discloses removal of disadvantages associated with powder
composition and teaches a non-dusty spray dried Mancozeb water dispersible
granules (WDG) and the process for their production.
Fungicidal compositions containing Triazoles as active ingredient are known and
have been found be effective against fungal diseases such as scab, blast, sheath
blight, powdery mildew, tikka, leaf spot, fruit spot, etc. in economically important
crops such as apple, grape, groundnut, peas, mango etc. Triazole fungicides such
as Penconazole, Hexaconazole, Tebuconazole, Propiconazole, and
Difenoconazole are available commercially in the form of wettable powder (WP),
water dispersible granule (WDG). emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and suspcnsion
concentrate (SC) formulations. Considering the importance of effective control of
a broad spectrum of fungal diseases such as scab, blast, blight, mildew, tikka, leaf
spot, fruit spot etc. in economically important crops such as mango, tobacco,
coconut, turmeric, tea potato, etc. the need for a fungicidal composition which is
stable, ready to use and less expensive was felt.
Penconazole, (RS)-I-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole (The
Pesticide Manual, 17th Ed. (2015), entry no. 61 I), is a fungicide which is effective
against a number of diseases caused by ascomycetes, basidiomycetes and
deuteromycetes in vines, pome fruits, stone fruits, and vegetables including
Powdery mildew, scab etc. Penconazole is systemic fungicide with protective and
curative action represented by following structure.
Penconazole is absorbed by the leaves with acropetal and strong translaminar
translocation and acts by inhibition of sterol demethylation during cell membrane
ergosterol biosynthesis thereby stopping development of fungus. Despite being a
broad spectrum fungicide, its phytotoxic effects or phytotoxicity was reported in
literature. For cxample. F. Montfort et al.. Pesticide Science 46(4), 1996, 3 15-322,
report that the use of azole fungicides, such as triticonazole, for the treatment of
sced and crop plants may have an adversc effect on plant growth.
W02008/155416 describes use of gibberellin for reducing or preventing the
phytotoxic effect of azole fungicides or of azole fungicides used in combination
with anilide fungicides, primarily for seed treatment.
Further it has been observed that whenever two individual fungicides such as
mancozeb and Penconazole fungicide are used in combination, due to the presence
of both types of fungicides, the combination gives a better control of fungal
diseases than when they are used individually due the synergistic action. In view
of the above, obtaining an fungicidal combination which demonstrates no crossresistance
to the existing fungicidal agents, no toxicity problems and little
negative impact on the environment is extremely difficult. Thus, it is an objective
of this invention to provide a synergistic fungicidal combination which
demonstrate a high controlling effect along with reduced crop protection cost and
reduced environmental load.
Fungicidal combinations offer significant advantages over individual applications
including improved and extended fungal control, reduced fungicide application
rates and costs, shorter contact times for improved results, less stringent use
restrictions, improved selectivity, improved spectrum of fungi controlled, reduced
cost and reduced residue problems. However, identifying appropriate fungicide
application rates and ratio of the combinations is essential to achieve efficacious
disease control. Hitherto, there have been no studies to determine the mostefficacious
and synergistic ratios of ~iiancozeb and penconaxole. at which ratio
these fungicides synergistically complement each other's fungicidal properties not
seen at other ratios. Thus there exists a need in the art for a composition
comprising mancozeb and penconazole at a ratio which shows superior and
effective control on fungal infections.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is broadly related to a fungicidal formulation. In accordance
with an aspect of the invention, there is provided a synergistic fungicidal
composition, comprising:
a) an agrochemically effective amount of dithiocarbamate; and
b) an agrochemically effective amount of Penconazole.
The dithiocarbamate is selected from mancozeb, maneb, propineb, and zineb,
preferably Mancozeb, and wherein the ratio between the dithiocarbamate and
penconazole ranges from 100:l to 25:1, preferably 66.66:l to 33.33: 1, and more
preferably from 50.1 to 50: 1 .l.
In accordance with another aspect, there is provided a fungicidal formulation,
comprising:
a. the synergistic fungicidal composition; and
b. agriculturally acceptable excipients;
wherein the amount of dithiocarbamate ranges from about 40 to 60% wlw and
wherein the amount of Penconazole ranges from about 0.9 to 1.2% wlw.
In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the fungicidal formulation, is
in the form of a Dry flowable (DF) formulation.
