DESC:HIGH PERFORMANCE NANO-FORMULATION PRODUCTS

Field Of the Invention
The invention relates to high performance nano-formulation products, particularly products that have incorporated nano-formulations or colloidal nanomaterials. Such nano-formulations are colloidal nanomaterials which ultimately get embeded in the products or get coated on to the products making them high performance nano-formulation products. The invention also covers preparation of nano-formulations and preparation of high-performance nano-formulation products thereof and various applications of these nano-formulation products particularly in healthcare industry, personal care products, food industry etc. The preferred nanomaterials are nanoparticles of Silver (Ag), Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Titanium (TiO2). At least one and preferably two and all three are included in most of the nano-formulation products. The particle size of these nanoparticles is from 1nm – 1000 nm, preferably from 1 nm – 750 nm, more preferably from 1 nm – 250 nm and most preferably from 1 nm – 100 nm making them high performance nanoparticles.
Preferably the nanomaterial products have all the three nanomaterials.

Background Of the Invention
Recent times have observed enormous addition in air pollution-related diseases and along with this, the improper disposal of the biological wastes (like lower animal processing discards, medical wastes, etc.) has led to many new ailments like Chikungunya, Smallpox, SAARS, Swine flu and now the dreaded Corona. Human awareness of over using the resources and mishandling of biological wastes have contributed much towards the menace.
With time, humanity has faced the menace of many airborne contagious ailments being propagated either by the gust of air by sneezing droplets. Be it influenza or corona, it is principally communicated by droplets. Along with this, the gust of wind also carries pollen and spores of many bacteria or fungi that either causes an allergy or an infection.
Corona virus has indeed emerged as an anathema worldwide. The virus is deadly, highly dispersive and propagative through social contact. It belongs to the Myxoviridae family like influenza and is pleiomorphic. The presence of RNA makes it even worse. The Science of Nanomaterials - Nanoscience and its application ensure remedies for such viruses as they work approximately at the same scale.
Amidst the highly appreciable/commendable steps being taken by the Government of India there has been a vast shortage of the PPE kits among the medical personnel treating the disease with fortitude. They are indeed our real fighters of this perilous moment and are most vulnerable subjects for the disease.
It is indeed a need of an hour to provide technologically advanced products to protect individuals right from pollution to various infections and to reduce bacterial and viral load and obnoxious odours, undesired moisture etc.
The main goal of the present invention is to provide various such technologically advanced products.

Brief Description of Drawings

Figure 1 provides Rietveld refined pattern of Silver (Ag) Nanoparticles (NP) in the space group Fm 3 m. Symbols represent the observed data points and the solid lines their Rietveld. The inset provides a Williamson-Hallplot for Ag nanoparticles.
Figure 2 provides EDS pattern of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and SEM image of cotton fabric (inset) adhered with silver nanoparticles prepared using Clerodendron infortunatum extract.
Figure 3 provides UV-VIS spectra for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) recorded as a function of time of reaction of 0.25 M aqueous solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3) with Cycas. Inset: Absorbance at ? max as a function of time with nonlinear fit.
Figure 4 provides three images viz. 4(a), 4(b) and 4(c). Figure 4(a) is TEM photograph. Figure 4(b) provides SAED (Selected area electron diffraction);
Figure 4(c) provides particle size distribution of silver nanoparticles. The inset photograph is of Cycas leaf and deposition of Ag nanoparticles.
Figures 5 – 17 are EDS pattern of various nanoparticles with SEM images.
Figure 5(a): Zinc colloidal nanoparticles embedded on cotton cloth using plant resource lemon juice.
Figure 5(b) Zinc colloidal nanoparticles distribution on cotton cloth on 100-micron scale.
Figure 5(c) and Figure 5(d): Graphical and Tabular representation of spectrum data for the percentage of Zinc nanoparticles on the cloth using plant resource lemon juice.
Figure 6(a): Silver colloidal nanoparticles embedded on cotton cloth using plant resourcelemon juice.
Figure 6(b) Silver colloidal nanoparticles distribution on cotton cloth on 100-micron scale.
Figure 6(c) and Figure 6(d): Graphical and Tabular representation of spectrum data for the percentage of Silver nanoparticles on the cloth using plant resource lemon juice.
Figure 7(a): Zinc colloidal nanoparticles embedded on cotton cloth using soft chemical citric acid.
Figure 7(b) Zinc colloidal nanoparticles distribution on cotton cloth on 200-micron scale.
Figure 7(c) and Figure 7(d): Graphical and Tabular representation of spectrum data for the percentage of Zinc nanoparticles on the cloth using soft chemical citric acid.
Figure 8(a): Zinc colloidal nanoparticles embedded on cotton cloth using soft chemical citric acid.
Figure 8(b) Zinc colloidal nanoparticles distribution on cotton cloth on 100-micron scale.
Figure 8(c) and Figure 8(d): Graphical and Tabular representation of spectrum data for the percentage of Zinc nanoparticles on the cloth using soft chemical citric acid.
Figure 9(a): Titanium colloidal nanoparticles embedded on cotton cloth using plant resource lemon juice.
Figure 9(b) Titanium colloidal nanoparticles distribution on cotton cloth on 100-micron scale.
Figure 9(c) and Figure 9(d): Graphical and Tabular representation of spectrum data for the percentage of Titanium nanoparticles on the cloth using plant resource lemon juice.
Figure 10(a): Titanium colloidal nanoparticles embedded on cotton cloth using soft chemical citric acid.
Figure 10(b) Titanium colloidal nanoparticles distribution on cotton cloth on 100-micron scale.
Figure 10(c) and Figure 10(d): Graphical and Tabular representation of spectrum data for the percentage of Titanium nanoparticles on the cloth using soft chemical citric acid.
Figure 11(a): Zinc colloidal nanoparticles in powder form using soft chemical citric acid.
Figure 11(b) Zinc colloidal nanoparticles in powder form on 2-micron scale.
Figure 11(c) and Figure 11(d): Graphical and Tabular representation of spectrum data for the percentage of Zinc colloidal nanoparticles in powder form using soft chemical citric acid.
Figure 12(a): Silver colloidal nanoparticles in powder form using soft chemical citric acid.
Figure 12(b) Silver colloidal nanoparticles in powder form on 2-micron scale.
Figure 12(c) and Figure 12(d): Graphical and Tabular representation of spectrum data for the percentage of Silver colloidal nanoparticles in powder form using soft chemical citric acid.
Figure 12 (e) Measurement of silver colloidal nanoparticles formed using soft chemical citric acid. Size of silver nanoparticles ranges from 18nm -110nm.
Figure 13(a): Zinc colloidal nanoparticles in powder form using plant resourcelemon juice.
Figure 13(b) Zinc colloidal nanoparticles in powder form on 1-micron scale.
Figure 13(c) and Figure 13(d): Graphical and Tabular representation of spectrum data for the percentage of Zinc colloidal nanoparticles in powder form using plant resourcelemon juice.
Figure 13(e) Measurement of Zinc colloidal nanoparticles formed using plant resourcelemon juice. Size of Zinc nanoparticles ranges from 9nm -52nm.
Figure 14(a): Titanium colloidal nanoparticles in powder form using soft chemical citric acid.
Figure 14(b) Titanium colloidal nanoparticles in powder form on 1-micron scale.
Figure 14(c) and Figure 14(d): Graphical and Tabular representation of spectrum data for the percentage of Titanium colloidal nanoparticles in powder form using soft chemical citric acid.
Figure 14 (e) Measurement of Titanium colloidal nanoparticles formed using soft chemical citric acid. Size of Titanium nanoparticles ranges approximately from 46nm -182nm.
Figure 15(a) and 15(b) Image and measurements of silver nanoparticles (range approximately from 18-35 nm) using lemon juice as plants resources.
Figure 16(a) and 16(b) Image and measurements of Titanium nanoparticles (range approximately from 90-200 nm) using citric acid as soft chemicals.
Figure 17(a) and 17(b) Image and measurements of Zinc nanoparticles (range approximately from 20-110nm) using lemon juice as plant resources.

