HUMANIZED ANTI-INTERLEUKIN 3 RECEI'TOR ALPHA CHAIN
ANTIBODIES
RELATED APPLlCATlON DATA
Tllc prcscnt application claims prio~ityk o ~ nU S Patent Applicatioll No.
611374,489 c~ltitled "Humanized Anti-lntcrleukin 3 Receptor Alpha Clvairl
Antibodies" filed on 17 August 2010 and from Inte~~iationdPla tent Application
No: PCTlAU2011/000155 entitled "Con~positioos and Methods for Targeting
'Type 1 Interfero~Pl roducing Cells". The cntire conte~ltso f tllesc applications alc
llereby incorporated by reference.
rn
Thc present disclosure relates to allti-interleukin 3 receptor alpha c l ~ a i ~ l
antibodies and uscs thereof.
BACKGROUND
The functional interleukin 3 receptor is a heterodimer that coniprises a
specific alpha chain (JL-3Ra; CD123) and a "co~nmon" LL-3 receptor beta chain
(PC; CD13 1) that is shared with the receptors for granulocyte macrophage color~y
stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 5 (1L-5).
IL-3Ra is a type I transmembra~le protein with a deduced Molecular Wcigllt
of about 4lkDa conraining all extraccllolar dotnain involved in IL-3 binding, a
transmctnbrt~~dlco ~ n aain~d~ a short cytoplasmic tail of t~bout5 0 nmino acids. 'Thc
cxtraccllular domain is composed of two regions: an N-terminal regio~o~f about
100 amino acids, tllc scqucncc of which cxhibits similarity to equivalent regions
of the GM-CSF and IL-5 rcccptor alpha-chains; and a rcgion pmxirnal to tllc
tra~is~ncmbrandco main tllat contains four co~lscrvcd cystci~ic rcsiducs and a
WSXWS motif, coii~rl~too~ olt llcr mcmbcrs oftllis cytoki~lcre ccptor family.
The IL-3 binding domaio comprises about 200 amino acid rcsidue cytoltinc
rcccptor motifs (CRMs) madc up of two Ig-likc foldi~lgd omains. Thc extraccllular
dotnail1 of IL-3Ka is Iligllly glycosylatcd, wit11 N-glycosylation ncccssary for boll1
ligand binding a11d rcccptor signaling.
IL-3Ra is cxprcsscd widcly tliroi~glloutt llc hematopoictic systc~lli ncluding
liernatol)oictic progct~itors, mast cells, crythroid cclls, mcgakaryocytcs, basol~hils,
cosinophils, ~nonocyteslrnacrophngcs, ncutropllils and CD5' U-lymphocytes.
Non-hcmatopoictic cclls such as plas~l~acytoiddc ndritic cells (pIlCs), 12cydigc clls,
cndothelial cells and stromal cells also cxprcss IL-3Ra.
1L-3Ra is also exprcsscd by cclls it~volvcd in ccrlain discasc states including
myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloid Icokernia (for example, acute inyeloge~~ous
lcuke~nia (AML)), tnalignanl lymphoprolifcrativc disorders such as Iympl~oma,
allergies and autoimmu~le disease, such as lupus, Sjogren's syndrome or
sclcradcma. Accortlingly, anti-1L-3Ra antibodies arc desirable for therapeutic
applications
SUMMARY
Tllc present disclosure is based on tlic i~~vcntorp'rso duction of a hurnanizcd
antibody that binds spccifically to IL-3Ra. Following I~umanizdtioti, tlic iavcntor
found that the afiinity of the antibody for IL-3Ra was reduced. Accordingly, tllc
inve~ltopr erfornied affinity maturation to improvc the affinity of thc antibody for
I - a . Unpredictably, tlie affinity matured antibody included mutations in the
framework regions (FRs) of tlie heavy chain variable region (VII) and ligllt clrdin
variable region (VI.), as well as in CDRI of tlie light chain.
The inventor also produced folms of this antibody cdpablc of inducing
cnh.dllccd lcvels of effectov function.
Thc invc~itor also found that a particular modification to induce enhanced
effector ft~~lctiorrcl sultcd in an additio~vdl desirable property in that following
adininistratio~l of thc inodificd alltibody to a mammal the number of NK cclls in
tlic mammal were initially rcduccd, howcve~th~e n expanded to levels greatcr than
prior to administration. The inventor has also show11 that thcrc is a correlation
between the ~lurnbeor f NK cells and lysis of targct cells, c.g., leukc~niac ells.
The present disclosure is broadly directed to an immunoglobulin bilsed on a
musine antibody capable of specifically binding to an 1L-3Ra chain.
In one cxample, the present disclosure provides an isolatcd or recombinant
in~~nui~oglobutlhinat spccifically binds to an 1L-3Rtx chain a~ldc oinprises
complcmcntarity dctcrmining rcgions (CURS) of a V1, comprising a scqucncc sct
fo~llin SEQ ID NO: 8 and CDRs of a VIIs et for111 it1 SEQ ID NO: 9.
Thc prcsent disclosurc additio~vdlly or alternatively provides an isolatcd or
recombinant antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, the antibody or antigen
binding fiagmcnt capablc of spccifically birldi~lgt o 1L-311a clrditl and comprising
CDRs ofa V~,coniprisitiga sequelice set fo~tliln SEQ ID NO: 8 and CDRs oTa
Vrr sct fort11 in SEQ Ill NO: 9.
Tlic prcscnt disclosurc additio~vdlly or allelrlatively provides an isolatcd or
rcco~nbinatlt liumanizcd antibody or antigcn binding fragment tlicrcof, tllc
antibody or antigcn bindi~lgf ~dgtncntc al~ablco f spccifically binding to IL-3Ra
chain and comprising CDRs of a VI, comprising a scquence sct forlli in SriQ ID
NO: X and CDRs ofa VII set fo1.111 in SEQ ID NO: 9.
In onc cxa~nple.t he prcscnt disclosorc providcs an isolnted or recombinant
i~nmunoglobulint hat spccifically binds to an 11.-311a chain and compsises amino
acid sequcnces according to SEQ ID Nos: 2-7, respectively.
The present disclosure additionally or alternatively provides an isolated or
recombinant antibody or antigen binding fi.agment thereof, the antibody or a~itigcn
binding fragment capable of specifically binding to 1L-3Ra chain and comprising
amino acid sequcnces according to SEQ ID NOS: 2-7.
The prcsent disclosure additionally or alternatively yrovidcs an isolated or
rcco~i~bi~hiau~m~a~t iizcd antibody or atitigcn binding fiagmcnt tlicrcof, tlic
antibody or antigc11 binding fragment calsable of specifically binding to IL-3Ra
chain and cornp~isinga mino acid sequcnccs according to SEQ ID NOS: 2-7.
For cxample, tlic inimunoglobuli~o~r antibody comprises:
(i) a liglit cliai~vi ariablc rcgioa (V1.J comprising CDRs 1, 2 and 3 as sct fo~thin
SEQ ID NOS: 2,3 and 4, respectively; and
(ii) a lleav)~c hain variable region (VII)c omprising CDRs 1, 2 and 3 as set forth
in SEQ ID NOS: 5,6 and 7, respectively.
For cxample, tlie immunoglobulin or antibody comprises:
(i) a VIc~o mprising:
a) a CDRI co~nprisi~a ~scgq i~cnccs ct forth it1 SEQ ID NO: 2 (or encoded
by a sequencc sct forth in SEQ ID NO: 14);
b) a CUR2 comprising a sequence set fort11 in SEQ ID NO: 3(or encoded
by a scqucncc set forlh in SEQ ID NO: 15); and
c) a CDR3 cotnprisi~iga sequence set foitli in SEQ ID NO: 4 (or encoded
by a scqucncc set forth in SEQ ID NO: 16); and
(ii) a VII comprising:
d) a CDRl comprising a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 (or cncodcd
by a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17);
e) a CDR2 comprising a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6 (or c~~coded
by a sequcnce sct forth in SEQ ID NO: 18); and
i) a CDR3 comprising a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 (or cncoded
by a scqucncc sct fort11 in SEQ ID NO: 19).
The preselit disclosurc additionally or altclndtivcly pro\~ides an isolatcd or
rccombinaot l~unia~~izacndt ibody or a~itige~bii llding fragment thcrcof, tlic
antibody or antigcn'binding fragmcnt capablc of specifically binding to 1L-3Ra
cl~aia~nid comprisi~iga VI, comprising ail a~ninoa cid scqucncc accordi~igto SEQ
ID NO: 8 (or cncoded by a scquc~iccs cr fort11 in SEQ ID NO: 20) and/or a VII
comprisi~iga n amino acid scquc~icca ccording to SEQ ID NO: 9 (or cncoded by a
scqueticc sct forth in SEQ 1U NO: 2 1).
'l'hc prcsc~~dits closurc additionally or altcmativcly provides an isolatcd or
recombinant humanized alltibody or antigcn bindi~ig fragmcnt tlicrcof, tl~c
antibody or antigcn bintliag fragmcnt capablc of s~~ecificallbyin ding to IL-3Ra
chain and coniprisi~ig a VI. comprising an amino acid scquencc according to SEQ
ID NO: 8 (or cncodcd by a scquelicc set fort11 io SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VII
comprising an amino acid scqucncc accordi~igto SEQ 111 NO: 9 (or encoded by a
sequencc set forth in SEQ ID NO: 21).
Exemplary aritigcrl biriditig fragments conteniplatcd by tlie present
disclosule includc:
(i) a domain alltibody (dAb);
(ii) a Fv;
(iii) a scFv or stabilized fonn tlicrcof (c.g., a disulfidc stabilized scFv);
(iv) a dimcric scFv or stabilized form thcrcof;
(v) a diabody, triabody, tctrabody or higlicr ordcr multimer;
(vi) Fab fmgnicnt;
(vii) a Fab' fragment;
(viii) a F(ab3) f~agtncnt;
(ix) a F(ab')z tkagment;
(x) ally one of (i)-(ix) fuscd to a Fc rcgion of an antibody;
(xi) any one of (i)-(ix) fused to an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof
that binds to an immut~ee ffector cell.
In onc example, tlie immunoglobulin or antibody depletes or at least partly
eliminates cells to which it binds, e.g., leukemic cclls andlor basopliils andlor
pDCs.
As will be apparent to thc skilled artisan from the disclosurc herein,
cxcmplary immunoglobulins or antibodics arc capable of depleting or at least
partly eliminating cells to wliich it binds without being conjugated to a toxic
con~pound.
In one examplc, tlic immunoglobulin or antibody is capable of inducing an
effector functioti, c.g., an cffector fu~~ctitohat~t ~ s u l tisn killing a cell to which thc
i~nrnunoglobulino r antibody binds. Exempla~yc ffector functions include ADCC,
antibody-depende~~t cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP) an(Uor
complcmcnt-dcpc~idc~ciyt totoxicity (CDC).
In one example, the immonoglobulin or antibody is cal~able of inducing
ADCC.
In one cxamplc, tlie im~iiunoglobulino r antibody conipriscs an antibody Fc
region capable of inducing an cffcctor function. For example, the efkctor
function is Fc-mediated cffector function. In onc example, tlie Fc region is an
lgG l Fc rcgio~o~r a n lgG3 Fc rcgiot~o r a hybrid lgGlllgG2 Fc region.
In one example, tlie i1i1111unoglobulil1111oglobuoli1ri antibody is capable of inducing a
similar (e.g., not sig~~ifica~d~ilt'flcyrc nt or within about 10%) or tl~csa me Icvcl of
effcctor fu~~ctioasn a wild-type human 1gG1 andlor human lgG3 Fc legion.
In onc cxaml~lct,h e inimunoglobuli~io r antibody is capablc of indi~ciiiga 11
enhanced lcvcl of cffector fuoction.
In one example, tlie level of cffcctor funoglobulil111otio11 induced by tlic
immunoglobulin or antibody is enhanced rclative to that of tl~cim munoglobulin or
alltibody when it co~npriscsa wild-typc lgGl Fc rcgion.
In one exa~iiplct he immuooglobulin or a~~tiboilyis afucosylated or
comprises a Fc rcgion that is afucosylatcd.
III another example, tlic i~nmunoglobulin or antibody has a lower level of
fucosylation compared to an immunoglobulin or antibody produced by a human or
a CHO cell that has not been altered to reduce tl~ele vel offi~cosylaliono f proteins.
hi accordance with this example, a lower level of fucosylation will be understood
to mean that in a composition comprising the im~nu~ioglobulionr antibody the
pcrccntagc of fucosylatcd immunoglobulins (c.g., glycosyl groups attachcd to
As11297 of an antibody cornprisi~lgf ucose) is lower than l~roducedb y a human or a
C1-10 cell that llas not been altercd to rcduce thc lcvcl of fucosylation ofprotcins.
For example, the immu11oglobulin or antibody is an afucosylatcd
humanized antibody co~nl~risitalg V I. conlprising a scquc~~csect forth it1 SEQ ID
NO: 8 (or encoded by a sequence set fort11 in SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VII
comprising a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 (or encoded by a scquc~lccs ct
fort11 io SEQ ID NO: 21). For example, the immunoglobulin or antibody is an
afucosylatcd Ilumanized antibody comprising a light chain comprising a sequencc
set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13 (or cncodcd by a syucncc set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23)
and a hcavy chain co1ilprisil1g a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10 (or encoded
by a scqucnce sct forth in SEQ ID NO: 22).
In one example, the i~~~mu~~ogloobr uanlitinb ody is a humatlizcd antibody
comprisi~lg a light chai11 cotnprising a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13 (or
encoded by a syucnce sct forth in SEQ ID 30: 23) and a licavy chain comprisi~ig
a sequcncc set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10 (or e~~codebdy a seqoence sct forth in SEQ
ID NO: 22) expressed by a u~ammdlia~cle ll (e.g., a CHO ccll) Ihal does not
cxprcss detectable lcvels of (or cxprcsses rcduccd lcvcls ol)
a-1,6-fucosyltransferasc (FUT8).
111 one example, the immunoglobulin or antibody comprises all Fc region
conlprisi~lg o~lc or morc amino acid seclucncc substitutions that cnhancc thc
cficctor function induccd by tllc immunoglobulin. For examplc, tl~co ne or inore
a~ninoa cid scquc~~csucb stitutiolls iilcrcasc thc affinity of thc Fc rcgiotl for a Fcy
reccptor (FcyR) coniparcd to tl Fc rcgion not comprising the s~~bstitutions. For
cxample, thc onc or more atnillo acid si~bstitutionsc nhance incrcasc tl~caf finity of
thc Fc region for a FcyR selected from the group consisting of FcyRI, FcyRlla,
FcyRlIc ;ind FcyRIEa compared to a Fc region not comprising tllc substitutions.