The fungicidal formulation comprises agriculturally acceptable cxcipients selected
from dispersing agents, wetting agents, antifoaming agents. disintegration agents
and fillers.
The fungicidal fom~ulation, comprises the dispersing agent in an amount of 1 to
20% wlw and selected from the group consisting of sodium salt of naphthalene
sulfonate condensate, Sulfonated aromatic polymer sodium salt, Sodium
Polycarboxylate, Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-[methyl[(9Z)-1-0x0-9-
octadecenyl]amino]-, sodium salt and combinations thereof.
The fungicidal formulation, comprises the wetting agent in an amount of 1 to 20%
wlw and selected from the group consisting of sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium
alkyl naphthalene sulfonate blend, sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate and
combinations thereof.
Further, the fungicidal formulation comprises the antifoaming agent in an amount
of 0.01 to 0.5% wlw and is dimethyl polysiloxane emulsion.
Still further, the fungicidal formulation, comprises the disintegration agent in an
amount of 0.1 to 5% wlw and selected from the group consisting of citric acid,
sodium bicarbonate and combinations thereof.
The fungicidal formulation, of the present invention comprises fillers selected
from the group consisting of ammonium sulphate, china clay, silica and
combinations thereof.
The fungicidal formulation, of the present invention has good stability,
wettability, suspensibility, dispersibility and is non-phytotoxic.
In accordance with anothcr aspect, there is provided a process for preparing a
fungicidal formulation in the form of a dry flowable (DF) formulation, comprising
thc steps of:
a. mixing demineralized (D M) water, dispersing agent, wetting
agent, antifoaming agent, disintegration agent, Penconazole,
Mancozeb and filler in a high shear mixing vessel to form a
homogeneous mixture;
b. grinding the homogenous mixture of step a in a bead mill to form a
homogenous mass until a mean particle size of below 5 microns is
obtained;
c. spray drying the homogeneous mass of step b through nozzle of a
spray dryer to obtain granules of 200- 500 microns;
d. drying the granules of step c in a fluid bed dryer (FBD); and
packing the dried granules.
wherein the added mancozeb and penconazole are in a ratio ranging from 100: 1 to
25:1, preferably 66.66:l to 33.33:1, and more preferably from 50:l to 50:l.l.
In accordance with still another aspect, there is provided a method for effectively
controlling pathogenic fungi at a locus, said method comprising treating a locus
with a composition comprising mancozeb and penconazole in a fungicidally
effective amount; wherein mancozeb and penconazole are in a fungicidally
effective ratio ranging from 100:l to 25:1, preferably 66.66:l to 33.33:1, and more
preferably from 50:l to 50:l .I.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Figure 1. Flow diagram for preparation of synergistic fungicidal mixture in the
form of Dry flowable (DF) formulation.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a novel fungicidal combination comprising of bio
effective amounts of dithiocarbamate fungicide and penconazole along with other
excipients. It has surprisingly been found that the use of a contact protective
dithiocarbamate fungicide selected from group of mancozeb, maneb, propineb,
zineb more particularly mancozeb along with penconazole effectively controls a
wide spectrum of fungal diseases by both contact and systemic action for a longer
period.
The term "agrochemically effective amount" is that quantity of active agent,
applied in any amount which will provide the required control of pest and
diseases. The particular amount is dependent upon many factors including, for
example, the crop, pest and disease sought to be controlled and environmental
conditions. The selection of the proper quantity of active agent to be applied,
however, is within the expertise of one skilled in the art.
There exists a need in the art to solve the problem of phytotoxicity and resistance
of fungicide formulations. There is provided in accordance with this invention a
novel synergistic fungicidal composition comprising mancozeb and penconazole.
In an aspect. the composition of the present invention comprises mancozeb and
penconazole in a ratio of 100:l to 25:1, preferably 66.66:l to ii..33:1, Inore
preferably from 50: 1 to 50: 1.1.
In another aspect, the composition of the present invention comprises mancozeb
and penconazole in a ratio of about 50:1, wherein the total weight of mancozeb
and penconazole together is about 51% by weight of the composition. Thus, in an
aspect, the combination of the present invention comprises about 50.00% by
weight of mancozeb and 1.00% by weight of penconazole.
