FORM-2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
THE PATENTS RULES, 2006
COMPLETE
Specification
(See Section 10 and Rule 13)
IN-PIPE TURBINE AND HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION
SYSTEM
KIRLOSKAR INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
an Indian Company of 13 A, Karve Road, Kothrud, Pune-411 038, Maharashtra.
Inventors: 1. BHENDE UDAY YESHWANT
2. JOSHI SANJAY PRAKASH
3. ADKAR PRASHANT RAMAKANT
4. MARATI-IE PRANAV SHAM
5. JOSHI ASHWIN SHARAD
6. GANU SHIRISH MADHAV
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

FIELD OF DISCLOSURE
The present disclosure relates to a power generation system. Particularly, the present disclosure relates to an in-pipe turbine generator which produces power from energy contained in the fluid.
BACKGROUND
To meet the increasing energy demands, there is a desire to develop environmental friendly methods which use renewable energies. One such method of particular interest involves the generation of electrical energy from the heads available in moving water bodies. This is generally achieved by using potential energy based turbines. A dam-type hydraulic power generation can be attained by damming rivers, streams or the like to confine and store the flow of water, then discharging the water therefrom, thereby driving the turbine, so that the potential energy of the head of water is converted to mechanical energy and via a generator to electrical energy. In case a dam-type structure has to be avoided, the head of water could be utilized using a siphon to move the water from a high point to a lower point with the turbine housed in the siphon.
The turbine can be a simple propeller coupled to an electric generator or with an integrated electric generator, which may be installed next to a waterfall, river, canal or a stream where a head of water is available. One of the major problems associated with these turbines is the maintenance difficulty that is encountered. This is because the complete turbine must be recovered to allow maintenance. Another difficulty associated with these turbines is the optimization of the electrical power generation. The efficiency of these devices is low and varies extensively depending on the available head and flow.
PRIOR ART:
1) WO 2011/134090: Unidirectional hydro turbine with enhanced duct, blades and
generator.
Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for a turbine for generating electrical power from fluid
flow comprising a duct with an oblong elevation, intake hoods and vents, after diffuser cut
outs and an oblique face to optimize flow and therefore power characteristics. A

unidirectional turbine generator apparatus is also disclosed comprising turbine blades with one or more raked and/ or tapered sections, and optionally also with multiple beaded surface features to improve efficiency and performance of the turbine generator. A hydro turbine generator with a single sided axial flux magnetic generator is disclosed comprising a hybrid, magnetic/ anti- friction axial bearing assembly.
Limitations: The invention described herein states a hydro kinetic turbine, which contains a hub generator with multiple moving parts, thereby creating complexities regarding the assembling, installation and maintenance; whereas the present invention claims a rim generator containing a single moving part with low maintenance and ease of assembly.
2) WO 2009/136804: Electro generator with the role of pipe turbine and driving propeller. Abstract: An electro-generator acting as a pipe turbine and a driving propeller is a new concept of an electro generator which, depending on a way of application, can have the role of a pipe turbine used for the conversion of kinetic energy of fluid into electrical energy or the role of a propeller when used for driving purposes. An electro-generator acting as a pipe turbine and a driving propeller has three basic forms.
Limitations: The invention describes a hydrokinetic turbine, which utilizes the velocity of the fluid but the head availability cannot be utilized; whereas the present invention claims a potential energy turbine which utilizes head availability for power generation.
3) WO 2013/131677: An apparatus for transforming energy of liquid flowing in a liquid flow path.
Abstract: An apparatus for positioning thereof in a liquid flow path, comprising a housing configured to be received in the flow path and having a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet defining a flow directional there between; a current generator including a shaft supported by the housing and having a rotor mounted thereon and having a plurality of vanes, the shaft -extending in the housing along the flow direction allowing rotation of the rotor with the vanes by liquid passing through the generator . and a stator associated with the rotor for producing electrical signals corresponding to the rotation of the rotor; and , electrical wiring