In one examplc, thc ~ I I Co r lnorc arnino ;icid sequence substitutio~~arse :
(i) S239DDA, 330L and 1332E accot.di11g to tllc EU nu~nbcringsy stcm of Kdbat;
or
(ii) S239D and 1332E according to tllc EU numbering systcm of Kabat.
For CXRI~IPIC, thc i m n ~ ~ ~ ~ o g loor ban~ti~boldiy~ i~s a hutnmizcd mtibody
cornprisieg a VL cotnprisit~git S ~ U C I I C Csc t fort11 ill SEQ ID NO: 8 (or c~lcodedb y
a scquolcc set forth in SEQ ID NO: 20) and a VII comp~.isiog a sequence set fort11
in SEQ ID NO: 9 (or c~lcodcdb y a scquence set Corl11 in SEQ ll) NO: 21), wllcrein
thc aotiboily cotr~prisesa Fc regio~ti~u tnprisi~lgo nc or nlorc amino acid scquc~~cc
substitutio~lss clcctcd from the group cot~sistillgo f:
(i) S239D, A330L and I332E according to the EU numbering systcm of Kabat;
and
(ii) S239D and 1332E according to the EU numberirrg system of Kabal.
In onc example, the Fc rcgio11 compriscs a sequence set forth between
residues 234-450 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (comprising the S239D and I332E
s~~bstitutioancsc ording to thc EU nuinbcring systcm of Kabat).
111 one cxainple, the Fc regioo comprises a sequence set furth betweeit
rcsidues 234-450 of SEQ TD NO: 12 (comprising the S239D, A330L and 1332E
substitutions according to lllc EU numbering system of Kabat).
5 111 onc cxamplc, thc immunoglobulin or antibody is sclcctcd from thc group
consisting of:
(i) an antibody comprising a light chain co~np~isina gsc quence set fo~lhin SEQ
ID NO: 13 and a heavy chaitl comprising a sequence set f o ~ i~n hS EQ ID NO: 1 1;
(ii) an antibody comprising a comprising a light chain comprising a sequcncc
10 sct foiih in SEQ ID NO: 13 and a heavy chain comprising a sequence set forth in
SEQ ID NO: 12.
As discusscd herein abovc, thc i~lventor has determined that following
administration of an antibody described herein, the number of NK cells in
ciizulation in a mammal are initially reduccd aud then illcreased co~nparcd to the
15 number of NK cells in circulation in the ma~nmal piior to administration. The
iovcntor has also shown that increasing the number of NK cells relativc to target
cells results in increased efficacy, is., a greater number of targct cclls arc killcd.
This effect is induced by an antibody comprising a constant rcgion or Fc rcgion
comprising amino acid substitutions S239D and 1332E according to the EU
20 nutnbering systeni of Kabat.
Thns, in onc cxamplc, thc present disclosure provides an isolated or
recoinbina~~ant tibody, which is capable ol spccifi~allyb inding Lo IL-3Ra clvaii~
and comprising:
(i) a ligl~ct hill variable rcgion (Vl,) colnprising CDRs 1, 2 and 3 as set forth in
25 SEQ ID NOS: 2, 3 and 4, respectively;
(ii) a hcavy chain variahlc region (VII) comprising CDRq 1, 2 and 3 as set forth
in SEQ ID NOS: 5,6 and 7, rcspcctivcly; and
(iii) a hcavy chain constant region cotnprisiilg ainiuo acid substitutions S239D
and 1332E according to the EU numbering sysicrn of Kabat.
30 I11 onc exainl)lc, thc prcscnt disclosure provides an isolated or recombina~li
Immanizcd antibody, thc antibody capablc of specifically binding to 11,-3Ra chaitl
and cotnprising:
(i) a Vr. comprising:
a) a CDRI comprisitlg a scquc~~sccct forth in SEQ 11) NO: Z (01.e ncoded
35 by a sequcnce sct forth in SDQ ID NO: 14);
b) a CDK2 comprising a scqucncc sct fort11 in SEQ ID NO: 3(01. cncodcd
by a sequencc set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15); and
c) a CDR3 comprising a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4 (or cncoded
by a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 16);
40 (ii) a VH comprising:
d) a CDR 1 comprising a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 (or encoded
by a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17);
C) a CDR2 cotnprising a scqucncc sct forth in SEQ ID NO: 6 (or c~~codcd
by a scquence set forth in SEQ TD NO: 18); a ~ ~ d
f ) a CDR3 comprisilig a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 (or encodcd
by a acqucnce set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19); and
(iii) a hcavy clrain co11sta11t rcgion con~prising amino acid substitutions S239D
and 1332E according to the EU numbcriag system of Kabat.
In onc example, the heavy chain co~lstar~eg~ito n is a hybrid of a hurnan lgG1
and a human IgG2 constant regions.
In o11e cxamplc, thc constant rcgion comprises a scc~ucnccs ct fortli between
residues 121-450 (inclusive) of SEQ ID NO: 11.
The present disclosurc additio~lallyo r alternatively providcs an isolated or
recombinant humanizcd antibody, the antibody capablc of spccifically binding to
IL-3Ra chain and cotnptising:
(i) a VI. comprisi~~agn a~ninoa cid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 8 (or
encoded by a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 20) aildior a VI* co~nprisi~la1g1
amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 9 (or encoded by a sequeticc set
forth in SEQ ID NO: 2 1); and
(ii) a hcavy chain constant region comprising amino acid substitutions S239D
and 1332E accordi~lgto the EU numbering system of Kabat.
111 o~ice xample, the heavy cl~aic~oln stant region is a hybrid of a human IgG 1
and a human lgG2 constant rcgions.
111 onc exa~nplcL, lic c u ~ ~ s lrdc~g~iut~ c~or ll]~riscsa sequcncc set l'orll~b etween
rcsiducs 121.450 (i~lclusivc)o f SEQ ID NO: 1l
The present disclosurc additio~lallyo r altcr~iativclyp rovidcs an isolatcd or
rccornbinant huma~iizcd antibody, the antibody capable of spccifically binding to
IL-3Ra chain atid comprising a VI. comprising at1 amino acid scqucncc according
to SEQ ID NO: 8 (or cncodcd by a scqucncc set forth in SEQ ID NO: 201, a VII
comprising an amino acid scqucncc according to SEQ ID NO: 9 (or c~icodcd by a
scquence set forth ill SEQ ID NO: 21) ant1 a l~cavy cliain cotistiant rcgion
comprising a ~ l i i ~a~ciod substitutions S239D and I332E accordi~lgt o the EU
numbering systcrn of Kabat.
III o~lcx amplc, the hcavy chaitl constant region is a hybrid of a human lgG1
and a Iiu~nunlg G2 constant regions.
111 one example, thc constant region conipriscs a scqucncc sct forth between
rcsiducs 121-450 (i~lclusive)o f SDQ ID NO: I1
111 one cxamplc, the prcscnt disclosurc providcs an isolatcd or rccornbinant
humanized antibody, the antibody capable of specifically binding to IL-3Ra chain
and comprising a light chait~c omprisir~ga sequencc set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13
and a hcavy cliain comprising a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: I I .
la onc examplc, an immn~~noglobulionr antibody or a~itigcb~iln ding Gagment
thereof of the presellt disclosure iieutralizes 1L-3 signaling.
111 one example, an imn~unoglobulino r antibody of the present disclosure is
a nakcd im~nu~loglobulioilr an alltibody or antigcn bitiding fragmcnt thcrcof of the
prcsc~ldt isclosure is a i~alieda ntibody or antigel1 binding fragment thcreof
In onc cxample, an imn~u~loglobulionr alltibody of tlic present tlisclosure
is a full length antibody.
In onc cxamplc, an im~nutioglob~~olri ~ani tibody of the prcscnt disclosurc
binds to IL-311a cl~ainw ith at1 equilibrium dissociatiot~c onstaut (Ko) of 1 x 1 0 ~ ~ ~
or Icss, such as 5 x 1 0 .o~r ~Ics s, for cxamplc, 3 x 1 0 . ' ~o r Icss, such as 2 . 5 ~ 1 0 ~ ~
or less.
In one cxample, an immunoglobulin or antibody of the prcsent disclosure
binds to 1L-3Ra chain with a KI, of about 2 . 2 ~ 1 0 ~or' l~es s. In one cxample, the
KI, is bctween about 1 x 1 0 ~ 'a~nd about 2.5x10~'~f,o r examplc is about
2 . 2 ~ 1 0 " ~ .
In one cxample, an immu~ioglobulin or antibody of thc prcsent disclosure
binds to IL-3Ra chain with a KD of about 9 x 1 0 . ' ~o~r l ess, for cxample, about
8x10."'~o r less. 111o ne example, the K,, is between about 5 x 1 0 ~an' d~ a~bo ut
9 x 1 0 . ' ~f~or, e xample is about 7 . 8 ~ 1 0 ~ ' ~ ~ .
The disclosure also includes fsagrncnts, variants and derivatives of the
itnmunoglobuli~o~r antibody of the disclosurc.
I11 one example, an im~nu~loglobuloi~r ia lltibody of the present disclosure is
capablc of rcducing the nunibcr ofNK cclls whcn administered to a ti~a~iiri(~c.agl. ,
a non-human primate, snch as a cynomolyls monkey). For example, the
irnmu~~oglobuloinr antibody is capablc of rcducing tllc nurnbcr of NK cells whco
adtiii~iistcrctlt o tlic liiat~nni~byl $11 ]cast about 20%, such as at l a s t about 30% or
40% within 12 liours or 10 horns or 8 hours of administration. For cxamplc, tllc
immunoglobulin or anti1)ody is capable of reducing tbc numbcr of NK cclis when
adn~inistcrcd to ll~c mammal by at least about 50% within 6 hours of
administration. In ouc cxamplc, thc i~nmunoglobulin or alltibody is capablc of
reducing tlic tlumbcr of NK cells when administered at a dosc of betwceli
0.0001mg/kg and SOmglkg, ssucl~ as between about 0.0005rngikg and about
40mg/kg, for cxamplc, bctween about 0.001mg/kg and about 301ng/kg, such as
about 0.0051ngikg and about 20mg/kg, such as about 0.0lmdkg and about
IOmg/kg. For cxamplc, thc i~n~nunoglobulionr alltibody is capablc of reducing
tlrc numbcr of NK cclls wl1e11 administered to the mammnl by at least about 50%
within 6 hours of administration whcn adtninisterect at a dose of about O.OImg/kg
or O.lmg/kg or lmglkg or lOmg/kg. In one example, thc dosc is about
0.01 mg/kg or 0. Imgikg.
In one examplc, thc nurnbcr of NK cells in the mammal is increased about 7
or8or9or10or11or12or13or14or15orI6or17or18or19or20or22or
29 or 57 days after administeri~igth e immu~ioglobulio~rl antibody coml~aredto the
number of NK cclls in the mammal prior to admi~iistrationo f the immunoglobulin
or antibody. For cxatnple, the tmmnbcr of NK cells is increased at least about 8 or
1 1 or 17 or 22 or 29 days after administration. For example, the number of NK
cclls in tllc mani~iiali s i~icrcascdb y about 10% or 20% or 30% or 50% or 60% or
70% or 80% compared to the uumber of NK cells in tlie mammal prior. to
administration of tlie inimu~~oglobuloinr antibody. For example, the number of
NK cclls in thc mammal is increased by about 20% at least 8 days after
admi~listratioo~fi thc antibody or i~n~iiunoglobulait~ ai dose bctwcc~i0 .0011ngikg
and O.lmg/kg compared to the ~iumbcr of NK cells in tllc ~iiai?ltlial prior lo
administratio11 of the immunoglobulin or antibody. For example, the ~iu~i~obfe r
NK cells in the mammal is incrcaed by about 50% at lcast l I , 17, 22 or 29 days
after administration of the alltibody or immunoglobulin at a dose between
0.001mgikg and O.lmg/kg compared to the number of NK cells in tlle mammal
prior to administration of the imlnulloglobulin or a~itibody. In oue example, the
antibody or immunoglobulin is administered at a dose of between O.Olmg/kg and
0.lmdkg. For example, the itn~i?unoglobulino r antibody is adnii~lislercda t a
dose of O.Olmg/kg or O.lmg/kg.
Based on the disclosurc herein, it will bc apparent to the skilled artisan that
the pleseut disclosure providcs an immunoglobulin or antibody that, wlle~i
administered to a mammal, causcs an increase in the number of NK cells in the
mammal. For example, the immunoglobulin or antibody, whco administered to a
mammal, causes a reduction in the number of NK cells in the mammal followed
by an incrcase in the number of NK cells. 111 one example, the number of NK
cells is incrcascd or reduced comparcd to the number of NK cells in the rnammal
prior to adtninistration ol'thc immunoglobulin or antibody.
I11 one cxamplc, thc immu~ioglobulin or antibody is capablc of rcducing thc
number of NK cells in the mammal by at lcast about 50% within 6 hours of
adminisfration when administered at a dosc of about 0.0lmg/kg or O.lmg/kg and
the number of NK cells in the mammal is increased by about 20% at lcast X days
aflcr administration of thc antibody or immunoglobulio at a dosc bclwcct~
0.001m~kgan d O.lnig/kg compared to tlie numbcr of NK cclls in thc ma~liilral
prior to adtninistration of the in?munoglobulin or antibody.
111 one cxamplc, the disclosure provides a pl~armaccutical compositio~i
comprising an imm~moglobulin or antibody accordirlg to tlic present disclosurc
and a pl~ar~iiaccuticallayc ccptablc carricr, diluc~tot r cxcipictit.
The preseot disclosure also provides all isolated nuclcic acid cncoding an
immunoglobulin or alltibody of the present tlisclosure.
ExempLary sequences of nucleic acids arc discussed in thc co~~tcxotf
c~~codiuangt ibodies or immt~oogloboli~o~f st he disclosure and arc to bc tahe~Lo~
apply nzurtrtis nzutcmdis to the prcsc~lt cxamplc of the disclosurc.
The present disclosurc also providcs a nuclcic acid capablc of hybridizing to
a nuclcic acid of thc disclosurc under high stringci~cyh ybridization conditions.
The disclosure also includes kagments, llornologs atid derivatives of an
isolated 11ucleic acid of the disclosore.
The present disclosure also provides a genetic construct comprising an
isolatcd ~iuclcic acid of thc disclosurc and onc or morc additior~al nuclcotitlc
sequences, such as a promoter operably linked to the nuclcic acid.
In one example, the gcnctic construct is an expression construct comprisi~~g
ail expressio~v~a lor and an isolated nucleic acid of thc disclosurc, wherein said
isolatcd nuclcic acid is opcrably liiikcd to onc or niorc rcgulato~yn uclcic acids in
said expressio~vi ector.
