Claims:1. A gel based hair coloring serum composition comprising:
a. 0.5 mass% to 5 mass% of a thickening agent with respect to the total mass of the composition;
b. 1 mass% to 5 mass% of a humectant with respect to the total mass of the composition;
c. 0.025 mass% to 0. 5 mass% of a chelating agent with respect to the total mass of the composition;
d. 0.1 mass% to 1.0 mass% of an antioxidant with respect to the total mass of the composition;
e. 2 mass% to 5 mass% of a coloring agent with respect to the total mass of the composition;
f. 1 mass% to 5 mass% of a coupling agent with respect to the total mass of the composition;
g. 0.5 mass% to 2.0 mass% of a fragrance with respect to the total mass of the composition;
h. 0.2 mass% to 3 mass% of a conditioning agent with respect to the total mass of the composition;
i. 0.1 mass% to 3 mass% of a pH adjusting agent with respect to the total mass of the composition;
j. 0.5 mass% to 2.0 mass% of a plant extract; and
k. 25 mass% to 90 mass % of water with respect to the total mass of the composition.

2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said thickening agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of guar gum, xanthan gum, gelatin, carrageenan, carbomer, starch, sodium alginate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose.
3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said humectant is at least one selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, glycerin, Sodium Pyroglutamic Acid, triethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, butylene glycol, and sorbitol.
4. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said chelating agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of disodium ethylene diamine tetra acetate (disodium EDTA), ethylene diamine tetra acetate, tetrasodium EDTA, trisodium citrate, and etidronic acid.
5. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said antioxidant is at least one selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, erythorbic acid, ammonium thiolactate, sodium sulphite, vitamin K, vitamin E, tocopherol acetate, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ascorbyl palmitate, citric acid, propyl gallate, methionine, and sodium metabisulfite.
6. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said coloring agent is a combination of para-phenylenediamine, and para amino phenol, and optionally N,N Bis Para-phenylenediamine sulphate.
7. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said coupling agent is a combination of resorcinol, and meta amino phenol, and optionally at least one of 2,4-diaminophenoxyethanol dihydrochloride, alpha naphthol, 2-Amino-4-Hydroxyethylaminoanisole Sulfate.
8. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said conditioning agent is a combination of amodimethicone, C12-C14 sec- Pareth-7 and C12-C14 sec- Pareth-5.
9. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said pH adjusting agent is selected from the group comprising monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, diethanolamine, aminomethyl propanol, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.
10. The composition as claimed as claim 1, wherein said plant extract is at least one selected from Bacopa monnieri, Camellia sinensis, Eclipta prostrata, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Indigofera tinctoria, Lawsonia inermis, Murraya koenigii, Phyllanthus emblica, Azadirachta indica, Actinidia chinensis, Passiflora edulis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Cucumis sativus, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Trigonella foenum-graecum.
11. A process for preparing a gel based hair coloring serum composition as claimed in claim 1, said process comprising following steps:
a. admixing said thickening agent into water under stirring to obtain a slurry, wherein the ratio thickening agent to water is in the range of 1:20 to 3:80;
b. separately admixing said humectant, said chelating agent, and said coloring agent in a hot water having a temperature in the range of 55 oC to 65 oC under stirring to obtain a dye phase, wherein the ratio of chelating agent: coloring agent: humectant is in the range of 0.01:0.5:1 to 2:2.5:2.5.
c. mixing said dye phase into said slurry to obtain a homogenized resultant slurry;
d. separately admixing said antioxidant, said plant extracts and said coupling agent, fragrance, conditioning agent and pH adjusting agent in water, under stirring to obtain a mixture, wherein the ratio of antioxidant: plant extract: coupling agent is in the range of 0.1:0.5:1 to 1:2:5;
e. admixing said mixture obtained in step (d) into said homogenized resultant slurry obtained in step (c), to obtain a homogenized liquid; and
f. applying vacuum pressure in the range of 300 kg/cm2 to 450 kg/cm2 to say homogenized liquid to obtain the gel based hair coloring serum composition. , Description:FIELD
The present disclosure relates to a gel based hair coloring serum composition and a process for preparing the same.