for electrically connecting the current generator to a power receiver for transferring the
electrical signals thereto.
Limitations: The invention herein describes a hydrokinetic turbine which utilizes the
velocity of the fluid but the head availability cannot be utilized; whereas the present
invention claims a potential energy turbine which utilizes head availability for power
generation.
3) US 7372172: Device and method for the generation of electrical energy. Abstract: Arrangement for generating electrical power from a flowing medium, wherein the arrangement includes a plurality of turbine generator units. At least some of the plurality of generator units are arranged at least one of one above another and one beside another. At least some of the plurality of generator units is connected to one another to form at least one module. At least one of the plurality of generator units includes a synchronous generator having permanent magnetic poles for excitation. This Abstract is not intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Limitations: The patent cited claims a turbine generator unit, which is too complex in nature specifically the bearing assembly is a complex arrangement, also the number of moving parts are more thereby increasing the maintenance cost of the unit. Moreover there is no provision of cooling of the generator thereby resulting in over heating of the generator. Whereas the present invention is simple and compact, due care is taken for cooling of the generator unit by means of a specific close clearance path. This also allows easy flow of fluid, ensuring that any floating and/ or foreign debris and/ or material do not enter and deposit inside the turbine generator unit.
4) US 8294290: Immersed magnet ring secured to radially outermost ends of hydraulic turbine blades and gap between rotor and stator filled with water.
Abstract: "IMPROVEMENT IN ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT GENERATOR OF ELECTRICAL POWER", the invention herein refers to improvements in electrical power generating equipment which, due to the construction adopted, allows simplified maintenance

at reduced frequency; in addition to useful application in several types of hydro electrical
power plants, namely: micro, mini and small sized hydroelectric power plants.
Limitations:
The particular arrangement of coupled generator (inside the hub) has increased number of
parts which increases misalignment and difficulty in assembly and maintenance.
In a particular arrangement, peripheral surfaces of magnets are exposed to water hence debris
and or other solid particles may damage or create cracks on the magnet surface which will
lead to poor performance of the generator or failure.
No evident arrangement in assembly of generator to reduce the chances of dislocation during
operation.
The turbine generator shaft is rotating increasing the number of moving parts.
OBJECTS
Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies, are as follows:
An object of the present disclosure is to provide a simple, compact, modular turbine and potential hydro-electric power generation system, which gives good energy efficiency.
An object of the present disclosure is to provide a potential energy based turbine which is housed inside a pipe with an (but not limited to) integrated permanent magnet generator.
An object of the present disclosure is to provide an in-pipe turbine and hydro-electric power generation system, which can be continuously adapted to a variety of hydraulic conditions and varying flow and head heights.
Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a high efficiency, unidirectional hydroelectric turbine adapted for generating power by utilizing potential energy from but not restricted to; falls on canals, run of the rivers projects, mountain streams, hydroelectric power plant tail races, existing water pipe lines and ETP/STP discharges.

Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a unidirectional, in-pipe turbine and hydro-electric power generation system, which has only one rotating part namely rotor, mounted on a stationary shaft, thereby making the system long lasting and easy to maintain, without the need for any specialized devices.
Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a potential energy based unidirectional in-pipe hydro turbine generator with one or more turbine blades mounted at a specified distance from each other, to improve efficiency and performance of the turbine generator.
Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide multiple turbine generator arrangement comprising multiple unidirectional turbine generators connected to an onshore and/ or an offshore electrical distribution system.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a hydro power generating apparatus, which is easier to install and maintain, is light weight, the material of construction used is metals, non-metals, preferably composites and more specifically fiber reinforced plastic i.e. FRP or glass reinforced plastic i.e. GRP, thereby making it anti-corrosive, impact resistant and adapting it to any fluids for energy generation.
Another object of the present disclosure is to provide an in-pipe turbine, which can be installed, preferably using siphon and /or open channel method for generating energy and which can be adapted to a variety of head heights and flows, involving minimum
construction.
Further object of the present disclosure is to provide multiple turbine generator arrangement connected either in series or in parallel to one another. Series installation is a preferred methodology in high head applications for utilizing a large available head where part of the head is consumed in each turbine. The turbine is adapted to function across high, medium, low and ultra-low heads (from sub 1 m to 200 m).

