DESC:RELATED APPLICATION

Benefit is claimed to Indian Provisional Application No. 201821047479 titled "HYDROGEN FUEL CELL STACK" by KPIT Technologies Limited, filed on 14th December 2018, which is herein incorporated in its entirety by reference for all purposes.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to fuel cell stacks, and more particularly relates to a hydrogen fuel cell comprising cathode bipolar plates having an array of dome shaped springs which effectively utilizes air and also manages heat, water and pressure for effective generation of electric current.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Nowadays, fuel cells are being used as a power source for many applications. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell (hydrogen fuel cell) is one of such fuel cells. Hydrogen fuel cell stacks are commonly configured having a plurality of hydrogen fuel cell elements in a stacked configuration. Each of the conventional fuel cell element includes flow fields arranged in a manner that hydrogen and air are kept in a laminar flow on respective sides of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Since the flow fields are arranged in the laminar flow, air just passes through the flow fields without diffusing through a gas diffusion layer of the MEA and hence, affects stoichiometry of the conventional hydrogen fuel cell. To have effective chemical reaction with hydrogen, the air should diffuse through the MEA.

The conventional fuel cells do not have any supporting mechanism to increase pressure and pass the air towards the GDL and strike catalyst coated membrane (CCM) of the MEA. The conventional fuel cells further require a complex external arrangement or enhanced design on the stamped bipolar plates to maintain uniform pressure on the GDL and the MEA. Further the conventional fuel cells lack heat management. Also, the conventional hydrogen fuel cells do not have any specific design/mechanism to condense the returning air and drain out condensed water generated during the chemical reaction. Hence, the conventional hydrogen fuel cell is inefficient.

Therefore, there is a need for a hydrogen fuel cell which not only effectively utilizes air but also manages heat, pressure and water for effective generation of electric current.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the foregoing, various embodiments herein provide a hydrogen fuel cell stack. In one aspect, an embodiment herein provides a hydrogen fuel cell. The hydrogen fuel cell comprises an anode bipolar plate with a first flow field providing a path for hydrogen (H2) to pass underneath the anode bipolar plate; a cathode bipolar plate with a second flow field of an array of dome shaped springs with an eccentric hole on top of every array of dome; and a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) positioned between the anode bipolar plate and the cathode bipolar plate. The array of dome shaped springs converts the flow of air from a laminar flow to a turbulence flow to direct the air upwards and diffuse through the membrane electrode assembly (MEA).

In one embodiment, the MEA comprises a catalyst coated membrane (CCM) and a plurality of gas diffusion layer. The catalyst coated membrane (CCM) comprises a plurality of platinum carbon coated layers with different compositions to break the hydrogen (H2) into protons and electrons at an anode side. The plurality of gas diffusion layer (GDL) is positioned on either side of the CCM. The plurality of GDL is adapted to effectively supply oxygen (O2) from a cathode side to the MEA. The MEA is adapted to provide mobility to the protons alone from the anode side to pass through the MEA and react with the oxygen (O2) to form water. The electrons collected at the anode side enables flow of the electric current.

In another embodiment, the anode bipolar plate further comprises an anode cooling channel which is the other side of the first flow field. The anode cooling channel is adapted to cool the anode bipolar plate through external cooling.

In yet another embodiment, the array of dome shaped springs comprises at least one of or a combination of (a) frustum of circular cone shaped springs, (b) frustum of triangular cone shaped springs, (c) frustum of hexagonal cone shaped springs and (d) frustum of pentagon cone shaped springs.

In yet another embodiment, each spring of the array of dome shaped springs is adapted to function as an individual spring for maintaining uniform pressure on the MEA and adjoining anode bipolar plate.

In yet another embodiment, the eccentric hole at the top of each spring provides a passage for the air and excess water vapor returning from the MEA to be condensed and flushed out through a plurality of air exit channels in order to achieve optimum water management.