In yet another aspect the present invention provides a fungicidal composition
comprising a fungicidally effective amount of mancozeb and a fungicidally
effective amount of penconazole along with at least one agrochemically suitable
adjuvant or excipient, wherein the ratio of said amounts of mancozeb and
penconazole is about 50: 1. Another aspect of the present invention is to provide
fungicidal composition comprising a combination of mancozeb and penconazole
in a synergistic ratio for an efficacious fungal control. Yet another aspect of the
present invention is to provide fungicidal composition that is useful for effectively
controlling early and late blight, powdery and downey mildew, scab, rot control
and also enhances the vigouriyield of the plant.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention, the
composition is a non-phytotoxic fungicidal composition.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide fungicidal composition
which is having good suspensibility and dispersibility.
111 accordance with yet another aspcct of the invention, the synergistic fungicidal
combination further comprises at least one agriculturally acceptable adjuvant or
excipient selected from at least one dispersing agent, at least one wetting agent, at
least one anti-foaming agent, at least one disintegration agent, at least one filler
and combinations thereof.
In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, the dispersing agent is
present in an amount of 1.00-20.00% wlw.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention, the dispersing agent
is selected from sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate/ Sulfonated
aromatic polymer, sodium salt / Sodium Polycarboxylate / Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-
[methyl[(9Z)-1 -oxo-9-octadecenyl]amino]-s,o dium salt or in combination thereof.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention, the wetting agent is
present in an amount of 1.00-20.00% w/w.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention, the wetting agent is
selected from sodium lauryl sulphate 1 sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate blend 1
sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate or in combination thereof.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention, the anti-foaming
agent is dimethyl polysiloxane emulsion and present in an amount of 0.01-0.50%
wlw.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention, the disintegration
agent is selected from Citric acid 1 Sodium Bicarbonate and present in an amount
of 0.10-5.00% WIW.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention, the tiller is sclccted
from Ammonium Sulphate iChina Clay 1 Silica.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention, the synergistic
fungicidal composition is formulated as a Dry flowable (DF), oil-dispersion (OD),
capsulated suspension (CS), water dispersible granules (WG or WDG),
Suspension Concentrate (SC) etc.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the synergistic
fungicidal composition is formulated as Dry flowable (DF) by the known
procedure.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method
of preparing a Dry flowable (DF) for a synergistic fungicidal combination
comprising mancozeb and penconazole.
In accordance with an embodiment of the invention there is provided a method of
preparing a Dry flowable (DF) formulation for a synergistic fungicidal
combination comprising mancozeb and penconazole. All the raw materials were
verified for conformance to the laid down individual specifications. The process
steps are as follows.
(i) Take (30-50% of total recipe) demineralized (D M) water in high shear
mixing vessel and add wetting agent, dispersing agent and mix
homogeneously and then add Penconazole, Mancozeb technical and other
raw materials in the given proportion and mix to form a homogeneous
mixture.
(ii) The above mixture is ground in a head mill to form a homogenous mass
until a mean particle size of below 5 microns is obtained.
(iii)Spray dry the homogeneous mass of step (ii) through nozzle of a spray
dryer to obtain granules of 200- 500 microns;
(iv)Dry the granules of step (iii) in a fluid bed dryer (FBD); and pack the dried
granules.
The present invention is more particularly described in the following examples
that are intended as illustrations only, since numerous modifications and
variations within the scope of the present invention will be apparent to those of
skill in the art. Unless otherwise noted, all parts, percentages, and ratios reported
in the following examples are on a weight basis and all reagent used in the
example were obtained or are available from the chemical suppliers.
EXAMPLES
The following examples illustrate embodiments of the proposed invention that are
presently best known. However, other embodiments can be practiced that are also
within the scope of the present invention. All of the agrochemical formulations,
according to the scope of the present invention and exemplified below had
excellent storage stability properties.
Example 1-4:
The unit of each value below is "% wlw" i. e. the percentage by weight, relative to
the weight of the total solution or composition unless otherwise specified. The
compositions contemplated by each of the Examples 1-4 that at-c tabulated in
Table 1 are fonnulated as a dry flowable (DF) formulation.
Table 1: Synergistic Fungicidal Composition
Component Function Examples
1 2 3 4
Mancozeb **A.I 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00
Penconazole **A.I 0.9 1.00 1.10 1.20
Sodium Salt of Naphthalene Dispersing Agent 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00
Sulfonate Condensate
Sodium Lauryl Sulphate Wetting Agent 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
Dimethyl Polysiloxane Anti-foaming 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
Emulsion agent
Citric Acid 1 Sodium Disintegration 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
Bicarbonate agent
Ammonium Sulphate Filler *q.s. *q.s. *q.s. *q.s.