BACKGROUND
Hair coloring, or hair dyeing, is the practice of changing the hair color. The main reasons for changing the hair color are to cover gray or white hair, to change to a color regarded as more fashionable or desirable, to restore the original hair color after it has been discolored by hairdressing processes or sun bleaching. The use of coloring matters on human hair is well known. Hair dyeing with plants is a multicultural art practiced since ancient times. The discovery of synthetic dyes in the 19th century began to change the technology of the coloring of hair. The early processes were based on the oxidation of p-phenylenediamine. Commercially, the ‘oxidation dyes’ are the most important class of hair colorant and provide the only satisfactory means for permanent dyeing. There are four basic ingredients, namely, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, lauryl sulfate and alcohol that are mainly used in the hair dye.
Conventional hair dyes containing a plant extract or an organic compound typically require a long hair dyeing time. Further, the hair dyeing property and color development are not satisfactory. Still further, the color of the conventional hair dye tends to fade on exposure to sunlight.
Ammonia and hydrogen peroxide used as integral ingredients in hair colors are capable of retaining the hair color for a long duration. Without these chemicals, hair color will fade off after a few washings with shampoo. Ammonia and hydrogen peroxide are usually included only in permanent hair dyes.
However, hydrogen peroxide, if used in large quantities has a corrosive effect, has harmful side effects on the nervous system, the digestive system, and the respiratory organs. It can cause damage to the DNA and is suggested to be cancerous. Further, the use of ammonia in the hair dye composition has many disadvantages, such as hair becomes rough and brittle with a tendency to tangle easily, formation of split ends, weakening of hair, hair breakage, and hair loss. It is also suggested that ammonia causes skin allergies, irritation of the eyes, itching in the scalp, and unexplained coughing. Due to the aforestated reasons, the conventional hair dyes cannot be used by people who are sensitive to chemicals, have life-threatening illnesses, and are pregnant. The conventional hair coloring composition requires comparatively more time to color the hair.
Therefore, there is a felt a need to provide a hair coloring composition which requires short dyeing time having a rapid color development on hair, has good hair dyeing property, safe and color tone and lasts for a long time.
OBJECTS
Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies, are as follows:
It is an object of the present disclosure to ameliorate one or more problems of the prior art or to at least provide a useful alternative.
Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a gel based hair coloring serum composition.
Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide a gel based hair coloring serum composition which is peroxide and ammonia free.
Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a gel based hair coloring serum composition that provides rapid color development.
Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a process for the preparation of a gel based hair coloring serum composition.
Other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description, which is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
SUMMARY
The present disclosure relates to a gel based hair coloring serum composition. The gel based hair coloring serum composition comprises 0.5 mass % to 5 mass% of a thickening agent with respect to the total mass of the composition; 1 mass% to 5 mass% a humectant with respect to the total mass of the composition; 0.025 mass% to 0.5 mass% of a chelating agent with respect to the total mass of the composition; 0.1 mass% to 1.0 mass% of an antioxidant with respect to the total mass of the composition; 2 mass% to 5 mass% of a coloring agent with respect to the total mass of the composition; 1 mass% to 5 mass% of a coupling agent with respect to the total mass of the composition; 0.5 mass% to 2.0 mass% of a fragrance with respect to the total mass of the composition; 0.2 mass% to 3.0 mass% of a conditioning agent with respect to the total mass of the composition; 0.1 mass% to 3.0 mass% of a pH adjusting agent with respect to the total mass of the composition; 0.5 mass% to 2.0 mass% of plant extract; and 25 mass% to 90 mass % of water with respect to the total mass of the composition.
The present disclosure further relates to a process for preparing a gel based hair coloring serum composition. The process comprises weighing predetermined quantities of all the ingredients/raw materials individually. A pre-determined amount of water is added to a vessel. A thickening agent is added into the water slowly, with stirring to obtain a slurry. Care is taken that lumps are not formed during the addition of the thickening agent. The slurry is stirred further for a time period in the range of 40 minutes to 60 minutes. The ratio of thickening agent to water is in the range of 1:20 to 3:80.
In a separate vessel, a dye phase is prepared. A pre-determined amount of water is added to the vessel and heated to the temperature in the range of 55 °C to 65 °C. A humectant is added to the hot water, followed by the addition of a chelating agent, and coloring agent, under stirring to obtain a dye phase. The ratio of chelating agent: coloring agent: humectant is in the range of 0.01:0.5:1 to 2:2.5:2.5
The so obtained dye phase is added in the slurry of thickening agent under stirring to obtain homogenized resultant slurry.
Separately admixing anti-oxidant, plant extracts, coupling agent, fragrance, and a conditioning agent in water, followed by the addition of a pH adjusting agent, under stirring to obtain a mixture. The ratio of antioxidant: plant extract: coupling agent is in the range of 0.1:0.5:1 to 1:2:5.