In one examplc, the genetic construct of the disclosure cotnprises a ~iuclcic
acid encoding a polpcptidcs (e.g., comprising a VII) operably linked to a
promoter and a nucleic acid encoding ar~othcrp olypeptidc (e.g., comprisi~iga V1j
operably litlked to a promotcr.
111 another example, the getictic colistruct is a bicistronic genetic constluct,
e.g., comprising the following opcrably linked components in 5' to 3' order:
(i) a promoter
(ii) a t~ucleica cid encodi~iga first polypeptidc;
(iii) an internal ribosonie entiy site; and
(iv) a ~luclcica cid encoding a sccond polypeptidc.
For examplc, tlic first polypeptide comprises a VII and the second
polypeptidc compriscs a VI., or the first polypeptide comprises a VL and thc
second polypeptide compriscs a VH.
Tlic prcscnt disclosurc also contemplates separate gcnetic constructs onc of
which cncodcs a first polypcptide (e.g., comprising a Vrr) and another of whicli
cncadcs a sccond poly1)el)lid~(c .g., conrprising a VI). FUI-e xan~ple,t he prcsent
disclosurc also providcs a cornpositio~ci ompvising:
(i) a first expression constmct comprising a nuclcic acid cncoding a
polypeptidc (c.g., comprising a Vli) operably li~iltedt o a promotcr; and
(ii) a seco~id expression construct comprising a nuclcic acid encoding a
polypcptidc (c.g., comprising a Vl.) opcrably litlkcd to a prornotcr.
The disclosure also providcs a host ccll co~nprising a gctictic construct
i~ccordingto thc prcsent disclosure.
111 one example, the prcsent disclosurc provides an isolatcd cell cxprcssing
an immunoglobulin or antibody or antigcn binding fragtncnt of tlic disclosurc or a
rcconibinant ccll gcnctically-modificd to cxprcss tlic itnmunoglobulin, antibody or
antigcn binding fingincnt.
In one example, the ccll compriscs thc gcnctic cotistruct of thc disclosnre 01.:
(i) a first gcnctic construct comprising a ~~ucleaici d encoding a polypcptidc
(c.g., comprisi~~a gV H) opcrt~blyli nkcd to a prornotcr; and
(ii) a. second genetic constnlct co~nprising$ 1n ucleic acid encoding a polypeptide
(c.g., comprising a VI,) operably linked to a promoter,
whereit1 the first and second polypeptides form an immunoglobulin, antibody or
antigcn binding fragmcat of the prcscnt disclosure.
The genetic co~istmctc an be integrated into the cell or remain cpisomal.
Exa~nplcs of cclls of thc prcscnt disclosurc i~icludc bacterial cclls, yeast
cells, insect cclls or mannlialian cclls.
The present disclosure additio~~allpyr ovides a method for producing an
immunoglobulin, antibody or a~ltigcll binding fragment of the disclosure, thc
mcthod comprising maintaining thc gc~~ctciocn struct(s) of thc disclosurc under
conditions sufficient for thc immunoglobulin, antibody or antigc~b~i nding
fragment to bc produced.
111 one example, tlie method for producing an immu~~oglobulinan, tibody or
atitigen binding fragrne~it of the disclosure comprises culturing the cell of the
disclosure under conditions sufficient for tlie irnmunoglobulin, antibody or alltigel1
binding Fagment to be produced and, optionally, secreted.
hl one example, the method for producing an immunoglobulin, antibody or
antigen binding Fagment of the disclosure additio~lally comprises isolating the
itntnunoglobulin, antibody or antige~bi illding fragment.
The present disclosure additio~lally provides a method of producing a
recombioat~ti mmunoglobuli~o~r antibody of the disclosure, the ~nctllodi ~~cluding
the stcps oC
(i) culturing a 11ost ccll containing an exprcssio~v~e ctor according to the
disclosure such that the recombinant immu~loglobuloi~r~ a ntibody is expressed in
said Ilost cell; and
(ii) isolating tllc rccombioant immunoglobulin.
In one examplc, a mcthod for producing an irnmunoglobulin, antibody or
antigen binding fragmcnt of thc disclosurc additionally coml~riscsf ormulating thc
immunoglobulin, antibody or antigen binding fii~gtnclttw ith a plra~~nr~ceutically
acceptablc carrier.
The present disclosure also provides a method of prophylactic or therapeutic
trcatmcnt of a disease or co~iditioni ll a mammal, tl~cm cthod including tl~csi c]) of
administering the immunoglobulin or antibody of the disclosore to the mammal to
tlicreby trcat or prcvent the disease or condition.
In one exnmple, the rnammal is a l~uman.
111 onc cxatnplc, thc tna~iimali s in ~lcedo f trcatmcnt or prophylaxis.
111 o~icx amplc, thc mammal in need suffcrs from thc discasc or condition.
111 one exa~nple!,h e mammal it1 oeed is at risk of developing the discasc or
condition or a rclapsc thereof.
'l'hc present disclosurc also provides for usc ol'an immunoglobuli~~an, tibody
or allligc~b~it rding k a g ~ n eo~f ~thtc disclosorc or a cotnposition oftlle disclosurc ill
medicine.
The present disclosure additionally or altern'dtively provides for usc of an
immunoglobulin, antibody or antigen binding fragmcnt of the disclosure in the
rnanuftdcture ofa medicament for drc treatment ofa disease or co~~ditiion ~ai
mammal.
The present disclosure also provides an im~nu~ioglobuliann, tibody or
antigcn bindi~igf ragment of tlic disclosure for usc in the trcdtnietit of a dismsc or
conditio~iin a mammal.
In one examplc, the discase or condition is an L-3Ra-mediatcd disease or
cotidition.
5 In one cxamplc, thc discasc or condition is myclodysplastic syndrome.
In one examplc, tlic diseasc or co~iditiois~ c~a ncer, such as a Iicmdtologic
caiiccr, for cxample, lcukcmia, such as an acutc lcukemia (c.g., acute ~nyelogc~ious
leukemia) or a chronic leukemia (e.g., chronic myclomo~iocyticle ukemia).
111 one example, tlie disease or condition is an IL-3Ra-associated canccr, c.g.,
10 leukernid, i.e., the canccr (or lcukcmia) is characterized by cancer (or icukcmia)
cells expressing IL-3Ra.
111 another examplc, the canccr is a malignant lympl~oprolifcrativcd isordcr
such as ly~nplioma.
hi one exatnplc, thc discase or condition is an a~ctoimmunec ondition or an
IS inflammato~yc ondition. For example, the co~iditiotis lupus, c.g., systemic
lupus erytlirematosus, Sjogren's syndrome or sclerode~ma(e .g., systemic
scerodcrma).
I11 one example, the method comprises administering an effective amount
of the immu~ioglobulin, such as a therapeutically effective anioulit of thc
20 immunoglobulin, atitibody or antigen billding fragment.
In one example, tlic method compriscs administering betwccn about
0.00011nglkg arid 50mgikg of immunoglobulin, antibotiy or antigen biildi~ig
ftagmcnt to the tnammal. For cxatiiplc, thc mcthod cotllpriscs administcring
between about 0.000Smdkg to about 401ndkg. For cxamplc, tlic mctliod
25 comprises administering between about 0.0005mglkg to about 30mglkg. For
example, the mcthod compriscs adrninisteritig betwec~i about 0.001mgikg to about
201nglkg. For cxdmplc, tl~c mcthod compriscs ad~ninistcring bctwccn about
0.001mglkg to about IOmgiIcg. For exiimple, tl~c mcthod co~~ipriscs
administering betwccn about O.Olmg/kg to about Smglkg. For examplc, the
30 method cornprises administcri~igb etweell about 0.001mglkg to &out Imdkg.
lo onc cxamplc, tlic nictl~od co~iipriscs administcring bctwcc~l about
O.lnlg/kg to about IOmdkg of tbc immunoglobulin, antibody or a~itigclib illding
fiagiient. For examplc, tlic inctl~od comprises administcrit~g bctweet~ about
0.lmglkg to about 51nglkg. I'or cxarnple, tlic mcthod compriscs administeritig
35 between about 0. I mg/kg to about ImpJkg.
I11 olic cxamplc, ihe nictliod co~iipt.ises ad~iii~iiatcriribgc twcei~ about
I01ndkg to about 30mpJkg of the immunoglobulin, antibody or antigen binding
fragment. For cxample, tlie method cornprises administering between about
20mglkg to about 30mgiky.
40 111 one example, the immunoglobuli~i, antibody or antigct~ binding
fragment is ad~ni~iistcrcadt a dose of 0.0lmgkg.
In one example, the im~nunoglobulin, antibody or antigen binding
fragmcnt is administcrcd at a dosc of 0. lmgikg.
Jn one example, tile irnmunoglobulin, antibody or a~tigen binding
fragmcnt is administered at a dosc of Imdkg.
111 one cxatnple, the immunoglobulin, antibody or antigen binding
fragmcnt is adrninistcrcd at a dosc of IOmdkg.
In one examplc, the immunoglobulin, antibody or antigen binding
fiagncnt is administcred at a dosc of 301ng/kg.
In one example, the im~nnnoglobulio~r~ a ntibody is administered to the
mammal a plurality of times. 111 one example, thc pcriod bctwccn
administrations is at least about 7 days, such as at least about 8 days, for cxample,
at lcast about 9 days or 10 days. In onc cxamplc, tlic pcriod bctwccn
administrations is at lcast about 11 days. 111 anothcr examplc, the pcriod bctwcen
administrations is at least about 15 days, such as at least about 16 days, for
example, at lcast about 18 days or 20 days. In one cxample, tlie period betwcen
administrations is at least about 22 days. In anothcr example, the period between
administrations is at least about 25 days, such as at least about 30 days, for
example, at least about 40 days or 45 days. In one example, tlie period between
administrations is at lcast about 57 or 60 days.
For example, thc immunoglobulin, antibody or atitigen binding do~nai~isi
administered at a dosc of bctwecn 0.00011ndkg and Snidkg, such as between
0.0005mg/kg and Srndkg, for cxamplc, between 0.001mg/kg and Smdkg, and tlie
peliod bctwccn admin~stmtions is at lcast about 7 tlays or 8 ddys or 9 days or I0
days or 11 days or 14 days or 17 days or 21 days or 22 days or 28 days or 20 days
or 30 days or 1 cnlcnd;a month. For cxa~nplct,h c in~munoglobulin,a ntibody or
antigen bioding domain is administcrcd at a dosc of bctwccn 0.0lmylkg and
5mg/kg and the period betwcen ad~ninistrationsi s at lcast about 7 days or X days
or 0 days or 10 days or 11 days or 14 days. For cxamplc, tllc irnmunoglobulin,
antibody or antige~b~i llding do~nain is administcred at a dosc of betwccn
0.01 mdkg and 2mdIcg and tlic period bctwcen admioist~ations is at least about 7
days or 8 days or 9 days or 10 days or 11 tlays or 14 days. For example, tlle
immunoglobulin, antibody or antigcn binding dotnain is administcrcd at a dosc of
bctwccn 0.Olm~kikga nd I nidkg and tlic pcriod bctwccn administrations is at lcast
about 7 days or 8 days or 9 days or 10 days or 11 days or 14 days. 111 sotnc
cxamplcs, tlic pcriod between ~dministrationsis at lcast about 7 days and lcss thar~
about 22 days, sucli as at last about 11 days or 15 ddys and lcss than about 20
days, for example at least about 13 days and lcss than about 18 daya.
Jn one cxamplc, tlie i~nmunoglobulin,a ntibody or antigen binding domain
is administered at a dose of O.Olnig/kg and the period between administrations is 6
days or 7 days or X days or 9 days or 10 days or 11 days or 14 days or 15 days.
In one example, the immunoglobnlin, antibody or antigen binding domain
is administered at a dose of 0.lmdkg and tlic period between administrations is 6
days or 7 days or 8 days or 9 days or 10 days or 11 days or 14 days or 15 days.
I11 o~icx amplc, thc iiniiiunoglobuliu or antibody is administcrcd at a dosc
of inig/lcg aiid the pcriod between administratio~isi s 6 days or 7 days or 8 days or
9 days or 10 days or 11 days or 14 days or 15 days or 20 days or 21 days or 22
days.
For cxaniplc, thc immunoglobulin or antibody is adtiii~iistcrcd at a dosc of
between 6mgikg and 501ngkg and the period between ad~liitiistratio~is~ sa t least
about 15 days. For examplc, tlic immunoglobulin or antibody is administered at
a dose of between 1 Omgikg and 30mgikg and thc period between administrations
is at least about 14 or 15 days. For cxample, the immunoglobulin or antibody is
adrni~~istcrcadt a dosc of bctwcc~i2 01iigikg aiid 30tngkg and the pcriod betweell
administratioils is at lcast about 14 or15 days. I11 some examples, the period
between administrations is at least about 20 days and less than about 70 days, such
as at least about 21 or 22 days and less tlra~ia bout 65 days, for example at least
about 25 days and less that1 about 57 days.
I11 one examnple, the initnunoglobulin or ailtibody is administered at a dose
of IOmgikg and tlic period between adtninistrations is 14 days or 15 days or 21
days or 22 days or 30 days or 48 days or 50 days or 56 days or 57 days or 60 days.
oiie example, tlie immuiloglobuliii or antibody is adniiiiistered at a dose
of 30mgkg and tlie period betwec~ia dmi~listratiollsi s 14 days or 15 days or 21
days or 22 days or 30 dnys or 48 days or 50 days or 56 days or 57 days or 60 days.
As discossed abovc, tlic invcntor has found that following adrninistratioii
of an immutioglobulin or antibody of thc disclostrre the number of NK cells is
iiicrcascd abovc thc ~luiiibcr prcscnt bcforc administration within about 8 days.
Tlie invcntor has also sliowt~ that increased ~iuiiibcrs of NK cclls incrcasc tllc
efficacy of an antibody or immunoglobulin of thc disclosure in inducing death of
target cells. Thus, once the number of NK cclls is increased, a further dose oftlic
antibody or immunoglobulin call bc adniinistcrcd to inducc a
tlicrapeutic/propliylactic effect. For example, an immonoglobulin, antibody or
antigcn binding fiagmcnt of thc disclosure is administcrcd a plurality of times at a
dosc of bctwcc~a~b out 0.0011ngikg and about l~ngikgw ith a pcriod betwccri
adtninistrations of at lcast about 7 days, such as, at lcast about 8 (lays, for cxamplc,
at lcast about 11 days, such as at lcast about 14 days, for cxamplc, at lcast about
17 days, sucl~a s at least about 21 days, for exatnplc, at least about 22 days, for
cxamplc, 28 days or 29 dnys or onc calcadar niontli or 56 or 57 or 60 days. Tn
one examplc, tlie period between tloses is about 7 days. In one cxamplc, the
period bctwccn doses is about 8 days. I11 onc cxarnplc, the period belwce11 doses
is about 11 days. In onc cxamplc, tlie period betwee11 doses is about 14 days.
