Claims:1. A composition comprising:
a) at least one base fluid; and
b) at least one oxide compound,
wherein the at least one oxide compound has a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.
2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one oxide compound has a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one base fluid has a viscosity index in the range of 90 – 120.
4. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one base fluid has a specific heat capacity in the range of 2.000 – 2.100 kJ/kg K, at 50 °C.
5. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one base fluid has a no-flow point in the range of -2 to -25 °C.
6. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one base fluid has a flash point in the range of 195 – 210 °C.
7. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one base fluid comprises: (a) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 95%; (b) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-25%; (c) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-3%; and (d) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0.5 – 2%.
8. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one base fluid is selected from the group consisting of Hytherm 500, Hytherm 600, and combinations thereof.
9. The composition as claimed in claim 8, wherein Hytherm 500 comprises: (a) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 75%; (b) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 20-25%; (c) resins having weight percentage in the range of 1-3%; and (d) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 1 – 2%.
10. The composition as claimed in claim 8, wherein Hytherm 600 comprises: (a) saturates having weight percentage in the range 90 – 95%; (b) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-5%; (c) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-1%; and (d) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0 – 1%.
11. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one oxide compound is selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), copper oxide (CuO), silica (SiO2), and combinations thereof.
12. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one oxide compound is titanium oxide (TiO2).
13. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one oxide compound is aluminum oxide (Al2O3).
14. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one oxide compound has a particle size in the range of 0.5 to 0.9 microns.
15. The composition as claimed in any of the claims 1 – 14, wherein the composition exhibits an enhanced thermal conductivity with an enhancement of up to 75%, compared to the thermal conductivity of base fluid alone.
16. The composition as claimed in any of the claims 1 – 15, wherein the composition exhibits substantially the same thermal conductivity after 10 cycles of loop operations, as it shows during the first cycle.
17. A process for the preparation of composition as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of: (a) contacting at least one base fluid with at least one oxide compound to obtain a first mixture; (b) homogenizing the first mixture by sonication to obtain the composition.
18. The process as claimed in claim 17, wherein: (a) contacting at least one base fluid with at least one oxide compound to obtain the first mixture is carried out at a temperature 80°C, over a period in the range from 5 min. to 60 minutes; (b) homogenizing the first mixture by sonication to obtain the composition is carried out at a temperature in the range of 30 – 60 °C for a period in the range of 2 – 4 hours.
19. Use of the composition as claimed in any of the claims 1 – 16, as a heat transfer fluid for heat storage and heat transfer applications.
, FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to heat storage or heat transfer fluids for solar thermal applications, and in particular to a stable heat transfer fluid composition exhibiting enhanced thermal conductivity with simultaneous improvement of other properties like viscosity index, no-flow point, specific heat capacity and flash point.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Heat transfer fluids find wide applicability in diverse industries for many thermal transport and storage applications. For instance, one of the most common applications is, in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants to store and transfer energy. CSP technologies are emerging as a potent alternative energy source to conventional, non-renewable energy sources. One challenge faced by solar energy is reduced or restricted energy production when the sun sets or is blocked by clouds. Thermal energy storage provides a workable solution to this challenge. CSP systems are coupled with a thermal energy storage (TES) system. Thermal energy is transferred to storage media and released at a later time to apply in some thermal operations, like to drive a heat engine.
[0003] TES systems can be classified as sensible heat storage, latent heat storage, and thermochemical storage. Sensible heat storage systems achieve storage by heating a liquid or solid material. Therefore, the sensible storage materials undergo no change in phase over the temperature range of the storage process. Thermo-physical properties important in the selection of the storage fluid are density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and cycling stability, as well as availability, costs, and production methods.
[0004] Sensible heat storage in a material depends strongly on its heat capacity which determines the energy density which in turn determines the rate at which that heat can be released and extracted.

[0005] Another thermo-physical property which affects the dynamics of heat transfer is thermal conductivity (i.e., ability to conduct heat). It is directly related to heat transfer efficiency and thus performance of the system.
[0006] The main disadvantages of the known organic based heat transfer fluids are their low thermal conductivity, low specific heat capacity, and poor cycling stability therefore exhibit poor heat transfer efficiency. Therefore, there remains an unmet need for an improved heat transfer fluid composition which overcomes the above mentioned problems with improvement in various thermo-physical properties.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] In an aspect of present disclosure, there is provided a composition comprising: (a) at least one base fluid; and (b) at least one oxide compound, wherein the at least one oxide compound has a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.
[0008] In an aspect of present invention, there is provided a process for the preparation of a composition comprising: (a) at least one base fluid; and (b) at least one oxide compound, the process comprising the steps of: (a) contacting at least one base fluid with at least one oxide compound to obtain a first mixture; (b) homogenizing the first mixture by sonication to obtain the composition, wherein the at least one oxide compound has a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.
[0009] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present subject matter will be better understood with reference to the following description and appended claims. This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] The detailed description is described with reference to the accompanying figures. In the figures, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. The same numbers are used throughout the drawings to reference like features and components.

