FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
AND
THE PATENT RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See Section 10; rule 13)
"Improved Solvent System"
We, UNITED PHOSPHORUS LIMITED,
a company incorporated under the Companies Act,
1956 and having its corporate office Uniphos House,
11th Road, C. D Marg, Khar (West),
Mumbai - 400 052,
State of Maharashtra
INDIA
The following specification particularly describes the nature of this invention and the manner in which it is to be performed:-

Improved solvent system Field of the invention:
The present invention relates generally to an improved solvent for agrochemical compositions. The present invention also relates to an agrochemical composition comprising an improved solvent.
Background of the invention:
There has been a continuous need in the art for a solvent for improved emulsion stability and storage stability of agrochemical compositions at lower dosages of a surfactant. This invention relates to agrochemical compositions which are storage stable and have emulsion stability even at a low dosage of a surfactant.
The most commonly-used solvents in agrochemical compositions are organic solvents. Solvents usually have a low boiling point and evaporate easily or can be removed by distillation, leaving the dissolved substance behind. Solvents are usually clear and colorless liquids and many have a characteristic odor.
The low vapor pressure of traditional solvents generally makes them hazardous because these solvents evaporate easily into the air exposing the factory workers to inhalation hazards. Additionally, some solvents add to damage of the earth's atmosphere as they eventually oxidize and create carbon dioxide, a green house gas with potential impact on global warming.
Most organic solvents have a lower density than water, which means they are lighter and will form a separate layer on top of water. Further, most organic solvents are flammable or highly flammable, depending on their volatility. Mixtures of solvent vapors and air can explode. Solvent vapors are heavier than air, they will sink to the bottom and can travel large distances nearly undiluted. Many solvents can lead to a sudden loss of consciousness if inhaled in large amounts.

A major pathway leading to adverse health effects arises from spills or leaks of solvents that reach the underlying soil. Since solvents readily migrate substantial distances, the creation of widespread soil contamination is not uncommon. This is particularly a health risk if aquifers are contaminated. Some solvents including chloroform and benzene are carcinogenic. Many others can damage internal organs like the liver, the kidneys, or the brain.
In agrochemical formulations, the organic solvents are usually present in the smaller and/or greater amount depending upon the type of formulation and agrochemicals. The use of routine organic solvents poses problems while using, manufacturing, storing, transporting the solvents and the products comprising them.
In general, agrochemical formulations especially liquid form comprises either inorganic or organic solvents. Most of the known organic solvents known in the art are non¬biodegradable and highly flammable. Organic solvents- based agrochemical formulations generally use a solvent that is preferably water-immiscible to dissolve the active component completely and produces a clear homogenous liquid free from extraneous matter. Alternatively, organic solvents typically have a low flash point, are non¬biodegradable, cause skin irritation and possess medium or high evaporation rate etc., but provide a clear homogenous liquid. The known agrochemical compositions further include at least a surfactant wherein the performance and dosage of the included surfactant is based on the active content and solvent in the formulation, type of active ingredient, and solubility of the active ingredient in the solvent and the required emulsion performance of the final product. In many cases, the emulsion performance shown by organic solvent can be superior to that of inorganic solvents. However, certain challenges exist with solvent usage because the solvent used are non-biodegradable and also require a large quantity of the surfactant to emulsify the formulation during dilution, prior to the application on crops. With organic solvents, during manufacturing, packing, storage, transport and use the risk of skin irritation, non biodegradability, fire hazard, air and soil pollution exists.

As inorganic -solvent based formulations have typically provided a quality of emulsion that are generally inferior to organic solvents based formulations, there has been increased interest in improving the emulsion quality resulting from the use of green solvent based formulations. One problem associated with emulsion quality and efficacy during complete shelf life of the product based on inorganic solvents and organic solvents is related to their solubility with active ingredient and dosage of surfactant. To avoid the problems associated with emulsion stability and efficacy, the surfactants are used in higher strength or dosage at the time of manufacturing, resulting in wastage of surfactants and increased environmental concerns as some surfactants are known to be toxic to animals or can increase the diffusion of other environmental contaminants.
One method of improving the emulsion stability and efficacy that is known in the prior art is to increase the surfactant dosage. However, increasing the surfactant also tends to increase the cost of product, leads to a wastage of surfactants, affects the product's viscosity, persistent foam, residual effect on the environment, soil and other quality related issues like pourability and measurement. Further, this strategy does not work when the formulation strength is low or very high or solubility of active agent in the solvent is varying. Thus, nozzle clogging, damage, choking, eroding etc. is also a problem in the agrochemical formulations. As such, it is desirable to provide agrochemical formulations that maintain good emulsion stability when prepared with reduced surfactant dosage resulting from selection and optimization of surfactants and solvent. It is also desirable to provide agrochemical formulations that perform well in tap water, as well as in systems of field water. Accordingly, there exists a continuous need in the art to provide a solvent system for agrochemical compositions that is biodegradable, environmentally and biologically safe and is non-inflammable.
Moreover, the regulatory bodies around the world are now considering the public disclosure of all pesticide inert ingredients including the solvents. These regulatory bodies are making it mandatory to identify all the inert ingredients including solvents etc. on the product label. Thus, a formulation which substantially reduces or completely eliminates the need of an organic solvent to be present within the formulation and also reduces the presence of a surfactant or a co-surfactant and is thus completely

biodegradable would be a highly desirable formulation from a regulatory and customer acceptance point of view.
The solid or low melting liquid pesticides are converted into Emulsion Concentrates (EC) formulation by dissolving the pesticide in an organic solvent and then adding surfactants or emulsifiers so that the concentrate formulation provides a stable emulsion when diluted with water for spraying in the field. Because of the use of organic solvents, these formulations possess high mammalian toxicity and health and handling hazards during manufacturing, transportation and application. The organic solvents which are used for the preparation of EC formulation are volatile in nature and therefore cause irritation to eyes during application in the field.
Hitherto, efforts have been made to replace the non-biodegradable, hazardous organic solvents used in agrochemical compositions, particularly in liquid EC formulations by biodegradable, eco-friendly green solvents although such a need has not been satisfactorily resolved. Accordingly, there is a need in the art for an agrochemical formulation that is devoid of an organic solvent or that includes an organic in minimum required quantities. The present invention described herein provides such an agrochemical formulation.
It is generally desirable to prepare formulations of toxic agrochemicals having minimum volatility to reduce the incidence of off-site injury in order to avoid any unintended pesticidal activity. The volatility of agrochemical formulations is known to cause various off-site unintended injuries. Thus, it is another challenge in the art to prepare storage stable formulations of agrochemicals having a substantially reduced volatility without compromising the other desirable properties of the formulation.
The stability of an emulsion can be indirectly measured by testing the turbidity of the formed emulsion and monitoring its variation with the passage of time. The turbidity of an emulsion is usually measured using a nephelometer, which has a detector set up to a side of the light beam. It has been seen that if there are a lot of small particles present in the emulsion which are responsible for scattering the light beam, more light reaches the

light detector included within the nephelometer. A thicker emulsion, which is more preferred by a user or a farmer, has more suspended particles which contribute to the turbidity reading. An increase in the percentage of particles suspended in the emulsion in contrast to the particles settled at the bottom of the container is also expected to enhance the efficacy of the pesticide towards its intended activity by ensuring an uniform application of the pesticide. Therefore, a higher turbidity reading signifies an improved emulsion. It is therefore a challenge before a skilled formulator to prepare agrochemical formulations having significantly improved or higher turbidity readings than the turbidity readings of a formulation comprising a conventional organic solvent.
More importantly, in an unstable emulsion wherein the suspended particles tend to coalesce and settle at the bottom of the container with the passage of time, contribute less to the turbidity reading. Thus, an emulsion in which the suspended particles settle quickly with the passage of time and thus do not contribute to the turbidity readings with the passage of time denotes an unstable emulsion, which is clearly undesirable. Accordingly, the stability of an emulsion can be measured using a calibrated nephelometer, which measures the turbidity of a formulation in terms of the nephelometric turbidity units or NTU. It is therefore another challenge in the art to prepare an agrochemical formulation which is storage stable i.e. wherein the particles do not coalesce and settle upon storage. In an ideal scenario, the challenge before a skilled formulator is to prepare an agrochemical formulation which produces a minimal variation in the NTU readings measured with a calibrated nephelometer with the passage of time.
Biodiesel is a liquid which varies in color — between golden and dark brown — depending on the production feedstock. Biodiesel - motor fuel derived from vegetable oil - is a renewable alternative to rapidly depleting fossil fuels. It is biodegradable and non-toxic. The process typically employed in the art for the production of biodiesel comprises treating a triglyceride with an alcohol (ethanol and preferably methanol) to produce biodiesel and glycerol. The produced glycerol is low value and crude and its disposal presents a growing economic and environmental problem. This glycerol fraction is conventionally referred to as "biodegradable waste solvent", which term is used

throughout the specification to denote the crude glycerol fraction generated from the transesterification of vegetable oils to biodiesel, unless otherwise indicated.
There is a further need in the art to provide an agrochemical formulation that is storage stable i.e. which does not separate or sediment on prolonged storage and which has reduced flammability in comparison to the formulations comprising a conventional organic solvent.
Thus, there exists a need in the art for an improved solvent that overcomes the disadvantages of the conventional solvents used for preparing agrochemical formulations. These and other advantages may be realized by reference to the remaining portions of the specification, claims and abstract.
Objects of the Invention:
The various embodiments of the present invention may, but do not necessarily, achieve one or more of the following advantages and/or objects:
An object of the present invention is to provide a solvent for agrochemical compositions which improves the stability of the agrochemical compositions.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a solvent for agrochemical compositions which eliminates or significantly reduces the level of a surfactant required in such agrochemical compositions.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a solvent for agrochemical compositions which provides an environmentally clean, renewable and biodegradable alternative to conventional solvents.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a solvent for agrochemical compositions which eliminates or significantly reduces the use of an organic solvent in agrochemical compositions.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a biodegradable agrochemical composition.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved agrochemical formulation having significantly higher turbidity readings than the turbidity readings of a formulation comprising a conventional organic solvent.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an agrochemical composition wherein the agrochemical particles do not coalesce or settle thus producing a minimal variation or reduction in the turbidity readings measured with a calibrated nephelometer with the passage of time.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an agrochemical composition which does not suffer from layer separation or sedimentation even after a prolonged storage.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a storage stable agrochemical formulation which possesses a higher flash point and is consequently less susceptible to fire hazards than a formulation comprising a conventional organic solvent.
These and the other advantages may be realized by reference to the remaining portions of the specification, claims and abstract.
Summary of the invention:
An improved solvent for an agrochemical composition, said improved solvent comprising: (a) biodiesel waste solvent; and (b) optionally at least another solvent.
An improved agrochemical composition comprising (a) at least one agrochemical; and (b) biodiesel waste solvent.
A method for improving at least one predetermined property of an agrochemical composition, said method comprising including within said agrochemical composition an effective amount of biodiesel waste solvent optionally in combination with at least another solvent, wherein said improved predetermined property comprises at least one