The so obtained homogenized resultant slurry is admixed into the mixture of anti-oxidant, plant extracts, coupling agent, fragrance, a conditioning agent, and pH adjusting agent in water, under stirring following by purging nitrogen gas to obtain a homogenized liquid. Vacuum pressure is applied to the homogenized liquid in the range of 300 kg/cm2 to 450 kg/cm2, to remove any trapped air bubbles, and obtain the gel based hair coloring serum composition.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present disclosure envisages a gel based hair coloring serum composition that is free of peroxide and ammonia, and is capable of rapid color development on hair.
The gel based hair coloring serum composition comprises, 0.5 mass % to 5 mass% of a thickening agent with respect to the total mass of the composition; 1 mass% to 5 mass% a humectant with respect to the total mass of the composition; 0.025 mass% to 0. 5 mass% of a chelating agent with respect to the total mass of the composition; 0.1 mass% to 1.0 mass% of an antioxidant with respect to the total mass of the composition; 2 mass% to 5 mass% of a coloring agent with respect to the total mass of the composition; 0.1 mass% to 5.0 mass% of a coupling agent with respect to the total mass of the composition; 0.5 mass% to 2.0 mass% of a fragrance with respect to the total mass of the composition; 0.2 mass% to 3.0 mass% of a conditioning agent with respect to the total mass of the composition; 0.1 mass% to 3.0 mass% of a pH adjusting agent with respect to the total mass of the composition; 0.5 mass% to 2.0 mass% of plant extract with respect to the total mass of the composition; and 25 mass% to 90 mass % of a water with respect to the total mass of the composition.
The thickening agent can be one compound or a mixture of compounds, and can be at least one selected from the group comprising guar gum, xanthan gum, gelatin, carrageenan, carbomer, starch, sodium alginate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose. In one embodiment, the thickening agent is a combination of sodium alginate and hydroxyethyl cellulose.
The humectant can be at least one selected from the group comprising propylene glycol, glycerin, Sodium Pyroglutamic Acid, triethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, butylene glycol, and sorbitol. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the humectant is propylene glycol.
The chelating agent can be at least one selected from the group comprising disodium ethylene diamine tetra acetate (disodium EDTA), ethylene diamine tetra acetate, (EDTA), tetrasodium EDTA, trisodium citrate, and etidronic acid. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the chelating agent is disodium ethylene diamine tetra acetate (Disodium EDTA).
The antioxidant can be at least one selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, erythorbic acid, ammonium thiolactate, sodium sulphite, vitamin K, vitamin E, tocopherol acetate, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ascorbyl palmitate, citric acid, propyl gallate, methionine, and sodium metabisulfite. The antioxidants inhibit the oxidation of the process caused by free radicals. The antioxidant can be a single compound or a mixture of compounds. In one embodiment the antioxidant is sodium sulphite.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the coloring agent is selected from a combination of para-phenylenediamine, and para amino phenol and optionally N, N Bis Para-phenylenediamine sulphate. Para amino phenol accelerates the reaction rate of (coloring hair) para-phenylenediamine during dyeing the hair, which reduces the coloring time to around 50% with respect to the conventional hair color. Moreover, use of para amino phenol along with para-phenylenediamine retains the black shade and near brownish color even after repeated hair washing.
The coupling agent can be a combination of resorcinol, and Meta amino phenol, and optionally at least one of 2, 4-diaminophenoxyethanol dihydrochloride, alpha naphthol, and 2-amino-4-hydroxyethylaminoanisole sulfate. The coupling agent undergoes coupling reaction to form high molecular weight products, which are trapped in the hair matrix and cannot be readily removed during washing, and thereby aids in retaining the hair color/dye even after repeated washing. The coupling agent/coupler can be one compound or a mixture of compounds. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the coupler is a combination of resorcinol and Meta amino phenol. Along with of 2, 4-diaminophenoxyethanol dihydrochloride, Use of resorcinol as a coupler in the gel based hair coloring serum composition of the present disclosure reduces the amount of the antioxidant required. Further, the hair color composition of the present disclosure is stable without using several antioxidants. Still further, resorcinol is comparatively less toxic and suitable for sensitive air and sensitive scalp.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the conditioning agent can be a combination of amodimethicone, C12-C14 Sec- Pareth -7 and C12-C14 Sec- Pareth - 5. The combination of amodimethicone, C12-C14 Sec- Pareth -7 and C12-C14 Sec- Pareth-5 is sold under the trade name “XIAMETER®MEM-8168 Emulsion” by Dow Corning. The conditioning agent can be one compound or a mixture of compounds. The conditioning agent typically attaches to the hair and creates a thin film, allowing the easier combing of wet or dry hair and imparts a silky feel to the hair.