[0011] Figure 1 illustrates the dynamic viscosity versus shear rate plot of composition
A at different temperatures, in accordance with an embodiment of the present
disclosure.
[0012] Figure 2 illustrates the dynamic viscosity versus shear rate plots of composition
A2 at different temperatures, in accordance with an embodiment of the present
disclosure.
[0013] Figure 3 illustrates the shear stress versus shear rate plot of composition A at
different temperatures, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0014] Figure 4 illustrates the shear stress versus shear rate plot of composition A2 at
different temperatures, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0015] Those skilled in the art will be aware that the present disclosure is subject to
variations and modifications other than those specifically described. It is to be
understood that the present disclosure includes all such variations and modifications.
The disclosure also includes all such steps, features, compositions and compounds
referred to or indicated in this specification, individually or collectively, and any and
all combinations of any or more of such steps or features.
Definitions:
[0016] For convenience, before further description of the present disclosure, certain
terms employed in the specification, and examples are collected here. These
definitions should be read in the light of the remainder of the disclosure and
understood as by a person of skill in the art. The terms used herein have the meanings
recognized and known to those of skill in the art, however, for convenience and
completeness, particular terms and their meanings are set forth below.
[0017] The articles “a”, “an” and “the” are used to refer to one or to more than one
(i.e., to at least one) of the grammatical object of the article.
[0018] The terms “comprise” and “comprising” are used in the inclusive, open sense,
meaning that additional elements may be included. It is not intended to be construed as
“consists of only”.

[0019] Throughout this specification, unless the context requires otherwise the word “comprise”, and variations such as “comprises” and “comprising”, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element or step or group of element or steps but not the exclusion of any other element or steps.
[0020] The term “including” is used to mean “including but not limited to”,
“including” and “including but not limited to” are used interchangeably.
[0021] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have
the same meaning as commonly understood to one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the disclosure, the preferred methods, and materials are now described. All publications mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference.
[0022] The present disclosure is not to be limited in scope by the specific
embodiments described herein, which are intended for the purposes of exemplification only. Functionally equivalent products, compositions, and methods are clearly within scope of the disclosure, as described herein.
[0023] Ratios, concentrations, amounts, and other numerical data may be presented
herein in a range format. It is to be understood that such range format is used merely for convenience and brevity and should be interpreted flexibly to include not only the numerical values explicitly recited as the limits of the range, but also to include all the individual numerical values or sub-ranges encompassed within that range as if each numerical value and sub-range is explicitly recited. For example, a weight range of about 70 wt % to about 95 wt % should be interpreted to include not only the explicitly recited limits of about 70 wt% to about 95 wt%, but also to include sub-ranges, such as 70.05 wt % to 91 wt %, 70 wt % to 85 wt %, and so forth, as well as individual amounts, including fractional amounts, within the specified ranges, such as 70.5 wt %, 81.1 wt %, and 92.9 wt %, for example
[0024] To address the problem of low thermal conductivity and low specific heat
capacity of conventional heat transfer fluids, as discussed above, the present disclosure provides a composition for superior heat transfer fluid exhibiting enhanced thermal

conductivity and specific heat capacity along with betterment of other thermo-physical
properties like viscosity, no-flow point and flash point.
[0025] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a
concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.
[0026] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a
concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
[0027] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a
concentration of 200 ppm.
[0028] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid having viscosity index in the range of 90 – 120;
and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250
ppm.,
[0029] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid having viscosity index in the range of 90 – 112;
and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250
ppm.
[0030] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid having viscosity index in the range of 90 – 120;
and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250
ppm.
[0031] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid having viscosity index in the range of 90 – 112;
and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250
ppm.
[0032] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid having viscosity index in the range of 90 – 120;
and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration of 200 ppm.

[0033] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid having viscosity index in the range of 90 – 112;
and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration of 200 ppm.
[0034] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid having specific heat capacity in the range of
2.000 – 2.100 kJ/kg K, at 50 °C; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a
concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.,
[0035] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid having specific heat capacity in the range of
2.000 – 2.100 kJ/kg K, at 50 °C; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a
concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
[0036] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid having specific heat capacity in the range of
2.000 – 2.100 kJ/kg K, at 50 °C; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a
concentration of 200 ppm.
[0037] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid having a no-flow point in the range of -2 to -25
°C; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 –
250 ppm.
[0038] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid having a no-flow point in the range of -2 to -25
°C; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 100 –
250 ppm.
[0039] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid having a no-flow point in the range of -2 to -25
°C; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration of 200 ppm.
[0040] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid having a flash point in the range of 195 – 210
°C; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 –
250 ppm.

[0041] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid having a flash point in the range of 195 – 210 °C; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
[0042] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid having a flash point in the range of 195 – 210
°C; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration of 200 ppm.
[0043] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid, including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 95%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-25%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-3%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0.5 – 2%; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.
[0044] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid, including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 95%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-25%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-3%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0.5 – 2%; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
[0045] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid, including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 95%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-25%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-3%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0.5 – 2%; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration of 200 ppm.
[0046] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid selected from the group consisting of Hytherm 500, Hytherm 600, and combinations thereof; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.

[0047] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid selected from the group consisting of Hytherm
500, Hytherm 600, and combinations thereof; and (b) at least one oxide compound
having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
[0048] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a
concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.
[0049] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a
concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
[0050] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a
concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.
[0051] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a
concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
[0052] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the
range 70 – 75%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 20-25%; (iii)
resins having weight percentage in the range of 1-3%; and (iv) asphalts having weight
percentage in the range of 1 – 2%; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a
concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.
[0053] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the
range 70 – 75%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 20-25%; (iii)
resins having weight percentage in the range of 1-3%; and (iv) asphalts having weight
percentage in the range of 1 – 2%, and having viscosity index in the range of 90 – 120;
and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250
ppm.