**kl.= Aetivs ingredient
*q.s.= qusntity sufficient
Example 5
Process for preparing the synergistic fungicidal composition in the form of a
dry flowable (DF) formulation.
The synergistic fungicidal composition(s) of Example 1-4 are prepared by the
process described hereinafter. The process of manufacture for 100 kg batch size of
fungicidal composition comprising effective amounts of dithiocal-hamate
fungicide (Mancozeb) and Penconazole is described. All the raw materials were
verified for conformance to the laid down individual specifications. The raw
materials required for preparing compositions of examples 1 to 4 are illustrated in
table 2 under the column headings 1 to 4 respectively. Entries for mancozeb and
penconazole in table 2 differ from those in table 1 as entries in table 1 are for
100% pure compounds, whereas those in table 2 are for technical ones, i.e. those
containing a certain percentage of impurities.
The amounts of active ingredients presented in table 2 may be greater than the
values calculated taking into account the percentage purity of the active
ingredients, to compensate for losses of said ingredients during the manufacturing
process. It was observed that following said procedure on industrial scale the final
yield of active ingredients (A.I.) will be similar or same as to standardized values.
In accordance with an embodiment of the invention there is provided a method of
preparing a Dry flowable (DF) formulation for a synergistic fungicidal
combination comprising mancozeb and penconazole. The steps of the process are
as follows.
(i) Take (30-50% of total recipe) demineralized (D M) water in a high shear
mixing vessel and add wetting agent, dispersing agent and mix
homogeneously and then add Penconazole, Mancozeb technical and other
raw materials in the given proportion and mix to form a homogeneous
mixture.
(ii) The above mixture is ground in a bead mill to fonn a homogenous mass
until a mean particle size of below 5 microns is obtained.
(iii)Spray dry the homogeneous mass of step (ii) through nozzle of a spray
dryer to obtain granules of 200- 500 microns;
(iv)Dry the granules of step (iii) in a fluid bed dryer (FBD); and pack the dried
granules.
Table 2: Quantities of technical and raw materials charged
charged (Kg1100 kg batch)
Mancozeb Technical
5
7
Condensate
Sodium Laurel
Sulphate
Dimethyl Polysiloxane
Emulsion
Citric Acid 1 Sodium
Bicarbonate
Ammonium Sulphate
Wetting
Agent
Antifoaming
agent
Disintegrati
on agent
Filler
2.00
0.02
5.00
26.20
2.00
0.02
5.00
26.09
2.00
0.02
5.00
25.99
2.00
0.02
5.00
25.88
Example 6
Comparative Evaluation of various ratios of the synergistic fungicidal
combination of Mancozeb and Penconazole against Powdery Mildew and
Downey Mildew in grape vines
Method & Time of Application
Field tests of the compositions according to the present invention were conducted
at various controlled trial sites in Central and South India. The performance of the
fungicidal composition prepared as described in example 5 according to the
present invention was compared against the known compositions of mancozeb and
penconazole, which were evaluated against Powdery Mildew and Downey
Mildew diseases in grape vines and also the vigourlyield of the crop, was tested.
The grape vines were pruned in October. The required amount of fungicides were
weighed and diluted with water to get the stated concentration of the active
compound and application was made using power operated knapsack type sprayer
fitted pressure regulator and a vertical bar with two hollow cone nozzle using a
spray fluid of 500 litha. Experimental design was in randomized blocks with five
replication and each plot was measured an area of 100 sq. mts (15 vines each
plot). The intensity for disease severity was analysed at 3,7 and 14 days after each
application or spray. Per cent disease index (PDI) was calculated by using formula
adopted by Horsfall and Heuberger, 1942 as follows
The per cent disease index (PDI) was calculated by using the following fonnula,
PDI = Sum of all disease Ratings x I00
Total no of Ieaveslfruits assessed x Maximum Disease rating
The per cent disease control (PDC) was calculated by the following fonnula
PDC= PDI in control - PDI in treatment x 100
PDI in Control
Table 3 Treatment details for evaluation of bio-efficacy of novel fungicidal
composition against fungal diseases in grape vines
The phytotoxic effect of different treatment schedules were also observed in ten
randomly selected plants from each plot as suggested by Rao (1983) on 0-10 scale
Penconazole DF
Penconazole DF
Mancozeb 75% WP
T6
T7
Penconazole 10% EC
Untreated Control
(Water Spray)
10 25 250 ml
-
(given below. table 4) for leaf injury, wilting and vein clearing. Observations wcrc
taken on I , 3, 7, & 14 days after application and presented in Table 8.