Further object of the present invention is to provide a bypass system for the multiple turbine generator arrangement to ensure continued energy generation from other turbines in case of breakdown of any one turbine unit.
Still further object of the present disclosure is to provide a hydro power generator unit, which can be installed under water, underground, fitted along the existing pipelines since there are no components external to the turbine unit, thereby resulting in minimum land acquisition, minimum environmental impact, no dam or diversion to be created, no deforestation, rehabilitation and relocation necessary.
Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a hydro power generator unit that is friendly to marine life passing through it.
These objects and other advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
The disclosure will now be described with the help of the accompanying drawings, in which,
FIGURE 1 illustrates a schematic of a typical hydro-electric power generation system;
FIGURE 2 illustrates a layout of the in-pipe turbine and hydro-electric power generation system in accordance with the present disclosure:
FIGURE 3 illustrates a schematic of in pipe turbine generator unit.
FIGURE 3A illustrates a section-view of the impeller blades of the turbine in accordance with the present disclosure;

FIGURE 3B illustrates a side-view of the impeller blade of the turbine in accordance with the present disclosure;
FIGURE 4 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the turbine generator unit in accordance with the present disclosure; and
FIGURE 5 illustrates another preferred embodiment of the turbine generator unit in accordance with the present disclosure.
FIGURE 6 illustrates a vertical split design in an another preferred embodiment of the turbine generator unit in accordance with the present disclosure; and
FIGURE 7 illustrates a horizontal split design in an another preferred embodiment of the turbine generator unit in accordance with the present disclosure; and
FIGURE 8 illustrates a preferred embodiment of installation methodology for turbine generator unit, in accordance with the present invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
The disclosure will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which do not limit the scope and ambit of the disclosure. The description provided is purely by way of example and illustration.
A hydroelectric power generating system 600 as illustrated in figure 6 essentially consists of a turbine generator enclosed within a cylindrical pipe 603 A hydroelectric turbine comprising: a casing 602 a rotor with vanes 605. inlet guide vanes 604, outlet stay vanes 607. a shaft 610 and flanges 6] 1. The hydraulic turbine is fully enclosed in a casing 603 with two halves assembled vertically and/or horizontally. The horizontal split casing provides ease of maintenance at sites as the upper casing can be removed for maintenance without disconnecting the turbine from the pipeline. The casing 603 has an appropriate cavity/space

for housing the generator stator 606 which is located overhead the generator rotor 609. The turbine rotor 605 has blades and is shrouded for integration with the generator rotor 609. Turbine rotor 605 is the only rotating part which simplifies the system and minimizes the maintenance and is mounted on a stationary shaft 610. The bearings are preferably housed in the rotor to enable it to rotate over the stationary shaft 610. The inlet guide vanes 604 have a suitable vane profile and are located anterior to the rotor which guide the fluid at an appropriate angle on the rotor vanes. Inlet guide vanes 604 are an integral part of one half of the casing and also support the shaft via an integral hub at another end. The outlet stay vanes 607 are located subsequent to the rotor on the superficial side of the turbine which serves the main function of supporting the rotor shaft at another end. The shaft 610 facilitates the mounting of the rotor. It is stationary with the rotor rotating over it via a bearing housed inside the rotor hub. Flanges 611 on both sides of the turbine enable the turbine to be easily connected along a pipe line. This facilitates ease of installation and provides a means of "bolt in bolt out" maintenance.
The generator consists of a rotor and a stator. The three essential parts of the turbine are front guide vanes, rear stay vanes, casing and a rotor. The rotor is the only rotating part of the system and in the case of an integrated permanent magnet generator, consists of turbine rotor and a generator rotor. The generator rotor consists of permanent magnets and the generator stator consists of coils. The generator stator is mounted in the cavity of the turbine's casing and positioned overhead the rotor from which power is extracted. The generator stator consists of stampings and winding which also form shape of a ring which will be assembled in the turbine casing. Fixed inlet guide vanes are mounted at the inlet for directing the flow of water onto the generator rotor thereby increasing the efficacy of power generation. Fixed outlet inlet guide vanes are provided for added strength. The generator stator and rotor are encapsulated in a thermally conducting and electrically insulating resin which makes it water resistant. The encapsulated permanent magnet generator is operable even at sub-zero temperatures.. The balance of system (BOS) is a small unit for each turbine which converts and/or maintains the required parameters constant like voltage, frequency. The BOS has the remote monitoring feature and also has a feature for remote operation. Herein no separate structure is required for BOS installation.