[0054] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 75%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 20-25%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 1-3%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 1 – 2%, and having specific heat capacity in the range of 2.000 – 2.100 kJ/kg K, at 50 °C; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.
[0055] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 75%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 20-25%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 1-3%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 1 – 2%, and having no-flow point in the range of -2 to -25 °C; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.
[0056] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 75%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 20-25%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 1-3%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 1 – 2%, and having flash point in the range of 195 – 210 °C; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.
[0057] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 75%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 20-25%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 1-3%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 1 – 2%, having viscosity index in the range of 90 – 120; specific heat capacity in the range of 2.000 – 2.100 kJ/kg K, at 50 °C; no-flow point in the range of -2 to -25 °C; flash point in the range of 195 – 210 °C; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.

[0058] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 75%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 20-25%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 1-3%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 1 – 2%, having viscosity index in the range of 90 – 120; specific heat capacity in the range of 2.000 – 2.100 kJ/kg K, at 50 °C; no-flow point in the range of -2 to -25 °C; flash point in the range of 195 – 210 °C; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
[0059] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the
range 70 – 75%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 20-25%; (iii)
resins having weight percentage in the range of 1-3%; and (iv) asphalts having weight
percentage in the range of 1 – 2%, having viscosity index in the range of 90 – 120;
specific heat capacity in the range of 2.000 – 2.100 kJ/kg K, at 50 °C; no-flow point in
the range of -2 to -25 °C; flash point in the range of 195 – 210 °C; and (b) at least one
oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm, and selected
from the group consisting of titanium oxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3),
zirconium oxide (ZrO2), copper oxide (CuO), silica (SiO2), and combinations thereof.
[0060] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 75%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 20-25%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 1-3%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 1 – 2%, having viscosity index in the range of 90 – 120; specific heat capacity in the range of 2.000 – 2.100 kJ/kg K, at 50 °C; no-flow point in the range of -2 to -25 °C; flash point in the range of 195 – 210 °C; and (b) titanium oxide (TiO2) having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
[0061] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 75%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 20-25%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 1-3%; and (iv) asphalts having weight

percentage in the range of 1 – 2%, having viscosity index in the range of 90 – 120; specific heat capacity in the range of 2.000 – 2.100 kJ/kg K, at 50 °C; no-flow point in the range of -2 to -25 °C; flash point in the range of 195 – 210 °C; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
[0062] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 75%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 20-25%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 1-3%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 1 – 2%, having viscosity index in the range of 90 – 120; specific heat capacity in the range of 2.000 – 2.100 kJ/kg K, at 50 °C; no-flow point in the range of -2 to -25 °C; flash point in the range of 195 – 210 °C; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm, and particle size in the range of 0.5 to 0.9 microns.
[0063] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the
range 70 – 75%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 20-25%; (iii)
resins having weight percentage in the range of 1-3%; and (iv) asphalts having weight
percentage in the range of 1 – 2%, having viscosity index in the range of 90 – 120;
specific heat capacity in the range of 2.000 – 2.100 kJ/kg K, at 50 °C; no-flow point in
the range of -2 to -25 °C; flash point in the range of 195 – 210 °C; and (b) aluminum
oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm, and particle size
in the range of 0.5 to 0.9 microns. The composition exhibits an enhanced thermal
conductivity with an enhancement of up to 75%, compared to the thermal conductivity
of base fluid alone, and the composition exhibits substantially the same thermal
conductivity after 10 cycles of loop operations, as it shows during the first cycle.
[0064] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 75%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 20-25%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 1-3%; and (iv) asphalts having weight

percentage in the range of 1 – 2%; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
[0065] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage of
73.9%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage of 22.2%; (iii) resins having weight
percentage of 2.2%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage of 1.7%; and (b) at
least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.
[0066] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage of
73.9%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage of 22.2%; (iii) resins having weight
percentage of 2.2%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage of 1.7%; and (b) at
least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
[0067] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 90 – 95%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-5%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-1%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0 – 1%; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.
[0068] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 90 – 95%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-5%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-1%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0 – 1%, and having viscosity index in the range of 90 – 120; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.
[0069] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 90 – 95%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-5%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-1%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0 – 1%, and having specific heat capacity in the range of