In yet another embodiment, each spring has an increasing diameter base adapted to enable the returning air and excess water vapor to undergo a swirl flow, generating a centrifugal force due to which the air strikes the side walls of each spring. The swirl flow is due to the passage of the returning air and the excess water vapor from high pressure area to low pressure area.

In yet another embodiment, the side walls of each spring absorbs the latent heat from the returning air and the excess water vapor due to which there is a difference in temperature between the anode bipolar plate and the cathode bipolar plate.

In yet another embodiment, the MEA is adapted to maintain the water at gaseous state due to the difference in temperature between the anode bipolar plate and the cathode bipolar plate in order to optimize the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen.

In yet another embodiment, a heat gradient due to the difference in temperature between the anode bipolar plate and the cathode bipolar plate, and a gas pressure gradient due to the turbulence flow of the air, pushes the air and generated water vapor towards the CCM for hydrating the CCM to achieve optimum pressure management.

In yet another embodiment, the optimum water management and the optimum pressure management results in the flow of electric current of a high density.

In another aspect, an embodiment herein provides a hydrogen fuel cell stack for generation of electric current. The hydrogen fuel cell stack comprises one or more hydrogen fuel cells positioned parallelly with an anode cathode partition plate in between two successive hydrogen fuel cells of the one or more hydrogen fuel cells. Each hydrogen fuel cell comprises an anode bipolar plate with a first flow field providing a path for hydrogen (H2) to pass underneath the anode bipolar plate; a cathode bipolar plate with a second flow field of an array of dome shaped springs with an eccentric hole on top of every array of dome; and a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) positioned between the anode bipolar plate and the cathode bipolar plate. The array of dome shaped springs converts the flow of air from a laminar flow to a turbulence flow in order to direct the air upwards and diffuse through the membrane electrode assembly (MEA).

In one embodiment, the MEA comprises a catalyst coated membrane (CCM) and a plurality of gas diffusion layer (GDL). The catalyst coated membrane (CCM) comprises a plurality of platinum carbon coated layers with different compositions to break the hydrogen (H2) into protons and electrons at an anode side. The plurality of gas diffusion layer (GDL) is positioned on either side of the CCM. The plurality of GDL is adapted to effectively supply oxygen (O2) from a cathode side to the MEA. The MEA being adapted to provide mobility to the protons alone from the anode side to pass through the MEA and react with the oxygen (O2) to form water. The electrons collected at the anode side enables flow of the electric current.

In yet another aspect, an embodiment herein provides a method of generation of electric current. The method comprises providing a path for hydrogen (H2) to pass underneath an anode bipolar plate through a first flow field; allowing air to pass over a cathode bipolar plate through a second flow field; converting flow of air from a laminar flow to a turbulence flow, by an array of dome shaped springs with an eccentric hole on top of every array of dome, in order to direct the air upwards and diffuse through a membrane electrode assembly (MEA); breaking the hydrogen (H2) into protons and electrons at an anode side by passing through a catalyst coated membrane (CCM), the catalyst coated membrane (CCM) comprising a plurality of platinum carbon coated layers with different compositions; supplying oxygen (O2) from a cathode side to the MEA through a plurality of gas diffusion layers (GDL); and providing mobility to the protons alone from the anode side to pass through the MEA and react with the oxygen (O2) to form water, thereby the electrons collected at the anode side enables flow of the electric current.

The hydrogen fuel cell stack disclosed herein effectively utilizes air to generate electric current. Further, the hydrogen fuel cell stack effectively performs heat management, pressure management and water management to facilitate chemical reaction, thereby, providing a higher current density. The hydrogen fuel cell stack performs heat management, pressure management and water management without any external mechanism or arrangement involved thereby achieving a compact fuel cell stack. Further, the hydrogen fuel cell stack utilizes the array of dome shaped springs to maintain similar pressure over member components of the hydrogen fuel cell irrespective of the unevenness in the surface of the hydrogen fuel cell. The hydrogen fuel cell stack achieves lower stoichiometry on the air side (i.e. the cathode bipolar side) due to maximum utilization of the air resulting in lower air compressor requirement ratings. Further, the hydrogen fuel cell stack flushes out the water generated regularly, thereby reducing the need of humidifiers. The hydrogen fuel cell stack, utilizing its unique design and functions, produces and manages the heat, thereby reducing the need of external heating. Further, the hydrogen fuel cell stack allows the fuel cell plates to be scaled up to a large size due to a unique localized pressure management design and parallel flows. The present invention further employs a cost effective circular simple O-ring sealing to enhance the reliability and consistency in sealing.