In one example, tlie period between doses is about 17 days, In olic cxample, the
period betweell doses is about 21 days. hi one example, the period between
doses is about 22 days. In one example, the period between doses is about 28
days. 111 one example, the period between doses is about 29 days. In onc
example, tlie dose is betwce~a~bo ut 0.011ngkg and about O.lmgikg, such as a dose
of about 0.0Imglkg or 0.ltngIkg.
BRIEF DESCRlPTION OF TI-IE DRAWINGS
Figure 1A is a graphical representation showing tllc number of ?4K cells in
a saml~lcfr om a non-human primatc sul?jcct at various timc points (as indicatcd)
following administratio~i of antibody CSL362X2. Tlic number of cells is
represented as a percentage of thc number of cclls prior to admi~iisteri~itgli e
antibody. Dosages of the antibody arc indicatcd.
Figure 1B is a graphical representation showing the number of NK cclls in a
sample from a non-human pri~nate subject at various time points (as indicatcd)
following administ~ation of antibody CSL362B. The numbcr of cclls is
represetlted as a percentage of the ouniber of cells prior to adnii~iistcring tlic
antibody. Dosages of the antibody are indicatcd.
Figure 1C is a gmpllical representation showing thc liurnber of NK cells in
a sample from a non-Iinman primate subject at various timc points (as indicated)
following adminiseation of a cliimcric antibody (designated CSL360) comprising
a human IgGl constant domain and the variablc region of antibody 7G3. The
number of cells is rcprcsetltcd as a percetltagc of tllc number of cells prior to
administering tlic antibody. Dosages of tlie antibody are iiidicated.
Figure 2A is a graphical reprcse~ilation showing tllc percentage of TF-I
cells lysed in the presclicc of thc illdicatcd cell pol~ulation and antibody
CSL302X1 at various concenuations (as indicatcd on the X axis).
Figure 2B is a gral~hical rcl>rcscnlntion showi~lg tlic pcrccntegc of AML
cells in the presence of various numbers of NK cells and antibody CSL362X1.
The ratio of cffcctor cclls (NK cclls; E) to targct cells (leukemia cells; T) is
indicated on the X axis. Results generated sui~igc ells from two paticms arc
dcpictcd.
DETAIL.ED DESCRIPTION
Key to Seque~~Lcies tiug
SEQ ID NO: I --amino acid scqucncc of ll.-311u cliai~~
SEQ ID NO: 2 - arliitio acid sequcncc of LCDRl of humanized anti- IL-3Rn cllain
alltibody CS1.362 and modified forms thereof
SEQ ID NO: 3 a m i n o acid sequence of LCDR2 of humanized anti- IT..-3Rn cllaili
a~~tiboiClyS L362 and ~liodificdf orms thcrcof
SEQ ID NO: 4 - a~oinoa cid scquc~oco f LCDR3 of I~u~nanizeadn ti- 11,-3Rcx cllai~l
antibody CSL362 and modified forms thereof
SEQ ID NO: 5 - amino acid sccluence of HCDRl of humanized anti- 1L-3Ru
cllain antibody CSL362 and modificd forms thcrcof
SEQ ID NO: 6 - amino acid sequence of HCDR2 of humanized anti- IL-3Ra
chain antibody CSL362 and modified forms thereof
SEQ ID NO: 7 - a~ni~iaoci d sequence of HCDR3 of humanized anti- IL-3Ra
chain antibody CSL362 and rnodificd forms thcrcof
SEQ ID NO: 8 amino acid sequcnce of liglit chain variable region of liu~ivanized
anti- IL-3Ra chai~ai ntibody CSL362 and modified forms thereof
SEQ ID NO: 9 - amino acid sequcnce of heavy chain variable region of
5 hu~iiatiizcda nti- IL-3Ra chai~ain tibody CSL362 and ~iiodificdf orms thcrcof
SEQ ID NO: 10 - arni~ioa cid sequence of lieavy cliain of Iiumanized anti- IL-3Ra
chain antibody CSL362 and CSL362B
SEQ ID NO: 11 a m i n o acid scqucnce of heavy chain of humanized anti- 11.-3Ra
chain antibody CSL362Xl
10 SEQ ID NO: 12 - anii~ioa cid sequence of heavy chai~oi f humatiized anti- IL-3Ra
chain a~itibodyC SL362X2
SEQ ID NO: 13 -amino acid scquence of light chain of huma~iized anti- IL-3Ra
chain antibody CSL362 and modificd forms thcrcof
SEQ ID NO: 14 - ~lucleotide sequence encoding a LCDRI of Iiuma~iized anti-
15 IL-3Ra chain antibotly CSL362 and modificd forms thereof
SEQ ID NO: 15 - nucleotide sequencc ellcoding a LCDR2 of humariized anti-
IL-3Ra chain antibotly CSL362 and modified forms thereof
SEQ ID NO: 16 - ~iuclcotides equcnce e~icodi~aig L CDR3 of humanized anti-
IL-3Ra chain antibody CSL362 and modified forms thereof
20 SEQ ID NO: 17 - ~iucleotides equence cncoding a HCDRI of hu~i~a~iizaendti -
IL-3Ra chain antibody CSL362 aud modificd forms thereof
SEQ IDN O: I X - ~n~clcotidscq ucnce cncoding a I-ICDRZ of humanized anti-
IL-3Rr~c hain alltibody CSL362 and ~iiodificdf orms tlicrcof
SEQ ID NO: 19 - ~lucleotides cqucncc encoding a HCDR3 of Iiurntuiized tunti-
25 IL-3Ra chain antibody CSL362 and ~nodificd hrms thcrcof
SEQ ID NO: 20 -- nucleotidc sequence encoding a light chain variable region of
humanized asti- IL-3Ra cliai~ai lltibody CSL362 and modificd fotrns thcrcof
SEQ ID NO: 21 - nucleotide sequence encoding a licavy chain variable region of
humanized anti- IL-3Ra chain antibody CSL362 aud modified forms thereof
30 SEQ ID NO: 22 - nucleotidc scqucncc encoding a hcavy chain of Iiumanized anti-
JL-3Ra chain antibody CSL362 and CSL362B
SEQ ID NO: 23 - nuclcotidc scqucncc encoding a light chain of Iiumanizcd anti-
IL-3Ra chain alltibody CSL362 and modified for~rlsth crcof
35 General
'l'l~rougl~ootth is specification, u~ilcsss p~ificallys tatcd olllerwisc or tlie
coiitcxt rcquilrs otlic~wisc, refcrc~icc to a single step, composition of matter,
group of steps or group of compositiorls of matter shall bc takc~tio encompass one
and a plurality (i.c. one or more) of those steps, compositions of matter, gro~lpso f
40 steps or groups of compositio~iso f matter.
Those skilled in tlie art will appreciate that the present disclosure is
susceptible to variatio~isa rid modificatio~iso ther than those specifically described.
It is to bc understood that tlic disclosurc i~icludcs all sucl~ variations and
modifications. The disclosure also includcs all of the stcps, features, co~npositions
and compounds referred to or indicated in this specification, individually or
collectively, and any and all combinatiot~s or any two or more of said steps or
fcaturcs.
Tlic present disclosure is not to bc limited in scope by the specific
cxamplcs describcd hcrcin, which arc intcndcd for the purpose of exemplification
only. Functionally-equivalent products, co~npositions and methods are clearly
withiti the scope of the present disclosure.
Any example of the present disclosure hereill shall bc taken to apply
niufatis niurnndis to any other example of the disclosurc ul~lcss specifically stated
othe~wise.
Unlcss spccifically dcfi~~codth crwise, all technical and scientific terms
uscd hcrein shall bc takcn to l~avcth c sarnc mcar~inga s cotnmonly u~~derstoobdy
onc of ordinary skill in thc art (for example, in cell culture, ~nolecular genetics,
immunology, immunohistochcmistry, protein chemistry, and biochemistry).
Ullless othcrwise indicated, the recombi~rant protein, cell culture, and
in~tnu~~ologictaclc hniqucs ntilizcd in thc preserlt disclosure are standard
procedures, well kiiowl~t o those skilled in the art. Such techniqucs are described
and cxplait~cdt hroughout tl~cli tcraturc in sources such as, J. Pcrbal, A Practical
Guide to Molecular Cloning, John Wiley a11d Sons (1984), J. Sambrook el al.
Molcc~rlarC loning: A '.aborato~y Manoal, (Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press
(1989), T.A. Brown (editor), Essential Molecular Biology: A Practical Approach,
Volu~ncs I and 2, IRL I'rcss (1991), D.M. Glovcr and B.D. Halncs (cditors), DNA
Cloning: A I'ractical Approach, Volumcs 1-4, IRL Press (1995 and 1996), and
F.M. Ausubel et nl. (cdito~s), Cumcnt Protocols in Molecular Biology, Gree~lc
I'ub. Associates and Wilcy-lntcrscicncc (1988, including all updatcs until prcscnt),
Ed Harlow and David Lane (cditors) Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold
Spring Harbour Laboratory, (l988), and J.E. Coligan et ~ 1(.cd itors) Currc~it
Protocols in Immunology, Joht~ Wilcy & Sons (including all updates ut~til
prcscnt).
Tl~c description and dcfi~litions of variablc rcgions and Darts thcrcof,
immunoglobuli~~asn, tibodies and fragments thcrcof hcrcin may bc further clarilicd
by thc discussioll in Kabat S(!(~ucnc;c!osf ' Proteins oj' I~iiriiunologicnl Intcriscs a Fc. In a light chain, a constant rcgion gclicmlly
comprise one constant dornain (a CI,~).
The tenn "fragment c~ystalizable" or "Fc" or "PC region" or "Fc portion"
(which call bc used intcrchdngcably Ilerein) rcfers to a rcgion of an antibody
co~ilprising at least one constant domain and wllicl~ is generally (Lhoogh not
ncccssarily) glycosylatcd and which is capable of binding to onc or more FC
receptors and/or co~lipolle~itosf tllc co~~iple~ilcea~slcta de. The 11eavy chain
constant region call bc sclected from any of thc five isotypes: a, 6, s, y, or p.
Furtlielmore, heavy chains of various subclasscs (such as the 1gG subclasses of
heavy chains) are responsible for different effector functions and thus, by choosing
the desired heavy clraili consta~~retg ion, proteins with desired effector fu~lctio~l
call bc produced. Excmplaly lica\ry chain constant rcgions arc ganilna 1 (IgGI),
gamma 2 (IgG2) and gdnn~~3 a(l gG3), or hybrids thcrcof.
A "constant domain" is a domain in an antibody the scqucncc of which is
highly si~nilarin antibodies/antibodies of the same type, e.g., 1gG or 1gM or 1gE. A
constant rcgioti of an antibody gc~icrally comprises a plurality of constant
dotnains, c.g., the constant region of y, a or 6 hcavy chaitl comprises two constant
domains.
As uscd herein, the term "specifically binds" shall be taken to rncan an
immunoglobulin or antibody by which is meant that the binding interaction
betweell an i~n~nnt~oglobourl ia~nt~ib ody and IL-3Ra chdi11 is dcpcndcnt on the
presence of the antigenic determinant or epitope of an IL-3Ra chain bour~d by the
immunoglobulin or antibody. Accordingly, thc immunoglobuli~~o r antibody
prcfcrelitially binds or recognizes an IL-3Ra chain antigenic determinant or
cpitopc even when prcscnt in a mixture of otllcr molecules or organisms. In one
cxa~nplc, tlic immnunoglobulin or antibody reacts or associates Inore frequently,
rnorc rapidly, with grcatcr du~;itiosa nd/or with greater affinity with IL-3Ra or cell
expressing same than it does with alternative antigens or cells. It is also
undcrstood by reading this definition that, for example, at1 immu~loglobnlio~r~
antibody specifically binds to IL-3Ra may or may not specifically bind to asecond
antigen. As such, "specific binding" does not necessarily require exclusive binding
or non-detectable binding of another antigen. The term "specifically binds" is
used intclrhdngcably with "selectively binds" hercin. Generally, refcrcncc hcrcin
to binding mcans spccilic binding, afid C I K ~ tcnn shall bc undcrstood to providc
explicit support for the othcr tenn. ". 111 one example, "specific binding" to with
11.-3Ra or ccll cxprcssing samc, mcans that tlic immunoglobulin or antibody binds
to thc with IL-3Rtx or ccll cxprcssing samc with an equilibrium constant (I<,)) of
lOOnM or less, such as 50nM or Icss, for cxamplc 20nM or less, such as, InM or
Icss, e.g., 0.8nM or less.
'Thc tcrm "EU numbcring system of Kabat" will be understood to meim the
numbcring of an antibody heavy chain is according to the EU index as taugl~t in
Kabat el ( I / . , 1991, Scqucnccs of l'rotcins of l~n~nnnologicaInl tcrcst, 5th Ed.,
United States Public Hcalth Scrvicc, National I~lstitutcso f Hcalth, Bcthcsda. Thc
Ell indcx is bascd on thc rcsiduc numbcring of the human IgG1 EU antibody.
As nsed hercin, tlic term "IL-3Ra-mctliatcd condition" will be understood
to Incall a condition associatcd with or causcd by cxccssive IL-3Rn cxprcssion
andlor an cxccssivc ninnbcr of' IL-3Ra cxprcssing cclls in a tnammal, sncll as
cancer cells (c.g., Icukcmic cells) andlor immune cells (e.g., plasniacytoid
dcrrdritic cells).
As uscd hcrcin, the term "myelodysplastic syndrome" or "MDS" will bc
understood to refer to a diverse colleclion of hcmatologicdl ~nedical conditior~s
that involve ineffective productio~i (or dysplasia) of the myeloid class of blood
cclls. Subjects with MDS often dcvelop sevcrc aacmia and can rcquire frequent
blood transfusions. In many cascs, as MDS progrcsscs thc subjcct dcvclops
cytopcnias (low blood counts) due to progrcssivc bone ~i~asrofwai lure. In about
one third of patients with MDS, thc diseasc transforms illto acutc myelogc~cnous
lcukemia (AML). 'The MDS can bc diagnosed or classified to various systems,
including thc Frcnch-Amcl.ican-British Classification Systcnl (Bcnnctt el (11.. B,: J.
Hnen.n,cllol. 33: 451-458, 1976), Tlic Intcr~~ationaPlr og~iosticS coring Systeiii
(Grecnberg et nl., Blood 89: 2079-88, 1997) or a system published by tlie World
Health Orga~?ization.