The hydro turbine runs essentially on potential energy and is fully enclosed within a cylindrical pipe/conduit/tube wherein the permanent magnet generator is integrated with the turbine unit. A close clearance path is created at the entry point of water flowing between the generator rotor and stator, to avoid entrance of any foreign debris or any foreign material. This arrangement also helps in cooling of the generator assembly, thereby maintaining an appropriate temperature in and around the turbine generator assembly and eliminating use of any system or equipment and/ or coolant and/ or oil for the same. The hydro turbine can be constructed using metals, composites or a combination of both. The turbine assembly is eco - friendly, anti- corrosive, easy to assemble, manufacture, install and maintain due to only single moving part mounted on a stationary shaft. The hydroelectric power generating system is adapted to generate power at low heads as well as high heads.
A typical hydro-electric power generation system is illustrated in FIGURE 1; the system is generally represented in FIGURE 1 by numeral 100. The hydro-electric power generation system 100 comprises a dam/weir 102 on the main stream of water, a side stream taken from the upstream side of the weir 102 and directed to the downstream side through an intake structure 104, a settling basin 106, a headrace 108, a forebay 110. a trash rack 112, a penstock 114, a control valve 116, a turbine generator 120, a draft tube 122 and a tailrace 124. The water from the settling basin 106 is directed via the headrace 108 and the forebay 110 into the penstock 114. The penstock 114 feeds the water to the turbine generator 120 via the control valve 116. The outlet water leaving the turbine generator 120 at 118 is directed by means of the draft tube 122 provided downstream of the turbine generator 120 into the tailrace 124. An end of the draft tube 122 is submerged in the tailrace 124 from where the water is carried back to the main stream.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the total potential head available at a dam/weir is divided into small heads and a number of propeller turbine generators, each utilizing a small head, are fitted in series in a pipe system which will carry the same flow through each of the turbine generators arranged in series. For this purpose, a simple light-weight axial flow propeller turbine generator unit is fitted into the pipe. In this arrangement, the penstock, the

turbine generator unit, the draft tube, bypass system, and control valves can be arranged below the ground level. FIGURE 2 illustrates a schematic of the in-pipe turbine and hydroelectric power generation system in accordance with the present disclosure; the system is generally referenced in FIG. 2 by numeral 200. The system 200 comprises multiple power-generation units (A. B & C). The first power generation unit A comprises a flow pipe 204 in communication with the weir 202, a flow-line comprising a first isolation valve 212, a turbine-generator unit 214. an expander /draft tube 216 and a second isolation valve 218, and a bypass line comprising a bypass pipe 206, a third isolation valve 210 and a pressure control valve 208. The consecutive power generation units B & C are provided in series with the first power generation unit A. The water from the weir 202 is received via the flow pipe 204 into the flow-line of the first power generation unit A. If the first power generation unit A is not functional, the water can be directed to'the consecutive power generation units, B and/or C, via the bypass pipe 206 of the bypass line in which a suitable pressure reduction device is used to reduce the pressure equivalent to the extraction of pressure in unit A to maintain rated pressure at unit B.
Referring to FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B, there is illustrated the impeller blades of the turbine in accordance with the present disclosure. FIG. 3A illustrates a sectional view of the impeller blades and FIG. 3B illustrates a side-view of the impeller blades and its fixing arrangement on a hub. A preferred embodiment of the turbine comprises separate impeller blades 300 assembled on separate hubs 302. The blades 300 are integral with the hubs 302, whereby different number of blades at varying angles can be used. The blades 300 are held in position by means of setscrew 304.
FIGURE 4 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the turbine-generator unit, in accordance with the present disclosure. In the turbine generator unit 400 a portion of the generator unit is placed outside the pipe. The turbine generator unit 400 is provided when the hub 302 diameters are small and power to be generated is high. The turbine generator unit 400 comprises an electrical stator 402, turbine rot of with blades 404, inlet guide vanes 406 on the upstream side, stay vanes 408 on the downstream side, an electric rotor 412 with permanent magnets assembled in the turbine rotor 404, and draft tube 410.