The pH adjusting agent can be at least one selected from the group comprising monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, diethanolamine, aminomethyl propanol, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide. The pH adjusting agent maintains the pH of the hair coloring serum composition to lie in the range of 7 to 8. In one embodiment the pH adjusting agent is monoethanolamine.
The amount of fragrance can be in the range of 0.2 mass% to 2.0 mass% of the total mass of the gel based hair coloring serum composition.
Typically, water is used as the fluid medium. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, demineralized water is used as the fluid medium. Typically, the fluid medium/water is used in an amount sufficient to make 100 mass% of the gel based hair coloring serum composition. In an exemplary embodiment the fluid medium is in the range of 25 mass% to 90 %.
The gel based hair coloring serum composition of the present disclosure comprises extracts of various plants which provide nourishment to the hair. The plant can be selected from the group comprising Bacopa monnieri, Camellia sinensis, Eclipta prostrata, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Indigofera tinctoria, Lawsonia inermis, Murraya koenigii, Phyllanthus emblica, Azadirachta indica, Actinidia chinensis, Passiflora edulis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Cucumis sativus, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Trigonella foenum-graecum. In one embodiment the plant extracts is a combination of Eclipta prostrata, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Phyllanthus emblica, and Trigonella foenum-graecum.
Bacopa monnieri (Plantaginaceae), also known as waterhyssop, brahmi, thyme-leafed gratiola, water hyssop, herb of grace, Indian pennywort) is a perennial, creeping herb native to the wetlands of southern and Eastern India, Australia, Europe, Africa, Asia, and North and South America.
Camellia sinensis (Theaceae) is native to East Asia, the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia, but it is today cultivated across the world in tropical and subtropical regions. However, the clonal one is commercially cultivated from the equator to as far north as Cornwall and Scotland on the UK mainland.
Eclipta prostrata (Asteraceae), also known as false daisy, and Bhringraj grows in moist places all over the world. It is widely distributed throughout India, China, Thailand, and Brazil.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Malvaceae), also known as Chinese hibiscus, China rose, Hawaiian hibiscus, and shoeblack plant, is a species of tropical hibiscus, native to East Asia.
Indigofera tinctoria (Fabaceae) also known as true indigo, is a species of plant from the bean family that was one of the original sources of indigo dye. It has been naturalized to tropical and temperate Asia, as well as parts of Africa, but its native habitat is unknown since it has been in cultivation worldwide for many centuries.
Lawsonia inermis (Lythraceae) also known as hina, the henna tree, the mignonette tree, and the Egyptian privet, is a flowering plant and the sole species of the Lawsonia genus. The henna plant is native to northern Africa, western and southern Asia, and northern Australia, in semi-arid zones and tropical areas.
Murraya koenigii (Rutaceae, also known as the curry tree is a tropical to sub-tropical tree (the rue family, which includes rue, citrus, and satinwood), which is native to India and Sri Lanka.
Phyllanthus emblica (Phyllanthaceae), also known as emblic, emblic myrobalan, myrobalan, Indian gooseberry, Malacca tree, and amla is a deciduous tree, indigenous to a large area ranging from Nepal, India, and Sri Lanka, throughout South-East Asia to southern China. It is widely cultivated for its fruits throughout its natural area of distribution, particularly in India, and also in the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius), the West Indies, and Japan.
Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fabaceae), also known as methi is cultivated worldwide as a semiarid crop. Major fenugreek-producing countries are Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Iran, Nepal, Bangladesh, Argentina, Egypt, France, Spain, Turkey, and Morocco.
Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae), is commonly known as neem, nimtree and Indian lilac. It is native to the Indian subcontinent, i.e. India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Maldives. It typically grows in tropical and semi-tropical regions. Neem trees now also grow in islands located in the southern part of Iran.
Actinidia chinensis (Actinidiaceae) is a fruit tree and medicinal plant native to China. It is pollinated by bees.
Passiflora edulis (Passifloraceae), also known as passion fruit or passionfruit is a vine species of passion flower that is native to southern Brazil through Paraguay to northern Argentina.
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae) is native to southern Europe, and parts of Asia.
Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae) is originally from South Asia, but now grows on most continents.