Detailed description of the invention
The invention relates to high performance nano-formulation products, particularly products that have incorporated nano-formulations. Such nano-formulations are / contain colloidal nanomaterials which ultimately get embeded in the products or get coated on to the products making them high performance nano-formulation products.
The preferred nanomaterials are nanoparticles of Silver (Ag), Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Titanium (TiO2). At least one and preferably two and all three are included in most of the nano-formulation products. The particle size of these nanoparticles is from 1nm – 1000 nm, preferably from 1 nm – 20 750 nm, more preferably from 1 nm – 250 nm and most preferably from 1 nm – 100 nm making them high performance nanoparticles.
Other preferred nanoparticles include Copper (Cu), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) and Gold (Au) and Platinum (Pt) etc.
The nano-formulation products thus prepared have tremendous scope and manifold applications in healthcare industry, personal care products, cosmetics, food industry and hospitality industry etc.
Some of the examples of nano-formulation products include face mask , Personal Protection Equipment (PPE), hand wash, liquid soap, sanitizer, room freshener, foot-freshener, moping solutions, de-odorizer for the community WCs, deodorants, talc, soap, detergent, shampoo, napkins, diapers, wound healers, beds, curtains, burn dressings, patch bandages, skincare, other female utility products including sanitary napkins, aromatic products and many more and their use could also be extended in different healthcare products as well as in food industry for preservation and packaging or for the purpose of enhancing the shelf life of different food items.
The nanoparticles embedded in nano-formulation products impart various desired properties to these products. For example, in the current situation of outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic, face masks are made compulsory in any public place in most countries. It is mandatory for healthcare workers treating Covid positive patients to use PPE to protect themselves from Covid-19.
These protection tools when used after soaking / spraying / coating with these nano-formulations impart more protection against virus than the regular face mask / PPEs. These nano-formulations cause embedding of nanaoparticles in some cases and coating in other cases making such products high performing masks and PPEs.
Such incorporation / embedding and coating make these nanomaterials functional (a term Shodhan was used in Ayurvedic literature for such functionalization).
Silver nanoparticles / nanomaterials are best to kill bacteria and viruses. Zinc oxide and Titanium oxide / dioxide also serve the same purpose.
The other desired property of such nanomaterial is capacity of absorbing obnoxious odours and thereby causing deodorizing action. Such property is useful in room fresheners, foot freshener, deodorizers. Titanium oxide / dioxide nanoparticles are highly desirable for reducing odours. Additionally, the fragrances can be added to make desired products.
None of the used colloidal nanomaterial(s) has toxicity as titanium dioxide (TiO2) makes part of our food and medicines, zinc oxide (ZnO) is the base for topical creams and silver (Ag) is unique in the sense as it gets more effective on higher dilutions as per previous literature. So far, no toxicity assay has been undertaken except the testing of Ag and ZnO sols against Maurine macrophages at RMRI, Patna. That study did not show any toxicity for plant extract generated silver and zinc oxide sols/colloids.
Such products are put to use for the menace of air emissions, fowl biogenic odors and of utility to the bio-medical professionals.
Apart from antimicrobial / antiviral action, zinc nanoparticles have enhanced capacity to absorb moisture and are incorporated into products where such action is desired.
Titanium oxide / dioxide nanoparticles having capacity to kill bacteria in addition to deodorizing and can be incorporated in desired products like soap, hand wash, sanitizers etc. in addition to face masks and PPEs.
Combination of all three nanomaterials make such products high performing products killing microbial and viral loads and reducing undesired moisture and odours. Particularly, face masks and PPEs also depending on the material of constitution are durable, reusable and offer much more and comprehensive protection against bacteria and viruses. These nano-formulation products can be thoroughly cleaned after use as per the protocol and can be again subjected to soaking / coating with nano-formulations. After soaking / coating and drying, they can be autoclaved and reused.
Revived Nano-coating of the used PPE Kits in order to enable them for their re-use and certainly ensure the reduction in the demand and supply gap is also a goal of the present invention. This will not only reduce the cost, rather will help in providing a Nano-shield to our medical professionals.
The invention also covers preparation of nano-formulations and preparation of high-performance nano-formulation products thereof. Preparation of nano-formulations is achieved through reproducible, cost-effective and green route i.e. by using non-polluting reagents.
The nano-formulations also called as Sol or colloids are preferably prepared using plant resources and soft chemicals. The use of plant resources is highly desirable as it not only provides a green route of preparation but also provides plant metabolites which further functionalize the nanomaterial(s) in colloids and appreciably enhance their activity. This property of plant metabolites to functionalize has been recognized in Ayurveda and better known as Shodhan.
Use of both plant resources and soft chemicals provide a highly reproducible, eco-friendly, and industrially amenable process for scaling up. The method is well optimized and the concentrations of the nanomaterials will remain the same for every batch of the experiment if the requisite conditions are met.
In a preferred embodiment, plant leaf and leaf extract are used in production of nanoparticles thus providing a green route manufacturing. Some of the preferred plants include Phyllanthus, Eucalyptus, Annona, Moringa, Rose, Sandal, Hill Glory Bower (Clerodendrum infortunatum), Cycas, Lemon, Mint and Aloe vera etc. Preferred palnt resource is leaf of the plant. Another preferred resource is juice of the plant. Yet another preferred resource is plant extract. Leaf can be selected from Phyllanthus, Eucalyptus, Annona, Moringa, Rose, Sandal, Hill Glory Bower (Clerodendrum infortunatum), Cycas, Lemon, Mint and Aloe vera etc. Alternatively, lemon juice preparation has also been used. No alcohol is required for lemon juice preparation. Yet alternatively, extract of Hill Glory Bower (Clerodendrum infortunatum) or Aloe vera or Eucalyptus can be employed.
The leaf of the plant is preferred. The leaf is thoroughly cleaned and dried. An alcoholic extract is then prepared by immersing portions of the leaf in alcohol and subjecting it to water bath at around 100°C. A colour change to dark green is set as an end point. This dark green alcoholic extract is likely to contain flavonoids along with chlorophylls and other phytochemicals and taken for further processing after filtration. This is a source extract.
The further process involves taking a measured amount of source extract and diluting the same with water and subjecting to various metal solutions one at a time such as Silver nitrate or zinc chloride or titanium oxide. The mixture is warmed to around 60 °C till it becomes dark (for Silver) or hazy (for Zinc as well as for Titanium) and a deposit of particles is visible. The particles are filtered for characterization.
In another preferred embodiment, soft chemical is used in production of nanoparticles. The preferred soft chemicals include Citric acid, tartaric acid and stearic acid. The citric acid is particularly thermodynamically stable and chosen due to its easy availability. Further, scaling up for industrial level production is easier.
The colloidal sols of each such as Silver, Zinc oxide and Titanium dioxide are prepared separately according to the method described above and according to the detailed methods described under various examples.
The colloidal nanomaterials (metals and oxides) will either be synthesized using any one of the above sources of plant or soft chemical or will be procured from the market and will be mixed them, in a certain ratio, to functionalize them using different plant extracts having proven antiviral/antifungal/antimicrobial properties.
The nano-formulation products are prepared by incorporating / embedding this Sols or by coating these Sols.