FIGURE 5 illustrates another preferred embodiment of the turbine-generator unit, in accordance with the present disclosure. In the turbine generator unit 500 the generator 502 is placed inside the hub. The turbine generator unit 500 is provided when the hub diameter of the turbine is greater than 400 mm. The turbine generator unit 500 comprises the generator 502, turbine rotor with blades 504, inlet guide vanes 506 on the upstream side, stay vanes 508 on the downstream side, and a draft tube 510.
FIGURE 6 illustrates a preferred embodiment of a power generating system in a vertical split section in accordance with the present invention. In the turbine generator unit 600, consists of inlet guide vanes 604, outlet stay vanes 607, generator rotor 609, generator stator 606, turbine rotor 605, external pipe 603. draft tube 608 and power cables 601.
FIGURE 7 illustrates a preferred embodiment of a power generating system in a horizontal split section in accordance with the present invention. In the turbine generator unit 700, consists of an upper casing 701 lower casing 702, and 703 is bolts for assembly of upper casing 701 and lower casing 702. The casing of the turbine is split horizontally in plane parallel to the turbine axis which allows lifting of the upper half of the turbine casing, facilitating ease of in-situ maintenance.
FIGURE 8 illustrates a preferred embodiment of installation methodology for turbine generator unit, in accordance with the present invention. The turbine generator unit 800 is placed along a pipeline with siphon arrangement with 801 as the inlet side through which the water enters from the point of higher potential in the water body into the pipe and 802 the draft tube or outlet side from where it exits the pipeline into the water body at the point of lower potential 804 is the outlet with valve connected to a vacuum pump which removes air from the pipeline creating vacuum to establish siphon and hence the flow of water through the system.
This flow drives the turbine and generator unit resulting in production of electrical power. The pipeline between the inlet and outlet sides and turbine can be located above the ground or underground. Multiple such pipelines with turbines can be installed in parallel based

vertical or tilted position as per site requirements i.e. the flow available at site and amount of power to be generated.
The invention is further described with the help of following non-limiting illustrations.
Illustration 1: Analysis and evaluation of the efficiency for the duty point of the turbine
assembly.
In an embodiment, a 40 kW turbine, of axial flow type with a Kinematic specific speed 177 metric or a dynamic specific speed of 513 metric based on unit power and a rated head of 10 meters. The rotor has three vanes with seven vanes on Inlet side at the entry of turbine and four plate type stay vanes at downstream of assembly. The duty point flow rate of the turbine as achieved is 482 Ips at a head 10 m at 1,500 RPM with efficiency of 84.14%, delivering mechanical power of 40 kW.
Results table:

Pressure results
Water
Density kg/m3 997
Mass flow at Inlet [kgs-1] 491.78
Mass flow at Outlet [kgs-1] -491.78

At Inlet
Mass Flow average at inlet Pressure Pa 98034.6

At Outlet
Mass Flow average at Outlet Pressure Pa 0.38
Result analysis:
Head loss in the interface between guide vane and rotor- 0.180m
Rotor losses- 1.158m
Outside rotor- 0.24m
Overall head loss- 1.578m
Turbine efficiency:-l-lead used/Head app!ied= (10-1.578)/! 0
= 84.22% Mass flow- 492 Ips Mech. Output= 40.61 kW