property associated with the composition and selected from increased emulsifiability, increased emulsion stability, biodegradability, reduced susceptibility to fire hazard, controlled release of the agrochemical, increased particle size of the active ingredient and enhanced efficacy of the agrochemical.
Additional features and advantages of the proposed invention will be apparent from the detailed description that follows, which illustrates by way of example, the most preferred features of the proposed invention which are not to be Construed as limiting the scope of the invention described herein.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment(s):
It has been surprisingly found that the biodiesel waste Solvent generated as the glycerol traction from the transesteriffcation of vegetable oils to biodiesel provides an improved emulsion stability and storage stability to agrochemical Compositions. It has further been surprisingly found that the biodiesel waste solvent provides an unexpected improvement in the emulsion stability of the emulsifiable agrochemical formulations comprising an agrochemical or mixtures thereof.
Thus, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an agrochemical composition comprising: (a) at least one agrochemical active ingredient; and (b) biodiesel
waste solvent.
It has further been found that the biodiesel waste solvent optionally in combination with at least one other organic solvent improves the emulsion stability and the storage stability of the agrochemical compositions. The presence of at least one other organic solvent is not mandatory, although when present, the amount of such organic solvent is substantially reduced in comparion to the amount of organic solvent required in a conventional agrochemical formulation.
Thus, in one embodiment, the agrochemical compositions according to the present invention are substantially free of an organic solvent. In another embodiment, the

agrochemical compositions according to the present invention comprise a reduced amount of at least another organic solvent.
It has further been found that the biodiesel waste solvent itself possesses appreciable surfactant properties. Accordingly, an agrochemical composition according to the present invention, comprising an agrochemical along with biodiesel waste solvent is substantially free or includes a reduced amount of a surfactant.
Accordingly, the compositions according to the present invention being substantially free of or comprising a reduced amount of at least another organic solvent or a surfactant are biodegradable and environmentally clean.
Therefore, in another aspect, the present invention provides a solvent system for agrochemical compositions, said solvent system comprising (a) at least another solvent; and (b) biodiesel waste solvent.
In yet another aspect, the present invention provides an agricultural composition comprising (a) at least one agrochemical active ingredient; and (b) a solvent system.
The term "substantially free of at least another solvent or a surfactant shall be understood to mean that the at least another solvent or surfactant cannot be detected in the compositions using conventional techniques or that the at least another solvent and surfactant are present in trace quantities only. It shall be understood to mean that the maximum presence of said at least another solvent or surfactant, when the compositions according to an embodiment of the present invention is substantially free of them, shall be less than 3%. Preferably, in such an embodiment, the amount of said at least another solvent or surfactant shall be less than 1%, still more preferably less than 0.1% in such formulations according to the present invention.
Unless otherwise indicated, the term "biodiesel waste-solvent" as used herein denotes the crude glycerol fraction generated from the transesterification of vegetable oils to biodiesel.

The biodiesel waste solvent of the present invention typically includes one or more of glycerin; methyl esters; alcohols; mono-, di- and tri-glycerides; free fatty acids, triglyceride esters and combinations thereof.
The preferred process for the preparation of biodiesel is described hereinafter, which is otherwise known to a person skilled in the art and is not a part of the present invention.
Biodiesel is defined as a fuel comprising mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats. A "mono-alkyl ester" is the product of the reaction of a straight chain alcohol, such as methanol or ethanol, with a fat or oil (triglyceride) to form glycerol (glycerin) and the esters of long chain fatty acids.
Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is known that the preparation of biodiesel occurs via the following reaction pathway:

Therefore, an alkyl ester (preferably an ethyl ester) reacts with an alcohol (preferably methanol) to form another ester (preferably a methyl ester) and an alcohol (preferably ethanol) in a process which is conventionally known as transesterification.

Conventionally, the preferred alcohol for producing biodiesel is methanol though other alcohols are not excluded. Preferably, the above transesterfication reaction may be carried out in the presence of a catalyst. The catalysts preferably used in the transesterification reaction are bases, which are preferably inorganic bases. In most preferred embodiments, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium or potassium hydroxide may be conveniently used.
The transesterification reaction herein described affords two phases wherein the first phase comprises predominantly of methyl esters (biodiesel phase) while the remaining phase (by-product phase) comprises predominantly of glycerol, which is the biodiesel waste solvent of the present invention.
In a preferred embodiment, the biodiesel waste solvent of the present invention comprises the by-product phase of the transesterification reaction described hereinabove. Thus, the biodiesel waste solvent according to the present invention typically comprises glycerol, mono-glycerides, diglycerides and traces of methanol, ethanol and catalyst.
In a preferred embodiment, the waste solvent generated as a by-product during the transesterification of vegetable oil, which is found suitable for the present invention comprises glycerol (40-50%), methyl ester (40-45%), alcohol (0.2-1%), mono-, di- and tri- glycerides (1.5-3%), free fatty acid (1-20%), triglyceride ester (0.1-0.2%) and water (0.1 - 0.3%).
The process for the preparation of the biodiesel waste solvent of the present invention includes processes known in the art for the preparation of biodiesel per se and may further include the step of refining the glycerol by-product to obtain the biodiesel waste solvent of the present invention. The known processes for the preparation of biodiesel are batch reaction systems, continuous stirred tank reactors for plug flow reaction systems, acid catalyzed direct esterification process, fixed bed base catalyzed reactor systems and super critical processes. All of these known processes result in a reaction mixture comprising the ester phase i.e. biodiesel and the glycerol phase i.e. the biodiesel waste solvent.

The known method for separating biodiesel waste solvent of the present invention from the biodiesel fraction includes decanting, centrifuging and hydrocycloning.
The glycerol fraction is typically purified by a sequence of steps including chemical refining, physical refining and purification.
The known methods for chemically refining includes neutralizing the catalyst used in the transesterification, coagulating the soaps produced with aluminum sulfate or ferric chloride and bleaching the resulting glycerol using activated carbon or clay.
The known physical refining methods include removal of fatty or precipitated solids by filtration or centrifugation and removal of water by evaporation.
The final purification of the glycerol stream may be carried out by vacuum distilling glycerol with steam injection which is followed by activated carbon bleaching. Alternately, the glycerol stream may be ion exchange purified. In this method, the glycerol stream is first diluted with soft water to prepare a glycerol-water solution, ion-exchanging the resultant solution using cation, anion or mixed bed exchangers and vacuum distilling or flash drying the resultant solution to obtain refined glycerol fraction, which is the biodiesel waste solvent of the present invention.
In another embodiment, the agrochemical composition of the present invention may include an anti-oxidant. Several such anti-oxidants are known in the art. According to the present invention, anti-oxidants may preferably be selected from butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, propylgallate and mono-t-butylhydroquinone.
Preferably, the starting material which is a source of triglyceride may be selected from vegetable oil, animal fats and recycled grease.
The preferred animal fats which may be used as a source of triglyceride are edible tallow, inedible tallow, other varieties of tallow, lard, white grease, yellow grease, poultry fats and fish oils.

The preferred vegetable oils which are also suitable as a source of triglycerides are soy, corn, canola, sunflower, rapeseed and cottonseed. The preferred recycled greases are used cooking oils and restaurant frying oils.
However, it should be understood that the source of the triglyceride is not limiting and may also be derived from other oils, fats and recycled oils such as mustard, palm, cocnut, peanut, sesame and safflower oils, trap greases and oils produced from algae, fungi, bacteria, molds and yeast.
The preferred alcohol used for the preparation of biodiesel and its by-product biodiesel waste solvent is selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and butanol.
Preferably; the agrochemical may be a virucide, bactericide, nematicide, algaecide, fungicide, herbicide, safeners, plant activators, growth regulators, molluscicides, insect attractants, insect repellents, insecticides, acaricides, piscicides, avicides, bird repellents, rodenticides, mammal repellents, mating disrupters, synergists, antifeedants, chemosterilants and other miscellaneous other active ingredients or combinations thereof.
A preferred agrochemical may be a virucide and may be selected from imanin and ribavirin or combinations thereof.
Another preferred agrochemical may be a bactericide and may be selected from bronopol, copper hydroxide, cresol, dichlorophen, dipyrithione, dodicin, fenaminosulf, formaldehyde, hydrargaphen, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, kasugamycin, nitrapyrin, octhilinone, oxolinic acid, oxytetracycline, probenazole, streptomycin, tecloftalam and thiomersal or combinations thereof.
The preferred agrochemical may be a nematicide and may be an antibiotic nematicide such as abamectin; a carbamate nematicide selected from benomyl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, cloethocarb; an oxime carbamate nematicide selected from alanycarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb and oxamyl; an organophosphorus nematicides selected from diamidafos, fenamiphos, fosthietan and phosphamidon; an organothiophosphate nematicide selected from cadusafos, chlorpyrifos, dichlofenthion, dimethoate,

ethoprophos, fensulfothion, fosthiazate, heterophos, isamidofos, isazofos, mecarphon, phorate, phosphocarb, terbufos, thionazin, triazophos; an unclassified nematicide selected from acetoprole, benclothiaz, chloropicrin, dazomet, DBCP, DCIP, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichloropropene, furfural, iodomethane, metam, methyl bromide, methyl isothiocyanate and xylenols or combinations thereof.
The preferred agrochemical may also be an algicide and may be selected from bromine compound, bethoxazin, copper sulfate, cybutryne, dichlon, dichlorophen, endothal, fentin, hydrated lime, quinoclamine, qainonamid and simazine or combinations thereof.
In a further preferred embodiment, the agrochemical is a fungicide and may be an aliphatic nitrogen fungicide selected from butylamine, cymoxanil, dodicin, dodine, guazatine, iminoctadine; an amide fungicide selected from carpropamid, chloraniformethan, cyazofamid, cyflufenamid, diclocymet, ethaboxam, fenoxanil, flumetover, furametpyr, penthiopyrad, prochloraz, quinazamid, silthiofam and triforine; an acylamino acid fungicide selected from benalaxyl, furalaxyl, metalaxyl and pefurazoate; a benzamide fungicide selected from benzohydroxamic acid, fluopicolide, tioxymid, trichlamide, zarilamid and zoxamide; a furamide fungicide selected from cyclafuramid and furmecyclox; a phenylsulfamide fungicide selected from dichlofluanid and tolylfluanid; a valinamide fungicide selected from benthiavalicarb and iprovalicarb; an anilide fungicides selected from benalaxyl, boscalid, carboxin, fenhexamid, metalaxyl, metsulfovax, ofurace, oxadixyl, oxycarboxin, pyracarbolid, thifluzamide and tiadinil; a benzanilide fungicide selected from benodanil, flutolanil, mebenil, mepronil, salicylanilide and tecloftalam; a furanilide fungicide selected from fenfuram, furalaxyl, furcarbanil and methfuroxam; a sulfonanilide fungicide such as flusulfamide; an antibiotic fungicide selected from aureofungin, blasticidin-S, cycloheximide, griseofulvin, kasugamycin, natamycin, polyoxins, polyoxorim, streptomycin and validamycin; a strobilurin fungicide selected from azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin; an aromatic fungicide selected from biphenyl, chlorodinitronaphthalene, chloroneb, chlorothalonil, cresol and dicloran; a chlorobenzole such as hexachlorobenzene, pentachloronitrobenzene, pentachlorophenol, quintozene,