2.000 – 2.100 kJ/kg K, at 50 °C; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.
[0070] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 90 – 95%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-5%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-1%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0 – 1%, and having no-flow point in the range of -2 to -25 °C; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.
[0071] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 90 – 95%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-5%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-1%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0 – 1%, and having flash point in the range of 195 – 210 °C; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.
[0072] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 90 – 95%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-5%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-1%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0 – 1%; and having viscosity index in the range of 90 – 120; specific heat capacity in the range of 2.000 – 2.100 kJ/kg K, at 50 °C; no-flow point in the range of -2 to -25 °C; flash point in the range of 195 – 210 °C; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.
[0073] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 90 – 95%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-5%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-1%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0 – 1%; and having viscosity index in the range of 90 – 120; specific heat capacity in the range of 2.000 – 2.100 kJ/kg K, at 50 °C; no-flow point in

the range of -2 to -25 °C; flash point in the range of 195 – 210 °C; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
[0074] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the
range 90 – 95%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-5%; (iii)
resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-1%; and (iv) asphalts having weight
percentage in the range of 0 – 1%; and having viscosity index in the range of 90 – 120;
specific heat capacity in the range of 2.000 – 2.100 kJ/kg K, at 50 °C; no-flow point in
the range of -2 to -25 °C; flash point in the range of 195 – 210 °C; and (b) at least one
oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm, and selected
from the group consisting of titanium oxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3),
zirconium oxide (ZrO2), copper oxide (CuO), silica (SiO2), and combinations thereof.
[0075] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 90 – 95%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-5%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-1%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0 – 1%; and having viscosity index in the range of 90 – 120; specific heat capacity in the range of 2.000 – 2.100 kJ/kg K, at 50 °C; no-flow point in the range of -2 to -25 °C; flash point in the range of 195 – 210 °C; and (b) titanium oxide (TiO2) having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
[0076] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 90 – 95%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-5%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-1%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0 – 1%; and having viscosity index in the range of 90 – 120; specific heat capacity in the range of 2.000 – 2.100 kJ/kg K, at 50 °C; no-flow point in the range of -2 to -25 °C; flash point in the range of 195 – 210 °C; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
[0077] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the

range 90 – 95%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-5%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-1%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0 – 1%; and having viscosity index in the range of 90 – 120; specific heat capacity in the range of 2.000 – 2.100 kJ/kg K, at 50 °C; no-flow point in the range of -2 to -25 °C; flash point in the range of 195 – 210 °C; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm, and particle size in the range of 0.5 to 0.9 microns.
[0078] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the
range 90 – 95%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-5%; (iii)
resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-1%; and (iv) asphalts having weight
percentage in the range of 0 – 1%; and having viscosity index in the range of 90 – 120;
specific heat capacity in the range of 2.000 – 2.100 kJ/kg K, at 50 °C; no-flow point in
the range of -2 to -25 °C; flash point in the range of 195 – 210 °C; and (b) aluminum
oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm, and particle size
in the range of 0.5 to 0.9 microns. The composition exhibits an enhanced thermal
conductivity with an enhancement of up to 75%, compared to the thermal conductivity
of base fluid alone and the composition exhibits substantially the same thermal
conductivity after 10 cycles of loop operations, as it shows during the first cycle.
[0079] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 90 – 95%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-5%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-1%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0 – 1%; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
[0080] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage of 92.2%, and (ii) asphalts having weight percentage of 0.8%; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.

[0081] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage of 92.2%, and (ii) asphalts having weight percentage of 0.8%; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
[0082] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm and is selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), copper oxide (CuO), silica (SiO2), and combinations thereof.
[0083] an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm and is selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), copper oxide (CuO), silica (SiO2), and combinations thereof.
[0084] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 75%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 20-25%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 1-3%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 1 – 2%; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm and is selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), copper oxide (CuO), silica (SiO2), and combinations thereof.
[0085] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 74%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 21-24%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 1.5-2.5%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 1.5 – 2%; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm and is selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), copper oxide (CuO), silica (SiO2), and combinations thereof.

[0086] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 90 – 95%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-5%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-1%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0 – 1%; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm and is selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), copper oxide (CuO), silica (SiO2), and combinations thereof.
[0087] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 90 – 94%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-4%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-0.5%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0.5 – 1%; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm and is selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), copper oxide (CuO), silica (SiO2), and combinations thereof.
[0088] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid; and (b) titanium oxide (TiO2) having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.
[0089] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid; and (b) titanium oxide (TiO2) having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
[0090] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid; and (b) titanium oxide (TiO2) having a concentration of 200 ppm.
[0091] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.

[0092] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
[0093] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration of 200 ppm.
[0094] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 75%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 20-25%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 1-3%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 1 – 2%; and (b) titanium oxide (TiO2) having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.
[0095] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 74%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 21-24%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 1.5-2.5%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 1.5 – 2%; and (b) titanium oxide (TiO2) having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
[0096] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage of 73.9%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage of 22.2%; (iii) resins having weight percentage of 2.2%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage of 1.7%; and (b) titanium oxide (TiO2) having a concentration of 200 ppm.
[0097] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 90 – 95%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-5%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-1%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0 – 1%; and (b) titanium oxide (TiO2) having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.

[0098] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 90 – 94%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-4%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-0.5%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0.5 – 1%; and (b) titanium oxide (TiO2) having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
[0099] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage of 92.2%, and (ii) asphalts having weight percentage of 0.8%; and (b) titanium oxide (TiO2) having a concentration of 200 ppm.
[0100] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 75%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 20-25%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 1-3%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 1 – 2%; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.
[0101] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 74%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 21-24%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 1.5-2.5%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 1.5 – 2%; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
[0102] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage of 73.9%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage of 22.2%; (iii) resins having weight percentage of 2.2%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage of 1.7%; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration of 200 ppm.
[0103] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 90 – 95%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-5%; (iii)

resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-1%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0 – 1%; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm.
[0104] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 90 – 94%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-4%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-0.5%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0.5 – 1%; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm.
[0105] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage of 92.2%, and (ii) asphalts having weight percentage of 0.8%; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration of 200 ppm.
[0106] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm and has particle size in the range of 0.5 to 0.9 microns.
[0107] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 75%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 20-25%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 1-3%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 1 – 2%; and (b) titanium oxide (TiO2) having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm and has particle size in the range of 0.5 to 0.9 microns.
[0108] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 75%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 20-25%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 1-3%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 1 – 2%; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a

concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm and has particle size in the range of 0.5 to 0.9 microns.
[0109] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 90 – 95%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-5%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-1%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0 – 1%; and (b) titanium oxide (TiO2) having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm and has particle size in the range of 0.5 to 0.9 microns.
[0110] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 90 – 95%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-5%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-1%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0 – 1%; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm and has particle size in the range of 0.5 to 0.9 microns.
[0111] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm and has particle size in the range of 0.5 to 0.9 microns.
[0112] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 74%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 21-24%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 1.5-2.5%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 1.5 – 2%; and (b) titanium oxide (TiO2) having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm and has particle size in the range of 0.5 to 0.9 microns.
[0113] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 74%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 21-24%; (iii)

resins having weight percentage in the range of 1.5-2.5%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 1.5 – 2%; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm and has particle size in the range of 0.5 to 0.9 microns.
[0114] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 90 – 94%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-4%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-0.5%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0.5 – 1%; and (b) titanium oxide (TiO2) having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm and has particle size in the range of 0.5 to 0.9 microns.
[0115] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 90 – 94%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-4%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-0.5%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0.5 – 1%; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm and has particle size in the range of 0.5 to 0.9 microns.
[0116] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a
concentration of 200 ppm and has particle size in the range of 0.5 to 0.9 microns.
[0117] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500; and (b) titanium oxide (TiO2) having a concentration of 200 ppm and has particle size in the range of 0.5 to 0.9 microns.
[0118] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage of 73.9%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage of 22.2%; (iii) resins having weight percentage of 2.2%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage of 1.7%; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration of 200 ppm and has particle size in the range of 0.5 to 0.9 microns.

[0119] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage of 92.2%, and (ii) asphalts having weight percentage of 0.8%; and (b) titanium oxide (TiO2) having a concentration of 200 ppm and has particle size in the range of 0.5 to 0.9 microns.
[0120] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600 including: (i) saturates having weight percentage of 92.2%, and (ii) asphalts having weight percentage of 0.8%; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration of 200 ppm and has particle size in the range of 0.5 to 0.9 microns.
[0121] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm as described herein, wherein the composition exhibits an enhanced thermal conductivity with an enhancement of up to 75%, compared to the thermal conductivity of base fluid alone.
[0122] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid; and (b) at least one oxide compound having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm as described herein, wherein the composition exhibits substantially the same thermal conductivity after 10 cycles of loop operations, as it shows during the first cycle.
[0123] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a process for the
preparation of a composition comprising: (a) at least one base fluid; and (b) at least one oxide compound, having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm, wherein the said process comprises steps of: (a) contacting at least one base fluid with at least one oxide compound at a temperature in the range of 25 - 80°C, over a period in the range of 5 min. to 1 hour to obtain a first mixture; (b) homogenizing the first mixture by sonication to obtain the composition is carried out at a temperature in the range of 30 – 60 °C for a period in the range of 2 – 4 hours.
[0124] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a process for the
preparation of a composition comprising: (a) at least one base fluid; and (b) at least

one oxide compound, having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm, wherein the said process comprises steps of: (a) contacting at least one base fluid with at least one oxide compound at a temperature in the range of 25 - 80°C, over a period in the range of 5 min. to 1 hour to obtain a first mixture; (b) homogenizing the first mixture by sonication to obtain the composition is carried out at a temperature in the range of 30 – 60 °C for a period in the range of 2 – 4 hours.
[0125] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a process for the
preparation of a composition comprising: (a) at least one base fluid; and (b) at least one oxide compound, having a concentration of 200 ppm, wherein the said process comprises steps of: (a) contacting at least one base fluid with at least one oxide compound at a temperature in the range of 25 - 80°C, over a period in the range of 5 min. to 1 hour to obtain a first mixture; (b) homogenizing the first mixture by sonication to obtain the composition is carried out at a temperature in the range of 30 – 60 °C for a period in the range of 2 – 4 hours.
[0126] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a process for the
preparation of a composition comprising: (a) Hytherm 500; and (b) at least one oxide compound, having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm, wherein the said process comprises steps of: (a) contacting Hytherm 500 with at least one oxide compound at a temperature in the range of 25 - 80°C, over a period in the range of 5 min. to 1 hour to obtain a first mixture; (b) homogenizing the first mixture by sonication to obtain the composition is carried out at a temperature in the range of 30 – 60 °C for a period in the range of 2 – 4 hours.
[0127] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a process for the
preparation of a composition comprising: (a) Hytherm 500; and (b) at least one oxide compound, having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm, wherein the said process comprises steps of: (a) contacting Hytherm 500 with at least one oxide compound at a temperature in the range of 25 - 80°C, over a period in the range of 5 min. to 1 hour to obtain a first mixture; (b) homogenizing the first mixture by sonication to obtain the composition is carried out at a temperature in the range of 30 – 60 °C for a period in the range of 2 – 4 hours.