The foregoing has outlined, in general, the various aspects of the invention and is to serve as an aid to better understand the more complete detailed description which is to follow. In reference to such, there is to be a clear understanding that the present invention is not limited to the method or application of use described and illustrated herein. It is intended that any other advantages and objects of the present invention that become apparent or obvious from the detailed description or illustrations contained herein are within the scope of the present invention.

Other features of the embodiments will be apparent from the accompanying drawings and from the detailed description that follows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS

The other objects, features and advantages will occur to those skilled in the art from the following description of the preferred embodiment and the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a hydrogen fuel cell stack that effectively utilizes air and generates electric current, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating different types of array of dome shaped springs for effective utilization of air, according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an array of dome shaped springs maintaining uniform pressure over the MEA and the adjoining anode bipolar plate, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an array of dome shaped springs converting the flow of air from the laminar flow to the turbulence flow, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating passage of the air and the excess water vapor from the MEA through the one or more eccentric holes to be condensed and flushed out, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 6a and 6b are schematic top view and bottom view of the array of dome shaped springs respectively, illustrating transfer of heat from the MEA to the cathode bipolar plate, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 7 illustrates a flow diagram illustrating the method of generation of electric current, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Various embodiments of the present invention herein provide a hydrogen fuel cell stack. In the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which are shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims.

The specification may refer to “an”, “one” or “some” embodiment(s) in several locations. This does not necessarily imply that each such reference is to the same embodiment(s), or that the feature only applies to a single embodiment. Single features of different embodiments may also be combined to provide other embodiments.

As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless expressly stated otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “includes”, “comprises”, “including” and/or “comprising” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations and arrangements of one or more of the associated listed items.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

The embodiments herein and the various features and advantages details thereof are explained more fully with reference to the non-limiting embodiments that are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and detailed in the following description. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein can be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a hydrogen fuel cell stack 100, according to an embodiment of the present invention. According to Figure 1, the hydrogen fuel cell stack 100 comprises one or more hydrogen fuel cells. The one or more hydrogen fuel cells are arranged in a stacked configuration (i.e. the one or more hydrogen fuel cells are placed parallel) with an anode cathode partition plate 104 positioned between each adjacent hydrogen fuel cells of the one or more hydrogen fuel cells. In one embodiment, the anode cathode partition plate 104 is a stainless-steel anode cathode partition plate. In another embodiment, the anode cathode partition plate 104 is positioned between a cathode bipolar plate 106 of one hydrogen fuel cell and an anode bipolar plate 102A of the adjacent hydrogen fuel cell.

Each hydrogen fuel cell comprises an anode bipolar plate 102, a cathode bipolar plate 106 and a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) 108. The anode bipolar plate 102 comprises a first flow field 112 and an anode cooling channel 110. The first flow field 112 provides a path for hydrogen (H2) to pass underneath the anode bipolar plate 102 and strike the MEA 108. The anode cooling channel 110, which is the other side of the first flow field 112, is adapted to cool the anode bipolar plate 102 through external cooling. The anode bipolar plate 102 is cooled to achieve difference in temperature between the anode bipolar plate 102 and the cathode bipolar plate 106.