Ocimum tenuiflorum (Lamiaceae) also known by the synonym, Ocimum sanctum, It is commonly known as holy basil, tulasi (sometimes spelled thulasi) or tulsi, is an native to the Indian subcontinent and is widespread as a cultivated plant throughout the Southeast Asian tropics.
The plant extracts that may be introduced in the gel based hair coloring serum composition provide nourishment to the hair and aid in its healthy growth.
The plant parts used in the gel based hair coloring serum composition of the present disclosure can be derived from the barks, roots, tubers, stigma, kernels, exudates, stolons, rhizome, leaves, seeds, nuts, berries, fruits, stems and flowers of the plants are commercially purchased from the market as value added products and therefore, the specific source of the product is unknown.
In one embodiment, the gel based hair coloring serum composition comprises 2.5 mass % of sodium alginate or 1 mass% of hydroxyethyl cellulose or mixtures thereof; 0.05 mass % of sodium carboxy methyl cellulose; 3.5 mass % of propylene glycol; 0.05 mass % of disodium Ethylene diamine tetra acetate; 0.15 mass % of sodium sulphite; 3.5 mass % para-phenylenediamine; 1.75 mass% of 2,4-diaminophenoxyethanol dihydrochloride; 0.2 mass % of combination of Aamla Extract (Phyllanthus emblica), Bhringraj extract (Eclipta prostrata), Jasund extract (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) and Methi extract (Trigonella foenum-graecum); 1 mass % of fragrance; 0.5 mass % of a combination of amodimethicone, C12-C14 Sec-pareth-7 and C12-C14 Sec-pareth-5; 0.5 to 1.0 mass % of Monoethanol amine to adjust the pH between 7.1 to 7.5; 0.75 mass% of resorcinol; 0.75 mass % of meta-amino phenol; 0.75 mass % of para- amino phenol; and 82 mass % of DM water.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a process for preparing a gel based hair coloring serum composition. The process is hereinafter described in detail.
Initially, all the ingredients/raw materials are weighed and stored in individual poly bags or stainless steel vessel till use.
A pre-determined amount of water is added to a vessel. In an embodiment, the vessel is made of stainless steel and is fitted with a mechanical stirrer. Typically, the water is added via a bottom nozzle present in the vessel. A thickening agent is added to the water slowly, with stirring to obtain slurry. Care is taken that lumps are not formed during the addition of the thickening agent. The so obtained slurry is stirred further for a time period in the range of 40 minutes to 60 minutes. The ratio of thickening agent to water is in the range of 1:20 to 3:80.
In a separate vessel, a dye phase is prepared. A pre-determined amount of water is added to the vessel. In an embodiment, the vessel is made of stainless steel and is fitted with a mechanical stirrer. In another embodiment, the temperature of the fluid medium is in the range of 55 °C to 65 °C. A humectant is added to the hot water, followed by the addition of a chelating agent, and coloring agent, under stirring to obtain the dye phase. The ratio of chelating agent: coloring agent: humectant is in the range of 0.01:0.5:1 to 2:2.5:2.5.
The so obtained slurry of thickening agent and the dye phase is mixed under stirring, to obtain resultant homogenized slurry.
Separately admixing anti-oxidant, plant extracts, coupling agent, fragrance, and a conditioning agent in water, followed by the addition of a pH adjusting agent, under stirring to obtain a mixture. The ratio of antioxidant: plant extract: coupling agent is in the range of 0.1:0.5:1 to 1:2:5.
The so obtained homogenized resultant slurry is admixed into the mixture of anti-oxidant, plant extracts, coupling agent, fragrance, a conditioning agent, and pH adjusting agent in water, under stirring following by purging nitrogen gas to obtain a homogenized liquid. Vacuum pressure is applied to the homogenized liquid in the range of 300 kg/cm2 to 450 kg/cm2, to remove any trapped air bubbles, and obtain the gel based hair coloring serum composition.
The gel based hair coloring serum composition is subjected to quality control and quality assurance tests to confirm that the finished product meets the desired standards.
The gel based hair coloring serum composition is peroxide and ammonia free and hence is safe for use and is easy to apply. Further, the hair coloring serum composition is capable of developing the color in a short duration of time and retains the color even after repeated washing.