sodium pentachlorophenoxide, tecnazene and tribromophenol; a benzimidazole fungicide selected from benomyl, carbendazim, chlorfenazole, cypendazole, debacarb, fuberidazole, mecarbinzid, rabenzazole and thiabendazole; a benzimidazole precursor fungicide selected from furophanate, thiophanate and thiophanate-methyl; a benzothiazole fungicide selected from bentaluron, chlobenthiazone and TCMTB; a bridged diphenyl fungicide selected from bithionol, dichlorophen and diphenylamine; a carbamate fungicide selected from benthiavalicarb, furophanate, iprovalicarb, propamocarb, thiophanate and thiophanate-methyl; a benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide selected from benomyl, carbendazim, cypendazole, debacarb and mecarbinzid; a carbanilate fungicide such as diethofencarb; a conazole fungicide selected from imidazoles such as climbazole, clotrimazole, imazalil, oxpoconazole, prochloraz and triflumizole; a triazole fungicide such as azaconazole, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazol, difenoconazole, diniconazole, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, quinconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole and uniconazole; a copper fungicide such as Bordeaux mixture, Burgundy mixture, Cheshunt mixture, copper acetate, copper carbonate, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oleate, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, copper sulfate, copper zinc chromate, cufraneb, cuprobam, cuprous oxide, mancopper and oxine copper; a dicarboxamide fungicide selected from famoxadone and fluoroimide; a dichlorophenyl dicarboximide fungicide selected from chlozolinate, dichlozoline, iprodione, isovaledione, myclozolin, procymidone and vinclozolin; a phthalimide fungicide selected from captafol, captan, ditalimfos, folpet and thiochlorfenphim; a dinitrophenol fungicides selected from binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap-4, dinocap-6, dinocton, dinopenton, dinosulfon, dinoterbon, DNOC, p-nonyl-dinitrophenol and dinitrophenyl-nonyl-butyrate, a dithiocarbamate fungicide selected from ferbam, ziram, mancozeb, maneb, zineb, nabam, thiram, propineb, azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, metam, tecoram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper, metiram, polycarbamate and propineb; an imidazole fungicide selected from cyazofamid, fenamidone, fenapanil, glyodin, iprodione, isovaledione, pefurazoate and triazoxide; an

inorganic fungicide selected from potassium azide, potassium thiocyanate and sodium azide; a sulfur fungicide selected from sulphur powder, wettable sulphur and lime sulphur; a mercury fungicide selected from mercuric chloride, mercuric oxide, mercurous chloride, agrosan, ceresin, semesan, perrugen, (3-ethoxypropyl)mercury bromide, ethylmercury acetate, ethylmercury bromide, ethylmercury chloride, ethylmercury 2,3-dihydroxypropyl mercaptide, ethylmercury phosphate, ethylmercury sulfate, N-(ethylmercury)-p-toluenesulphonanilide, hydrargaphen, 2-methoxyethylmercury chloride, methylmercury benzoate, methylmercury dicyandiamide, methylmercury pentachlorophenoxide, 8-phenylmercurioxyquinoline, phenylmercuriurea, phenylmercury acetate, phenylmercury chloride, phenylmercury derivative of pyrocatechol, phenylmercury nitrate, phenylmercury salicylate, thiomersal and tolylmercury acetate; a morpholine fungicide selected from aldimorph, benzamorf, carbamorph, dimethomorph, dodemorph, fenpropimorph, flumorph and tridemorph; an organophosphorus fungicide selected from ampropylfos, ditalimfos, edifenphos, fosetyl, hexylthiofos, iprobenfos, phosdiphen, pyrazophos, tolclofos-methyl, triamiphos and tri-o-tolyl phosphate; an organotin fungicide selected from decafentin, fentin and tributyltin oxide; an oxathiin fungicide selected from carboxin and oxycarboxin; an oxazole fungicide selected from chlozolinate, dichlozoline, drazoxolon, famoxadone, hymexazol, metazoxolon, myclozolin, oxadixyl and vinclozolin; a polysulfide fungicide selected from barium polysulfide, calcium polysulfide, potassium polysulfide and sodium polysulfide; a pyrazole fungicide selected from furametpyr and penthiopyrad; a pyridine fungicide selected from boscalid, buthiobate, dipyrithione, fluazinam, fluopicolide, pyridinitril, pyrifenox, pyroxychlor and pyroxyfur; a pyrimidine fungicide selected from bupirimate, cyprodinil, diflumetorim, dimethirimol, ethirimol, fenarimol, ferimzone, mepanipyrim, nuarimol, pyrimethanil and triarimol; a pyrrole fungicide selected from fenpiclonil, fludioxonil and fluoroimide; a quinoline fungicide selected from ethoxyquin and halacrinate; a 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate such as quinacetol and quinoxyfen; a quinone fungicide selected from benquinox, chloranil, dichlone and dithianon; a quinoxaline fungicide selected from chinomethionat, chlorquinox and thioquinox; a thiazole fungicide selected from ethaboxam, etridiazole, metsulfovax, octhilinone, thiabendazole, thiadifluor and thifluzamide; a thiocarbamate fungicide such as methasulfocarb and prothiocarb; a

thiophene fungicide selected from ethaboxam and silthiofom; a triazine fungicide selected from aniiazine, bitertanol, fluotrimazole and triazbutil; an urea fungicide selected from bentaluron, pencycuron and quinazamid; or a fungicide selected from acibenzolar, acypetacs, allyl alcohol, benzalkonium chloride, benzamacril, bethoxazin, carvone, chloropicrin, DBCP, dehydroacetic acid, diclomezine, diethyl pyrocarbonate, fenaminosulf, fenitropan, fenpropidin, formaldehyde, furfural, hexachlorobutadiene, iodomethane, isoprothiolane, methyl bromide, methyl isothiocyanate, metrafenone, nitrostyrene, nitrothal-isopropyl, OCH, 2-phenylphenoI, phthalide, piperalin, probenazole, proquinazid, pyroquilon, sodium orthophenylphenoxide, spiroxamine, sultropen, thicyofen, tricyclazole, zinc naphthenate, malachite green, efosite-Al, plantvax, vitavax, demosan and bavistin or combinations thereof.
In a further preferred embodiment, the agrochsmical is a herbicide and may be an inorganic herbicide selected from copper sulphate, sulphuric acid, sodium chlorate and ammonium sulphamate. The herbicide may preferably be an organic herbicide or combinations thereof.
An organic herbicide may preferably an aliphatic herebicide selected from dalapon and trichloro acetic acid; an amide herbicide selected from allidochlor, beflubutamid, benzadox, benzipram, bromobutide, cafenstrole, CDEA, chlorthiamid, cyprazole, dimethenamid-P, diphenamid, epronaz, etnipromid, fentrazamide, flupoxam, fomesafen, halosafen, isocarbamid, isoxaben, napropamide, naptalam, penoxsulam, pethoxamid, propyzamide, quinonamid and tebutam; an anilide herbicide selected from chloranocryl, cisanilide, clomeprop, cypromid, diflufenican, etobenzanid, fenasulam, flufenacet, flufenican, mefenacet, mefluidide, metamifop, monalide, naproanilide, pentanochlor, picolinafen and propanil; an arylalanine herbicide selected from benzoylprop and flamprop-M; a chloroacetanilide herbicide selected from acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, butenachlor, delachlor, diethatyl, dimethachlor, metazachlor, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, pretilachlor, propachlor, propisochlor, prynachlor, terbuchlor, thenylchlor and xylachlor; a sulfonanilide herbicide selected from benzofluor, cloransulam, diclosulam, florasulam, flumetsulam, metosulam, perfluidone, profluazol and pronamide; an acryldehyde such as acrolein; a benzoic acid herbicide selected from chloramben, dicamba, 2,3,6-TBA and

tricamba; a pyrimidinyloxybenzoic acid herbicide selected from bispyribac and pyriminobac; a pyrimidinylthiobenzoic acid herbicide such as pyrithiobac; a phthalic acid herbicide such as chlorthal; a picolinic acid herbicide selected from aminopyralid, clopyralid and picloram; a quinolinecarboxylic acid herbicide selected from quinclorac and quinmerac; an anilines or a nitro-phenol selected from dinitamine, nitralin, penexalin, trifluralin, fluchlorlin, dinitroorthocresol, dinoseb, pentachlorophenol and nitrofen; an arsenical herbicide selected from cacodylic acid, CMA, hexaflurate, MAA, MAMA, potassium arsenite, sodium arsenite, disodium methyl arsenate, methane arsenic acid, monosodium methyl arsenate, calcium arsenate or orthoarsenate, lead arsenate, dimethylarsonate; an antibiotic herbicide such as bilanafos; a benzoic acid or a phenyl acetic acid herbicide selected from chloramben, dicamba, fenac and oxyfiuorfen; a benzoylcyclohexanedione herbicide selected from mesotrione and sulcotrione; a benzofuranyl alkylsulfonate herbicide selected from benfuresate and ethofumesate; a carbamate herbicide selected from carboxazole, chlorprocarb, dichlormate, asulam, fenasulam, karbutilate and terbucarb; a carbanilate herbicide selected from barban, BCPC, carbasulam, carbetamide, CEPC, chlorbufam, chlorprophan, CPPC, desmedipham, phenisopham, phenmedipham, phenmedipham-ethyl, propham and 3,4-dichloro carbonilate; a cyclohexene oxime herbicide selected from alloxydim, butroxydim, clethodim, cloproxydim, cycloxydim, profoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim and tralkoxydim; a cyclopropylisoxazole herbicide selected from isoxachlortole and isoxaflutole; a dicarboximide herbicide selected from benzfendizone, cinidon-ethyt, flumezin, flumiclorac, flumioxazin and flumipropyn; a dinitroaniline herbicide selected from benfluralin, butralin, dinitramine, ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, isopropalin, methalpropalin, nitralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, profluralin and trfluralin; a dinitrophenol herbicide selected from dinofenate, dinoprop, dinosam, dinoseb, dinoterb, 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol, etinofen and medinoterb; a diphenyl ether herbicide such as ethoxyfen; a nitrophenyl ether herbicide selected from acifluorfen, aclonifen, bifenox, chlomethoxyfen, chlornitrofen, etntpromid, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen, fluoronitrofen, fomesafen, furyloxyfen, halosafen, lactofen, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen and oxyfiuorfen; a dithiocarbamate herbicide selected from dazomet and metam; a halogenated aliphatic herbicide selected from alorac, chloropon, dalapon,