Table 4: Phytotoxicity visual scoring 0-10 (EWRC system)
Description of
Rating
No injury, 0
normal
Description of
Remarks
Moderately
no recovery tolerant
possible
Slight injury I 1 1 1 Resistant 1 Sever injury.
discoloration stand loss
Some standing
crop, stunning 1
discoloration
Moderate
injury, recovery
possible
Injury more
pronounced but
not persistent
Injury more
persistent,
recovery more
doubtful
2
3
Moderately
tolerant
Tolerant
Moderately
tolerant
Tolerant
The effectiveness of the individual and the combined treatment for control of
Almost
destroyed, a few
plants surviving
Very few plants
alive
disease spectrum for Grape vines at different combinations of mancozeb and
Complete
destruction
penconazole to demonstrate synergistic impact of mancozeb and penconazole
8
9
combinations @ different doses is given in Tables 5-7.
Susceptible
Highly
susceptible
10 Highly
susceptible
Table 5: Effect of different treatments of hlancozeb and Penconazole on
Percent disease index (PDI) and Percent Disease Control for Powdery
Mildew in Grape vines
* Mean of four replications
5 66.43
Values in parentheses are arcsine-transformed values
6
7
In a column, means followed by a common letter are not significantly different at the 5% level by
DMRT
PTO- Pre Treatment Observation, PDI- Per cent Disease Index
T6
T7
(18.96)"
11.38
(19.71)"~
12.00
(20.26)~'
(1 ~ . 5 4 ) = ~
10.00
(18.43)~~
18.79
(25.68)'
(16.43)'
9.37
(17.~2)~'
24.13
(29.42)*
(18.65)~'
8.23
(16.67)~'
30.47
(33.50)~
72.99
-
Table 6: Effect of different treatments of Rlancozeb and Penconazole on
Percent disease index (PDI) and Percent Disease Control for Downey Mildew
diseases in Grape vines
PTO- Pre Treatment Observation, PDI- Per cent Disease Index
* Mean of four replications
Values in parentheses are arcsine-transformed values
In a column, means followed by a common letter are not significantly different at the 5% level by
DMRT
Table 7: Effect of different combinations of Mancozeb and Penconazolc on
Yield in Grape Vines
PDC: Percent disease control
t ha ': tonnes per hactare
Table 8: Phytotoxic Effect of Different Treatments on Grape Vines
S. No
1
2
3
Phytotoxicity ratings*
Treatments
Treatments
TI
T2
T3
Fruit Yield*
(t ha-')
20.65
21.57
21.05
*Observed on I, 3, 7, & 14 days after each spraying
R = Replication
Leaf injury
R1
Wilting Vein clearing
R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3
It was surprisingly found that a formulation comprising Mancozeb and
Penconazole (DF) shows much better control against major diseases when
compared against commercial fonnulations available in the market i.e. Mancozeb
75% WP and Penconazole 10% EC at recommended dose when applied three
times at 15 days interval along with significant increase in yieldlhectare.
The maximum disease incidence for powdery mildew was observed in control i.e.
30.47 PDI and least in T4 i.e. 5.87 PDI with over 80.74% control.
Similarly, the maximum disease incidence for downey mildew was recorded in
control with 27.49 PDI against 4.00 PDI in T4 with over 85% control.
Highest gape h i t yield of 22 tlacre was recorded in treatment T4 which was
significantly better than all other commercial treatments and control and at par
with other treatments of Mancozeb and Penconazole DF.
Based on the above it is clear that present investigation has following advantages
The present invention provides a combination of Mancozeb and
Penconazole at a synergistic ratio.
The compositions of the present invention display an improved and
extended disease control, reduced fungicidal application rates and costs,
less stringent use restrictions, improved selectivity, improved spectrum of
disease controlled, reduced costs, and reduced residue problems.
The present invention for a combination of Mancozeb and Penconazole at
a synergistic ratio may be formulated as Dry flowable (DF).