As used liercin, thc tcrrn "treatme~it" refers to cli~~icailn tervention
designed to alter tlic liatural course of thc individual or cell being treated during
the course of cli~iicalp athology. Desilablc effects of treatmcnt ilicludc dccrcasing
the rate of discasc progression, ameliorating or palliating thc discasc statc, and
remissio~l or imptaved prognosis. An individual is successfully "lreated", for
cxamplc, if one or more symptoms associated with a discasc are mitigated or
eliminated.
As used hcrcin, the term "prevention" includcs providing propliylaxis with
respect to occurrence or rccurrcncc of a discase in an individual. An i~~divitlual
may be predisposed to or at risk of developing thc disease or disease relapse but
has not yet been diagnosed with tl~cd isease or the sclapse.
As used lierein, a mammal "at risk" ofdcveloping a disease or condition or
relapsc thcwof or rclapsi~igm ay or may not have detcctable diseasc or symptoms
of discaqe, and may or may not l~aved isplaycd detectable disease or syrnptoliis of
discasc prior to thc trcattilcnt according to thc prcscnt disclosurc. "At risk"
dc~iotcs that a niammr~l has onc or marc risk factors, which are rncasurablc
paramcters that correlate with dcvclopmcnt of tlic disease or condition, as known
in thc art andlor described lierein.
AII "cffcctive amount" rcfcrs to at Icast an amount cffcctivc, at dosagcs
and for periods of tinle ncccssary, to achicve ll~c dcsirc(l therapeutic or
prophylactic result. An cffcctivc alnoulit call bc provided in one or niorc
adniinistrations. In some examples of tlie prcscnt disclosurc, the term "effcctive
amount" is meant an a~iiount ncccssary lo cffcct trcattnclit of a diseasc or
condition as licrcinbcforc dcscribcd. Thc cffcctivc aliioulit niay vary according to
tlic tliscasc or condition to be treated and also according to thc weight, age, racial
background, scx, health andlor 1)hysical condition and othcr factors rclcvdnt to t11c
~namrnabl cir~gtw ated. Typically, tl~cc ikctivc amount will fall within a relatively
broad range (e.g, a "dosagc" railye) tllat can bc dctcrmincd tl~rol~grho utine lrial
and experitneatation by a medical practitioner. The cffcctivc arnoulit can bc
adniinistcrcd ia a single dose or in a dose rcpeatcd once or scveml tinies over a
treatment period.
A "thetapentically effective amount" is at least the ~niiiimu~cioin centration
required to effect a measurable improvement of a particular disorder (e.g., SLE).
A therapeutically cffcctive amount herein may vaty accordiag to factors such as
tlic discasc state, agc, scx, and wciglit of tlic patient, and tlic ability of thc
immutiogiobulin or antibody to elicit a desired rcsponsc in thc individual. A
therapeutically effective amount is also one in which any toxic or detrimental
effects of the itnmu~~oglobuloi~r ia lltibody are outweighed by the tl~erapeutically
bcacficial cffccts.
A "pluphylactically effective amount" refers to an amount effective, at tlie
dosages and for periods of timc necessaly, to achicvc the desired prophylactic
result. Typically but not necessarily, since a prophylactic dose is used in mammals
prior to or at an earlier stage of diseasc, a prophylactically effective amount may
bc less than a tlierapeutically eKcctive amount.
Reference herein to "the number of NK cells in the mammal" will bc
ul~de~stootod ir~cludeth c number of NK cells in a sample %om a malnlnal and not
to require determining thc total number oS NK cells in a mammal. This ~iumbcr
can be expressed as, for cxamplc, cells per mL or dL or as a percentage of tlie
~lu~nboefr c ells froni a sample taken at a different point in time from the mammal.
For the pulposes of nome~iclatureo nly and not limitatioo, tlie a~niiioa cid
sequcncc of an IL-3Ra chain is taught in Gent ID Accession Number 3553 andlor
in SEQ ID NO: 1.
The "mammal" treated according to tlie present disclosurc may be a
mammal, such as a non-Iiuman pri~i~atoer a human. In one example, tlie
mammal is a liuma~i.
'The term "sequence identity" is uscd licrein in its broadest scnsc to include
tlic number of cxact nuclcotidc or an~ino acid matclics having regard to an
al)propriate aligome~itu sing a sta~idarda lgorithm, liaving irgard to tlic extent tliat
sequences arc identical ovcr a window of comparison. Scqucncc identity may be
detenni~ied by alignment of cornpared sequenccs using computerised
implcmcntations of algorithms (,Gcncworks program by lntclligcnctics; GAP,
BESTFIT, FASTA, and TFASI'A in tlic Wisconsin Gcnctics Software Package
Release 7.0, Gcnctics Cornputcr Group, 575 Scicncc Drivc Madison, WI, USA,
incolporatcd herein by rcfclcnce) or by itispection and thc bcst aligllmi~it (i.e.,
resulting in the higlicst pcrccntagc liomolo~y ovcr thc comparison window)
gcncratcd by any of tlic various mctliods sclcctcd. Rcfcrcncc illso m;ay bc ll~adcto
the BLAST fanlily of programs as for cxamplc disclosed by Altschol el nl., 1907,
Nucl. Acids Rcs. 25 3389. A dctailcd discussion of sequencc analysis can be
Sound in Unit 19.3 oC CIJIcptidc
component thereof. DNA includes genomic DNA and cDNA. RNA i~~cludes
5 mlWA and cllNA. Nuclcic acids 11~aayl so bc DNA-RNA hybrids. A nuclcic acid
comprises a tlucleotide scquencc which typically i~lcludcs nucleotidcs that
comprise an A, G, C, T or U basc. However, nucleotide scqoctlces lnay include
other bases such as inosine, methylycytosine, methylinosinc, methyladet~osine
andior thiouridinc, although without limitatioll thcrcto.
10 "Hybridize and Hybridization" is used l~crcint o de~loteth c pairing of a1
least partly compleme~lta~y~ iucleotidc seqnenccs to produce a DNA-DNA,
RNA-RNA or DNA-RNA hybrid. Hybrid scquc~tccsc omprising co~nplcmcntary
~lucleotides equences occur through basc-pairing between complemcntaly purines
and 11yrimidincs as are well known in thc art.
15 In this regard, it will be apprcciated that modified purincs (for example,
inosine, methylinosine and mcthyladcnosi~ie) and modified pyrimidines
(tliiouridine and methylcytosine) may also engage in base pairing.
"St~.itlge~lcy"a s uscd herein, rcfcrs to temperdturc and ionic strength
conditions, and presence or abse~lceo f celtai~o~rg anic solvc~itsa ~ldiord etergents
20 during hybridisation. The higher thc stringency, the higl~er will bc the required
level of complcmc~~tat~hietytw cco hybridizitlg ~luclcotidesc qucnces.
"I-ligh stringency condilions" dcsignalcs thosc co~lditio~ulstl der whiclt olliy
nuclcic acid Ilaving a higll frcqucncy of con~plcmcntaryb ascs will hybridize.
Rcfcrcncc herein to high stringency conditions include and
25 cncornpass:-
(i) from at least about 31'% vlv to at least about SO'% v/v
formamidc and frotn at lcast about 0.01 M to at lcast itbout
0.15 M salt for llybridisatio~l at 42"C, a~ltl at lcasl about
0.01 M to at least about 0.15 M salt for washing at 42'C;
(ii) 1%) BSA, 1 mM EDTA, 0.5 M. NaHl'Oo (pl-l 7.2), 7% SDS
for hybridization at 6S°C, and (A) 0.1 x SSC, 0.1% SDS; or
(b) 0.5% BSA, lmM EDTA, 40 mM NaHP04 (pH 7.2), 1%
SDS for waslling et w tctnpcratule in excess of 6S°C for
about onc hour; and
35 (iii) 0.2 x SSC, 0.1'%, SDS Ibr washing at or abovc OXUC fir
about 20 minutcs.
h~ gcncral, washing is carried out at T,, = 69.3 t 0.41 (C i-C ) % -12°C. h~
gcncral, the T,,, of a duplex DNA decreases by about 1°C with cvcry increase of
1% in the tlu~nbero f mismatched bases.
40 Notwithstanding the above, stritige~ltc onditions are known in the art, sl~cll
as describcd in Chapters 2.9 and 2.10 of. Ausubel et a/., CURRENT
PROTOCOLS lN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1995-2009
An "cx~~rcssiovnc ctor" may bc citlicr a sclf-replicating cxtra-cli~omoso~iial
vector such as a plabmid, or a vcctor that integrates illto a host gcnome.
l~nrnunoelobulins
5 Suitably, an imniunoglobuliti or antibody of thc disclosurc sclcctivcly binds
IL-3Ra chain, by which is meant that the binding inte~action betweell the
immunoglobulin or antibody atid IL-3Ra chain is dcpe~ident on the prescnce of
the antigcnic determinant or epitope of an IL-3Ra chain bound by the
immunoglobulin. Accordingly, tlic immunoglobulin 01. antibody prcfercntially
10 binds or rccognizes an IL-3Ra cliain antigcnic deteniiinant or cpitope cvc11 when
present in a mixture of othcr molcculcs or organisms.
A~ilibodies
In one example, an immu~ioglobuli~asi described 11crcin according to any
15 example is an antibody, c.g., comprising CDRs andlor one or more variable
regions described hcrein.
Suitably, the immunoglobulin is a humanized, chimeric or human antibody
that comprises light and lieavy chain CDR 1, 2 and 3 amino acid scqucnces
according to SEQ ID NOS: 2-7 respcctivcly. In one example, thc antibody
20 co~iiprisca lleavy chain variable region amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID
NO: 9 and a liglit chain variablc region amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID
NO: 8. In onc example, the antibody compriscs a lieavy chaiti amino acid
scqucncc according lo SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 1 1 or SEQ ID NO: 12 and a
liglit chain a~iii~aicoi d sequclicc according to SEQ 1D NO: 13.
25 In onc cxamplc, the antibody is a rccombinat~t antibody. Methods for
produci~iga ntibodies comprising CDRs andlor va~iablcr cgions dcscribed lierein
will bc apparent to thc skillcd artisan kbascd on tlic disclosurc herein andlor
documents referred to Iicrcin.
In onc examplc, an antibody of tlie disclosurc compriscs a VII andlor a \'I.
30 comprising CDRs as sct Forth liercin and FRs from a human sntibody.
Optionally, thc FRs comprise one or marc atnillo acid substitutio~is, c.g., 2 or
morc or 3 or niorc or 4 or morc of 5 or morc or 10 or morc or 15 or morc. 111 onc
example, tlie FRs comprise no morc illan 30 a~iiino acid substitutions, e.g., no
more than 20 amino acid substitutio~~cos ~nparedto tlic Iiuma~iF Rs.
35 111 one examplc, an antibody of tlic disclosure co~iipriscsa VII a~idlora \'I,
co~iiprisingC Dlls as sct forth I~aoinan ti FRs Tram a lion-lluman primate aotibociy,
i.c., thc antibody is Synhumanized, e.g., as described in WO2007i019620.
I11 one example, an antibody of the disclosure is a con~positea ntibody, e.g.,
as described in WO200(,1082406.
40 One exemplary antibody of tlie disclosure is a Iiuma~~izcadn tibody, e.g., as
defined herein. Exempla~y humaliized antibodies are dcscribed herein. In one
example, tlie liumd~iizeda ntibody has been affinity matured. In o~icx atnple, thc
Iiumanizcd antibody cotnpsiscs:
(i) a VL comprisi~ig:
a) a CDR I cotnprisi~lga scquencc set fottli in SEQ ID NO: 2 (or cncoclcd
by a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14);
5 b) a CDR2 co~nprisinga scqucncc sct fo~tliin SEQ ID NO: 3(or c~lcodcd
by a sequelice sct fortli it1 SEQ ID NO: 15); a~id
c) a CDR3 co~nptisi~alg s equence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4 (or encodcd
by a sequence set fo~ihin SEQ ID NO: 16); and
(ii) a VII comprising:
10 d) a CDRl comprisi~iga sequcncc sct forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 (or c~icodcd
by a scquc~iccs ct fortli in SEQ ID NO: 17);
c) a CDR2 cornptising a sequc~iccsc t forth it1 SEQ ID NO: 6 (or cncoded
by a sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18); and
f) a CDR3 comprisi~ig a scquence set fortli in SEQ ID NO: 7 (or
15 encoded by a sequence set fortli in SEQ ID NO: 19).
Tliose skilled in tlie att will appreciate that irnmutloglobuli~~osr antibodies
of thc disclosure may include modificatio~lsth at introduce scqucnces not nalumlly
found in humans, for cxamplc to incwase affinity or cffcctor function.
Thc disclosure also provides variants of the immunoglobuliri or alltibody of
20 thc disclosure. Suitably, variants have at least 80%, X5%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 03%,
94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% sequence idcntity with any of the amino acid
sequences sci ford1 in SEQ ID NOS:2-13.
For cxamplc, it is understood in tlic ali that so~iic atiiino acids nlay bc
substituted or deletctl without advcrscly or significnnlly affecting tlie IL-3Ra
25 specificity andlor effcctor function of the immunoglobulin or antibody (c.g.
co~iservatives ubstitutions).
Dcsivativcs of antibodies or i~n~nu~ioglobulincos ntcmplatcd by tbc
disclosi~lri nclude, but are not limitcd to, modification to a~iii~alcoi d side chains,
incorpovation of unnntural amino acids andlor their desivativcs dusing peptide or
30 polypeptide sy~ithcsisa nd thc use ofcrosslinltcn.
Exctnpla~-yaa litibodics and antigen bindit~gf ragments tlicrcof of tlic prcsait
disclosorc aar dcscribcd in Table 1.
Table 1: Excniplary aatibodics and a~itigcnb inding fragments thcrcof
Namc / Hcavy Chain SEQ ID I Light Chain SEQ ID NOT
2 Hcavy chain constant icgion is afucosylatcd
CSL362B
CSL362X1
CSL362X2
5 A~~tibodFvra emcnts
Single-Domctin Anlibodies
In some examplcs, an antigc~b~in ding fragment of an alltibody of the
disclosure is or co~nprises a single--domain antibody (which is used
i~~tcrchangcablwyi th thc tcr~n" domain antibody" or "dAb"). A singlcilomain
10 antibody is a singlc polypeptide chain comprising all or a po1lio11 of the heavy
chain variable domain of an antibody.
Dicil)odies, Trirrbodie,~, Te/r.cthodies
In some cxamplcs, an antigc!~ binding kagrnmt of thc disclosurc is or
I5 comprises a diabody, triabody, tctrabody or higher order protci~c~o1 11l>1cxs ue11 as
tliosc described in W0981044001 andlor WO941007921.