flupropanate, hexachloroacetone, iodomethane, methyl bromide, monochloroacetic acid, SMA and TCA; an imidazolinone herbicide selected from imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin and imazethapyr; an inorganic herbicide selected from ammonium sulfamate, borax, calcium chlorate, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, potassium azide, potassium cyanate, sodium azide, sodium chlorate and sulfuric acid; a nitrile herbicide selected from bromobonil, bromoxynil, chloroxynil, dichlobenil, iodobonil, ioxynil and pyraclonil; an organophosphorus herbicide selected from amiprofos-methyl, anilofos, bensulide, bilanafos, butamifos, 2,4-DEP, DMPA, EBEP, fosamine, a glycine derivative selected from glyphosate, glufosinate and piperophos; a phenoxy herbicide selected from bromofenoxim, clomeprop, 2,4-DEB, 2,4-DEP, 2,4-DES, difenopenten, disul, erbon, etnipromid, fenteracol and trifopsime; a phenoxyacetic herbicide selected from 4-CPA, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 3,4-DA, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), MCPA-thioethyl and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T); a phenoxybutyric herbicide selected from 4-CPB, (2,4-dichloro phenoxy) butyric acid, 3,4-DB, 4-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy) butyric acid (MCPB) and 2,4,5-TB; a Z-phenoxypropionic herbicide selected from silvex, 4-CPP, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, 3,4-DP, fenoprop, mecoprop and mecoprop-P; an aryloxyphenoxypropionic herbicide selected from chlorazifop, clodinafop, clofop, cyhalofop, diclofop, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-P, fenthiaprop, fluazifop, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-P, isoxapyrifop, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop, quizalofop-P and trifop; a phenylenediamine herbicide selected from dinitramine and prodiamine; a pyrazolyloxyacetophenone herbicide selected from benzofenap and pyrazoxyfen; a pyrazolylphenyl herbicide selected from fluazolate and pyraflufen; a pyridazine herbicide selected from credazine, pyridafol, pyridate and maleic hydrazide; a pyridazinone herbicide selected from brompyrazon, chloridazon, dimidazon, flufenpyr, metflurazon, norflurazon, oxapyrazon and pydanon; a pyridine herbicide selected from aminopyralid, cliodinate, clopyralid, dithiopyr, fluroxypyr, haloxydine, picloram, picolinafen, pyriclor, thiazopyr and triclopyr; a pyrimidinediamine herbicide selected from iprymidam and tioclorim; a quaternary ammonium herbicide selected from cyperquat, diethamquat, difenzoquat, morfamquat, bipyridylium, diquat and paraquat; a triazine herbicide selected from dipropetryn, triaziflam, trihydroxytriazine, atrazine, chlorazine, cyanazine, cyprazine,

eglinazine, ipazine, mesoprazine, procyazine, proglinazine, propazine, sebuthylazine, simazine, terbuthylazine and trietazine; a methoxytriazine herbicide selected from #traton, methometon, prometone, secbumeton, simeton and terbumeton; a rnethylthiotriazine herbicide selected from ametryne, aziprotryne, cyanatryn, desmetryn, dimethametryn, methoprotryne, prometryn, simetryn and terbutryn; a triazinone herbicide selected from ametridione, amibuzin, hexazinone, isomethiozin, metamitron and metribuzin; a triazole herbicide selected from amitrole, cafenstrole, epronaz and flupoxam; a triazolone herbicide selected from amicarbazone, c#rfentrazone, flucarbazone, propoxycarbazone and sulfentrazone; a triazolopyrimidine herbicide selected from cloransulam, diclosulam, florasulam, flumetsulam, metosulam, penoxsulam, butafenacil, flupropacil, isocil, lenacil, bromacil and terbacil; other heterocyclic herbicides selected from aminotriazone, amitrole, endothal, oxadiazon and pyrazon; a thiocarbamate herbicide selected from butylate, cycloate, diallate, 5-ethyl dipropyl thiocarbamate, esprocarb, ethiolate, isopolinate, methiobencarb, molinate, orbencarb, pebulate, prosulfocarb, pyributicarb, sulfallate, thiobencarb, tiocarbazil, triallate, benthiocarb, 2-chloro allyl diethyl dithiocarbamate and bentazon; a thiocarbonate herbicide selected from dimexano, EXD and proxan; a substituted urea herbicide selected from benzthiazuron, cumyluron, cycluron, dichloralurea, diflufenzopyr, isonoruron, isouron, methabenzthiazuron, monisouron and noruron; a thiourea herbicide such as methiuron; a phenylurea herbicide selected from anisuron, buturon, linuron, chlorbromuron, chloreturon, chlorotoluron, chlorosulfuron, chloroxuron, diuron, fenuron TCA, fluometuron, monuron, neburon, daimuron, difenoxuron, dimefuron, fluothiuron, isoproturon, methiuron, methyldymron, rnetobenzuron, metobromuron, metoxuron, monolinuron, parafluron, phenobenzuron, siduron, tetrafturon and thidiazuron; a pyrimidinylsulfonylurea herbicide selected from amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorimuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, mesosulfuron, nicosujfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron and trifloxysulfuron; a triazinylsulfonylurea herbicide selected from chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, ethametsulfuron, iodosulfuron, metsulfuron, prosulfuron, thifensulfuron, triasulfuron,

tribenuron, triflusulfuron and tritosulfuron; a thiadiazolylurea herbicide selected from buthiuron, ethidimuron, tebuthiuron, thiazafluron and thidiazuron; a herbicide selected from the group comprising C-288-methazole, perfluidone, acrolein, allyl alcohol, azafenidin, benazolin, benzobicyclon, buthidazole, cambendichlor, chlorfenac, chlorfenprop, chlorflurazole, chlorflurenol, cinmethylin, clomazone, CPMF, cresol, ortho-dichlorobenzene, dimepiperate, fluoromidine, fluridone, flurochloridone, flurtamone, fluthiacet, indanofan, methyl isothiocyanate, nipyraclofen, OCH, oxadiargyl, oxaziclomefone, pentachlorophenol, pentoxazone, phenylmercury acetate, pinoxaden, prosulfalin, pyrazolynate, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, quinoclamine, rhodethanil, sulglycapin, thidiazimin, tridiphane, trimeturon, tripropindan and tritac or combinations thereof.
In yet another embodiment, the agrochemical is a herbicide safener and may be selected from benoxacor, cloquintocet, cyometrinil, dichlortnid, dicyclonon, dietholate, fenchlorazole, fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofenim, furilazole, isoxadifen, mefenpyr, mephenate, naphthalic anhydride and oxabetrinil or combinations thereof.
In another embodiment, the agrochemical is a plant activator and may be selected from acibenzolar and probenazole or combinations thereof.
In yet another embodiment, the agrochemical may be a plant growth regulator, which may be an antiauxin selected from clofibric acid and 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid; an auxin selected from 4-CPA, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DEP, dichtorptop, feroprop, LAA, IBA, naphthaleneacetamide, H-naphthaleneacetic acid, 1-naphthol, naphthoxyacetic acid, potassium naphthenate, sodium naphthenate and 2,4,5-T; a cytokinin selected from 2iP, benzyladenine, kinetin and zeatin; a defoliant selected from calcium cyanamide, dimethipin, endothal, ethephon, metoxuron, pentachlorophenol, thidiazuron and tribufos; an ethylene inhibitor selected from aviglycine and 1-methylcyclopropene; an ethylene releaser selected from ACC, etacelasil, ethephon and glyoxime; a gibberellin selected from gibberellin and gibberellic acid; a growth inhibitor selected from abscisic acid, ancymidol, butralin, carbaryl, chlorphonium, chlorpropham, dikegulac, flumetralin, fluoridamid, fosamine, glyphosine, isopyrimol, jasmonic acid, maleic hydrazide,

mepiquat chloride, piproctanyl, prohydrojasmon, propham, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid and morphactins such as chlorfluren, chlorflurenol, dichlorflurenol and flurenol; a growth retardant selected from chlormequat chloride, daminozide, flurprimidol, mefluidide, paclobutrazol, tetcyclacis and uniconazole; a growth stimulator selected from brassinolide, forchlorfenuron and hymexazol; a growth regulator selected from benzofluor, buminafos, carvone, ciobutide, clofencet, cloxyfonac, cyclanilide, cycloheximide, epocholeone, ethychlozate, ethylene, fenridazon, heptopargil, holosulf, inabenfide, karetazan, lead arsenate, methasulfocarb, prohexadione, pydanon, sintofen, triapenthenol and trinexapac or combinations thereof.
In yet another embodiment, the agrochemical is a molluscacide, which may be an inorganic molluscacide selected from copper arsenate, copper acetoarsenite and copper sulfate; an organic molluscacide selected from N-bromoacetamide, metaldehyde, niclosamide and sodium pentachlorophenoxide; a phenyl methyl carbamate molluscacide selected from cloethocarb, methiocarb, tazimcarb, thiodicarb and trimethacarb or combinations thereof.
In yet another embodiment, the agrochemical is an insecticide, which may be an antibiotic acaricide selected from nikkomycin and thuringiensin; a macrocyclic lactone acaricide such as tetranactin; an avermectin acaricide selected from abamectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, ivermectin and selamectin; a milbemycin acaricide selected from milbemectin, milbemycin oxime and moxidectin; a bridged diphenyl acaricide selected from azobenzene, benzoximate, benzyl benzoate, bromopropylate, chlorbenside, chlorfenethol, chlorfenson, chlorfensulphide, chlorobenzilate, chloropropylat, DDT, dicofol, diphenyl sulfone, dofenapyn, fenson, fentrifanil, fluorbenside, proclonol, tetradifon and tetrasul; a carbamate acaricide selected from benomyl, carbanolate, carbaryl, carbofuran, methiocarb, metolcarb, promacyl and propoxur; an oxime carbamate acaricide selected from aldicarb, butocarboxim, oxamyl, thiocarboxime and thiofanox; a dinitrophenol acaricide selected from binapacryl, dinex, dinobuton, dinocap, dinocap-4, dinocap-6, dinocton, dinopenton, dinosulfon, dinoterbon and DNOC; a formamidine acaricide selected from amitraz, chlordimeform, chloromebuform, formetanate and formparanate; a mite growth, regulator selected from clofentezine,

diflovidazin, dofenapyn, fluazuron, fiubenzimine, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron and hexythiazox; an organochlorine acaricide selected from bromocyclen, camphechlor, DDT, dienochlor, endosulfan and lindane; an organophosphate acaricide selected from chlorfenvinphos, crotoxyphos, dichlorvos, heptenophos, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, schradan, TEPP and tetrachlorvinphos; an organothiophosphate acaricide selected from amidithion, amiton, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, azothoate, benoxafos, bromophos, bromophos-ethyl, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, chlorthiophos, coumaphos, cyanthoate, demeton, demeton-O, demeton-S, demeton-methyl, demeton-O-methyl, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methylsulphon, dialifos, diazinon, dimethoate, dioxathion, disulfoton, endothion, ethion, ethoate-methyl, formothion, malathion, mecarbam, methacrifos, omethoate, oxydeprofos, oxydisulfoton, parathion, phenkapton, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl, prothidathion, prothoate, pyrimitate, quinalphos, quintiofos, sophamide, sulfotep, thiometon, triazophos, trifenofos and vamidothion; a phosphonate acaricide such as trichlorfon; a phosphoramidothioate acaricide selected from isocarbophos, methamidophos and propetamphos; a phosphorodiamide acaricide selected from dimefox and mipafox; an organotin acaricide selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin-oxide; a phenylsulfamide acaricide such as dichlofluanid; a phthalimide acaricide selected from dialifos and phosmet; a pyrazole acaricide selected from acetoprole, fipronil, tebufenpyrad and vaniliprole; a pyrethroid ester acaricide selected from acrinathrin, alpha-cypermethrin, fenpropathrin, flucythrinate, flumethrin, fluvalinate and tau-fluvalinate; a pyrethroid ether acaricide such as halfenprox; a pyrimidinamine acaricide such as pyrimidifen; a pyrrole acaricide such as chlorfenapyr; a quinoxaline acaricide selected from chinomethionat and thioquinox; a sulfite ester acaricide such as propargite; a tetrazine acaricide selected from clofentezine and diflovidazin; a tetronic acid acaricide such as spirodiclofen; a thiocarbamate acaricide such as fenothiocarb; a thiourea acaricide selected from chloromethiuron and diafenthiuron; an acaricide selected from the group comprising acequinocyl, amidoflumet, arsenous oxide, bifenazate, closantel, crotamkon, disulfiram, etoxazole, fenazaflor, fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, fluacrypyrim, fluenetil, mesulfen, MNAF, nifluridide, pyridaben, sulfiram, sulfluramid, sulfur and triarathene; an antibiotic insecticide selected from allosamidin and thuringiensin; a macrocyclic lactone insecticide