The plant extracts, namely, Bacopa monnieri, Camellia sinensis, Eclipta prostrata, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Indigofera tinctoria, Lawsonia inermis, Murraya koenigii, Phyllanthus emblica, Azadirachta indica, Actinidia chinensis, Passiflora edulis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Cucumis sativus, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Trigonella foenum-graecum, that may be introduced in the gel based hair coloring serum composition of the present disclosure are value added products appearing in an unrecognizable and physically inseparable form and therefore do not qualify as biological resources under the National Biodiversity Act.
The present disclosure is further described in light of the following laboratory scale experiments which are set forth for illustration purpose only and not to be construed for limiting the scope of the disclosure. These laboratory scale experiments can be scaled up to industrial/commercial scale and the results obtained can be extrapolated to industrial/commercial scale.
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
Experiment 1: Gel based hair coloring serum compositions (Examples 1 to 8) in accordance with process of the present disclosure:
The gel based hair coloring serum composition in accordance with the present disclosure was prepared by the following general process. The quantities of the ingredients used in the gel based hair coloring serum compositions are provided in Table 1.
Firstly, a thickening agent was mixed with demineralized water to obtain slurry.
Further, a dye phase was prepared by mixing a humectant, chelating agent, followed by addition of coloring agent, in a hot water (50 oC) to obtain a dye phase.
The so obtained slurry was mixed with the so obtained dye phase to obtain resultant homogenized slurry.
Separately, a solution of coupling agent was prepared in water, followed by addition of an antioxidant, a combination of plant extracts, a –conditioning agent and fragrance was added to obtain a mixture. The pH of so obtained mixture was adjusted to lie between 7-8 by adding a pH adjusting agent.
The so obtained mixture was added in the so obtained resultant homogenized slurry under stirring to obtain a homogenized liquid. The so obtained homogenized liquid was kept under vacuum pressure of 350 kg/cm2 to obtain the gel based hair coloring serum composition

Table-1: Gel based hair coloring serum compositions in accordance with process of the present disclosure:

Ingredient Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Example 8
DM water 82
Thickening agent
Xanthan gum --- 1.0 --- --- --- --- --- ---
Dehydroxanthan gum --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 1.5
Sodium Alginate 2.5 --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Sodium Carboxy methyl cellulose 0.05 --- --- 0.75 --- --- --- ---
Hydroxy ethyl cellulose --- --- 1.0 0.75 --- --- --- ---
Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose --- --- --- --- 1.5 --- --- ---
Potassium alginate --- --- --- --- --- 3 --- ---
Guar gum --- --- --- --- --- --- 1.0 ---
Humectant
Propylene glycol 3.5 3.5 --- --- --- --- 2 ---
Glycerin --- --- 2.5 --- --- --- --- 2

Sorbiltol --- --- --- 3.0 --- --- --- ---
Butylene glycol --- --- --- --- 3.0 --- --- ---
Sodium PCA --- --- --- --- --- 2 --- ---
Chelating agent
Disodium Ethylene diamine tetra acetate 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.2 --- 0.2 0.2 0.2
Etidronic acid --- --- --- --- 0.2 --- --- ---
Anti-oxidant
Sodium sulphite 0.15 --- --- --- 0.25 --- 0.25 ---
Sodium metabisulphite --- 0.20 --- --- --- --- --- ---
Ascorbic acid --- --- 0.25 --- --- --- --- ---
Erythorbic acid --- --- --- 0.25 --- --- --- 0.15
Ammonium thiolactate --- --- --- --- --- 0.125 --- ---
Coloring agent
Para-phenylenediamine 3.5 3.5 2.75 2.5 3 3 2.5 2.75
Para amino phenol 0.75 0.25 0.20 0.20 0.25 0.5 0.3 0.25
NN Bis Para-phenylenediamine sulphate --- --- 0.4 0.5 --- --- --- ---
Coupling agent
Resorcinol 0.75 0.50 0.80 0.75 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.45
Meta amino phenol 0.75 0.60 0.80 0.75 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.45
2,4-diaminophenoxyethanol dihydrochloride 1.75 1.5 --- --- 1.5 1.75 1.5 1.5
2-Amino-4-Hydroxyethylaminoanisole Sulfate --- --- 1.25 --- 0.5 --- 0.25 ---
Alpha Napthol --- --- --- --- --- 0.3 --- 0.15
Plant extract
Aamla Extract
0.25 0.25 --- 0.25 --- --- 0.25 ---
Bhringraj Extract
0.25 --- 0.25 0.25 0.25 --- 0.25 ---
Jasund/Jaswand Extract
0.25 --- 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 --- ---
Methi Extract
0.25 --- --- 0.25 --- --- --- ---
Brahmi Extract
--- 0.25 --- --- --- --- --- ---