For examplc, a diabody is a protein coml~risingtw o associated polypeptide
chains, cach polypcptidc chain comprising tlic structure VL-X-VII or VII-X-V~~
wherein X is a linkcr comprising insuMicie~irt esidues to pcrmit the Vu trnd V1, in a
20 single polypcptidc chain to associate (or form an Fv) or is absent, and wherein the
VIIo f one polypcptidc chain binds to a VI. of the orl~erp olypc])tidc chain to form
an antigen binding sitc, i.c., to form a Fv ~nolcculcc apable of specifically billding
to one or more antigens. The V ~ a n Vd IIc an be the salnc in cacl~p olypeptide chain
or the VI. and Vli can bc diffclc~~int each polypcptide chain so as to form a
25 bispccific diabody (i.c., comprising two Fvs having different specificity).
A diabody, triabody, tctrabody, ctc capable of inducing effector activity can
bc prodt~ccdu sing an aotigc~b~in ding d o ~ n ~caipta~b le of bit~tfintgo IL-3Rn and an
antigen binding domain capable of binding to a ccll surfacc molecule on an
irnmune ccll, c.g., a T cell (e.g., CD3).
30
Single Chain FV (scFv) Fr.ngnlen/s
The skillcd artisan will be aware that scFvs comprise V Ia~nd VIAre giotis in
a single polypeptide chain and a polypcptide linker between the VH and VL which
enables the scFv to form thc desired structure for antigen binding (LC., for the VH
35 and V1.of the single polypeptide chait~to associate with one allother to for~na Fv).
' Variablc region sequencc only.
1 o2
I I
12
13 -.
13
13
For cxamplc, thc linkcr compriscs in cxccss of 12 amino acid rcsiducs with
( G l ~ ~ S cbrc)in~g onc of the marc favorcd linlcers for a scFv.
The present disclosure also contcmplatcs a disulfidc stabilized Fv (or diFv
or dsFv), in which a single cysteine rcsidue is introduced into a FK of VII and a FK
5 of VI, and tl~cy stcinc rcsiducs linkcd by a disulfidc bond to yicld a stablc Fv.
Alternatively, or in addition, the present disclosure elicotnpasses a ditneric
scFv, i.e., a protcin comprising two scFv tnolecl~les linkcd by a non-covalcnt or
covalent linkagc, e.8.. by a lcucinc zipper domain (e.g., derivcd from Fos or Jun).
Altcmativcly, two scFvs ale linked by a peptidc linker of sufficiez~t imgth to
10 permit both scFvs to form and to bind to an antigcn, e.g., as described in
US20060263367.
Thc present disclosnre also contemplates a dimeric scFv capablc of
inducing cffector activity. For cxample, one scFv binds to IL-3Rn and compriscs
CDRs at~dlorv ariablc regions dcscribcd hcrcitl and another scFv binds to a ccll
15 sllrface molec~~olen an immunc cell, e.g., a T cell (e.g., CD3 or CD19). In one
example, the dimcric protein is a combination of a dAb and a scFv. Examplcs of
bispecific antibody fiagmcnts capable of il~duci~cigff ector function are described,
for examplc, in US7235641.
20 Other Antibodies flolid Antibodj Fr(~gr?~eol~rs
Thc prcsent disclosurc also contcmplatcs othcr antibodies and alltibody
fragments, such as:
(i) "kcy and holc" bispccificprotcins as described in US5,73 1,168;
(ii) 11cteroco1;jugate proteins, c.g., as dcscribcd in US4,676,')80;
25 (iii) hetemco~~jogatper oteins produced using a che~nicalc ross-linkcr, c.g., as
described in US4,676,980; and
(iv) Fab, (c.g., as dcscribcd in E1'19930302894).
Constant R 'L ~~10'1 1s
30 'The prescnt disclosure encompasses immunoglobulins and antibodies and
antigen binding fragments comprising a constant region of an antibody andlor a Fc
rcg~ono f an antibody.
Sequences of constant rcgions andlor Fc regions useful for producing thc
i~n~nonoglobul~liasn, tibodies or antigcn binding fragments of thc prcscnt
35 disclosure may bc obtairlcd from a nutnher of diffe~enst ourccs. In some examples,
tl~cc onsta~~retg ion, Fc or portion thereof of the i~~imu~~oglobau~lil~ibi,o dyo r
antigen binding fragment is derived from a hornan aitibody. The collstant rcgion,
Fc or portion thereof may be derived from any antibody class, including IgA, IgM,
IgG, IgD, Ig.4 and IgE, and ally antibody isotypc, including IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and
40 lgG4. In one example, the consta~itr egion or Fc is human isotype IgG1 or 11i11nan
isotype IgG2 or liu~na~is?o type IgG3 or a hybrid of any ofthe foregoing.
In onc cxamplc, thc constant rcgion or Fc rcgioti is capablc of i~iduci~aign
cffcctor fi~tictio~iF. or example, the constalit region or Fc region is a human lgGl
or lgG3 Fc region. In aootlier example, the constant rcgion or Fc region is a
hybrid of an lgG1 aud an lgG2 constant region or Fc region or a hybrid of at1 IgGI
atid an IgG3 consta~~retg ion or Fc rcgion or a Iiybrid of an lgG2 and an lgG3
co~~statrict gion or Fc region. Exempla~yh ybrids of liu~iia~Igi Gl and IgG2
co~~stare~giito n or Fc regions are described in Chappel el nl., Proc. Natl Acc~rlS. ci.
USA, 88: 9036-9040, 1991.
Methods for determining whether or not a Fc region can inducc cffcctor
function will be apparctlt to thc skillcd artisan and/or described 11crci11.
Effector Function
Suitably, an anti-1L-3Rn immu~ioglobulin, antibody or a11tige11 binding
fragment of tlie disclosurc has or displays an effector fu~iction that facilitates or
enables at least partial depletion, substantial depletion or elimination of IL-3Ra'.
cells. Such an cffcctor function may be enhanced binding affinity to Fc receptors,
antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dcpcndent cell
mcdiated phagocytosis (ADCP) a~idlor complemc~it dependent cytotoxicity
(CDC).
As will bc apparent to the skilled artisan based 011 the description herein,
somc examplcs of the prescnt disclosurc include an itnmunoglobulin, antibody or
antigen billding fkagmctit capable of inducing cffcctor function.
For tlic IgG class of aatibodics, thcsc cffcctoi' fu~ictio~aisr c govcrncd by
ellgagement of the Fc rcgion with a family of rcceptors rcfcrrcd to as the Fcy
receptors ((FcyRs) which are expressed on a variety of irnrnuue cells and/or wit11
con~plement, c.g., Clq, for ma ti or^ of the FclFcyR complex recruits these cclls to
sitcs of boi~tid antigen, typically resulting in signaling a~id subscquc~it immuuc
responses. Mctliods for optimizing the binding alfinity of the FcyRs to the
antibody Fc rcgio~iin ordcr to eohancc the cffcctor functions, in particular to alter
the ADCC andlor CDC activity rclative to tlie "[)arc~~tF"c region, arc known to
persons skillcd in thc art. Thcsc mcthods can includc ~nodificatioo~f~ t l~cF c
rcgion of thc alltibody to cl~lla~~itsc cin tcractiot~w ith relcva~~Ftc rcccptors and
increase its potential to facilitate ADCC and ADCP. ]i,nl~a~~cemien ~A~DtsC C
activity havc also been dcscribed followi~ig thc modification of the
oligosaccharide covalently attached to lgGl a~itibodicsa t the conserved As11297 in
thc Fc regio~i.
I11 this regard, it will be appreciated that in some lion-limiting examples,
enhancing effector function such as ADCC may be achieved by moditicatio~io f an
immunoglobulir~ or antibody which has a normally glycosylated wild-typc
constant domain, i~icludi~al~tegr atio~o~r removal of glycosylatiol~( see for example
W000161739) andlor ami~io acid sequence mutations (sce for examplc
W02008036688).
111 onc cxamplc, thc irnmunoglobulin, antibody or antigci~b indiiig fraglncnt
binds to IL-3Ra in such a manner that it is calsable of inducing an effector
function, such as, ADCC.
I11 one exatnple, the i~ntniuioglobulin,a ntibody or alrtiget~b inding ftaglnent
binds to an cpitopc w i t l ~ IiL~-~3R a that permits it to inducc all cffcclor functior~,
such as ADCC.
In another example, the irnmunoglobulin, antibody or antigen binding
fragment is capable of binding to IZ.-3Ra on a cell in a mammal to thcrcby inducc
an effector futlction, such as ADCC.
For example, thc inimunoglobulin, atitibody or antigc~l binding frag~ne~~t
remains bound to IL-3Ra on the surface of a cell for a time suff~ciieto indnce an
cffector fuoction, such as ADCC. For example, tllc irnn~unoglobulin or antibody
is not ititcr~ializcdt oo quickly to permit ADCC to be induced.
Alten~atively, or in addition, tl~c immunoglob~ilin, antibody or antigen
binding hgrncl~tis bonntl to tlie IL-3Ra on the surface of the cell in a manner
pe~mittinga n immune effector cell to bind to a constant region or Fc legion in the
immunoglobulin, antibody or antigen binding fragment and induce an effcctor
function, such as ADCC. For example, thc Fc region of thc immunoglobulin,
antibody or antigen binding fragment is exposed in such a lnanucr wlicn the
im~nunoglobulin, antibody or antigen binding fragment is bound to tlic JL-3Rn
that is capablc of interacting with a Fc receptor (e.g., a FcyR) on an immune
effcctor ccll. In tlte context of the present disclosure, thc tcrm "irnmane ei'fcclor
ccll" shall bc understood to Incall ally ccll that cxpresscs a Fc rcccptor and that is
calsablc of killing a ccll to which it is bound by ADCC or ADCP. In onc
cxample, tlie immune effector cell is aNK ccll.
Each of tlie above paragraphs rclating lo effector functions of an
immunoglobulin, antibody or antigcn binding fragmcfit shall bc taken to apply
mutntis nlutcmdis to inducing CDC. For cxamplc, the itnmu~~oglobulina,~ tibody
or antigcn binding fragmcnt is bound to tl~cIL -3Rn on tl~csu rface of thc cell in a
rnarnier pcrrnitting complement component Clq to bind to zt constant rcgion or Fc
rcgion in tlie itnmunoglobulin, antibody or antigcn binding fragment and ir~ducc
CDC.
111 one cxatnplc, the im~~ii~~~ogloabllutilbio~diy, or antigeo binding fragmcnt
is capable of inducing an cnllanced levcl of cffcctor functios.
In one example, the lcvcl or cffector f~~nctioinn duced by thc consVant
rcgion or Fc region is e~~lia~icreeldat ivc to a wild-type constant region or PC rcgion
of an IgGl antibody or a wild-type constant region or Fc region of an lgG3
antibody.
In another example, the constant region or Fc region is modified to increase
the level of effector functio~i it is capablc of inducing compared to the constant
region or Fc rcgion without tlic modification. Such ~nodifications call be at the
amino acid lcvcl and/or thc secondary structural lcvcl andlor thc tcrtialy structi~ral
level andlor to the glycosylation of the co~~stalreitg ion or Fc rcgion.
The skilled addressee will appreciate that grcatcr cffector function may be
manifested in any of a number of ways, for example as a greater level of effect, a
morc sustait~cdc ffcct or a fastcr ratc of cffcct.
For example, the anti-IL3Ru imtnunoglobulin, antibody or antigen
binding fiagnent has or displays an effector function that includes
antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).
In one examl~le,t hc constant rcgioti or Fc region comprises onc or marc
amino acid modificatioss that iticrcasc its ability to induce c~~l~ancceffdc ctor
function. In one cxarnple, the constant region or Fc region binds with greatcr
affinity to onc or morc FcyRs. In one example, the constant region or Fc region
has an affinity for an FcyR that is more than I-fold greater than that of a wild-type
constant region or Fc region or more thari 5-fold greater tlran tlirrt of a wild-type
constant region or Fc region or between 5-fold and 300-fold greater tban that of a
wild-type constant region or Fc region. In one example, the co~istar~e~gito n or Fc
rcgio~l compriscs at least onc amino acid substitution at a position sclectcd from
tlic group colisisting of 230, 233, 234, 235, 239, 240, 243, 264, 266, 272, 274,
275, 276, 278, 302, 318, 324, 325, 326, 328, 330, 332, and 335, numbercd
according to tlic EU indcx of Kabat. In onc cxatnplc, the constant region or Fc
region comprise at lcast ot~c amino acid substitution sclectcd fium thc group
consisting of: P230A, E233D, L234E, L234Y, L2341, L235D, L235S, L235Y,
L2351, S239D, S239E, S239N, S239Q, S239T, V2401, V240M, F243L, V2641,
V264T, V264Y, V2661, E272Y, K274T, K274E, K274R, K274L, K274Y,
F275W, N276L, Y278T, V3021, E318R, S324D, S3241, S324V, N325T, K3261,
K326T, L32XM, 1.3281, L328Q, L328D, IL128V, L328T, A330Y, A330L, A3301,
I332D, 1332E, I332N, 13320, T335D, T3351<, and T335Y, numbcrcd according to
thc EU indcx of Kdbat. In o~ic example, the constant region or Fc region
compriscs amino acid sobstitutions sclccted frotn tile group consisting of V2641,
F243LiV2641, L328M, 1332E, L328M/I332E, V264V1332E, S298A/1332E,
S239E/1332E, S239Q/1332E, S239E, A330Y, 13321), L3281/1332E, L328Q/1332E,
V264T, V2401, V2661, S239D, S239D/I332D, S239DA332E, S239D/1332N,
S239D/1332Q, S239E/1332D, S239E/1332N, S239E/J332Q, S239N/1332D,
S239NiI332E, S239Q/1332D, A330Y11332I5, V261l/A330Y/1332E2 A330L/1332E,
V264VA330L/1332E, L234E, L234Y, L2341, L235D, L235S, L235Y, L2351,
S239'1', V240M, V264Y, A3301, N325T, I2328D/1332E, L328V/1332E,
L328T/1332E, L328111332E, S239E/V2641/1332E, S239Q/V2641/1332E,
S239EN264VA330Y/1332E, S239D/A330YII332E, S239N/A330Y/I332E,
S239D/A330Li1332E, S239N/A330L/1332E, V2641/S298A/1332E,
S239D/S298A/1332E, S239N/S298A/1332E, S239D/V2641/1332E,
S239D/V2641/S298A/1332E, S239D/V2641/A330L/I332E, S239D/1332E/A3301,
P230.4, P230A/E233D/I332E, E272Y, K274T, K274E, K274R, K274L, K274Y,
F275W, N276L, Y278T, V3021, E318R, S324D, S3241, S324V, K3261, K326T,
T335D, T335R, T335Y, V2401iV2661, S239DiA330Y/1332E/L2341,
S239DIA330Y/I332E!L235D, S239D/A330Y/1332EN2401,
S239DiA330Yi1332EIV264T. S239DIA330Y/1332E/K326E, and
S239DiA330Y/1332E/K326T, numbcrcd according to thc EU indcx of Kabat.