[0128] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a process for the
preparation of a composition comprising: (a) Hytherm 500; and (b) at least one oxide compound, having a concentration of 200 ppm, wherein the said process comprises steps of: (a) contacting Hytherm 500 with at least one oxide compound at a temperature in the range of 25 - 80°C, over a period in the range of 5 min. to 1 hour to obtain a first mixture; (b) homogenizing the first mixture by sonication to obtain the composition is carried out at a temperature in the range of 30 – 60 °C for a period in the range of 2 – 4 hours
[0129] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a process for the
preparation of a composition comprising: (a) Hytherm 600; and (b) at least one oxide compound, having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm, wherein the said process comprises steps of: (a) contacting Hytherm 600 with at least one oxide compound at a temperature in the range of 25 - 80°C, over a period in the range of 5 min. to 1 hour to obtain a first mixture; (b) homogenizing the first mixture by sonication to obtain the composition is carried out at a temperature in the range of 30 – 60 °C for a period in the range of 2 – 4 hours.
[0130] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a process for the
preparation of a composition comprising: (a) Hytherm 600; and (b) at least one oxide compound, having a concentration in the range of 100 – 250 ppm, wherein the said process comprises steps of: (a) contacting Hytherm 600 with at least one oxide compound at a temperature in the range of 25 - 80°C, over a period in the range of 5 min. to 1 hour to obtain a first mixture; (b) homogenizing the first mixture by sonication to obtain the composition is carried out at a temperature in the range of 30 – 60 °C for a period in the range of 2 – 4 hours.
[0131] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a process for the
preparation of a composition comprising: (a) Hytherm 600; and (b) at least one oxide compound, having a concentration of 200 ppm, wherein the said process comprises steps of: (a) contacting Hytherm 600 with at least one oxide compound at a temperature in the range of 25 - 80°C, over a period in the range of 5 min. to 1 hour to obtain a first mixture; (b) homogenizing the first mixture by sonication to obtain the

composition is carried out at a temperature in the range of 30 – 60 °C for a period in the range of 2 – 4 hours.
[0132] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a process for the
preparation of a composition comprising: (a) Hytherm 500; and (b) titanium oxide (TiO2) having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm, wherein the said process comprises steps of: (a) contacting Hytherm 500 with titanium oxide at a temperature in the range of 25 - 80°C, over a period in the range of 5 min. to 1 hour to obtain a first mixture; (b) homogenizing the first mixture by sonication to obtain the composition is carried out at a temperature in the range of 30 – 60 °C for a period in the range of 2 – 4 hours.
[0133] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a process for the
preparation of a composition comprising: (a) Hytherm 500; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm, wherein the said process comprises steps of: (a) contacting Hytherm 500 with aluminum oxide at a temperature in the range of 25 - 80°C, over a period in the range of 5 min. to 1 hour to obtain a first mixture; (b) homogenizing the first mixture by sonication to obtain the composition is carried out at a temperature in the range of 30 – 60 °C for a period in the range of 2 – 4 hours.
[0134] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a process for the
preparation of a composition comprising: (a) Hytherm 600; and (b) titanium oxide (TiO2) having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm, wherein the said process comprises steps of: (a) contacting Hytherm 600 with titanium oxide at a temperature in the range of 25 - 80°C, over a period in the range of 5 min. to 1 hour to obtain a first mixture; (b) homogenizing the first mixture by sonication to obtain the composition is carried out at a temperature in the range of 30 – 60 °C for a period in the range of 2 – 4 hours.
[0135] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a process for the
preparation of a composition comprising: (a) Hytherm 600; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm, wherein the said process comprises steps of: (a) contacting Hytherm 600 with aluminum oxide at a temperature

in the range of 25 - 80°C, over a period in the range of 5 min. to 1 hour to obtain a first mixture; (b) homogenizing the first mixture by sonication to obtain the composition is carried out at a temperature in the range of 30 – 60 °C for a period in the range of 2 – 4 hours.
[0136] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a process for the
preparation of a composition comprising: (a) Hytherm 500; and (b) titanium oxide (TiO2) having a concentration of 200 ppm, wherein the said process comprises steps of: (a) contacting Hytherm 500 with titanium oxide at a temperature in the range of 25
- 80°C, over a period in the range of 5 min. to 1 hour to obtain a first mixture; (b)
homogenizing the first mixture by sonication to obtain the composition is carried out at
a temperature of 50 °C for a period of 2 hours.
[0137] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a process for the
preparation of a composition comprising: (a) Hytherm 500; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration of 200 ppm, wherein the said process comprises steps of: (a) contacting Hytherm 500 with aluminum oxide at a temperature in the range of 25 - 80°C, over a period in the range of 5 min. to 1 hour to obtain a first mixture; (b) homogenizing the first mixture by sonication to obtain the composition is carried out at a temperature of 50 °C for a period of 2 hours.
[0138] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a process for the
preparation of a composition comprising: (a) Hytherm 600; and (b) titanium oxide (TiO2) having a concentration of 200 ppm, wherein the said process comprises steps of: (a) contacting Hytherm 600 with titanium oxide at a temperature in the range of 25
- 80°C, over a period in the range of 5 min. to 1 hour to obtain a first mixture; (b)
homogenizing the first mixture by sonication to obtain the composition is carried out at
a temperature of 50 °C for a period of 2 hours.
[0139] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a process for the
preparation of a composition comprising: (a) Hytherm 600; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration of 200 ppm, wherein the said process comprises steps of: (a) contacting Hytherm 600 with aluminum oxide at a temperature in the range of 25 - 80°C, over a period in the range of 5 min. to 1 hour to obtain a first mixture; (b)