Neem Extract --- 0.25 --- --- --- --- 0.25 ---
Curry Leaf Extract --- 0.25 --- --- --- --- --- 0.25
Heena Extract --- --- 0.25 --- --- --- --- ---
Neelini Extract --- --- 0.25 --- --- --- --- ---
Kiwi fruit Extract --- --- --- --- 0.25 --- --- 0.25
Passion fruit Extract --- --- --- --- 0.25 --- --- 0.25
Liquorice Extract --- --- --- --- --- 0.25 --- ---
Cucumber Extract --- --- --- --- --- 0.25 --- ---
Tea leaf Extract --- --- --- --- --- 0.25 0.25 ---
Tulsi Extract --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 0.25
Fragrance 1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.25
Conditioning agent
Amodimethicone, C12-C14 Sec- Pareth -7 and C12-C14 Sec- Pareth - 5 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.0
pH adjusting agent
Monoethanol amine 0.5 to 1.0 * --- --- --- 0.25 to 2.5** --- 0.25 to 2.5** 0.25 to 2.5**
Triethanol amine --- 0.5 to 2.5** --- --- --- --- --- ---
Potassium hydroxide --- --- 0.25 to 2.5** --- --- --- --- ---
Aminomethyl Propanol --- --- --- 0.25 to 2.5** --- --- --- ---
Ammonium hydroxide --- --- --- --- --- 0.25 to 2.5** --- ---
*= to adjust the pH between 7.1 to 7.5; **= To adjust pH 7.1 to 7.75

Study for retention of the color of the gel based hair coloring serum composition of the present disclosure
The gel based hair coloring serum compositions (composition of Example 1) of the present disclosure was tested on natural black and white hair tresses to evaluate the color retention property. The gel based hair coloring serum composition was applied on 5 different samples (Tresses 1 to 5), and the result obtained is summarized in Table 2.
Table 2:
Sr. 1st application –development time -1 hour 30 minutes After 5 wash
After 10 wash After 15 wash After 20 wash
1 Tresses-1
Natural Black & white hair tresses
On grey hair black (with blue tint)
After 24 hrs the shade was black On grey hair black shade On grey hair soft black shade On grey hair soft black to darkest brown shade (gradual fading) On grey hair darkest brown shade (gradual fading)
2 Tresses-2
Natural Black & white hair tresses On grey hair black (with blue tint)
After 24 hrs the shade was black On grey hair black shade On grey hair soft black shade On grey hair soft black to darkest brown shade (gradual fading) On grey hair darkest brown shade (gradual fading)
3 Tresses-3
Natural Black & white hair tresses On grey hair black (with blue tint)
After 24 hrs the shade was black On grey hair black shade On grey hair soft black to darkest brown shade (gradual fading) On grey hair darkest brown shade (fading observed) On grey hair dark brown shade (fading observed )
4 Tresses-4
Natural Black & white hair tresses On grey hair black (with blue tint)
After 24 hrs the shade was black On grey hair black shade On grey hair soft black shade On grey hair soft black to darkest brown shade (gradual fading) On grey hair darkest brown shade (gradual fading)
5 Tresses-5
Natural Black & white hair tresses On grey hair black (with blue tint)
After 24 hrs the shade was black On grey hair black shade On grey hair soft black shade On grey hair soft black to darkest brown shade (gradual fading) On grey hair darkest brown shade (gradual fading)

It is seen from Table- 2 that, a color of the darkest brown shade is retained even after 20 washings.

Study of color development using the gel based hair coloring serum composition of the present disclosure
Studies were carried to determine the color development efficacy of the gel based hair coloring serum composition by testing the composition on volunteers. Volunteers in the age group of 21 to 75 years having grey hair were chosen for the study. Volunteers with scalp, skin diseases, or cut on head were not selected for the study. Prior to starting the study, details of the selected volunteers were noted down, such as natural hair colour, approximate percent of grey hair, length of hair from root, and hair washing habits of the volunteers. During colour /dye application and after hair wash, the feedback from the volunteer is taken and the volunteer is regularly observed for a period of 1 month. The stability of colour /dye on hair is judged by visual observation.12 volunteers (6 males (M1 to M2 and 6 females (F1 to F6)) were selected who were having above 50 % grey hairs and minimum 1 inch visible grey hair re-growth. All the volunteers were regular users of hair dye and had not applied hair dye /colour for an average of 45 days before the start of the study. The color development efficacy of the gel based hair coloring serum composition of the present disclosure (Sample A) was compared with a commercially available hair dye (Sample B). The results obtained are summarized in Table 3.