In another example, the constant region or Fc region binds to FcyRIlIa
morc efficiently than to FcyRllb. For example, the collstant region or Fc rcgio~i
comprises at least onc amino acid substitutio~i at a position selected from thc
group consisting of: 234, 235, 239, 240, 264, 296, 330, and 1332, numbered
accordi~lg to the EU index of Kabat. In onc examplc, thc coilstant region or Fc
region comprises at least one amino acid si~bstitutio~sel lected fiom the group
consisting of: L234Y, L2341, L2351, S239D, S239E, S239N, S239Q, V240A,
V240M, V2641, V264Y, Y296Q, A330L, A330Y, A3301, 1332D, and 1332E,
numbcrcd according Lo the EU indcx of Kabat. For example, the constant scgion
or Fc region co~nprises amino acid substitr~tions selected from the group
consisting of: 1332E, V2641/1332E, S239E!l332E, S239Q!1332E, Y296Q, A330L,
A330Y, I332D, S239D, S239D/1332E, A330Y/1332E, V2641/A330Y/I332E,
A330Li1332E, \~264YA330L!1332E, L234Y, L2341, L2351, V240A, V240M,
V264Y, A3301, S239D/A3301.J1332E, S239D/S298A/1332E,
S239NIS298Ai1332E. S2391liV2641!1332E, S239D/V2(i4YS298Ail332E, and
S239DIV264I/A3301/1332E, numbcrcd according to thc T:U indcx of Kabat.
In a Further cxamplc, Ll~e constant region or Fc regio~l induces ADCC at a
lcvcl grcatcr than that mcdiatcd by a wild-typc co~lsla~rletg ion or Fc rcgion. For
cxamplc, tl~ec onsta~ltr egion or Fc rcgio~li nduccs ADCC at a level that is morc
than 5-fold or between 5-fold and 1000-fold gwater than that intluccd by a
wild-type constant region or Fc rcgiot~. In one example, the coustdnt region or I'c
rcgion compriscs at lcast onc amino acid substitutio~l at a position sclcctcd from
thc group co~lsisti~logf: 230, 233, 234, 235, 239, 240, 243, 264, 266, 272, 274,
275, 276, 278, 302, 318, 324, 325, 326, 328, 330, 332, and 335, ~iumbcrcd
according to the Ell index of Kabat. In onc example, the constatlt region or Fc
rcgion comprises at lcast onc amino acid sub~titi~tiosc~le~cstc d from tllc gmup
consisting of: P230A, E233D, L234E, 1.234Y, L2341, L235D, L235S, L235Y,
L2351, S239U, S239E, S239N, S239Q, S239T, V2401, V240M, F243L., V2641,
V264T, V264Y, V2661, E272Y, 1<274T, 1<274E, 1<274R, K2741., K274Y,
F275W, N27hl., Y27HT, V3021, E3181<, S324D, S3241, S324V, N325T, K3261,
K326'1', L328M, L3281, L328Q, L328D, L328V, 1.328T, A330Y, A330L, A3301,
I332D, I332E, 1332N, I332Q, T335D, T335R, and T335Y, numbered according to
the EU index of Kabat. In one example, the consldnt region or Fc region
comprises amino acid substitutions selected from the youp consistitig of: V2641,
F243LlV2641, L328M, 1332E, l..32HM/1332E, V2641/1332E, S298A/1332E,
S239E/l332E, S239Q/I332E, S239E, A330Y, I332D, L3281/1332E, L328QA332E,
V264T, V2401, V2661, S239D, S239D/I332D, S239D/1332E, S239D/1332N,
S239D/I332Q, S239E/1332D, S239E/1332N, S239E/1332Q, S239NlI332D,
S239N/1332E, S239Q/1332D, A330Y/1332E, V2641/A330Y/I332E, A330L/I332E,
V264I/A330L/1332E, L234E, L234Y, L2341, L235D, L235S, L235Y, 1-2351,
S239T, V240M, V264Y, A3301, N325'l', L3280/1332E, L328V/1332E,
L3281'/1332E, L328111332E, S239EN2641/1332E, S239Q/V264IiI332E,
S239E/V264I/A330Y/1332E, S239DIA330Y/1332E, S239N/A330Y/I332E,
S239D/A330U1332E, S239N/A330L/1332E, V264IIS298A/1332E,
S239D/S29XA/1332E, S239N/S29XA/T332E, S239DN264111332E.
S239D/V264VS298A/1332E, S239D/V2641/A330L/1332E, S239D/1332E/A3301,
P230A, P230AiE233D/1332E, E272Y, K2741', K2745, K274R, K274L, K274Y,
F275W, N276L, Y278T, V3021, E31XR, S324D, S3241, S324V, K3261, K326T,
T335D, T335R, T335Y, V2401N2661, S239D/A33OY/1332E/L2341,
S239D/A330Y/1332E/L235D, S239D/A33OY/1332E/V2401,
S239DiA330Y/1332E/V264T, S239D/A330Y/1332E/K326E, and
S239D/A330Y/I332E/K326T, ~iumbereda ccording to thc EU i~~doefx K abat.
In o11c cxample, the constant region or Fc region compriscs the following
amino acid substitutiolis S239D/1332E, numbcrcd according to the EU index of
Kabat. This constant region or Fc region has about 14 fold i~lcrcasein affinity for
FcyRIPa co~npared to a wild-type constant region or Fc region and about 3.3
i~lcrcascda bility to induce ADCC coniparcd to a wild-typc constant rcgion or Fc
region. In one example, the constant region comprises a sequcncc set forth
bctwec~i rcsiducs 121-450 (inclusivc) of SEQ 11) NO: I l . In onc cxamplc, thc Fc
region conip~.iscsa scqucncc sct fo~tlbl ctwccn rcsiducs 234-450 of SEQ ID NO:
11.
In one examplc, tlie constalit region or Fc mgioo compl.iscs the following
amino acid substitutio~ls S239D/A330L/1332E, numbered according to the EIJ
index of Kabat. 'This constant icgion or Fc rcgion has about 138 fold itlcrcdsc in
affinity for FcyRIlla cornparcd to a wild-type constant rcgio~o~r I'c region 811d
about 323 incrcascd ability to inducc ADCC compared to a wild-type co~lstal~t
region or Fc rcgion. 111 onc example, tlie consta~itr cgio~c~ot nprises a scquencc
sct for111 bctwccn rcsidues 121-450 (inclusivc) of SEQ ID NO: 12. In o~ic
cxamplc, thc Ec rcgion compriscs a scqucncc sct forth betwcc~rc~s iducs 234-450
of SEQ ID NO: 12.
Additiot~al amino acid substitutions that incrcasc ability of a Fc rcgion to
induce effector function are known in thc art a~ldlor dcsclibcd, for examplc, in
US6737056 or US7317091.
In one examplc, thc glycosylation of the constant rcgio~i or Fc region is
altered to increase its ability to induce eoha~iced effector function. Ill this regard,
native antibodies produced by mammalia~i cells typically comprise a branched,
biantennary oligosacchaside that is generally attaclied by ail N-linkage to As11297
of tlie C1.12 domain of the constant region or Fc region. The oligosaccharidc may
include various carbohydrates, e.g., mannose, N-acetyl glucosaminc (GlcNAc),
galactosc, and sialic acid, as wcll as a fucosc attachcd to a GlcNAc in thc "stcm"
of the bia~itc~inaroyl igosaccharide structure. I11 some cxamplcs, constant regions
or Fc rcgioos according to tlie present disclosure comprise a carbohydrate
structure that lacks fucose attached (directly or indirectly) to at) Fc rcgioti, i.e., the
Fc rcgion is "afucosylatcd". Such varia~itsti ray havc an improvcd ability to itiducc
ADCC. Methods for producing afucosyhtcd a~itibodics includc, cxprcssing thc
i~nmu~ioglobulin or alltibody in a cell line ilicapablc of expressing
a-l,6-fucosyltmsfe~ase (FUTX) (e.g., as described in Yurnane-Olisuki el nl.,
Bio/ccs simplex gD signal).
Exemplary prornotcrs active in n ~ a ~ ~ i ~ ncacllilsa ~inic ludc cytomcgalovirus
immedifktc ci~rly promotcr (CMV-IE), human clongntion factor I-a promotcr
(EFI), small nuclear RNA promoters (Ula and Ulb), a-myosin licavy chain
promoter, Simian virus 40 promoter (SV40), Rous sarcoma virus promoter (RSV),
Adcnovirus major late promotcr, b-actin promotcr; hybrid regulatory clcnlc~it
comprising a CMV enhancer1 I)-actin promoter or an i~~i~nunoglobuolri na ntibody
promoter or active fndgment thereof. Examples of useful mammalian host cell
lines are monkey kidney CV1 line transformed by SV40 (COS-7, ATCC CRL
1651); liu~nale~~ nb~yonkicid ncy line (293 or 293 cclls subcloned for growtli in
suspension culture; baby hamster kidney cclls (BHK, ATCC CCL 10); or Chincsc
ht~mslero viay cells (CHO).
Typical promoters suitable for expression ill yeast cells such as for cxample
a yeas1 cell selected from the goup comprising I'ichic~ r)n.stori.~S, ~lclcchuroa7j'ces
cc!rc?vi,tiiie antl S. ponibe, i~rclode, but are 1101 linrilcd to, the ADHI ])romotcr, the
GAL1 promoter, the GAL4 promoter, the CUP1 promoter, the pH05 promoter,
the nntr promoter, the RPRl promoter, or the TEFI promoter.
Means for introducing the isolated nucleic acid or cxprcssion construct
comprising same into a cell for expression are known to those skilled in the art.
The technique used for a given cell depends on the known successful techniques.
Means for introducing recombinant DNA into cells include ~nicroinjection,
tratisfcction ~nediatcd by DEAE-dcxtrai, ttransfcction mcdiatcd by liposonics such
as by using lipofectamine (Gibco, MD, USA) andlor ccllfectin (Gibco, MD,
USA), PEG-mediated DNA uptake, electroportation and microphrticle
bombardment sucll as by using DNA-coated tungsten or gold particles (Agracetus
5 Inc., WI, USA) amongst othcrs.
Tlle Ilost cells uscd to produce the itnmu~ioglobuliti or antibody nray be
culturcd in a varicty of media, depending on tlie cell type used. Coni~nerc?ally
available media such as I-lam's F10 (Sigma), Minimal Essential Medium ((MEM),
(Sigma), RPMI-1640 (Sigma), and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium
10 ((DMEM), Sigma) are suitable for culturing mammalian cells. Media for culturing
other cell types discussed hcreiti are known in the art.
Isolation of Protcins
.Methods for purifying an irnrnunoglobulin or alltibody are known in the art
15 andlor described herein.
Wherc an immut~oglobulin or antibody is sccretcd into the medium,
supernatants from such expression systems can be filst concentrated using a
commercially available protein co~icentration filter, for example, an Amicon or
Millipore Pellicon ultrafiltratioll unit. A protease inhibitor such as PMSF may be
20 included in any of the foregoing steps to inliibit 1)roteolysis and antibiotics nlay be
included to prevent the yowtli of adventitious contaminants.
The immunoglobulin or antibody prepared From tlic cells can bc purified
using, for cxample, ion cxchangc, liydroxyapatitc cl~romatogwpliy, hydrophobic
interaction chromatography, gcl clcctropliorcsis, dialysis, affinity climmatography
25 (e.g., proteio A affinity chromatography or protein G clirou~atography), or ally
combination of thc foregoing. Thcsc mcthods arc known in the art and described,
for cxamplc in W090157134 or Ed IIarIow and David Lnnc (editors) Antibodies:
A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Ilsrbour Labort~tory(, 1 988).
Tllc skillcd artisan will also bc aware that an immunoglobulin or antibody
30 call bc modified to include a tag to facilitate purification or detection, e.g., a
poly-llistidinc tag, c.g., a hcxa-histidinc tag, or a influenza virus hemtigglutini~i
(HA) tag, or a Simian Virus 5 (V5) tag, or a FLAG tag, or a glutathione
S-traasfcrasc (GST) tag. Thc resulting i~iimunoglobulin or inltibody is then
purified using mctliods known in tllc art, such as, affinity purification. For
35 example, an imniunoglobulin or antibody comprising a hexa-his tag is poriiied by
contacting a samplc comlxising tlie ininiunoglobuliil or ~ntibody with
nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) that specifically binds a hexa-his tag
ini~nobilized on a solid or setni-solid support, washing the satnple to removc
unbound immunoglobulin, and subsequently eluting thc bound immunoglobulin.
40 Alternatively, or in addition a ligand or antibody that binds to a tag is used it1 an
affinity purification mcthod.
111 onc cxample, thc initnunoglobulin or aitibody also llas a proteasc
clcavagc sitc, such as for Factor X, or Thrombin, which allow thc rclcvwnt
protcasc to partially digcst the immuiloglobulin or antibody and thereby liberate
the immunoglobulin or antibody from tile tag. The liberated antibody or
imtnunoglobuli~l can then bc isolated from the fx~sion partner by subscqucnt
5 cl~romatographicsc pamtion.
Assaying Activity of an Im~nu~~oglobulin
lmmunoglobuli~~osr antibodics of the disclosure are readily screcned for
biological activity, e.g., as described bclow.
10
Bindi~A~ss ays
One fo~mo fsucll a11 assay is an antigel] bindingassay, c.g., as described in
Scopes (117: Protein purification: principles and practicc, Third Edition, Spriilger
Verlag, 1994). Such a mcthod ge~lerally i~lvolves labcling the immunoglobulin
15 or antibody aild contacting it with itnnlobilized antigen. Following washing to
removc non-spccific bound protein, the amount of label and, as a consequence,
bound protein is detected. Of coursc, the immunoglobulin or antibody call lbc
immobilized and the antigen labclcd. I'anning-typc assays, e.g., as dcscribcd or
exemplificd herein call also be used.
20
Dctcrmininrr. Neutralization
In somc cxatnplcs of tllc prcscm disclosure, arr immunoglobulin or
antibody is cal~ablco f neutralizing IL-3 signaling.
Va~.ious assays arc known in the art for asscssi~lg thc ability of an
25 immunoglobulin to neutralize signaling of a ligand through a receptor.
In one cxamplc, the immunoglobulin or alltibody rcduces or prevents IL-3
binding to thc 3Rn chain andlor a hctcrodimcr oflL-31scsencc
of an initnunoglobulin or alltibody and an i~iduccro f tliosc cclls that occurs in a
disease or condition (c.g., CpG oligonucleotides andlor immunc coniplcxes).