From the foregoing it will bc observed that numerous modifications and variations
can be effectuated without departing from the true spirit and scope of the novel
concepts of the present investigation. It is to be understood that no limitations with
respect to the specific embodiment illustrated is intended or should bc inferred. It
should be understood that all such modifications and improvements have been
deleted herein for the sake of conciseness and readability but are properly within
the scope of the following claims.

We Claim
1. A syncrgistic fungicidal composition. comprising:
a) an agrochemically effective amount of dithiocarbarnate: and
b) an agrocheinically effective amount of Penconazole.
2. The synergistic fungicidal composition, as claimed in clairn 1, wherein the
dithiocarbamate is selected from mancozeb, maneb, propineb, and zineb.
3. The synergistic fungicidal composition, as claimed in claims 1 and 2,
wherein the dithiocarbamate is preferably Mancozeb, and wherein the ratio
between the dithiocarbamate and penconazole ranges from 100: 1 to 25: 1,
preferably 66.66: 1 to 33.33:1, and more preferably from 50: 1 to 50: 1.1.
4. A fungicidal formulation, comprising:
a. the synergistic fungicidal composition as claimed in any of the
claims 1 to 3, and
b. agriculturally acceptable excipients;
wherein the amount of dithiocarbamate ranges from about 40 to 60% wiw.
5. The fungicidal formulation, as claimed in claim 4, wherein the amount of
Penconazole ranges from about 0.9 to 1.2% wlw.
6. The fungicidal formulation, as claimed in claims 4 and 5, wherein the
formulation is in the form of a Dry flowable (DF) formulation.
7. The fungicidal formulation, as claimed in any of the claims 4 to 6, wherein
the agriculturally acceptable excipients are selected from dispersing
agents, wetting agents, antifoaming agents, disintegration agents and
fillers.
8. The fungicidal fortnulation, as claimed in claim 7. wherein the dispersing
agent is present in an amount of 1 to 20% wiw and selected from the group
consisting of sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, Sulfonated
aromatic polymer sodium salt, Sodium Polycarboxylate, Ethanesulfonic
acid, 2-[methyl[(9Z)-I-0x0-9-octadecenyl]amino]-, sodium salt and
combinations thereof.
9. The fungicidal formulation, as claimed in claim 7, wherein the wetting
agent is present in an amount of 1 to 20% wlw and selected from the group
consisting of sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate
blend, sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate and combinations thereof.
10. The fungicidal formulation, as claimed in claim 7, wherein the antifoaming
agent is present in an amount of 0.01 to 0.5% w/w and is dimethyl
polysiloxane emulsion.
11. The fungicidal formulation, as claimed in claim 7, wherein the
disintegration agent is present in an amount of 0.1 to 5% wlw and selected
from the group consisting of citric acid, sodium bicarbonate and
combinations thereof.
12. The fungicidal formulation, as claimed in claim 7, wherein the filler is
selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulphate, china clay,
silica and combinations thereof.
13. The fungicidal formulation, as claimed in any of the claims 4 to 12,
wherein said formulation has good stability, wettability, suspensibility and
dispersibility.
14. The fungicidal fonnulation, as claimed in any of thc claims 4 to 12.
wherein said formulation is non-phytotoxic.
15. A process for preparing a fungicidal formulation in the form of a dry
flowable (DF) formulation, comprising the steps of:
a. mixing demineralized (D M) water, dispersing agent, wetting
agent, antifoaming agent, disintegration agent, Penconazole,
Mancozeb and filler in a high shear mixing vessel to form a
homogeneous mixture;
b. grinding the homogenous mixture of step a in a bead mill to form a
homogenous mass until a mean particle size of below 5 microns is
obtained;
c. spray drying the homogeneous mass of step b through nozzle of a
spray dryer to obtain granules of 200- 500 microns;
d. drying the granules of step c in a fluid bed dryer (FBD); and
packing the dried granules.
wherein the added mancozeb and penconazole are in a ratio ranging
from 100:l to 25:1, preferably 66.66:l to 33.33:1, and more preferably
from 50: 1 to 50: 1.1.
16. A method for effectively controlling pathogenic fungi at a locus, said
method comprising treating a locus with a composition comprising
mancozeb and penconazole in an fungicidally effective amount; wherein
mancozeb and penconazole are in a fungicidally effective ratio ranging
from 100:l to 25:l. preferably 66.66:l to 33.33:l. and more preferably from 50:1 to 50:1.1.