Liquid Soap Preparation
Colloidal nanomaterials like silver, zinc and titanium are prepared. Oils used include one or more of Coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil, Castor (Ricinus communis) oil, Karanja (Pongamia glabra) oil, Linseed (Linum usitatisimum) oil, Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) oil, Neem (Melia Azadirachta) oil. Alkali used is potassium hydroxide. Oils are heated and treated with potassium hydroxide and nanomaterials are added. Additionally, a surfactant such as sodium lauryl sulphate can be added optionally.

Preparation of Face masks
The regular facemask currently in use is just a piece of non-woven filter cloth and it may not ensure filtration of microbes to a higher extent. In the instant invention, a nanomaterial(s) (in the colloidal form) soaked 3-ply/4-ply facemask is prepared wherein each layer is soaked in a different nano-formulation. Thus, one layer soaked and thereafter dried in Silver nano-formulation, the other in ZnO nano-formulation and third in TiO2 nano-formulation are combined in the mask to ensure enhanced bacterial and viral protection providing a high performing, durable, reusable mask prepared by eco-friendly green route of preparation.
The facemask elements can be prepared by using sols of different nanomaterials. The mask material can be tightly woven cotton, layers of silk, muslin, mixtures of fabric like cotton and flannel or cotton and chiffon. The face mask contains from 3 – 5 layers with 1 – 3 layers treated with nanomaterials and additionally barrier layers. ––The barrier layers are of nonwoven filter cloth made of polypropylene, usually separates the inner and outer layers. Nonwoven filter cloth made of cellulose material, synthetic fibres such as polypropylene (especially spun-bonded polypropylene available in a variety of weights: 20 g/m2 to 25 g/m2).
Due to the very high surface area of the soaked nanomaterial(s) in different plies, a quick adsorption/absorption of pollutants like Cox, Sox, Nox, H2S takes place in the outermost layer thereby offering protection against regular gaseous emissions in air pollution. Biogenic odours, droplets that may contain – viruses, bacteria, fungi, pollens, etc. may get readily arrested and nullified in the other two layers. The colloid nanomaterials being absorbed on elements are biocompatible and safe.

Preparation of PPE kits.
Various soaked or coated fabrics can be used to stich PPEs particularly gown or PPE overall or coverall. Alternatively, already existing PPEs can be revived as follows:

Reviving already prepared PPE kits.
Our other main goal is towards revived Nano-coating of the used PPE particularly gown or body coverall or body overall in order to enable them for their re-use and certainly ensure the reduction in the demand and supply gap. This will not only reduce the cost, rather will help in providing a Nano-shield to our medical professionals. We take use of quick, handy, cost-effective, non-toxic and a totally green protocol for the synthesis of different nanomaterials of which we have considerable expertise. We propose to clean and re-charge the used PPE kits in the following step-wise manner:
1. Thorough cleaning of the PPE using warm water.
2. Dipping/pooling of the kit in the tank containing Colloidal Nanomaterial in order to enable an effective and functional coating.
3. Air drying in order to allow the proper soaking/coating
4. Treatment of UV light to check and sanitize further
5. Autoclaving PPE kits
6. Thus, the PPE will get re-charged for their further use.

Sanitization of curtains, bed sheets, surgical apparel to cater healthcare and even hospitability industry.
Following the above-mentioned procedure, we one can sanitize the curtains, bed sheets, surgical apparels, etc. being taken into use in our healthcare areas. Alternatively, the nanomaterials can also be taken into use for sanitation of public wash rooms or for preparing a hand wash/sanitizer itself.

Sanitary napkins
Fabric soaked in or coated with colloidal nano silver material or colloidal nano zinc material or colloidal nano titanium material are air dried. Sanitary pads can be easily and effectively layered with the fabric embedded with or coated with nanoparticles to impart disinfectant properties to the external/internal layers of covering/ fabric/absorbent material (cellulose or cotton)
The pads can be subjected to UV light and further autoclaving for sterilizing.