such as spinosad; an avermectin insecticide selected from abamectin, doramectin, emamectin, eprinomectin, ivermectin and selamectin; a rnilbemycin insecticide selected from milbemectin, rnilbemycin oxime and moxidectin; an arsenical insecticide selected from calcium arsenate, copper acetoarsenite, copper arsenate, lead arsenate, potassium arsenite and sodium arsenite; a carbamate insecticide selected from bendiocarb and carbaryl; a benzofuranyl methyl carbamate insecticide selected from benfuracarb, carbofuran, carbosulfan, decarbofuran and rurathiocarb; a dimethylcarbamate insecticide selected from dimetan, dimetilan, hyquincarb and pirimicarb; an oxime oxime carbamate insecticide selected from alanycarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, methomyl, nitrilacarb, oxamyl, tazimcarb, thiocarboxime, thiodicarb and thiofanox; a phenyl methylcarbamate insecticide selected from allyxycarb, aminocarb, bufencarb, butacarb, carbanolate, cloethocarb, dicresyl, dioxacarb, EMPC, euiioiencaib, fenetiiacarb, fenobucarb, isopiocarb, methiocarb, metolcarb, mexacarbate, promacyl, promecarb, propoxur, trimethacarb, XMC and xylylcarb; a dinitrophenol insecticide selected from dinex, dinoprop, dinosam and 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol; a fluorine insecticide selected from barium hexafluorosilicate, sodium hexafluorosilicate, cryolite, sodium fluoride and sulfluramid; a formamidine insecticide selected from amitraz, chlordimeform, formetanate and formparanate; a fumigant insecticide selected from acrylonitrile, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, chloropicrin, p-dichlorobenzene, 1,2-dichloropropane, ethyl formate, ethylene dibromide, ethylene dichloride, ethylene oxide, hydrogen cyanide, iodomethane, methyl bromide, methylchloroform, methylene chloride, naphthalene and phosphine; a sulfur compound such as sulfuryl fluoride; tetrachloroethane; an inorganic insecticide selected from borax, calcium polysulfide, copper oleate, mercurous chloride, potassium thiocyanate and sodium thiocyanate; a chitin synthesis inhibitor selected from bistrifluron, buprofezin, chlorfluazuron, cyromazine, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, penfluron, teflubenzuron and triflumuron; a juvenile hormone mimic selected from epofenonane, fenoxycarb, hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, pyriproxyfen and triprene; a juvenile hormone selected from juvenile hormone I, juvenile hormone II and juvenile hormone III; a moulting hormone agonist selected from chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide; a

rrioulting hormone selected from ecdysone and ecdysterone; a moulting inhibitor such as diofenolan; a precocene selected from precocene I, precocene II and precocene III; other insect growth regulator such as dicyclanil; a nereistoxin analogue insecticide selected from bensultap, cartap, thiocyclam and thiosultap; a nicotinoid insecticide such as flonicamid; a nitroguanidine insecticide selected from clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam; a nitromethylene insecticide selected from nitenpyram and nithiazine; a pyridylmethylamine insecticide selected from acetamiprid, imidacloprid, nitenpyram and thiacloprid; an organochlorine selected from bromo-DDT, camphechlor, DDT, pp-DDT, ethyl-DDD, HCH, gamma-HCH, lindane, methoxychlor, pentachlorophenol and TDE; a cyclodiene insecticide selected from aldrin, bromocyclen, chlorbicyclen, chlordane, chlordecone, dieldrin, dilor, endosulfan, endrin, HEOD, heptachlor, HHDN, isobenzan, isodrin, kelevan and mirex; an organophosphate insecticide selected from bromfenvinfos, chlorfenvinphos, crotoxyphos, dichlorvos, dtcrotophos, dimethylvinphos, fospirate, heptenophos, methocrotophos, mevinphos, rtionocrotophos, naled, naftalofo, phosphamidon, propaphos, schradan, TEPP and tetrachlorvinphos; an organothiophosphate insecticide selected from dioxabenzofos, fosmethilan and phenthoate; an aliphatic organothiophosphate insecticide selected from acethion, amiton, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlormephos, demephion, demephion-O, demephion-S, demeton, demeton-O, demeton-S, demeton-methyl, demeton-O-methyl, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methylsulphon, disulfoton, ethion, ethoprophos, IPSP, isothioate, malathion, methacrifos, oxydemeton-methyl, oxydeprofos, oxydisulfoton, phorate, sulfotep, terbufos and thiometon; an aliphatic amide organothiophosphate insecticide selected from amidithion, cyanthoate, dimethoate, ethoate-methyl, formothion, mecarbam, omethoate, prothoate, sophamide and vamidothion; an oxime organothiophosphate insecticide selected from chlorphoxim, phoxim and phoxim-methyl; a heterocyclic organothiophosphate insecticide selected from azamethiphos, coumaphos, coumithoate, dioxathion, endothion, menazon, morphothion, phosalon, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion and quinothion; a benzothiopyran organothiophosphate insecticide selected from dithicrofos and thicrofos; a benzotriazine organothiophosphate insecticide selected from azinphos-ethyl and azinphos-methyl; an isoindole organothiophosphate insecticide selected from dialifos and phosmet; an isoxazole organothiophosphate

insecticide selected from isoxathion and zolaprofos; an pyrazolopyrimidine organothiophosphate insecticide selected from chlorprazophos and pyrazophos; a pyridine organothiophosphate inecticide selected from chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl; a pyrimidine organothiophosphate insecticide selected from butathiofos, diazinon, etrimfos, lirimfos, pirimiphos-ethyl, pirimiphos-methyl, primidophos, pyrimitate and tebupirimfos; a quinoxaline organothiophosphate insecticide selected from quinalphos and quinalphos-methyl; a thiadiazole organothiophosphate insecticide selected from athidathion, lythidathion, methidathion and prothidathion; a triazole organothiophosphate insecticide selected from isazofos and triazophos; a phenyl organothiophosphate insecticide selected from azothoate, bromophos, bromophos-ethyl, carbophenothion, chlorthiophos, cyanophos, cythioate, dicapthon, dichlofenthion, etaphos, famphur, fenchlorphos, fenitrothion, fensulfothion, fenthion, fenthion-ethyl, heterophos, jodfenphos, mesulfenfos, parathion, parathion-methyl, phenkapton, phosnichlor, profenofos, prothiofos, sulprofos, temephos, trichlormetaphos-3 and trifenofos; a phosphonate insecticide selected from butonate and trichlorfon; a phosphonothioate insecticide such as mecarphon; a phenyl ethylphosphonothioate insecticide selected from fonofos and trichloronat; a phenyl phenylphosphonothioate insecticide selected from cyanofenphos, EPN and Ieptophos; a phosphoramidate insecticide selected from crufomate, fenamiphos, fosthietan, mephosfolan, phosfolan and pirimetaphos; a phosphoramidothioate insecticide selected from acephate, isocarbophos, isofenphos, methamidophos and propetamphos; a phosphorodiamide insecticide selected from dimefox, mazidox and mipafox; an oxadiazine insecticide such as indoxacarb; a phthalimide insecticide selected from dialifos, phosmet and tetramethrin; a pyrazole insecticide selected from acetoprole, ethiprole, fipronil, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad and vaniliprole; a pyrethroid ester insecticide selected from acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, barthrin, bioethanomethrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cyphenothrin, dimefluthrin, dimethrin, empenthrin, fenfluthrin, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, esfenvalerate, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, furethrin, imiprothrin, metofluthrin, biopermethrin, transpermethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, pyresmethrin, resmethrin, bioresmethrin, cismethrin, tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin and transfluthrin; a pyrethroid ether insecticide selected from

etofenprox, flufenprox, halfenprox, protrifenbute and silafiuofe; a pyrimidinamine insecticide selected from flufenerim and pyrimidifen; a pyrrole insecticide such as chlorfenapyr; a tetronic acid insecticide such as spiromesifen; a thiourea insecticide such as diafenthhiron; a urea insecticide selected from flucofuron and sulcofuron; an insecticide selected from the group comprising closantel, crotamiton, EXD, fenazaflor, fenoxacrim, hydramethylnon, isoprothiolane, malonoben, metoxadiazone, mfluridide, pyridaben, pyridalyl, rafoxanide, triarathene, triazamate, fluosilicate, lethane, thanite, magnesium phosphide, imidachloprid, insecticidal soap and chinomethionat or combinations thereof.
In yet another embodiment, the agrochemical is an insect attractant, which may be selected from a group comprising brevicomin, codlelure, cue-lure, disparlure, dominicalure, eugenol, frontalin, gossyplure, grandlure, hexalure, ipsdienol, ipsenol, japonilure, lineatin, litlure, looplure, medlure, megatomoic acid, methyl eugenol, D-multistriatin, muscalure, orfralure, oryctalure, ostramone, siglure, sulcatol, trimedlure and trunc-call.
In another emboidment, the agrochemical is an insect repellent selected from the group comprising butopyronoxyl, dibutyl phthalate, iV^/V-diethyl-m-toluamide, dimethyl carbate, dimethyl phthalate, ethohexadiol, hexamide, methoquin-butyl, methylneodecanamide, oxamate, picaridin, citronella, Pelargoniumon and (l-[3-cydohexen-l-ylcarbonyl]-2-methylpiperidine) or combinations thereof.
In another emboidment, the agrochemical is an avicide selected from the group comprising 4-aminopyridine, chloralose, endrin, fenthion and strychnine or combinations thereof.
In another emboidment, the agrochemical is a bird repellent selected from the group comprising anthraquinone, chloralose, copper oxychloride, diazinon, guazatine, methiocarb, thiram, trimethacarb and ziram or combinations thereof.