'l'lic efficacy of tlie immunoglobulin or antibody in treating the disease or
condition is tlicn asscssed, c.g., by determiniiig tlie level oflFNa sccrctcd into cell
culturc mcdium using a11 ELISA. Altc~wativcly or in addition tl~c lcvcl of
histaniine sccmtioa or 1L-4, IL-0 andlor 1L-I3 secretion is assessed. A reduction
in tlic lcvcl of any of these cytoki~~ccso mpared to it1 tlic abscncc of
immunoglobulin or antibody (or in tlic preseiice of an isotypc control
immunoglobulin or antibody) indicates that the immunoglobulin or alltibody is
suitable for trcating tlic discasc or condition. Altclnativcly, or in addition, tllc
lcvcl of ccll dcatli is assessed. An increase in cell death is i~~dicativocf an
i~n~nu~ioglobuolri nan tibody suitable for treating thc disease or conditioci.
lri i'ii~o Assyj~.s
hi one example, tlie efficacy of a11 iin~nu~loglobulitno lrcat a disease or
condition is assessed using an in vivo assay.
hi one example, a xcnotra~ispla~itatiomno del of a cancer is used to assess
therapeutic efficacy. For example, NODISCID mice are irradiated and optioi~ally
treated with anti-CD122 antibody to deplete NK cells. Hurna~i leukemic cells
(e.g., acute myeloid leukemia cells) and mouse or human bone marrow stem cells
arc adnii~listcrcdt o thc micc. Followi~igc cll cngraftmcnt, a tcst immunoglobulin
or antibody is administcrcd lo thc micc and the level of Icukemic cclls in
circulation andlor bone marrow a~tdiorly rnpll nodes is assessed. A reduction in
the number of lcukcmic cells in circulatioti andlor bone marrow and/or Lympli
nodcs in tlic prcsclicc of tllc alltibody or immunoglobulia comyarcd to in thc
absencc of tllc aritibody or immunoglobulin itidicates therapeutic efficacy.
In another example, the immunoglobulin or atitibody is adminisicred to a
non-human animal (e.g., a oon-human primate) and tlic number/level of immune
cells, e.g., pDCs and/or basopl~ils, in circulation is assessed. An
irnmu~loglobulio~r ~a ntibody that reduces the numbedlevel of immune cclls, c.g.,
pDCs and/or basophils compared to p~iorto administration andlor ill a control
mammal to which thc in?munoglobulin or antibody has not bccn administercd is
considcrcd suitable for treating the disease or condition.
In arlotller example, the level of a cytokine, such as lFNa is detected in the
circulatioti of a mammal, e.g., using ail ELISA. An immunoglobulin or alltibody
that reduces the level of the cytokinc compared to the level prior to admitlist~atio~~
andior in a control mammal to which tlie immu~ioglobulin or antibody has not
been administered is cotlsidered suitable for treating the discase or condition.
Since cytokines such as IFNO. are considered to play a mle in solnc
diseasesiconditio~is, e.g., lupus, an immunoglobulin or alltibody that rcduccs IFNn
production is considered to be suitable for treating such conditions.
Co~nposilions
Suitably, in coml~ositionso r methods for ndmiaistratiotr of tlie anti-1L-3Rtx.
imtnunoglobulin or antibody to a mammal, the immu~ioglobuli~oir antibody is
cornbi~icdw ith a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, dilue~ita ~idlore xcipie~it,a s
is undcrstood in thc art. Accosdingly, one cxatnplc of thc prcscnt disclosusc
providcs a pharmaceutical composition co~iiprisi~lgtli e immunoglobulin or
antibody of tile disclosure combincd with a pharmaceutically acceptable carriel;
diluetlt atidior excipicnt. I11 another example, tlic disclosure provides a ltit
cotliprisi~lga plsannaccutically acccptablc carricr, dilucnt atldlor cxcipicnt suitablc
for combining or ~iiixing with thc i~ii~ii~tnoglobuolir~ ia ntibody prior to
administration to the mammal. I11 tliis example, the kit nay further comprisc
instructions for use.
In general terms, by "carrier, dilucnt or cxcipicnt" is lncatlt a solid or
liquid filler, bi~~detrl,il uent, encapsulating substance, crnolsificr, wctting aycllt,
solvent, sospendittg agent, coating or lubrica~it hat may be safcly ad~ninistercdt o
any mammal, e.g., a huma~lD. epeading upon the particular routc of administration,
a variety of acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients, know11 in thc art may be
used, as for example described in Remi~igton's Pharmaceutical Scie~lces (Mack
Publishing Co. N.J. USA, 1991).
By way of exarnple only, the carriers, diluetits 01. cxcipie~lls may be
sclcctcd fiom a group including sugars (c.g. sucrosc, maltosc, trchalosc, glucose),
starches, ccllnlosc and its dcrivativcs, malt, gelatinc, talc, calci~i~surr lphatc, oils
inclusive of vcgctablc oils, synthctic oil5 and synthct~c mono- or di-glycerides,
lowcr alcohols, polyols, alginic acid, phosphate buffcred bolutions, lubricants such
5 as sodium or n~agncsiunl stcaratc, isotonic salinc and pyrogcn-ficc watcr. For
cxanplc, the carricr, dilucnt or cxcipicnt is colnpatiblc with, or suitable for,
parentera1 administration. Parenteral administration includes any route of
administration that is not through the alimentary canal. Non-limiting examples of
parcnte~al admillistration include injection, infi~sion and the like. By way of
10 example, ad~ninistratio~b~y injection includes int~-nvenous, intra-arterial,
intlamoscular and subcutaneous injection. Also contemplated is dclivcry by a
dcpot or slow-rcleasc formulation which may bc dclivercd intradcr~nally,
intramuscularly and subcutaneously, for cxample.
15 Combinatio~T~h erapies
h~ one cxarnplc, thc immunoglobulin or antibody of the disclosure is
administered in combi~~atiowni th another compound or therapeutic treatment
useful for treating a disease or condition.
In onc example, the imtnunoglobulin or antibody is ad~ninistcrcdp rior to,
20 c.g., one month or one fortnight or one week prior to radiation thcrapy, c.g., for
the treatment of canccr, such as a Lcmiltologic canccr, such as leukemia.
111 one uxarl~l~lLclr,e othcr cornpound ih a cl~crnotl~eracl~ony~ [~ounsdu,c 11 as
ceboplatin, cisplatin, cyclopl~ospl~amidc,d occtaxal, doxorubicin, crlotinib,
ctol)osidc, fluorouracil, irinotccan, mcthotrcxatc, paclitaxel, topotccan, vincristinc
25 or vinblastinc. In one examplc, the chemotherapy compound is selected fiom thc
group consisting of mcthotrexatc, I-asparaginasc, vincristine, doxorubicin,
danorubicin, cytarabinc, idarubicin, mitoxantronc, cyclopl~ospl~a~~fl~uiddacra, binc,
chloramb~~caiul d co~nbinationsth crcoL
In one example, the other compound is a cl~emotl~erdpcyo tnpouod used in
30 the trcat~ncnt of acute leukemia, sucll as, a compound selected from the group
consisting of mcthotrcxatc, I-aspar:iginasc, vincristi~~dco, xorubicin, danorubicin,
cytambinc, idarobici~l,m itoxantronc and combinations thcrcof.
In onc cxnmplc, thc otl~ccr ompound is a chcmothcnrpy compound uscd in
the twatmcnt of acute lympl~oblasticl eukcmia, such as, a compound sclccted fiom
35 thc group consisting of mcthotrcxatc, I-asl~araginasc, vincristinc, doxorubicin,
danorubicio and combinations thcrcof.
In a further example, the other cotnpound is a cl~emotherapy co~npound
such as azacytidine.
In one examplc, the other compound is a biologic useful for treating a
40 canccr, c.g., rituximab, trastuzumab, bcvacizumab, alemtuzumab, panitumumab,
or cetuximab
In one example, the othcr compound is an anti-inflamtnatory compound.
Altcmativcly, or additionally, thc otllcr compou~~ids a11 immu~~osupprcssant.
Alternatively, or additionally, the othcr compound is a corticosteroid, such as
prcdnisone andlor prednisolone. Alternatively, or additionally, the other
compou~ld is an antimalat-ial compound, such as l~ydroxycl~loroqui~or~ c
chloroquininc. Altcmativcly, or additionally, thc othcr co~npou~~isd
methotrexate. Altcmativcly, or additionally, the other cornpourtd is azathioprine.
Alternatively, or additionally, the other compound is cyclopl~ospha~nide.
Alternatively, or additiotlally, the other compound is mycophenolate mofetil.
Altematively, or additionally, the other compound is an anti-CD20 alltibody (e.g.,
rituximab or ofatumumab). Alter~rativelyo, r additionally, the othcr compou~ldis
an anti-CD22 antibody (e.g., cpratuzumab). Alternatively, or additionally, the
othcr compound is an anti-TNF antibody (c.g., infliximab or adalimumab or
golimumab). Altematively, or additionally, the other compound is a CTLA-4
antagonist (e.g., abatacept, CTLA4-lg). Alternatively, or additionally, the other
compound is an anti-IL-6 a~~tibody. Alternatively, or additionally, thc other
compound is a BLys antagonist, sucll as an anti-BLys antibody (e.g., belimumab).
Dosages and Titning of Ad~ni~listration
For the prevention or twatment of a disease or condition or relapse
thereof, the appropriate dosage of an active agent (LC., an i~~l~llu~loglobour li~l
antibody of the disclosure), will depend on the type of disease to be treatcd, the
scvcrity and course of thc discasc, whctl~cr the immunoglobulin or antibody is
administered for prcvcntive or thcra])cutic pu~l~oscpsr,e vious therapy, thc patient's
clinical history and rcsponsc to thc im~nunoglobulin, and the discretion of the
attending physician. The particular dosage regimen, i.e., dose, timing, and
repetition, will dcpct~d on the particular individual and that individual's medical
history as asscsscd by a physician. Typically, a clinician will administer an
i~n~nu~loglobuut~lit~ial~ d osage is reachcd that achieves tl~ed esired result.
Metl~ods of thc prcscnt disclosure arc uscf111 for treating, ameliorating or
pwventing thc symptoms of diseases or conditions in a mammal, or for improving
the prognosis o f a mammal. Mctl~odso f tllc prcscnt disclosurc arc also uscful for
dclaying development of or prcvc~~tinlugp us in an individual at risk of dcvclopit~g
lupus or a relapse thereof.
For administration oftl~cim ~nunoglobulinso r antibodies described herein,
tlor~nald osage anloutlts may valy froln about 101lglkgu p to about 100mglkg of an
individual's body wcight or more per day. Exe~nplaryd osages at~dra nges tllcrcof
are described herein. For repeated administrations over several days or longer,
dcpe~ldi~l0g1 1 the severity of the disease or disorder to be treated, the treatment
can be sustained until a desired suppression of symptoms is achieved.
In sonle exatnples, the i~nmulloglobulino r antibody is administered at an
initial (or loading) dose of between about 11ndkg to about 30mdkg, snch as from
about lmglkg to about IOmglkg, or about 21nglkg or about 3mglkg or 41nykg or
5mgikg. Thc immunoglobulin or alltibody can thcli bc admi~iistcrcd at a
mainte~la~icdeo se of between about 0.0001nigikg to about Imgkg, such as from
about 0.0005mg/kg to about imgikg, for example, from about 0.001mgikg to
about lmgikg, such as about O.Olmg/kg to about Imgikg, for examplc from about
0,Olmgkg to about O.lmgikg, sucli as about 0.02mglkg or 0.03nig/kg or
O.041ngkg or 0.051ngikg. The maintenance doses luay be administcrcd every
7-30 days, such as, evc~y 10-15 days, for example, evcly 10 or 1 l or 12 or 13 or
14 or 15 days.
In some cxamples, tlic inimu~ioglobuliti or antibody is administered at a
dosc of bctwcc~i about 0.0001mgikg to about 50rng/kg, such as betweell about
0.0005mg/kg to about 50mg'kg, for example, between about 0.0Olmgikg to about
40rng/kg, for cxample, betwcer~ about 0.005mgikg to about 30mgikg, such as
betweell about 0.Olmgikg to about 20mgikg. For example, the immunoglobulin
is admitiistered at a dose of betwee11 about 0.0imgikg to about IOmgikg, sucli as
from about 0.0lmgkg to about lingikg, such as about 0.02mgikg or 0.03mgikg or
0.04mgikg or 0.05mg/kg or 0.06mgikg or 0.07mgikg or 0.0Xmgikg or 0.09mgikg
or 0.1mdkg or 0.2mgikg or 0.3mgikg or 0.4mgikg or O.5mgikg or 0.61ngkg or
O.7mgikg or 0.8mgikg or 0.9mgikg (c.g., without a higher loading dose). In
some cxamples, nulnerous doses are administered, c.g., evcry 7-30 days, such as,
cvery 10-22 days, for example, cvery 10-15 days, for example, every 10 or 1 l or
12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or20or21 or 22 days. Fo~.cxamplc,
tlic itnmunoglobulit~ or alltibody is administcrcd evcty 7 days or cvcry 14 days or
cvc~y21 days.
In some cx;iml)les, the immunoglobulin or antibody is administcrcd at a
dose of between about Imgikg to about 30mg/kg, sucl~ as from about Imgikg to
about lomgikg, or about 2mgikg or about 3mgikg or 4mgikg or Smgikg, or such
as from about l0mg/kg to 30mg/kg, sucli as about lOmgikg or 15 mgikg or
201iig/kg or 25mg/kg (e.g., without a lowcr mdintcnancc dosc). la some
cxamplcs, numerous doscs arc adtninistcrcd, e.g., cvcry 10-70 days, such as evcry
14-70 days, such as, cvery 14-60 days, for examplc, cvcry 14-50 tlays, such as
cvcry 14-40 days, or cvcry 14-30 days. For cxarnplc thc doscs arc administcrcd
cvcly 14 or 21 or 25 or 28 or 35 or 40 or 42 or 49 or 50 or 55 or 57 or 63 or 70
days. For example, the imtnunoglobuli~o~r antibody is administcrcd cvcry 21
days or every 28 days or eve~y3 5 days or cvcry 42 days or cvcry 49 days or cvery
56 tlays.
111 so~rlcc xamplcs, tlic itnmneoglobuli~io r antibody causcs or is associafcd
with a rcductio~i of NK cells in a mammal following administration, e.g., within
about 6 hours of administration. 111 some examples, a further dosc of thc
immunoglobulin or antibody is administcrcd whcn thc ~iumbcr of NK cells in a
~natntnarl eturns to within 20% or 1O0/u or 5% or 1% of the number of NK cells ill
the mammal prior to administration. 111 some cxamples, a furthcr dose of the
immu~ioglobulin or antibody is a