Sanitizers
From hand sanitizers to tunnel sanitizers and room sanitizers and also room fresheners are prepared from colloidal nanomaterials such as silver, zinc and titanium. Additionally, hand sanitizers contain plant extracts and moisturizer such as glycerol and optionally fragrances preferably of natural origin. Glycerol is safe and non-irritant. It provides desired consistency for spreading and adhering. Hand sanitizer was surprisingly found to eliminate pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia Coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans.

Advantages of the present invention
The present invention provides nano-formulation products containing nanoparticles prepared using colloidal nanomaterials which are prepared using a plant resource or a soft chemical.
The use of plant resources is highly desirable as it not only provides a green route of preparation but also provides plant metabolites which further functionalize the nanomaterial(s) in colloids and appreciably enhance their activity. This property of plant metabolites to functionalize has been recognized in Ayurveda and better known as Shodhan.
As a plant resource, leaf, juice or extract of a plant are preferred and used. The plant is selected from Phyllanthus, Eucalyptus, Annona, Moringa, Rose, Sandal, Hill Glory Bower (Clerodendrum infortunatum), Cycas, Lemon, Mint and Aloe vera etc.
Alternatively soft chemicals are used which do not require any harsh conditions for usage such as high temperature or pressure.
It is surprisingly seen that a hand sanitizer that incorporated colloidal nanomaterials of the present invention eliminated pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia Coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans.
Tunnel sanitizer and room sanitizers that incorporated colloidal nanomaterials of the present invention are found quite effective.
The present invention provides incorporation of nanoparticles in cloth and clothing wherein the nanoparticles are prepared from colloidal nanomaterial using plant resource or soft chemical. These clothing can be used for variety of purposes such as in preparing face mask, sanitary napkins, PPE kit, curtain, bed sheet, surgical apparel to cater healthcare and hospitability industry.
From colloidal nanomaterials large variety of nano-formulation products are easily, and cost effectively prepared as provided in the present invention.

Following examples illustrate various embodiments of the invention without limiting invention in any way.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 – Synthesis of nano-formulation i.e., cold Sol containing Silver (Ag) nanoparticles using any plant of our choice having the antimicrobial property
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were prepared by using ethanolic plant extracts. A known weight (15 g each) of freshly collected, healthy leaves of the plant of choice were taken and washed thoroughly to remove the impurities then dried, cut into small pieces. Now they were placed in a 250 ml beaker containing 200 ml 50% Et-OH and were placed on a boiling steam bath for 15–20 min until the colour of the solvent changed to light yellowish green to dark green. These solutions contain probable candidate flavonoids along with chlorophylls and other phytochemicals. They were cooled at room temperature, pressed and filtered firstly through the sterile serene cloth and then Whatman filter paper. These solutions were treated as source extracts and were utilized in subsequent procedures.
Then 50 ml of source extract from each plant was mixed with 50 ml of sterile distilled water and now to each of these extract solutions equal volume (20 ml) of 0.025 (M) AgNO3 solutions were added. The extracts were warmed at 60°C on the steam bath for 20 min until the colour of solutions changes from light green to black and were allowed to cool and incubate in the laboratory ambiance. The deposition gets distinctly visible in the flask which was left for 20-30 min and subsequently filtered for further characterization studies.

Example 2 – Synthesis of nano-formulation i.e., cold Sol containing ZnO nanoparticles using any plant of our choice having the antimicrobial property
Zinc nano-formulation containing Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was prepared by using ethanolic plant extracts. A known weight (15 g each) of freshly collected, healthy leaves of the plant of our choice were taken and washed thoroughly to remove the impurities then dried, cut into small pieces. Now, they were placed in a 250 ml beaker containing 200 ml 50% Et-OH and were placed on a boiling steam bath for 15–20 min until the colour of the solvent changed to light yellowish green to dark green. These solutions contain probable candidate flavonoids. They were cooled at room temperature, pressed and filtered firstly through the sterile serene cloth and then Whatman filter paper. These solutions were treated as source extracts and were utilized in subsequent procedures.
Then 50 ml of source extract from each of plant was mixed with 50 ml of sterile distilled water and now to each of these extract solutions, equal volume (20 ml) of 0.25 (M) ZnCl2 solutions was added (without shifting the pH beyond 6) and it was heated until the appearance of starch like haziness in solution and white deposition at the bottom of flask was noted. This was perceived as the initiation of nano-transformation. The value of pH was maintained at 6. The flask was allowed to incubate in the laboratory ambiance for another four hours till duck white fluffy mass settles down leaving clear transparent supernatant at the top. It was filtered for further characterization studies.

Example 3 – Synthesis of TiO2 NPs using any plant of our choice having antimicrobial property:
Titanium dioxide nano-formulation containing Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) was prepared by using ethanolic plant extracts. A known weight (15 g each) of freshly collected, healthy leaves of the plant of our choice were taken and washed thoroughly to remove the impurities then dried, cut into small pieces. Now they were placed in a 250 ml beaker containing 200 ml 50% Et-OH and were placed on a boiling steam bath for 15–20 min until the colour of the solvent changed to light yellowish green to dark green. These solutions contain probable candidate flavonoids. They were cooled at room temperature, pressed and filtered firstly through the sterile serene cloth and then Whatman filter paper. These solutions were treated as source extracts and were utilized in subsequent procedures.
Then 50 ml of source extract from each of plant was mixed with 50 ml of sterile distilled water and now to each of these extract solutions, equal volume (20 ml) of 0.25 (M) TiO2 solutions was added (without shifting the pH beyond 6) and it was heated until the appearance of milk like whiteness in solution and white deposition at the bottom of flask was noted. This was perceived as the initiation of nano-transformation. The value of pH was maintained at 6. The flask was allowed to incubate in the laboratory ambiance for another three hours till duck/milky white fluffy mass settles down leaving clear transparent supernatant at the top. It was filtered for further characterization studies.

Example 4: Preparation of nanformulation product face mask
1. Selection / procurement and preparation of material of mask – Non-woven filter cloth (1-2 mm thickness) /any other suitable and bio-compatible fabric surface like banana fibre/fabric surface, silk (Mulberry/Tassar) surface was procured from the market and was cut into small pieces of 4 inches by 3 inches size and were termed as elements.
2. Treating prepared material with nano-formulation / cold sol containing desired nanoparticles Silver / Zinc / Titanium – The preparation of nano-formulations / cold Sol of Silver, Zinc and Titanium is described above. Now, these elements were separately coated/charged with the cold sols of each of these nanomaterials (Ag, ZnO, and TiO2) for 10 minutes and allowed to dry under the laboratory conditions and were duly characterized by the SEM technique to assess the absorption/coating.
3. It was observed that 20-25 such elements could be embedded/soaked in one lap on the lab-scale.
According to the need, the layers embedding various nanomaterials are combined to prepare mask. The mask thus has Silver, ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles and ready to be used in adverse conditions.