In yet another embodiment, the agrochemical is a mammal repellent selected from the group comprising copper naphthenate, trimethacarb, zinc naphthenate and ziram or combinations thereof.
In another embodiment, the agrochemical is a rodenticide which may be an indandione rodenticide selected from chlorophacinone, diphacinone and pindone; an organophosphorus rodenticide such as phosacetim; a pyrimidinamine rodenticide such as crimidine; a y-glutamyl-carboxylase inhibitor selected from brodifacoum, bromadiolone, coumachlor, coumafuryl, coumatetralyl, difenacoum, difethialone, flocoumafen and warfarin; an aconitase inhibitor selected from fluoracetarriide and sodium fluoroacetate; an inorganic rodenticides selected from aluminum phosphide, arsenous oxide, white or yellow elemental phosphorus, potassium arsenite, sodium arsenite and thallium sulfate; a thiourea rodenticide such as D-naphthylthiourea; an urea rodenticide such as pyrinuron; an organochlorine rodenticide selected from gamma-HCH, HC, lindane and tetramine or a rodenticide selected from the group comprising bromethalin, chloralose, □-chlorohydrin, ergocalciferol, flupropadine, hydrogen cyanide and norbomide or combinations thereof.
In another embodiment, the agrochemical is a mating disrupter selected from disparlure, gossyplure and grandlure or combinations thereof.
In yet another embodiment, the agrochemical is a synergist selected from piperonyl butoxide, piprotal, propyl isome, sesamex, sesamolin and sulfoxide or combinations
thereof.
In another embodiment, the agrochemical is an antifeedant selected from the group comprising chlor dime form, fentin, guazatine and pymetrozine or combinations thereof.
In yet another embodiment, the agrochemical is a chemosterilant selected from the group comprising apholate, bisazir, busulfan, diflubenzuron, dimatif, hemel, hempa, metepa, methiotepa, methyl apholate, morzid, penfluron, tepa, thiohempa, thiotepa, tretamine and uredepa or combinations thereof.

In yet another embodiment, the agrochemical may be selected from the group comprising calcium cyanide, dinitrophenol, naphthylindane-l,3-dione, nicotine sulfate, nonanol, piperazine, polybutenes, potassium ethylxanthate, sodium cyanide, thiocyanatodinitrobenzene, trichlorotrinitrobenzene and zinctrichlorophenoxide or combinations thereof-
In another embodiment, the agrochemical may be any mixture of two or more of the above listed active ingredients.
It should be understood however that the above listed agrochemicals are not meant to be exhaustive but are merely indicative of the active ingredients that may be comprised within the compositions of the present invention. It is also intended that any active ingredient not listed above may also be comprised within the compositions of the present invention provided they are compatible with the biodiesel waste solvent as defined hereinabove.
In another preferred embodiment, the agrochemical comprised within the compositions of the present invention may be any active ingredient listed in the Pesticide Manual, 14th Edition.
In another preferred embodiment, the agrochemical may be selected from the group comprising asulam podium, bentazone, chlorpropham, clodinafop, clomazone, clopiralid, D-devrinol, desmedifam fluroxypyr meptyl, fomesafen, glyphosate, imazapic, imazapyr, imazathapyr, metamitron, metribuzin, napropamide, oryzalin, pendimethalin, phenmedifam, picloram, propanil, S-metolachlor, sulfosulfuron, trichlopyr, acephate, chlorfluazuron, flocinamid, imidacloprid, phosphamidon, thiamethoxan, magnesium phosphide, dichlorvas, ethione, fipronil, monocrotophos, phorate, cyamoxanil, iprodium, kresoxim methyl, mancozeb, maneb, tebuconazole, zineb, sulphur, zinc phosphide, carbendazim, cartip di hydrochloride, metsulfuron, ethofumesate, buprofezin, benzsulfuron and propanil or combinations thereof.
For the purpose of understanding the principles of the present invention, reference will now be made to the exemplary embodiments, and specific language will be used to

describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the proposed invention is thereby intended. Any alterations and further modifications of the invention features illustrated herein, and any additional applications of the principles of the proposed inventions as illustrated herein, which would occur to one skilled in the relevant art and having possession of this disclosure, are to be considered within the scope of the proposed invention.
The singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to "an agrochemical' includes reference to one or more of such agrochemicals.
Concentrations, amounts, and other numerical data may be expressed or presented herein in a range format. It is to be understood that such a range format is used for convenience and conciseness, and thus, should be interpreted in a flexible manner to include not only the numerical values explicitly recited as the limits of the range, but also to include all the individual numerical values or sub-ranges encompassed within that range as if each numerical value and sub range is explicitly recited. To illustrate, a concentration range of "about 0.01% by weight to about 50% by weight" should be interpreted to include not only the explicitly recited concentration of about 0.01% by weight to about 50 % by weight, but also include individual concentrations and the sub-ranges within the indicated range. Thus, included in this numerical range are individual concentrations such as 1 % by weight, 2 % by weight, 3 % by weight, and 10 % by weight, and sub-ranges such as from 0.1 % by weight to 1.5 % by weight, 1% by weight to 3 % by weight, from 2 % by weight to 4 % by weight, from 3 % by weight to 10 % by weight, etc. This same principle applies to ranges reciting only one numerical value. For example, a range recited as "less than about 5 % by weight" should be interpreted to include all values and sub-ranges between 0 % by weight and 5 % by weight. Furthermore, such an interpretation should apply regardless of the breadth of the range or the characteristics being described.
As used herein, "effective amount" refers to the minimal amount of a substance or agent, which is sufficient to achieve a desired result. For example, an effective amount of a

"surfactant" is the minimum amount required in order to create an agrochemica) composition, while maintaining properties necessary for effective pest control.
As used herein, the term "at least another solvent," refers to the liquid solvent in which an agrochemical is solubilized to form an agrochemical formulation. By "solubilized," such an agrochemical necessarily have to be completely solubilized and no layer separation or sediment was found in the final product. Solvents are well known in the art, and a wide variety of solvents may be used with the agrochemical composition of the proposed invention. Such solvents include petroleum distillate and a mixture of a variety of different agents, including without limitation, organic solvents, organic co-solvents, to name a few examples.
In an embodiment, the "at least another solvent" used within the specification denotes another solvent, preferably another organic solvent, that is conventionally employed in the art for preparing agrochemical compositions. The choice of the "at least another solvent" is not particularly limiting.
Preferably, the "at least another solvent" may be an organic solvent preferably selected from the group comprising acetic acid, acetone, acetonitrile, benzene, 1-butanol, 2-butanone, t-butyl alcohol, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, cyclohexane, diethylene glycol, diglyme, dimethoxyethane, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dioxane, ethanol, diethyl ether, dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol, glycerin, heptane, hexane, methanol, methyl t-butyl ether, methylene chloride, pentane, I-propanol, 2-propanol, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, xylene and ethyl acetate although other known organic solvents are not particuarly excluded.
In another embodiment, the "at least another solvent" may be a hydrocarbon solvent selected from the group comprising aromax, C-9, solvesso-100, solvesso-150, solvesso-200, xylene, bonemax, naphtha and R-9. The amount of said "at least another solvent" when present within the compositions of the present invention is not particuarly limiting and may be suitably determined by a skilled formulator.

Preferably, the amount of said "at least another solvent" is from about 0% to about 70% by total weight of the compositions according to the present invention.
Preferably, the biodiesel waste solvent may be present within the compositions according to the present invention in an amount of about 0.1% to about 70% by total weight of the agrochemical composition.
In another embodiment, the agrochemical composition in accordance with the present invention comprises (a) at least one agrochemical active ingredient; (b) an effective amount of biodiesel waste solvent; and (c) a surfactant.
In an embodiment, the compositions according to the present invention may optionally but not essentially include a surfactant in an amount of about 4% to about 20% by total weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the compositions according to the present invention may optionally include a co-surfactant in an amount of about 0% to about 10% by total weight of the composition.
In a preferred embodiment, the surfactant and/or co-surfactant may be any industrial surfactant or co-surfactant known in the art without limitation. Preferably, the surfactant and/or co-surfactant may be selected from the group comprising nonyl phenol ethoxylate, ethoxylated castor oil, calcium salt of an alkyl benzene sulfonate and n-butyl alcohol. More preferably, the co-surfactant may be n-butyl alcohol. It should be understood that the presence and amount of the surfactant and/or co-surfactant is not particularly limiting and may be determined by a skilled formulator without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
In an aspect, the solvent system of the present invention includes a blend comprising purified biodiesel waste solvent solvent and an organic solvent.
The purified biodiesel solvent is prepared by the processes described hereinabove.
However, in another embodiment, it is preferred not to combine the biodiesel waste solvent according to the present invention such that it forms a separate layer, even in the

absence of the agrochemical, in organic solvent. Thus, in one embodiment, the combination of these solvents can be a single layer of liquid. In another embodiment, the combination solvent can be configured such that it dissolves the agrochemical in the desired strength i.e. l%by weight or greater. In accordance with the composition and method of the proposed invention, though the presence of biodiesel waste solvent is required, the presence of an organic solvent is optional.
In one embodiment, the biodiesel waste solvent and the organic solvent can be collectively present in the agrochemical formulation at from 25% by weight to 99% by weight. In another embodiment, the biodiesel waste solvent and the organic solvent can be collectively present in the agrochemical formulation at from 30% by weight to 95% by weight. As both are present in the agrochemical formulation as solvents, in one embodiment, the ratio of biodiesel waste solvent to organic solvent can be from 1000:1 to 1:1000.
One advantage of the solvent system of the present invention is that it is very compatible for use with agrochemicals, which are often used in the agrochemical formulations. In one embodiment, the agrochemical formulation and process of the proposed invention can include the use of from 0.1% by weight to 50.0 % by weight of an agrochemical active.
It should be understood however that no particular limitation is imposed on the amount of agrochemical used, provided the agrochemical is used in an effective amount as defined herein. However, the agrochemical will typically be present at from 0.1% by weight to 50% by weight.
The agrochemical compositions according to the invention can be formulated in various ways, depending on the prevailing biological and/or chemical-physical parameters. The following are examples of suitable formulation possibilities: wettable powders (WP), water-soluble powders (SP), water-soluble concentrates, emulsifiable concentrates (EC), emulsions (EW) such as oil-in-water and water-in-oil Emulsions, sprayable. solutions, suspension concentrates (SC), oil- or water-based dispersions, oil-miscible solutions,

capsule suspensions (CS), dusts (DP), seed-dressing materials, granules for spreading and soil application, granules (GR) in the form of microgranules, spray granules, coated granules and adsorption granules, water-dispersible granules (WG), water-soluble granules (SG), ULV formulations, microcapsules and waxes,
Additionally, other components that are known in the art can also be used, such as, but not limited to, stabilizers, antifoaming agent, stickers, rain-fasteners, co-surfactant, colors, biocides, chelating agents, safener, bio-activity enhancer and/or buffers. Polymers and light stabilizing agents can also be used in certain embodiments, as is known to those skilled in the art. Typically, one or more of these other components can each be present at from 0 % by weight to 25% by weight. Alternatively, such components can be present at from 0.1% by weight to 20% by weight. In addition to these additives, a nonionic, anionic, cationic and/or amphoteric surfactant can also be present at from 0% by weight to 20 % by weight.
A preferred general composition of biodiesel waste solvent suitable for the present invention is :
Glycerin - 40 - 50%
Methyl Ester — 40-45%
Alcohols - 0.2 - 1%
Mono, Di & triglycerides -1.5- 3.0%
Free Fatty Acids - 1.0 - 2.0%
Triglycerides esters - 0.1 - 0.2%
Water-0.1-0.3%
It is also practically seen that the presence of these components helps in improving dilution property of the EC formulations. The presence of these components in the formulation may also helpful in achieving the better bio-efficacy. Other ingredients present in the formulations are commercially used organic solvent like Aromax, CIX Xylene along with emulsifiers / Surfactants. The surfactants/Emulsifters used are alkyl phenyl ethoxylates and alkyl benzene sulfonates which helps in dilution properties and also the homogenous distribution of active component (synthetic pyrethroid) with in the