Torque: = 26.38 kg-m
Illustration 2: Analyses to obtain the efficiency for the duty point of the alternator.
In another embodiment, the generator is a 50 kW permanent magnet alternator with a rotating magnetic core (rotor) and stationary wire (stator) with magnet and coils.
Results tables:
1) Basic Performance

Basic performance Electrical Loading 25% Loading 50% Loading 75 % loading 100 % Loading
Voltage (Line to Line) 453.155 V 440.9 V 429.88 V 423.76 V
Current 19.09 A 36.77 A 53.74 A 70.003 A
Power 15.69 kW 29.69 kW 40.42 kW 53.03 kW
Copper Loss 177.55 W 676.9 W 1440.26 W 2431.92 W
Iron Loss 1.8 kW 1.8 kW 1.8 kW 1.8 kW
Total Loss 1.97 kW 2.476 kW 3.24 kW 4.23 kW
Efficiency 88% 92.3% 92.5% 92.6%
2) Magnetic Analysis

Parameters Results
Output Voltage VL = 423.76 V
Output Current(full load) I L = 70.03 A
Output Power 53.03 kW
3) Thermal Analysis

Part Maximum Temperature in deg C
Coil 50.656
Stator core 50.682
Rotor core 25.507
Magnets 25.685
Insulators 25.716
Assembly 50.68
4) Overall Design Summary

Parameter Description / Result
Generator type PMG-Radial Type
Generated output Power 50 kW
Generator Rated Voltage 415 VAC

Generator Rated Current 70 A
No of Phases 3
Connection Star
Generator Speed 167 RPM
Generator Frequency 50.1 Hz
Efficiency 92.6%

An efficiency of 92.6% at full load has been achieved. The temperatures are also within the allowable limit of 90 degree Celsius.
TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES:
An in-pipe turbine and hydro-electric power generation system, as described in the present disclosure has several technical advantages including but not limited to the realization of:
■ the system is simple, compact and modular and provides good energy efficiency;
■ the system can be adapted to a variety of hydraulic conditions, flows and head and
■ the systems easy to maintain without need for any specialized device
■ the system contains only a single moving part, shaft is stationary thereby making it easy for manufacturing, assembly, installation and maintenance
■ the system does not need a separate power house thereby reducing the civil construction, land availability causing minimum environmental impact
■ the generator is a permanent magnet (high efficiency) generator which is integral to the turbine thereby requiring no coupling, gearbox, external generator
Throughout this specification the word "comprise". or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step. or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.
The use of the expression "at least" or "at least one" suggests the use of one or more elements or ingredients or quantities, as the use may be in the embodiment of the disclosure to achieve one or more of the desired objects or results.

Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles or the like that has been included in this specification is solely for the purpose of providing a context for the disclosure. It is not to be taken as an admission that any or all of these matters form part of the prior art base or were common genera! knowledge in the field relevant to the disclosure as it existed anywhere before the priority date of this application.
The numerical values mentioned for the various physical parameters, dimensions or quantities are only approximations and it is envisaged that the values higher/lower than the numerical values assigned to the parameters, dimensions or quantities fall within the scope of the disclosure, unless there is a statement in the specification specific to the contrary.
In view of the wide variety of embodiments to which the principles of the present disclosure can be applied, it should be understood that the illustrated embodiments are exemplary only. While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the particular features of this disclosure, it will be appreciated that various modifications can be made, and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principle of the disclosure. These and other modifications in the nature of the disclosure or the preferred embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.