Example 5 – Procedure for making the used PPE re-usable as well as charging/soaking of Elements
The preparation of nano-formulations / cold Sol of Silver, Zinc and Titanium is described above. To make the already manufactured PPEs particularly gown or body coverall or body overall reusable, it is proposed to clean and re-charge the used PPE in the following step-wise manner:
1. Thorough cleaning of the PPEs using warm water and cleaning further as per provided protocol.
2. Dipping/pooling of the PPEs in the tank containing Colloidal Nanomaterial in order to enable an effective and functional coating.
3. Air drying in order to allow the proper soaking/coating
4. Treatment of UV light to check and sanitize further
5. Thus, the PPE will get re-charged for their further use.
Following the above-mentioned procedure, we can sanitize the curtains, bed sheets, surgical apparels, etc. being taken into use in our healthcare areas. Alternatively, the nanomaterials can also be taken into use for sanitation of public wash rooms or for preparing a hand wash/sanitizer itself.
Example 6A: Preparation of new colloidal silver solution using plant or plant part
Step A : Preparation of source reagent
Step B: Preparation of New Colloidal Silver Solution* (from above Source Reagent).
Step A: Silver nitrate 42.46 g is weighed and dissolved in 1 litre RO water, If needed, solution is warmed at 60°C, cooled and filtered. This is kept as a stock solution in amber bottle. As per need 250 ml or 500 ml of or any other amount of source reagent can be dispensed from the stock solution. This is 0.25 M Silver (AgNO3) solution.
Step B: Alcoholic extract of any leaf is prepared as provided in example 1. Alcoholic extract from 20 – 80 % ethanol can be used. Preferably around 250 ml of 30 % ethanolic extract of any leaf of choice is used. Leaf can be selected from Phyllanthus, Eucalyptus, Annona, Moringa, Rose, Sandal, Hill Glory Bower (Clerodendrum infortunatum), Cycas, Lemon, Mint and Aloe vera etc. Alternatively, lemon juice preparation where 20 ml lemon juice is diluted with RO water to 200 ml has also been used. No alcohol is required for lemon juice preparation. Yet alternatively, extract of Hill Glory Bower (Clerodendrum infortunatum), Aloe vera or Eucalyptus can be employed.
pH of Alcoholic leaf extract or lemon juice preparation is adjusted to pH 9 with sodium hydroxide pellets / solution.
To above pH adjusted extract / preparation, 25 ml of (0.25 M) AgNO3 source reagent is added and heated for another 10 minutes till complete development of colour (it should be sooty black/deep brown) is observed. This is Nano colloidal silver solution. This can be employed in room sanitizer / air sanitizer and hand sanitizer and also in developing new liquid hand washes.
Figure 4 provides three images viz. 4(a), 4(b) and 4(c). Figure 4(a) is TEM photograph. Figure 4(b) provides SAED (Selected area electron diffraction);
Figure 4(c) provides particle size distribution of silver nanoparticles. The inset photograph is of Cycas leaf and deposition of Ag nanoparticles.
Example 6B: Preparation of new colloidal zinc solution
Step A: Preparation of source reagent
Step B: Preparation of Colloidal Zinc Solution* (from above Source Reagent).
Step A: Zinc chloride 34.07 g is weighed and dissolved in 1 litre RO water, If needed, solution is warmed at 60°C, cooled and filtered. This is kept as a stock solution in amber bottle. As per need 250 ml or 500 ml of or any other amount of source reagent can be dispensed from the stock solution. This is 0.25 M Zinc chloride solution.
Step B: Alcoholic extract of any leaf is prepared as provided in example 1. Alcoholic extract from 20 – 80 % ethanol can be used. Preferably around 250 ml of 30 % ethanolic extract of any leaf of choice is used. Leaf can be selected from Phyllanthus, Eucalyptus, Annona, Moringa, Rose, Sandal, mint and cycas etc.

Alternatively, lemon juice preparation where 20 ml lemon juice is diluted with RO water to 200 ml has also been used. No alcohol is required for lemon juice preparation.
Figure 13(a): Zinc colloidal nanoparticles in powder form using plant resources as lemon juice.
Figure 13(b) Zinc colloidal nanoparticles in powder form on 1-micron scale.
Figure 13(c) and Figure 13(d): Graphical and Tabular representation of spectrum data for the percentage of Zinc colloidal nanoparticles in powder form using plant resources as lemon juice.
Figure 13(e) Measurement of Zinc colloidal nanoparticles formed using plant resources as lemon juice. Size of Zinc nanoparticles ranges from 9nm -52nm.

pH of Alcoholic leaf extract or lemon juice preparation is adjusted to pH 9 with sodium hydroxide pellets / solution.
To above pH adjusted extract / preparation, 25 ml of (0.25 M) Zinc Chloride source reagent is added and heated for another 10 minutes till complete development of colour (it should be white) is observed. This is Nano colloidal Zinc solution. This can be employed in room sanitizer / air sanitizer and hand sanitizer and also in developing new liquid hand washes.