sprayabie emulsion. Preparation of the EC formulation under invention is same as like other conventional EC formulations i.e. mixing the component as per optimized recipe.
The EC formulation developed using the solvent i.e. biodiesel waste which is generated after extraction of biodiesel is physically and chemically stable at 54°C. During Accelerated Heat Stability 54 2 ° C (AHS) and room temperature condition no crystallization and phase separation or liquid separation was observed. The advantage of present invention is that the organic solvent which is responsible for health and environment hazard is fully or partially replaced by green solvent which is less volatile and much safer as compared to commercially available organic solvents which are used for the preparation of EC. This invention may also result in economization of the product by reducing the percentage of an emulsifier or surfactant used for the preparation of conventional solid liquid or gaseous agrochemical formulations. This is possible because of the presence of glycerine, glyceroids, free fatty acids, triglyceroids esters in biodiesel waste which is used for the preparation of EC formulation under invention. The formulation also has low or zero degree of phytotoxic which has been seen by the field trials. Finally the EC formulation can be considered much safer as compared to commercially available EC formulation because of use of safer ingredient used for their preparation.
An emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation is a concentrated solution of a pesticide in an organic solvent that contains suitable surfactants, including emulsifiers, so that when mixed with a relatively large volume of water it will give a stable oil-in-water emulsion for application, as by spraying, to the target site. The requirements for a satisfactory EC formulation are: chemical stability (no loss of active ingredient during storage); physical stability (no phase separation over the range of temperatures likely to be encountered during storage); high flashpoint (for safe warehouse storage); and low viscosity (for ease of mixing with water for application).
A microemulsion (ME) formulation is an emulsion of a small amount of a pesticide solution in an organic solvent in a relatively large volume of water, yielding a concentration of the pesticide ready for application to the target site. The microemulsion

will be formed through the use of suitable surfactants, including an amount of emulsifier substantially greater relative to the amount of pesticide than in EC formulations. The resulting emulsion droplets are so small that the microemulsion formulation is optically clear, rather than milky in appearance. Some microemulsions, although ready for use as prepared, retain microemulsion characteristics such as optical clarity upon further dilution with water. The requirements for a satisfactory ME formulation are chemical and physical stability.
The studies that led to the development of the novel combination of solvents of this invention were motivated by the desire to improve EPA-approved agrochemical formulations containing e.g. from 0.1 to 50 % by weight of pesticide. While these products have been marketed and used successfully, at dilution time faced the emulsion problem, stability problems, the low temperatures encountered in some storage facilities the EC formulations undergoes phase separation, including the formation of crystals.
A possibility of formulating the agrochemicals is, for example, emulsifiable concentrates (EC). Emulsifiable concentrates are prepared, for example, by dissolving or emulsifying the agrochemical active in an organic solvents, (for example C-9, Bonmex, Aromax, butanol, cyclohexanone, dimethylformamide, xylene etc. or else higher-boiling aromatics or hydrocarbons) and/or green solvent, with addition of one or more ionic and/or nonionic surfactants (emulsifiers). Examples of emulsifiers which can be used are: calcium alkylarylsulfonates such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate or nonionic emulsifiers such as fatty acid polyglycol esters, alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, propylene oxide/ethylene oxide condensates (for example block copolymers), alkyl polyethers, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters or other polyoxyethylenesorbitan esters and the like.
Wettable powders are preparations which are uniformly dispersible in water and which, in addition to the active substances, also comprise ionic and/or nonionic surfactants (wetting and /or dispersing agent), for example polyoxyethylated alkylphenols, polyoxyethylated fatty alcohols and fatty amines, fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates,

alkanesulfonates or alkylarylsulfonates, sodium 2,2'-dinaphthylmethane-6,6'-disulfonsate, sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate, sodium oleoylmethyltaurinate and like, in addition to a diluent or inert substance.
Granules can be produced either by spraying the active substance, or active substances, onto adsorptive, granulated inert material or by applying active substance concentrates to the surface of carriers such as sand, kaolin or of granulated inert material, by means of green solvents or else mineral oils. As a rule, water-dispersible granules are prepared by the customary methods such as spray drying, fluidized-bed granulation, roto granulation, disk granulation, roller extruders, oscillating granulators mixing with high-speed mixers and extrusion without solid inert material. Suitable active substances can also be granulated in the manner which is customary for preparing granules.
Oil suspension concentrates can be prepared for example by wet grinding by means of commercially available bead mills and, if appropriate, addition of surfactants, for example as already mentioned above under the other formulation types, the oil component used being a green solvent.
The agrochemical formulations, that is to say the agrochemical compositions, preparations or mixtures comprising an agrochemical and one or more solid, liquid and/or gas formulation inert ingredients, are prepared in known manner, e.g. by intimately mixing and/or grinding the active ingredients with the formulation inert ingredients, for example solvents or solid carriers. Surface-active compounds (surfactants) may additionally also be used in the preparation of the formulations.
Depending on the nature of an agrochemical to be formulated, suitable surface-active compounds are non-ionic, cationic and/or anionic surfactants and surfactant mixtures having good emulsifying, dispersing and wetting properties.The commercial products will preferably be formulated as concentrates, the end user will normally employ dilute formulations.

Based on these formulations, it is also possible to prepare combinations with other agrochemical active substances such as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, antidotes or stabilizers, safeners and/or growth regulators, for example in the form of a readymix or a
tank mix.
EXAMPLES
The following examples illustrate embodiments of the proposed invention that are presently best known. However, other embodiments can be practiced that are also within the scope of the present invention. All of the agrochemical formulations exemplified below had acceptable to excellent emulsion stability and each exhibited at least acceptable storage stability properties.
Example 1 Quinalphos 10% WP
To 821 gm of solid carrier ( kaolin, clay silica and the like individually or in
combination), a mixture of 135 g of Quinalphos technical, 24 gm of green solvent and 20
gm of dispersing cum wetting agent was added. The product was mixed to have a
homogenous distribution of the active content. The product obtained was in the form of
wettable powder (WP) which can be used in agriculture or public health purpose after
required dilution.
The active ingredient (or active ingredient mixture) is mixed thoroughly with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, if required, affording wettable powders which can be diluted with water to give suspensions of any desired concentration.
The following formulations were prepared using formulation processes that are conventionally known in the art. The formulations thus prepared were all shown to possess at least one of the listed advantages of the compositions of the present invention.

Example 2

Example 3 Linuron 50 WDG

Example 4 Atrazine 80 WP



Example 5
Copper hydroxide 50 WP

Example 6 Atrazine 60 SC


Example 7
Copper Hydroxide 36 SC

Example 8 Mancozeb 48 SC


Example 9 Propanil 48 SC

Example 10
Glvphosate IPA 480 g/L SL

Example 11 Butachlor 40 EW



Example 12 2,4-D IBE 50 EC

Example 13 Acetochlor 50 EC

Example 14 Dicofol 40 EC


Example 15 Dimethoate 40 EC

Example 16
Dimethoate + Cypermethrin 134 + 12 g/L EC

Example 17
Fatty acid methylester EC


Example 18
Fropanil + Clomazone 400 + 200 g/L EC

Example 19
Soya Oil (sticking Agent)

Example 20 Pendimethalin 35 EC

Emulsion Stability Comparative Tests
A series of experiments were devised to compare the emulsifiability and emulsion stability of emulsifiable concentrate formulations of a number of agrochemicals. In the following tests, two emulsifiable concentrate formulations with and without the biodiesel waste solvent were prepared for each tested agrochemical. The resulting formulations

were tested for emulsifiability and the emulsion stability of the formulations according to the following protocol.
Test A: Acifluorfen 16.8% EC
Formulation Al and A2 were prepared comprising about 20% w/w of acifluorfen sodium having the following compositions:

The physical stability of the two formulations were tabulated as hereunder:



The emulsion stability of formulation Al was tested and compared with the emulsion stability of the formulation A2 using the digital turbidity meter 211R with the following
results:

It was surprisingly found that the NTU measurement of the formulation A2 without biodiesel waste solvent fell rapidly at about one hour from a comparable initial reading. It was concluded that the particles in the formulation A2 without biodiesel waste solvent rapidly coalesced and settled at the bottom of the container at about one hour while the formulation A l containing biodiesel waste solvent maintained uniform NTU readings, which was indicative of no coalescence or settling. The formulation A l particles did not coalesce or settle producing minimal drop of about 2.99% in the NTU readings measured

with a calibrated nephelometer even two hours after, storage in contrast to formulation A2, which dropped by about 21% at one hour and about 24% at two hours. It was found that the formulation Al was about 7-8 times more emulsion stable than the formulation A2 while the two formulations differed only in the presence and absence of the biodiesel waste solvent. It was believed that the presence of the biodiesel waste solvent was the origin of the substantially improved emulsion stability of the formulation. Importantly, subsequent to 96 hour storage of both the formulation samples, it was found that formulation A2 turned to a clear sample believed due to the settling of all the particles at the bottom of the container. In contrast, formulation Al containing the biodiesel waste solvent continued to remain as a stable, thick emulsion.
Test B: Napropamide 24.1% EC
Formulations Bl and B2 were prepared comprising about 25.3% w/w of Napropamide having the following compositions:

The physical stability of the two formulations were tabulated as hereunder:


The emulsion stability of formulation B l was tested and compared with the emulsion stability of the formulation B2 using the digital turbidity meter 211R with the following results:

It was surprisingly found that the NTU measurement of the formulation B2 without biodiesel waste solvent fell rapidly at about one hour from a comparable initial reading. It was concluded that the particles in the formulation B2 without biodiesel waste solvent rapidly coalesced and settled at the bottom of the container at about one hour while the formulation Bl containing biodiesel waste solvent displayed steadily increased NTU readings, which was indicative of no coalescence or settling and better dispersion with time or an increase in particle size. The formulation Bl particles did not coalesce or settle producing no drop in the NTU readings measured with a calibrated nephelometer even two hours after storage in contrast to formulation B2, which dropped by about 18% at one hour and about 40% at two hours. In contrast, it was found that the NTU readings of the napropamide formulation comprising biodiesel waste solvent increased by about 31% at

one hour and to about 45% at about two hours. It was highly surprising and unexpected that the NTU measurement of napropamide formulations, indicative of the emulsifiability, increased with the passage of time. It was further considered surprising that this marked difference in emulsion stability could only be attributed to the presence and absence of biodiesel waste solvent as the two formulations differed only in the presence and absence of the biodiesel waste solvent. It was believed that the presence of the biodiesel waste solvent was the origin of the substantially improved emulsion stability of the formulation Bl.
Test C: Clodinafop propargyl 22.3 % EC
Formulations CI and C2 were prepared comprising about 24% w/w of clodinafop propargyl having the following compositions:

The physical stability of the two formulations were tabulated as hereunder:


The emulsifiability of the formulation C I containing biodiesel waste solvent was compared with the emulsifiability of the formulation C2 without a biodiesel waste solvent and tabulated as hereunder:

It was surprisingly found that the NTU measurement of the formulation C2 without biodiesel waste solvent was about 92% less than the NTU measurement of the formulation CI including biodiesel waste solvent. It was believed that a higher NTU reading in the presence of the biodiesel waste solvent was indicative of better emulsifiability combined with greater particle size. It was expected that a better emulsifiability could be correlated to a better efficacy of the formulation on field whereas a higher particle size would lead to a controlled release of the active ingredient. A controlled release of an active ingredient which is known to be phytotoxic could be expected to cause lower phytotoxicity when formulated with biodiesel waste solvent. It was further considered surprising that this marked difference in NTU readings attributable to enhanced emulsion stability or increased particle size could only be attributed to the presence and absence of biodiesel waste solvent as the two formulations differed only in the presence and absence of the biodiesel waste solvent. It was believed that the presence of the biodiesel waste solvent was the origin of the substantially improved emulsion stability and greater particle size of the formulation CI.