The cathode bipolar plate 106 comprises a second flow field of an array of dome shaped springs 114 with an eccentric hole 116 at top of every dome shaped spring. In an embodiment, the array of dome shaped springs 114 is constructed by stamping the cathode bipolar plate 106. Each spring of the array of dome shaped springs 114 functions as an individual spring to maintain uniform pressure over the MEA 108 and the adjoining anode bipolar plate. The MEA 108 is positioned between the anode bipolar plate 102 and the cathode bipolar plate 106. The MEA 108 comprises a plurality of gas diffusion layer (GDL) and at least two catalyst coated membrane (CCM). In one embodiment, the CCM includes nafion membranes held in between them. In another embodiment, the CCM includes a plurality of platinum carbon coated layer with different compositions. In yet another embodiment, the plurality of GDL is a fine carbon fiber mesh.

Hydrogen (H2) has naturally the tendency to pass through the plurality of GDL and the CCM without any external pressure required, while the air (O2) requires external pressure to be applied to pass through the plurality of GDL and the CCM. The array of dome shaped springs 114 at cathode side provides the external pressure required by converting flow of air from a laminar flow to a turbulence flow (as illustrated in Figure 4), thereby providing a gas pressure gradient to utilize the air effectively to react with H2.

The plurality of platinum carbon coated layer with different compositions breaks the hydrogen (H2) into protons and electrons at an anode side. The plurality of GDL, positioned on either side of the CCM, effectively supplies the air (O2) from the cathode side to the MEA 108. The MEA 108 provides mobility to the protons alone from the anode side to pass through the MEA 108 and react with the O2 to form water. The electrons left at the anode side enables flow of the electric current.

The MEA 108 maintains the water at gaseous state (i.e. water vapor) to optimize the chemical reaction of the hydrogen and the oxygen. The water formed is maintained at the gaseous state due to a heat gradient achieved by the difference in temperature between the anode bipolar plate 102 and the cathode bipolar plate 106. The one or more eccentric holes 116A-N provides a passage to the air returning from the MEA 108. The air, returning from the MEA, carries the excess water vapor from the MEA. The one or more eccentric holes 116A-N provides passage to air and the excess water vapor to get condensed and flushed out through a plurality of air exit channels 118A-N.

Each spring has a base with an increasing diameter which enables the returning air and the excess water vapor to undergo a swirl flow, generating a centrifugal force due to which the air strikes the side walls of each spring. The swirl flow, which leads to condensation, is due to the passage of the returning air and the excess water vapor from high pressure area (i.e. the MEA 108 and the one or more eccentric holes 116A-N) to low pressure area (i.e. the base with the increasing diameter). The side walls of each spring absorb the latent heat from the air and the excess water vapor and enables them to get condensed. The absorbed latent heat increases the temperature of the cathode bipolar plate 106 which in turn further contributes to the difference in temperature between the anode bipolar plate 102 and the cathode bipolar plate 106. The condensation and flushing out of the condensed water through the plurality of air exit channels 118A-N leads to achieve optimum water management. The plurality of air exit channels 118 in the array of dome shaped springs 114 are interconnected to flush out the condensed water regularly to further optimize the chemical reaction. Each hydrogen fuel cell also includes a circular simple O-ring sealing to enhance the reliability and consistency in sealing.

The heat gradient is due to the difference in temperature between the anode bipolar plate 102 and the cathode bipolar plate 106. The gas pressure gradient is due to the turbulence flow of the air. The heat gradient and the gas pressure gradient achieved pushes the air and generated water vapor towards the CCM for hydrating the CCM to achieve optimum pressure management. The optimum water management and the optimum pressure management results in the flow of electric current of a high density.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating different types of array of dome shaped springs 114 for effective utilization of air, according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. The array of dome shaped springs 114 comprises at least one of or a combination of (a) frustum of circular cone shaped springs (as depicted in Figure 2(a)), (b) frustum of triangular cone shaped springs (as depicted in Figure 2(b)), (c) frustum of hexagonal cone shaped springs (as depicted in Figure 2(c)) and (d) frustum of pentagon cone shaped springs or combination of the above. The cross section of the frustum of circular cone shaped springs is depicted in Figure 2(d).