Example 7A: Preparation of new colloidal silver solution using soft chemical citric acid
Step A: Preparation of source reagent
Step B: Preparation of New Colloidal Silver Solution* (from above Source Reagent).
Step A: Silver nitrate 42.46 g is weighed and dissolved in distilled / RO water and diluted to 1 litre with distilled / RO water, If needed, solution is warmed at 60°C, cooled and filtered. This is kept as a stock solution in amber bottle. As per need 250 ml or 500 ml of or any other amount of source reagent can be dispensed from the stock solution. This is 0.25 M Silver (AgNO3) solution.
Step B:
1. 300 g of citric acid is dissolved in distilled / RO water and diluted to 1 lt with distilled water. This is 30 % concentration of Citric acid.
2. The above solution is kept for boiling on water bath till bubbling started.
3. pH of the above solution,is adjusted to 8 with sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide (either in powder / pellet or solution form)
4. 30 -35 ml of Silver nitrate solution from step A is added to above pH adjusted solution and allowed to boil for 10-15 minutes.
5. Colloidal nano silver particles are formed.
Figure 12(a): Silver colloidal nanoparticles in powder form using soft chemical as citric acid.
Figure 12(b) Silver colloidal nanoparticles in powder form on 2-micron scale.
Figure 12(c) and Figure 12(d): Graphical and Tabular representation of spectrum data for the percentage of Silver colloidal nanoparticles in powder form using soft chemical as citric acid.
Figure 12 (e) Measurement of silver colloidal nanoparticles formed using soft chemical as citric acid. Size of silver nanoparticles ranges from 18nm -110nm.
Example 7B: Preparation of new colloidal zinc solution using soft chemical citric acid
Step A: Preparation of source reagent
Step B: Preparation of Colloidal Zinc Solution* (from above Source Reagent).
Step A: Zinc chloride 34.07 g is weighed and dissolved in distilled /RO water and diluted to 1 litre with distilled / RO water, If needed, solution is warmed at 60°C, cooled and filtered. This is kept as a stock solution in amber bottle. As per need 250 ml or 500 ml of or any other amount of source reagent can be dispensed from the stock solution. This is 0.25 M Zinc chloride solution.
Step B
1. 200 g of citric acid is dissolved in distilled / RO water and diluted to 1 lt with distilled water. This is a 20 % concentration of Citric acid solution.
2. The above solution is kept for boiling on water bath till bubbling started.
3. pH of the above solution is adjusted to 8 with sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide (either in powder / pellet or solution form)
4. 30 - 35 ml of Zinc Chloride solution from step A is added to above pH adjusted solution and allowed to boil for 10-15 minutes.
5. Colloidal zinc oxide particles are formed.
Figure 11(a): Zinc colloidal nanoparticles in powder form using soft chemical as citric acid.
Figure 11(b) Zinc colloidal nanoparticles in powder form on 2-micron scale.
Figure 11(c) and Figure 11(d): Graphical and Tabular representation of spectrum data for the percentage of Zinc colloidal nanoparticles in powder form using soft chemical as citric acid.

Example 7C: Preparation of new colloidal Titanium solution using soft chemical citric acid
Step A: Preparation of source reagent
Step B: Preparation of Colloidal Titanium Solution* (from above Source Reagent).
Step A: Titanium dioxide 39.933 g is weighed and dissolved in 1 litre RO water, If needed, solution is warmed at 60°C, cooled and filtered. This is kept as a stock solution in amber bottle. As per need 250 ml or 500 ml of or any other amount of source reagent can be dispensed from the stock solution. This is 0. 5 M Titanium dioxide solution.
Step B:
1. 300 g of citric acid is dissolved in distilled / RO water and diluted to 1 lt with distilled / RO water. This is 30 % concentration of Citric acid.
2. The above solution is kept for boiling on water bath till bubbling started.
3. pH of the above solution,is adjusted to 8 with sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide (either in powder / pellet or solution form)
4. 30 -35 ml of Titanium dioxide solution from step A is added to above pH adjusted solution and allowed to boil for 10-15 minutes.
5. Colloidal titanium dioxide particles are formed.
Figure 14(a): Titanium colloidal nanoparticles in powder form using soft chemical as citric acid.
Figure 14(b) Titanium colloidal nanoparticles in powder form on 1-micron scale.
Figure 14(c) and Figure 14(d): Graphical and Tabular representation of spectrum data for the percentage of Titanium colloidal nanoparticles in powder form using soft chemical as citric acid.
Figure 14 (e) Measurement of Titanium colloidal nanoparticles formed using soft chemical as citric acid. Size of Titanium nanoparticles ranges from 46nm -182nm.

Example 8: Room Sanitizer / Air Sanitizer
This is prepared by first preparing a base solution and then mixing base solution with colloidal silver solution and / colloidal zinc solution.
Dilute sodium hypochlorite solution can be used having around or less than 0.5 % of sodium hypochlorite and can be used as a base solution. This base solution further gets diluted during preparation such that final amounts of sodium hypochlorite becomes equal to or less than 0.05 % or 500 ppm.
Ala bleach is used which has 4 % of sodium hypochlorite. This is diluted at least 10 times to make sodium hypochlorite solution having 0.4 % sodium hypochlorite. Alternatively, any other sodium hypochlorite solution can be employed.
Diluted Sodium hypochlorite solution, colloidal silver solution and colloidal zinc solution are mixed in amounts shown in following table 1.
Table 1: Stock solution for Room Sanitizer (to be diluted before use).
Sr. No. Name of solution Range of solution Preferred amount of solution
1 Base solution having 0.4 % sodium hypochlorite 10 - 80 50 ml
2 Colloidal silver solution 0.25M 10 -80 40 ml
3 Colloidal Zinc solution 0.25M 10 -80 60 ml

The 150 ml of above mixed solution is diluted to 200 ml. If any precipitation is observed, solution is filtered. For actual use as a room sanitizer, the above solution of 200 ml is diluted to 5 litres. Thus, sodium hypochlorite 0.4 % in 50 ml is diluted 100 times to provide 0.004 % which is only 40 ppm in the final room / air sanitizer.

Additionally, room freshener can be prepared by adding into composition of room sanitizer suitable fragrances particularly plant based fragrances and other ingredients selected from geraniol, citronellol and terpineol, citral, citronellal, and camphor. Other constituents which can be added include aliphatic aldehydes and also aromatic compounds including phenols such as eugenol. If needed, sodium hypochlorite solution can be removed from the compositions of room freshener.

Example 9: Tunnel Sanitizer
Nano colloidal silver solution and colloidal zinc solution are used to prepare Tunnel sanitizer. Table 2 provides formulation for Tunnel Sanitizer.
Table 2: Tunnel Sanitizer
Sr. No. Name of ingredient / composition Quantity / Volume
1 Nano Colloidal Silver Solution 20 ml 20 ml 40 ml 40 ml
2 Colloidal Zinc oxide solution 60 ml 60 ml 60 ml 60 ml
3 Aloe vera extract 30% extract 20 ml 40 ml 20 ml 40 ml
4 Eucalyptus leaf extract 30% / Rose petal extract 20 ml - 20 ml -
5 Glycerol 20 ml 20 ml 20 ml 20 ml
6 Distilled water to make final volume Q. S. to 5 lts Q. S. to 5 lts Q. S. to 5 lts Q. S. to 5 lts

Process
Measured quantities of all above ingredients / solutions are mixed. Distilled water is added to make up the volume to 5 lts.