Sample A and Sample B were applied by brush and the color was allowed to develop for 90 minutes. Sample A was applied on the left hand side of the head of the volunteer and Sample B was applied on the right hand side of the head of the volunteer. The hair was washed with shampoo and water after 90 minutes, towel dried and finally dried with hair blow dryer.

Table 3:
Left hand side on head application Right hand side on head application Global application Results on grey hair and overall shade produce in 1 application.
Volunteer M-1
&
Volunteer F1 Sample A Sample B --- On LHS on grey hair soft black shade (with blue tint) overall soft black with 100 % coverage.
On RHS on grey hair yellowish brown shade.
Volunteer M-2
&
Volunteer F2 Sample A Sample B On LHS on grey hair soft black shade (with blue tint) overall soft black with 100 % coverage.
On RHS on grey hair yellowish brown shade.
Volunteer M-3
&
Volunteer F3 Sample A Sample B On LHS on grey hair soft black shade (with blue tint) overall soft black with 100 % coverage.
On RHS on grey hair yellowish brown shade.
Volunteer M-4
&
Volunteer F4 Sample A Sample B On LHS on grey hair soft black shade (with blue tint) overall soft black with 100 % coverage.
On RHS on grey hair yellowish brown shade.
Volunteer M-5
&
Volunteer F5 -- -- Sample A On grey hair soft black shade (with blue tint) overall soft black with 100 % coverage.
Volunteer M-6
&
Volunteer F6 -- -- Sample B On grey hair yellowish brown shade.
LHS* : Left hand side on head application;
RHS**: Right hand side on head application;
Global application***: LHS as well as RHS

The volunteers were recalled on 2nd day, 7th day, 14th day, 21st day & 28th day and observed. The observation was as follows.
Volunteer M1 to M4 :-
• The shade on LHS on grey hair on 2nd day was black, whereas on RHS the shade on grey was brown.
• After 7 days the shade on LHS on grey hair was black, whereas on RHS the shade on grey was brown.
• After 14 days the shade on LHS on grey hair was black, whereas on RHS the shade on grey was Light brown. Gradual fading was seen on RHS.
• After 21 days the shade on LHS on grey hair was soft black to dark brown, whereas on RHS the shade on grey was very light brown. On LHS side gradual fading was observed whereas on RHS more fading was observed.
Volunteer no. M5 to M6 :-
? For volunteers M5 the shade on grey hair on 2nd day was black, during 7th & 14th day observation, no fading was observed. On 21st day the shade on grey hair was soft black to dark brown which indicated gradual fading.
? For volunteers M6 the shade on grey hair on 2nd day was light brown, during 7 & 14 days observation fading was observed. On 21 days the shade on grey hair was very light brown with heavy fading
It is seen from the table 3 that,
? The commercial dye imparts light brown shade in 1 hour 30 minutes, whereas the gel based hair coloring serum composition of the present disclosure imparts black shade on grey hair in 1 hour 30 minutes.
? The commercial dye needs to be applied for 2- 3 times on consecutive days to obtain the desired shade (Black), whereas gel based hair coloring serum composition of the present disclosure imparts black shade on grey hair in one application.

TECHNICAL ADVANCEMENTS
The present disclosure described herein above has several technical advantages including, but not limited to, the realization of a gel based hair coloring serum composition that is free of peroxide and ammonia, and is capable of rapid color development. The gel based hair coloring serum composition of the present disclosure is safe and also provides nourishment to the hair and aids in its healthy growth.
Throughout this specification the word “comprise”, or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising”, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.
The use of the expression “at least” or “at least one” suggests the use of one or more elements or ingredients or quantities, as the use may be in the embodiment of the invention to achieve one or more of the desired objects or results. While certain embodiments of the inventions have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventions. Variations or modifications to the formulation of this invention, within the scope of the invention, may occur to those skilled in the art upon reviewing the disclosure herein. Such variations or modifications are well within the spirit of this invention.
The numerical values given for various physical parameters, dimensions and quantities are only approximate values and it is envisaged that the values higher than the numerical value assigned to the physical parameters, dimensions and quantities fall within the scope of the invention unless there is a statement in the specification to the contrary.
While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the specific features of the preferred embodiment, it will be appreciated that many additional features can be added and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiment without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiment of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.