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an array of dome shaped springs 114 maintaining uniform pressure over the MEA 108 and the adjoining anode bipolar plate, according to an embodiment of the present invention. According to Figure 3 (a), the array of dome shaped springs 114 upon providing load (e.g. clamping force) undergoes maximum deflection. Each spring of the array of dome shaped springs 114 functions as an individual spring to manage uniform pressure for different deflections and defy irregularities or unevenness on member components of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 100. A graph illustrating variation between the force applied (e.g. load) and the deflection is depicted in Figure 3(b) which illustrates an exemplary deflection undergone by the array of dome shaped springs 114 for respective forces applied. The design of the array of dome shaped springs 114 enables them to provide unique localized pressure.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an array of dome shaped springs 114 converting the flow of air from the laminar flow 402 to the turbulence flow 404, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The air, entering the hydrogen fuel cell in the laminar flow 402, strikes the array of dome shaped springs 114 and gets converted to the turbulence flow 404. The turbulence flow 404 deflects the air towards left, right and upward direction. As there is no space between the array of dome shaped springs 114, the air moving towards the left and right also moves upwards. The turbulence flow 404 pressurizes the air to strike the plurality of GDL and the CCM. The air that strikes at a lower diameter area of each spring also undergoes second turbulence and moves towards upward direction and strikes the plurality of GDL and the CCM, thereby utilizing the air effectively. The air, after striking the plurality of GDL and the CCM, carries the excess water vapor from the MEA 108 and returns through the one or more eccentric holes 116A-N to undergo condensation.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating passage of the air and the excess water vapor from the MEA 108 through the one or more eccentric holes 116A-N to be condensed and flushed out, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The air upon striking the plurality of GDL and the CCM returns through the one or more eccentric holes 116A-N. The air while returning from the MEA 108 carries the excess water vapor from the MEA 108. The air along with the excess water vapor upon entering through one or more eccentric holes 116A-N undergoes swirl flow due to the movement of air from high pressure area (i.e. the MEA 108) to low pressure area (i.e. the cathode bipolar plate 106). The swirl flow generates a centrifugal force due to which the air and the excess water vapor strikes the side walls of each spring. The air and the excess water vapor provide its latent heat to the side walls of the cathode bipolar plate 106, thereby increasing the temperature at the cathode bipolar plate 106. The air and the excess water vapor after providing its latent heat to the side walls get condensed to water inside the plurality of air exit channels 118A-N. The condensed water is then flushed out regularly through the plurality of air exit channels 118A-N to achieve effective chemical reaction.

Figure 6a and 6b are schematic top view and bottom view of the array of dome shaped springs 114 respectively, illustrating transfer of heat from the MEA 108 to the cathode bipolar plate 106, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The array of dome shaped springs 114 converts the laminar flow 402 of the air to the turbulence flow 404 as described in Figure 4 (depicted in Figure 6a). The air and the excess water vapor while entering the plurality of the eccentric holes 116A-N from the MEA 108 transfers its latent heat to the cathode bipolar plate 106 (as depicted in 602). The air and the excess water vapor upon entering through the one or more eccentric holes 116A-N undergoes swirl flow due to the movement of air from high pressure area (i.e. the MEA 108) to low pressure area (i.e. the base with increasing diameter). The swirl flow generates a centrifugal force due to which the air along with the excess water vapor strikes the side walls of each spring. The air and the excess water vapor while striking the side walls, provide its latent heat to the side walls (as depicted in 602), thereby increasing the temperature at the cathode bipolar plate 106. The difference in temperature between the anode bipolar plate (102) and the cathode bipolar plate (106) leads to the heat gradient, which in turn achieves optimum heat management.