Example 10: Hand Sanitizer
Nano colloidal silver solution and colloidal zinc solution are used to prepare Hand sanitizer. Table 3 provides formulation for Hand Sanitizer.
Table 3: Hand Sanitizer
Process
Measured quantities of all above ingredients / solutions are mixed. Distilled / RO water is added to make up the volume to 100 ml.
Sr. No. Name of ingredient / composition Quantity / Volume
Quantity / Volume of ingredient /solution Preferred Range
1 Nano Colloidal Silver Solution 5 ml 5 ml 1 – 20 ml
2 Colloidal Zinc oxide solution 15 ml 15 ml 5 – 35 ml
3 Aloe vera extract 30% extract 40 ml 20 ml 10 – 50 ml
4 Eucalyptus leaf extract 30% / Rose petal extract - 20 ml 0 – 30 ml
5 Glycerol 20 ml 20 ml 5 – 35 ml
6 Distilled water to make final volume Q. S. to 100 ml Q. S. to 100 ml Q. S. to 100 ml

Example 11: Soaking of clothing material using colloidal particles
Different types of clothing material are employed in the study. Various materials such as Non-woven polypropylene cloth, silk cloth etc are employed.
Example 11A: Preparation of mask with embedded nanoparticles
Process
Silver nano colloidal solution, Zinc colloidal solution and Titanium colloidal solutions are taken in three different bath tubs.
Clothing material can be selected from non-woven polypropylene, tightly woven cotton, four layers of silk, muslin, mixtures of fabric like cotton and flannel or cotton and chiffon.
Dip for around 15 minutes – 30 minutes selected fabric or clothing material one in colloidal silver solution tub, second in colloidal zinc solution tub and third in colloidal titanium solution tub.
Soaking time may vary from 10 mins – 2 hrs, preferably from 15 mins to 1 hr for different clothing materials.
Dry the soaked clothing materials in shade.
Masks are made preferably of five layers of clothing wherein the outermost and innermost layer are preferably of clothing alone. First layer is one soaked in Titanium colloidal solution containing Titanium nanoparticles. Second layer is one soaked in Zinc colloidal solution containing Zinc nanoparticles. Third layer is one soaked in Silver colloidal solution containing Silver nanoparticles.
When a mask is prepared using five layers, air will first pass through a clothing layer then through a layer embedded with Titanium, then through a layer embedded with Zinc and then through a layer embedded with Silver. Finally, air will pass through innermost layer before entering in human body.
The innermost and the outermost layers also can be suitably modified as per the requirements.
Further, the clothing layers after soaking in various nano colloidal solutions and drying are subjected to Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) which is a qualitative and semiquantitative technique which provides elemental composition of the sample.
EDXS images are provided under figures 4 – 6. Figures 5(a), 6(a) and 9(a) are respectively EDXS images showing Silver, Zinc and Titanium nanoparticles all shown in red colour embedded in clothing. Figures 5(c), 6(c) and 9(c) provide optical absorption peaks for Zinc, Silver, and Titanium. Silver absorbs at around 3 keV, Zinc absorbs at around 1 keV and Titanium absorbs at around 4.5 keV.
Figures 5(d), 6(d) and 9(d) respectively provide composition and particularly weight % of the element Silver, Zinc and Titanium embedded.
Although EDXS is not a fully quantitative technique, nevertheless it confirmed presence of Silver, Zinc and Titanium in clothing materials.

Example 12: Microbial efficacy testing of Hand Sanitizer prepared in accordance with the present invention.
Hands swabs are taken initially before treatment with the hand sanitizer. The pathogen count for various pathogens including bacteria and fungi are taken which mainly include Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia Coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans The initial count for each pathogen is provided in table 4.
Hands are cleaned with Hand Sanitizer of the present invention and Hand swabs are taken after cleaning hands at the end of 30 seconds, 60 seconds and 90 seconds. Pathogen count for the three pathogens at the end of 30 seconds, 60 seconds and 90 seconds are provided in table 4. It is seen that at least 90 % pathogens are eliminated at the end of 90 seconds in all cases. The success rate viz. elimination of pathogens is at least 95 % in most cases and at least 99 % in few cases.

Table No. 4 Test report 1
Test Report NO: - FHHL/2008/OT/01
Description of Sample: - Hand swab Sample
a] Sample marked as :- Hand swab after application of Sanitizer
b] Packing :- Plastic bottle
c] Preservation :- At RoomTemperature
Test Method Reference: - FHHL/SOP/B/36
Location of performance: - In-house
Discipline :- Biological Testing
Group :-Pollution & Environment
Hand Swab
Sr. No Test Done Result (cfu in swab)
Before count After count
30 Second 60 Second 90 Second Efficiency
At 90 Sec
01. Escherichia coli 2.9 x 106 3.0 x105 2.1 x 105 1.9 x 105 (93.45%)
02. Salmonella 1.1 x 106 5.7 x104 3.5 x 103 1.9 x 103 (99.83%)
03. Staphylococcus aureus 6.9 x 106 5.6 x105 9.9 x 104 1.2 x 104 99.83%)
Note: The solution/ sanitizer has anti-microbial activity and reduces microbial burden.

Table No. 5 Test report 2
Test Report NO: - FHHL/2008/OT/01(NA)
Description of Sample: - Hand swab Sample
a] Sample marked as: - Hand swab after application of Sanitizer
b] Packing: - Plastic bottle
c] Preservation: - At Room Temperature
Hand Swab
Sr. No Test Done Result (cfu in swab)
Before count After count
30 Second 60 Second 90 Second Efficiency
At 90 Sec
01. Klebsiella 1.5 x 106 1.1 x105 6.7 x 104 4.7 x 104 (96.87%)
02. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1.3 x 106 5.7 x104 4.6 x 104 2.7 x 104 (97.92%)
03. Bacillus subtilis 2.3 x 105 2.0 x104 1.2 x 103 2.6 x 102 (99.87%)
04. Aspergillus niger 2.1 x 104 1.3 x103 1.1 x 103 1.0 x 103 (95.23%)
05. Candida albicans 1.4 x 106 1.2 x105 2.1 x 104 1.5 x 104 (98.93%)
Conclusion: The solution/ sanitizer has anti-microbial activity and reduces microbial burden.