homogenizing the first mixture by sonication to obtain the composition is carried out at
a temperature of 50 °C for a period of 2 hours.
[0140] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) at least one base fluid; and (b) at least one oxide having a
concentration in the range of 50 – 250 ppm as described herein, wherein the
composition can be used as a heat transfer fluid for heat storage and heat transfer
applications.
[0141] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500; and (b) titanium oxide (TiO2) having a concentration in
the range of 50 – 250 ppm, wherein the composition can be used as a heat transfer
fluid for heat storage and heat transfer applications.
[0142] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 500; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration
in the range of 50 – 250 ppm, wherein the composition can be used as a heat transfer
fluid for heat storage and heat transfer applications.
[0143] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600; and (b) titanium oxide (TiO2) having a concentration in
the range of 50 – 250 ppm, wherein the composition can be used as a heat transfer
fluid for heat storage and heat transfer applications.
[0144] In an embodiment of present disclosure, there is provided a composition
comprising: (a) Hytherm 600; and (b) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) having a concentration
in the range of 50 – 250 ppm, wherein the composition can be used as a heat transfer
fluid for heat storage and heat transfer applications.
[0145] Although the subject matter has been described in considerable detail with
reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, other embodiments are possible.
EXAMPLES
[0146] The disclosure will now be illustrated with working examples, which is intended to illustrate the working of disclosure and not intended to take restrictively to imply any limitations on the scope of the present disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly

understood to one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice of the disclosed methods and compositions, the exemplary methods, devices and materials are described herein. It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to particular methods, and experimental conditions described, as such methods and conditions may apply.
Example 1
Material and Methods
[0147] The base fluids used for the preparation of the heat transfer fluid composition were selected from the group consisting of Hytherm 500 and Hytherm 600. These base fluids comprise various components in differing weight percentages. Broadly, Hytherm 500 contemplated by the instant disclosure can comprise: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 70 – 75%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 20-25%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 1-3%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 1 – 2%. Similarly, Hytherm 600 contemplated by the instant disclosure can comprise: (i) saturates having weight percentage in the range 90 – 95%; (ii) aromatics having weight percentage in the range of 0-5%; (iii) resins having weight percentage in the range of 0-1%; and (iv) asphalts having weight percentage in the range of 0 – 1%.
[0148] Hytherm-500 used for the preparation of heat transfer fluid composition had the following characteristics and composition. It was a yellowish coloured base fluid (lube oil) for applications around 285 oC having a viscosity index of 93.9. It mainly contains saturates, and the SARA (saturate, aromatics, resins, and asphalts) analysis results showed that it contains 73.9 % saturates, 22.2% aromatics, 2.2 % resins, and 1.7 % asphalts.
[0149] Similarly, Hytherm 600 used for the preparation of heat transfer fluid composition had the following characteristics and composition. It was a blackish coloured base fluid (lube oil) for applications around 305 oC having a viscosity index of 111.8. It mainly contains saturates, and the SARA (saturate, aromatics, resins, and

asphalts) analysis results showed that it contains 92.2 % saturates, 0.0% aromatics, 0.0 % resins, and 0.8 % asphalts.
Example 2
Process of preparation sub-micron thermic fluid:
[0150] The sub-micron thermic fluids were prepared as exemplified in Table 1 by the following process: Sub-micron particles of TiO2 and Al2O3 in different concentration ranges varying from 100 ppm to 500 ppm were added to two different base fluids, i.e., Hytherm 500 and Hytherm 600 as mentioned in Table 1, at a temperature in the range of 25-80 oC, over a period in the range 5 minutes to 60 minutes to obtain first mixture. The obtained first mixture was further, homogenized by sonication at a temperature of 50 oC for a period of 2 hours to obtain the final composition of thermic fluid.

Example 3
Study of thermal conductivity of prepared sub-micron thermic fluids (SMTFs)
[0151] Heat transfer efficiency is directly related to thermal conductivity of the
composition. Various compositions were prepared to optimize the concentration of
sub-micron particles in the base fluid to obtain maximum enhancement in thermal
conductivity.
[0152] The thermal conductivity of the various compositions at different temperatures
was measured using transient plane source method and the results are recorded in
Table 2 below along with the percentage enhancement in thermal conductivity with
respect to the parent base fluids composition A (Hytherm 500) and B (Hytherm 600).