Figure 7 illustrates a flow diagram illustrating the method of generation of electric current, according to an embodiment of the present invention. At step 702, a path is provided for hydrogen (H2) to pass underneath the anode bipolar plate 102 through the first flow field 112. At step 704, air passes over the cathode bipolar plate 106 through the second flow field. At step 706, the flow of air is converted from the laminar flow 402 to the turbulence flow 404, by the array of dome shaped springs 114 with the eccentric hole 116 on top of every spring, in order to direct the air upwards and diffuse through the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) 108. At step 708, the hydrogen (H2) is split into protons and electrons at the anode side by passing through the catalyst coated membrane (CCM). At step 710, oxygen (O2) is supplied from the cathode side to the MEA 108 through the plurality of gas diffusion layers (GDL). At step 712, mobility to the protons is provided from the anode side to pass through the MEA 108 and react with the oxygen (O2) to form water. The electrons collected at the anode side enables flow of the electric current. In an embodiment, the catalyst coated membrane (CCM) includes a plurality of platinum carbon coated layers with different compositions.

The hydrogen fuel cell stack disclosed herein effectively utilizes air to generate electric current. Further, the hydrogen fuel cell stack effectively performs heat management, pressure management and water management to facilitate chemical reaction, thereby, providing a higher current density. The hydrogen fuel cell stack performs heat management, pressure management and water management without any external mechanism or arrangement involved thereby achieving a compact fuel cell stack. Further, the hydrogen fuel cell stack utilizes the array of dome shaped springs to maintain similar pressure over member components of the hydrogen fuel cell irrespective of the unevenness in the surface of the hydrogen fuel cell. The hydrogen fuel cell stack achieves lower stoichiometry on the air side (i.e. the cathode bipolar side) due to maximum utilization of the air resulting in lower air compressor requirement ratings. Further, the hydrogen fuel cell stack flushes out the water generated regularly, thereby reducing the need of humidifiers. The hydrogen fuel cell stack, utilizing its unique design and functions, produces and manages the heat, thereby reducing the need of external heating. Further, the hydrogen fuel cell stack allows the fuel cell plates to be scaled up to a large size due to a unique localized pressure management design and parallel flows. The present invention further employs a cost effective circular simple O-ring sealing to enhance the reliability and consistency in sealing.

While the specification has been described in detail with respect to specific embodiments of the invention, it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art, upon attaining an understanding of the foregoing, may readily conceive of alterations to, variations of, and equivalents to these embodiments. These and other modifications and variations to the present invention may be practiced by those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the foregoing description is by way of example only and is not intended to limit the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present subject matter covers such modifications and variations.
,CLAIMS:We claim:
1. A hydrogen fuel cell for generation of electric current, comprising:
an anode bipolar plate with a first flow field providing a path for hydrogen (H2) to pass underneath the anode bipolar plate;
a cathode bipolar plate with a second flow field of an array of dome shaped springs with an eccentric hole on top of every array of dome; and
a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) positioned between the anode bipolar plate and the cathode bipolar plate,
the array of dome shaped springs converts the flow of air from a laminar flow to a turbulence flow in order to direct the air upwards and diffuse through the membrane electrode assembly (MEA).

2. The hydrogen fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the MEA comprises:
a Catalyst Coated Membrane (CCM) comprising a plurality of platinum carbon coated layers with different compositions to break the hydrogen (H2) into protons and electrons at an anode side; and
a plurality of gas diffusion layer (GDL) positioned on either side of the CCM, wherein the plurality of GDL adapted to effectively supply oxygen (O2) from a cathode side to the MEA,
wherein the MEA being adapted to provide mobility to the protons alone from the anode side to pass through the MEA and react with the oxygen (O2) to form water,
wherein the electrons collected at the anode side enables flow of the electric current.

3. The hydrogen fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anode bipolar plate further comprises:
an anode cooling channel, which is the other side of the first flow field, adapted to cool the anode bipolar plate through external cooling.

4. The hydrogen fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the array of dome shaped springs comprises at least one of or a combination of (a) frustum of circular cone shaped springs, (b) frustum of triangular cone shaped springs, (c) frustum of hexagonal cone shaped springs and (d) frustum of pentagon cone shaped springs.