Example 13: Microbial efficacy testing of Tunnel Sanitizer prepared in accordance with the present invention.
Two rooms are selected. First room is an enclosed area with no free access whereas second room is a ground floor area with free access and considerable movement of people.
Two locations are selected preferably as two corners of a room are selected. Air plate sampling is done from these locations in each room. The locations are named as A and B. Total viable count, yeast count and Mould counts are taken initially (initial count) and at regular intervals of 1 hr, 2 hrs and 4 hrs after tunnel sanitization / fumigation. The results are provided in table no. 6.

Table No. 6 Test report 3
Test Report NO: - FHHL/2008/OT/02
Description of Sample: - Air plate Sample
Test Method Reference: - FHHL/SOP/B/42
Location of performance: - In-house
Discipline: - Biological Testing
Group: - Pollution & Environment
Air Microbial count
Sr. No Location: Room No 210(1st floor)
Condition of room: Enclosed room; no free access.
TUNNEL SANITIZATION RESULTS (CFU)
Total viable count Yeast Mould
A B A B A B
01. Before fumigation
(11:00AM to 12:00PM) 88 81 04 05 04 05
02. After fumigation
(12:15PM to 01:15PM)
1hrs 31 29 Absent Absent Absent Absent
03.. After fumigation
(01:15PM to 02:15PM)
2hrs 39 35 Absent Absent Absent Absent
04. After fumigation
(03:15PM to 04:15PM)
4hrs 44 42 01 02 01 02
Sr. No. Location: Room No 100.
Condition of room: Ground floor open area, no access restriction hence considerable movement of people.

TUNNEL SANITIZATION RESULTS (CFU)
Total viable count Yeast Mould
A B A B A B
05. Before fumigation
(11:00AM to 12:00PM) 145 108 05 03 05 04
06. After fumigation
(12:15PM to 01:15PM)
1hrs 56 52 Absent Absent Absent Absent
07. After fumigation
(01:15PM to 02:15PM)
2hrs 71 66 Absent Absent 01 Absent
08. After fumigation
(03:15PM to 04:15PM)
4hrs 85 79 01 Absent 02 01
Conclusion: After fumigation, counts of bacteria, Yeast / Mould have been reduced hence it shows that solution / sanitizer has antimicrobial activity.

,CLAIMS:Claims
We claim
1. A nano-formulation product comprising nanoparticles selected from one or more of silver, zinc and titanium prepared by first making colloidal nanomaterial using at least one of the plant resource or soft chemical.
2. The nano-formulation product as claimed in claim 1 is selected from the group consisting of face mask, sanitary napkin, sanitizer, hand wash, liquid soap, room freshener, PPE kit, curtain, bed sheet, and surgical apparel.
3. The sanitizer as claimed in claim 2 wherein the sanitizer is selected from a hand sanitizer, a tunnel sanitizer and a room / air sanitizer.
4. The plant resource as claimed in claim 1 is selected from leaf, juice or extract of a plant.
5. The plant resource as claimed in claim 1 is selected from Phyllanthus, Eucalyptus, Annona, Moringa, Rose, Sandal, mint, lemon and cycas and Aloe vera.
6. The soft chemical as claimed in claim 1 is selected from citric acid, tartaric acid and stearic acid.
7. The hand sanitizer as claimed in claim 3 comprising from 1 – 55 % of one or more colloidal nanomaterial, 10 – 50 % of one or more plant extract and 5 – 35 % glycerol.
8. The tunnel sanitizer as claimed in claim 3 comprising from 0.1 – 20 % of one or more colloidal nanomaterial, 0.1 – 20 % of one or more plant extract and 0.1 – 10 % glycerol and at least 50 % of water.
9. The room sanitizer as claimed in claim 3 comprising from 0.1 – 20 % of one or more colloidal nanomaterial, from 0.1 to 10 % of dilute solution of a disinfectant wherein the said disinfectant is not more than 500 ppm, and at least 75 % of water.
10. The face mask as claimed in claim 2 having from 3 – 5 layers wherein the face mask is prepared by treating at least one layer with one or more colloidal nanomaterial selected from silver, zinc and titanium.
11. The PPE kit as claimed in claim 2 prepared by treating with one or more colloidal nanomaterial selected from silver, zinc and titanium.
12. A process of preparing a nano-formulation product comprising nanoparticles of one or more of silver, zinc and titanium wherein the said process comprises preparing colloidal nanomaterial selected from one or more of silver, zinc and titanium using at least one of the plant resource or soft chemical.
13. The process as claimed in claim 12 wherein the plant resource is selected from leaf, juice or extract of a plant.
14. The process as claimed in claim 12 wherein the plant resource is selected from Phyllanthus, Eucalyptus, Annona, Moringa, Rose, Sandal, Hill Glory Bower (Clerodendrum infortunatum), Cycas, Lemon, Mint and Aloe vera.
15. The process as claimed in claim 12 wherein the soft chemical is selected from citric acid, tartaric acid and stearic acid.
16. The process of preparing a nano-formulation product as claimed in claim 12 wherein the said process comprises
i) preparing colloidal nanomaterial selected from silver, zinc and titanium using at least one of the plant resource or soft chemical;
ii) treating material with colloidal nanomaterial of step i;
wherein the material treated is cloth for preparing clothing / clothing wherein the clothing is selected from face mask, PPE kit, curtains, bed sheets, and surgical apparels.

17. The process of preparing a nano-formulation product as claimed in claim 12 wherein the said process comprises

i) preparing colloidal nanomaterial selected from silver, zinc and titanium using at least one of the plant resource or soft chemical;
ii) adding colloidal nanomaterial of step i to one or more of a a) disinfectant solution; b) one or more plant extract or c) glycerol
and mixing to produce the nano-formulation product wherein the nano-formulation product is selected from the group consisting of hand sanitizer, room sanitizer, tunnel sanitizer, hand wash, room freshener.
18. The process of preparing a nano-formulation product as claimed in claim 16 or 17 wherein the plant resource is selected from leaf or juice or extract of a plant selected from Phyllanthus, Eucalyptus, Annona, Moringa, Rose, Sandal, Hill Glory Bower (Clerodendrum infortunatum), Cycas, Lemon, Mint and Aloe vera; and the soft chemical is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, tartaric acid and stearic acid.

__________________________________
Ms. Kharkar Pallavi Shashikant
Patent Agent Registration No.: IN/PA-1138
(Agent for Applicant)