Test D: Azoxystrobin 8.8 % EC
Formulations Dl and D2 were prepared comprising about 9.5 % w/w of azoxystrobin having the following compositions:

The physical stability of the two formulations were tabulated as hereunder:

The emulsifiability of the formulation Dl containing biodiesel waste solvent was compared with the emulsifiability of the formulation D2 without a biodiesel waste solvent and tabulated as hereunder:



It was surprisingly found that the NTU measurement of the formulation D2 without biodiesel waste solvent was about 188% less than the NTU measurement of the formulation Dl including biodiesel waste solvent. It was believed that a higher NTU reading in the presence of the biodiesel waste solvent was indicative of better emulsifiability combined with greater particle size. It was expected that a better emulsifiability could be correlated to a better efficacy of the formulation on field whereas a higher particle size would lead to a controlled release of the active ingredient. It was further considered surprising that this marked difference in NTU readings attributable to enhanced emulsion stability or increased particle size could only be attributed to the presence and absence of biodiesel waste solvent as the two formulations differed only in the presence and absence of the biodiesel waste solvent. It was believed that the presence of the biodiesel waste solvent was the origin of the substantially improved emulsion stability and greater particle size of the formulation Dl.
Flash Points Comparative Tests
The flash points of the emulsifiable concentrate formulations Al, Bl, CI and Dl above were measured and compared with the flash points of the formulations A2, B2, C2 and D2 comprising conventional organic solvents. It was found that the flash points of the formulations comprising biodiesel waste solvents were substantially higher than those of the formulations without biodiesel waste solvents. It was believed that since the corresponding formulations differed only in the presence or absence of the biodiesel waste solvent, any substantial difference in the flash points of two corresponding formulations could be solely attributed to the presence of biodiesel waste solvent. It was further believed that the formulations comprising biodiesel waste solvent and possessing

higher flash points would possess a substantially reduced susceptibility to fire hazards in comparison to the formulations without biodiesel wast solvent.

Efficacy
The formulations according to the present invention comprising biodiesel waste solvent in addition to the agrochemicals were tested for their activity for a variety of indications. The tested formulations comprising biodiesel waste solvent were found to possess surprisingly enhanced efficacy for the indicated pesticidal activities.
In all the tested instances, it was found that biodiesel waste solvent showed good synergism with all the tested agrochemicals. It was further found that the active content of the tested pesticides in the tested soil, foliage or pests were surprisingly increased in the treatments with added biodiesel waste solvent than the treatments in which no biodiesel was added. The increased penetration of the tested pesticide to the target soil, foliage or pests could solely be attributed to the presence of biodiesel waste solvent as the correspondingly tested formulations for an agrochemicals differed only in the presence or absence of the biodiesel waste solvent. It was believed that this surprising enhancement in the penetration of the pesticides in the presence of biodiesel waste solvent could be attributed to the presence of certain biodegradable surfactants in biodiesel waste solvent, which synergistically enhanced the penetration of the agrochemical within the target soil, foliage or pesr resulting in a surprising enhancement in the efficacy of the tested

pesticide. The field trials conducted for the above formulations A1, Bl, C1 and Dl demonstrated that the presence of biodiesel waste solvent substantially and surprisingly reduced the weed or fungal population at the desired locus. The tested formulations A1 Bl and C1 were found to cause no phytotoxicity on the tested crops.
While the invention has been described by reference to the specific examples, this was for purposes of illustration only. Numerous alternative embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.

WE CLAIM
1. An improved solvent for an agrochemical composition, said improved solvent comprising: (a) biodiesel waste solvent; and (b) optionally at least another solvent.
2. The improved solvent as claimed in claim 1, wherein said biodiesel waste solvent comprises a glycerol fraction generated from the transesterification of vegetable oils, grease or animal fats to biodiesel.
3. An improved agrochemical composition comprising (a) at least one agrochemical; and (b) biodiesel waste solvent.
4. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 3 additionally comprising at least another solvent.
5. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein said composition is substantially free of another solvent.
6. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein said at least another solvent is an organic solvent.
7. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claims 3-6, wherein said composition is substantially free of a surfactant.
8. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claims 3-6 additionally comprising a surfactant; and optionally comprising a co-surfactant.
9. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claims 3-8, wherein said biodiesel waste solvent comprises a glycerol fraction generated from the transesterification of vegetable oils, grease or animal fats to biodiesel.
10. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claims 3-9, wherein said biodiesel waste solvent comprises about 40% to about 50% glycerol; about 40% to about

45% methyl ester; about 0.2% to about 1% alcohol; about 1.5% to 3% mono-, di-and tri-glycerides; about 1% to about 25% free fatty acid; about 0.1% to about 0.2% triglyceride ester and about 0.1% to about 0.3% water.
11. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claims 3-10 additionally comprising an anti-oxidant.
12. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 9, wherein said animal fat is selected from the group comprising tallow, lard, white grease, yellow grease, poultry fats and fish oils.
13. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 9, wherein said vegetable oil is selected from the group comprising soy, corn, canola, mustard, palm, coconut, peanut, sesame, safflower, sunflower, rapeseed and cottonseed.
14. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 9, wherein said grease is selected from the group comprising cooking oils and restaurant frying oils.
15. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 9, wherein said biodiesel waste solvent comprises a glycerol fraction generated from the transesterification of trap greases and oils produced from algae, fungi, bacteria, molds and yeast.
16. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claims 3-15, wherein said agrochemical is an agrochemically effective virucide, bactericide, nematicide, algaecide, fungicide, herbicide, safener, plant activator, growth regulator, molluscicide, insect attractant, insect repellent, insecticide, acaricide, piscicide, avicide, bird repellent, rodenticide, mammal repellent, mating disrupter, synergist, antifeedant, chemosterilant and mixtures thereof.
17. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claims 3-15, wherein said agrochemical is an agrochemically active ingredient listed in the Pesticide Manual, 14th Edition.

18. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 3-17, wherein said agrochemical is selected from the group comprising asulam, bentazone, chlorpropham, clodinafop, clomazone, clopiralid, D-napropamide, desmedifam, fluroxypyr meptyl, fomesafen, glyphosate, ima^apic, imazapyr, imazathapyr, metamitron, metribuzin, napropamide, oryzalin, pendimethalin, phenmedifam, picloram, propanil, S-metolachlor, sulfosulfuron, trichlopyr, acephate, chlorfluazuron, flocinamid, imidacloprid, phosphamidon, thiamethoxan, magnesium phosphide, dichlorvas, ethione, fipronil, monocrotophos, phorate, cyamoxanil, iprodium, kresoxim methyl, mancozeb, maneb, tebuconazole, zineb, sulphur, zinc phosphide, carbendazim, cartip dihydrochloride, metsulfuron, ethofumesate, buprofezin, benzsulfuron, propanil and agrochemically acceptable salts and mixtures thereof.
19. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein said organic solvent is selected from the group comprising acetic acid, acetone, acetonitrile, benzene, 1-butanol, 2-butanone, t-butyl alcohol, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, cyclohexane, diethylene glycol, diglyme, dimetho*yethane, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dioxane, ethanol, diethyl ether, dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol, glycerin, heptane, hexane, methanol, methyl t-butyl ether, methylene chloride, pentane, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate, aromax, C-9, solvesso-100, solvesscj-150, solvesso-200, xylene, bonemax, naphtha and R-9.
20. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claims 3-19, wherein said biodiesel waste solvent is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 70% by total weight of the composition.
21. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claims 3-20 comprising a surfactant in an amount of from about 4% to about 20% by total weight of the composition.

22. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claims 3-2) comprising a cosurfactant in an amount of about 0% to about 10% by total weight of the composition.
23. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 21, wherein said surfactant is selected from nonyl phenol ethoxylate, ethoxylated castor oil, calcium salt of an alkyl benzene sulfonate and n-butyl alcohol.
24. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 22, wherein said cosurfactant is n-butyl alcohol.
25. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claims 3-24, wherein said composition is formulated as a formulation type selected from wettable powders (WP), water-soluble powders (SP), water-soluble concentrates, emulsifiable concentrates (EC), emulsions (EW) such as oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, sprayable solutions, suspension concentrates (SC), oil- or water-based dispersions, oil-miscible solutions, capsule suspensions (CS), dusts (DP), seed-dressing materials, granules for spreading and soil application, granules (GR) in the form of microgranules, spray granules, coated granules and adsorption granules, water-dispersible granules (WG), water-soluble granules (SG), ULV formulations, microcapsules and waxes.
26. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claims 3-25 additionally comprising at least one agrochemical excipient selected from stabilizers, antifoaming agents, stickers, rain-fasteners, co-surfactant, colors, biocides, chelating agents, safener, bio-activity enhancers, buffers, polymers and light stabilizing agents.
27. The agrochemical composition as claimed in claims 3-26, wherein said biodiesel waste solvent comprises a glycerol fraction generated from the transesterification of jatropha oil or karanja oil.
28. A method for improving at least one predetermined property of an agrochemical composition, said method comprising including within said agrochemical

composition an effective amount of biodiesel waste solvent optionally in combination with at least another solvent, wherein said improved predetermined property comprises at least one property associated with the composition and selected from increased emulsifiability, increased emulsion stability, biodegradability, reduced susceptibility to fire hazard, controlled release of the agrochemical, increased particle size of the active ingredient and enhanced efficacy of the agrochemical.
29. An improved solvent substantially as described herein and illustrated with reference to examples 1-20 and comparative formulations A l, B 1, C1 and D1.
30. An improved agrochemical composition substantially as described herein and illustrated with reference to examples 1-20 and comparative formulations Al, Bl, C 1 and D 1..
Dated this 11th day of November 2008