CLAIMS:
We claim,
1) An apparatus for generating electricity, comprising:
a conduit/ pipe/tube, a hydraulic turbine unit, a rotor, a turbine generator unit; the conduit/pipe/tube having an open forward end and an open rearward end, said conduit/pipe/lube adapted for fluid flow there through from said open forward end to said open rearward end:
a hydraulic turbine unit including front guide vanes, rear stay vanes and rotor assembly with a plurality of blades having an axis of rotation substantially parallel to a path of travel of fluid flowing through said tube, said axis of rotation being coincident with a longitudinal axis of symmetry of said tube; the rotor being the only rotatable part; said hydraulic turbine and said turbine hub immersed in said fluid flowing through said tube and said hydraulic turbine converting said water flow from hydraulic energy into mechanical energy, and from mechanical energy to electrical energy;
a turbine generator unit wherein the generator is encapsulated thereby making it water resistant and consists a predetermined number of permanent magnets for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, said predetermined number of permanent magnets depending upon rotational speed of said hydraulic turbine in order to generate a predetermined electrical frequency and is integrated with the hydraulic turbine enclosed within a conduit/tube/pipe along a single axis. The generator being integrated to the turbine thereby requiring no coupling, gearbox, external generator
2) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, the rotor assembly comprising:
a shrouded turbine rotor, a generator rotor, and the permanent magnets mounted onto the
generator rotor and draft lube:
in other variant the magnets can be mounted on the generator stator;
the said shrouded turbine rotor and the said integrated generator rotor being the only rotating
pan.
3) An apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the turbine rotor simplifies the system and
minimizes the maintenance, The bearings are preferably housed in the rotor to enable it to
rotate over the stationary shaft. The inlet guide vanes have a suitable vane profile and is
located anterior to the rotor which guide the fluid at an appropriate angel on the rotor. Inlet

guide vanes being an integral part of one half of the casing and also support the shaft at another end. The outlet stay vanes serves the main function of supporting the rotor shaft at another end.
4) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the turbine is fully enclosed in a casing with two halves assembled vertically and/or horizontally. The horizontal split casing provides ease of maintenance at sites as the upper casing can be removed for maintenance purpose without disconnecting the turbine from the pipeline.
5) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material of construction may vary but not limited to metals, non-metals and preferably composites and /or combination of both and more specifically fiber reinforced plastic or glass reinforced plastic. This further results in easier transportation, less weight, less maintenance, longer life due to anti corrosive nature and making it adaptable to many fluids.
6) An apparatus as claimed in claim I, provides a system which is adapted to a variety of hydraulic conditions and head heights, ranging from head heights across high, medium, low and ultra-low heads (from sub 1 m to 200 m) for power generation.
7) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, provides a method of installation, wherein the system can be installed with various alignments as like but not limited to vertical, horizontal and/ or titled. Method of installation for producing energy vary as per site requirements but could be siphon inlet flow arrangement and/or open channel type arrangement. The arrangement of the turbine with the system in synchronization enhances its effectivity and allows maximum power generation without stopping the water flow and without the necessity for a dam or diversion. The installation of the apparatus requires no separate BOS structure.
8) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1: provides for a method of generating electrical power from a fluid medium, wherein the method comprises forming a module by arranging a plurality of individual turbine generator units in communication with the fluid one of one above another and /or one beside another, allowing the fluid medium to flow through each of the plurality of turbine generator units at the same time, causing turbines of the plurality of turbine generator units to rotate, generating electrical power with generators in situ of the turbine generator units, and conducting the electrical power away from the generators via an

electrical transmission line, wherein each turbine generator unit comprises a rotor having permanent magnetic poles and a non-rotatable mounted stator. A bypass system is provided to ensure energy generation from the turbine generator unit in case of failure of any of the adjacent turbine generator unit by directing the fluid to the consecutive power generation units via the bypass pipe.
9) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a cross clearance path is provided between the generator rotor and stator to prevent any foreign debris or material from entering into the unit and creating hindrance in the working of the turbine generator unit. The arrangement thereby enhances cooling mechanism wherein the generator is submerged in the fluid thereby saving auxiliary power and /or energy consumption.
10) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system is easy to assemble and submerged or installed underground and/or fitted along the existing pipelines, without creating any bypass for dam and/or a separate dam/ weir, or any other construction since the assembly is compact with no components external to the turbine unit with flanged ends, thereby reducing the environmental impact, resulting in minimum land acquisition, deforestation and rehabilitation.