5. The hydrogen fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein each spring of the array of dome shaped springs is adapted to function as an individual spring for maintaining uniform pressure on the MEA and adjoining anode bipolar plate.

6. The hydrogen fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the eccentric hole at the top of each spring provides a passage for the air and excess water vapor returning from the MEA to be condensed and flushed out through a plurality of air exit channels in order to achieve optimum water management.

7. The hydrogen fuel cell as claimed in claim 6, wherein each spring has an increasing diameter base adapted to enable the returning air and excess water vapor to undergo a swirl flow, generating a centrifugal force due to which the air strikes the side walls of each spring, wherein,
the swirl flow is due to the passage of the returning air and the excess water vapor from high pressure area to low pressure area.

8. The hydrogen fuel cell as claimed in claim 7, wherein the side walls of each spring absorbs the latent heat from the returning air and the excess water vapor due to which there is a difference in temperature between the anode bipolar plate and the cathode bipolar plate.

9. The hydrogen fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the MEA is adapted to maintain the water at gaseous state due to the difference in temperature between the anode bipolar plate and the cathode bipolar plate in order to optimize the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen.

10. The hydrogen fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 and 9, wherein a heat gradient due to the difference in temperature between the anode bipolar plate and the cathode bipolar plate, and a gas pressure gradient due to the turbulence flow of the air, pushes the air and generated water vapor towards the CCM for hydrating the CCM to achieve optimum pressure management.

11. The hydrogen fuel cell as claimed in claim 6 and 10, wherein, the optimum water management and the optimum pressure management results in the flow of electric current of a high density.

12. A hydrogen fuel cell stack for generation of electric current, the hydrogen fuel cell stack comprising:
one or more hydrogen fuel cells positioned parallelly with an anode cathode partition plate in between two successive hydrogen fuel cells of the one or more hydrogen fuel cells, wherein each hydrogen fuel cell comprises
an anode bipolar plate with a first flow field providing a path for hydrogen (H2) to pass underneath the anode bipolar plate;
a cathode bipolar plate with a second flow field of an array of dome shaped springs with an eccentric hole on top of every array of dome; and
a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) positioned between the anode bipolar plate and the cathode bipolar plate,
the array of dome shaped springs converts the flow of air from a laminar flow to a turbulence flow in order to direct the air upwards and diffuse through the membrane electrode assembly (MEA).

13. The hydrogen fuel cell stack as claimed in claim 12, wherein the MEA comprises:
a Catalyst Coated Membrane (CCM) comprising a plurality of platinum carbon coated layers with different compositions to break the hydrogen (H2) into protons and electrons at an anode side; and
a plurality of gas diffusion layer (GDL) positioned on either side of the CCM, wherein the plurality of GDL adapted to effectively supply oxygen (O2) from a cathode side to the MEA,
wherein the MEA being adapted to provide mobility to the protons alone from the anode side to pass through the MEA and react with the oxygen (O2) to form water,
wherein the electrons collected at the anode side enables flow of the electric current.

14. A method of generation of electric current, the method comprising:
providing a path for hydrogen (H2) to pass underneath an anode bipolar plate through a first flow field;
allowing air to pass over a cathode bipolar plate through a second flow field;
converting flow of air from a laminar flow to a turbulence flow, by an array of dome shaped springs with an eccentric hole on top of every array of dome, in order to direct the air upwards and diffuse through a membrane electrode assembly (MEA);
breaking the hydrogen (H2) into protons and electrons at an anode side by passing through a catalyst coated membrane (CCM), the catalyst coated membrane (CCM) comprising a plurality of platinum carbon coated layers with different compositions;
supplying oxygen (O2) from a cathode side to the MEA through a plurality of gas diffusion layers (GDL); and
providing mobility to the protons alone from the anode side to pass through the MEA and react with the oxygen (O2) to form water,
thereby the electrons collected at the anode side enables flow of the electric current.