[0153] The results obtained from Table 2 clearly indicate the findings of the study that at a given temperature there was significant increase in thermal conductivity of parent base fluid, i.e., composition A (Hytherm 500) with the addition of 200 ppm of TiO2 (composition A2). Additionally, a gradual rise in thermal conductivity was observed with the increase in temperatures. Similar results were observed with composition A5 comprising 200 ppm of Al2O3.
[0154] Likewise, increase in thermal conductivity was observed in composition B2 (Hytherm 600 + 200 ppm TiO2) and B5 (Hytherm 600 + 200 ppm Al2O3) with respect to the parent base fluid, i.e., composition B.
Example 3
Thermo-physical properties of prepared sub-micron heat transfer fluids:
[0155] Based on the results obtained from the thermal conductivity optimization of the
compositions (sub-micron heat transfer fluids; SMTFs) as mentioned in Table 2,
further studies were carried out with composition A2, A5, B2, and B5 along with the
parent base fluids (compositions A and B), for various thermo-physical properties, i.e.,

[0156] Viscosity index (VI) was measured using rheometer. A low value of VI signifies a relatively large change of viscosity with change in temperature. Table 3 displays that VI increases on addition sub-micron particles of TiO2 and Al2O3. A high value of VI is desirable for a good heat transfer fluid.
[0157] Rheological measurements were carried out to study the effects of additives on heat transfer fluids. Figure 1 and Figure 2 depict plot of viscosity versus shear rate for composition A and A2 respectively, which came out to be straight line at a fixed temperature and therefore exhibiting Newtonian behavior. On addition of sub-micron particles there is only a small change in viscosity with increase in shear rate. [0158] Newtonian fluids show a linear increase in stress with increasing shear rates. Composition A, which was nothing but the base fluid, exhibited Newtonian behavior as depicted in Figure 3. After addition of sub-micron particles, similar plot was

obtained (Figure 4). Therefore, based on the fact that the plots of Figure 3 and Figure 4 are nearly identical, it can be inferred that addition of sub-micron particles does not affect the Newtonian behavior of the base fluids used in the instant disclosure. [0159] The no flow point is defined as the lowest temperature of utility of any fluid for some applications. Flow characteristics, such as no flow point, can be critical for the proper operation of lubricating systems, fuel systems, and pipeline operations. A fluid with low flow point is desirable for operations at very low temperatures also. It can be inferred from Table 3, that no-flow point decreased on addition of sub-micron particles to base fluid (compositions A and B). Composition A2 and A5 obtained on addition 200 ppm of TiO2 and Al2O3 respectively to composition A (Hytherm 500) had lower no-flow point than composition A which is merely base fluid. Similar trend was observed for composition B2 and B5 prepared by addition of 200 ppm of TiO2 and Al2O3 respectively to composition B (Hytherm 600). Hence it is clear that addition of sub-micron particles to base fluids (Hytherm 500 and Hytherm 600) surprisingly has a positive effect on no-flow point of base fluid.
[0160] Flash point does not affect transfer efficiency, but it is an important property from safety point of view. Higher flash point provides additional safety from fire hazards. It is clear from Table 3 that flash point of base fluids (composition A and B) increased on addition of sub-micron particles of TiO2 and Al2O3. Composition A (Hytherm 500) had a flash point of 197 °C which increased to 197.9 °C on addition of 200 ppm of TiO2 sub-micron particles (composition A5). Similarly, flash point further increased to 198.6 °C on addition of 200 ppm of Al2O3 sub-micron particles (composition A5). Similarly, increment in flash point was observed for composition B (Hytherm 600) on addition of sub-micron particles of TiO2 and Al2O3 to it. The specific heat capacity (Cp) is one of the important properties and plays an important role in influencing transfer rate of heat transfer fluids. It was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) using ratio method in which sapphire disk was taken as standard. It is clear from Table 1 that, Cp at a fixed temperature increases on addition of sub-micron particles to base fluids. From Table 3, it can be observed that at a given temperature there was a significant increase in Cp value of parent base fluid.

For instance, composition A (Hytherm 500) which has a Cp value of 2.053 at 50 °C, on addition of 200 ppm of TiO2 sub-micron particles (A2) exhibited about 4 – 5 % increase in the Cp value (2.144). Similar results were obtained on addition of 200 ppm of Al2O3 sub-micron particles (A5). For composition B (Hytherm 600), only a slight increase in Cp value was observed on addition of 200 ppm of TiO2 sub-micron particles (B2) while Cp value was found to decrease on addition of 200 ppm of Al2O3 (B5).
Example 4
Stability study for prepared sub-micron thermic fluids (SMTFs):
[0161] To study the stability of the sub-micron thermic fluid compositions, a heat
exchange test was conducted using a high temperature solar loop fabricated as
described in the patent application (Indian Patent, App. No: 7104/CHE/2015). Table 4
depicts thermal conductivity values of the compositions A´, A2´, B´, and B2´which
were obtained after carrying out 10 cycles of heating and cooling between ambient
temperature and 300 oC, of the compositions A, A2, B, and B2 respectively of Table 2.
A comparison of values obtained after 10 cycles of loop operation and initial values
given in Table 2 above indicates almost similar thermal conductivity values, clearly
illustrating the stability of sub-micron thermic fluids of the instant disclosure.

[0162] Overall based on the disclosure above, it can be appreciated that a process of synthesis of a stable SMTFs is provided by optimizing the concentration of sub-micron particles of TiO2 and Al2O3 and using sonication technique which is less time consuming as sonication speeds up the process. Also the composition obtained exhibits tremendous enhancement in thermal conductivity, increase in specific capacity, decrease in no-flow point, increase in flash point and excellent cyclic stability. [0163] Although the subject matter has been described in considerable detail with reference to certain examples and implementations thereof, other implementations are possible.