Field
The present invention relates to a treatment system and
a treatment method, for industrial waste water.
Background
Conventionally, industrial waste water 5 containing
organic matter from various industries has been treated by
biological treatments, such as standard activated sludge
processes. These standard activated sludge processes are
biological treatment processes, in which organic waste water
10 is aerobically subjected to biological treatments.
Industrial waste water discharged from various factories is
once collected in a buffer tank, and after effluent water
from this buffer tank is subjected to a primary treatment,
such as, for example, an oil-water separation treatment or a
15 coagulative precipitation treatment, a secondary treatment,
such as, for example, an activated sludge treatment, is
carried out.
In this activated sludge treatment, for example,
organic matter (phenol, benzene, and the like), nitrogen,
20 phosphorus, and the like, that are in the industrial waste
water are subjected to a biological treatment by use of
activated sludge, which is a population of various
microorganisms, so that effluent standards are fulfilled.
Further, treated water quality of the water that has been
25 subjected to the activated sludge treatment may be improved
by a reverse osmosis membrane apparatus (RO apparatus) after
the water has been subjected to a membrane treatment or the
like, and this water may then be reused.
In this activated sludge treatment, water quality of
30 the treated water flowing into an activated sludge treatment
tank in terms of nitrogen and phosphorus is demanded to be
maintained well at all times, and conventionally, for
example, it has been proposed to control at least one of:
3
circulating flow rate; return flow rate; aeration air flow;
carbon source injection rate; excess sludge flow rate;
returned water flow rate; and an early sediment bypass valve,
in a sewage treatment plant, by use of C/N ratio between
nitrogen components and organic components in influent 5 fluent water
flowing into the sewage treatment plant (Patent Literature
1).
Citation List
Patent Literature
10 Patent Literature 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent
Application Publication No. 2003-200190 A
Summary
Technical Problem
However, the proposal of Patent Literature 1 has a
15 problem that the proposal does not contribute to improvement
of organic matter treatment speed of organisms when organic
matter loading in the treated water is increased.
In particular, the countermeasure of Patent Literature
1 has a problem that, in a case where the organic matter
20 loading in the treated water is drastically increased in a
short period of time, the effect of the countermeasure is
less than the increase in the organic matter loading, and
thus worsening of the organic matter concentration in the
treated water is unavoidable and waste water standards are
25 unable to be fulfilled.
A fluctuation of 4% or more per hour on average (for
example, a case where the organic matter concentration
increases fivefold in about two hours), for example, is
supposed as the drastic increase in the organic matter
30 loading in a short period of time, but such a drastic
fluctuation is unable to be promptly dealt with by
conventional waste water treatment techniques.
4
Therefore, emergence of an industrial waste water
treatment system is longed for, the industrial waste water
treatment system enabling measures to be taken, the measures
increasing treatment speed of an activated sludge treatment
in advance even in a case where, for example, organic 5 ganic matter
loading in treated water is increased in a short period of
time when industrial estate waste water collected from
various factories is treated.
In view of the above described problems, an object of
10 the present invention is to provide a treatment system and a
treatment method, for industrial waste water, the treatment
system and treatment method enabling their treatment
performance to be already increased when a drastic increase
in organic matter concentration in treated water from an
15 industrial estate arrives at an activated sludge treatment
apparatus.
Solution to Problem
A first invention according to the present invention
for solving the above described problems is an industrial
20 waste water treatment system including a primary treatment
unit configured to perform a primary treatment on industrial
estate waste water, a secondary treatment unit configured to
perform a secondary treatment on influent water that has
been treated by the primary treatment unit, by using
25 activated sludge, an organic matter concentration
measurement unit configured to measure an organic matter
concentration in the industrial estate waste water flowing
into the primary treatment unit, and an activator dispensing
unit configured to dispense, into the secondary treatment
30 unit, an activator that activates important microorganisms
included in the activated sludge. The industrial waste
water treatment system is configured to determine, from a
result of the measurement by the organic matter
5
concentration measurement unit, a composition in the
influent water, perform dispensing of an activator
corresponding to the determined composition, and improve
activity of the important microorganisms by this dispensing
5 of the activator.
A second invention according to the first invention is
the industrial waste water treatment system. The primary
treatment unit has a buffer tank that temporarily receives
and stores therein the industrial estate waste water, and an
10 organic matter concentration in the industrial estate waste
water flowing into the buffer tank is measured by the
organic matter concentration measurement unit.
A third invention according to the first or second
invention is the industrial waste water treatment system
15 including a microorganism abundance ratio measurement unit
configured to perform abundance ratio measurement for the
important microorganisms of the secondary treatment unit.
The industrial waste water treatment system is configured to
determine, based on results measured by the microorganism
20 abundance ratio measurement unit, whether or not the
important microorganisms corresponding to the composition in
the influent water found from the result of the measurement
by the organic matter concentration measurement unit are
appropriate, and if, as a result of the determination, the
25 important microorganisms are not appropriate, the industrial
waste water treatment system is configured to improve
activity of important microorganisms contributing to an
activated sludge treatment in the secondary treatment unit
by dispensing an activator corresponding to the determined
30 composition.
A fourth invention according to the first or second
invention is the industrial waste water treatment system
including a respiration rate measurement unit configured to
6
find a state of activity of microorganisms of the secondary
treatment unit. The industrial waste water treatment system
is configured to determine whether or not a result of
measurement by the respiration rate measurement unit is
appropriate, and if, as a result of the determi5 nation,
the result is not appropriate, the industrial waste water
treatment system is configured to improve activity of
microorganisms contributing to a treatment in the secondary
treatment unit by dispensing an activator corresponding to
10 the determined composition.
A fifth invention according to any one of the second to
fourth inventions is the industrial waste water treatment
system including a bypass line that draws out a part of
influent water before the influent water flows into the
15 buffer tank, and that bypasses the primary treatment unit.
The industrial waste water treatment system is configured to
perform mixture with the influent water flowing into the
secondary treatment unit.
A sixth invention according to any one of the first to
20 fourth inventions is the industrial waste water treatment
system. If an organic matter concentration in the influent
water is high, a high concentration waste water storage tank
that temporarily stores the influent water having the high
organic matter concentration from the primary treatment unit
25 is provided, and the influent water having the high organic
matter concentration, instead of the activator, is mixed
with the influent water flowing into the secondary treatment
unit.
A seventh invention is an industrial waste water
30 treatment system including a primary treatment unit
configured to perform a primary treatment on industrial
estate waste water, a secondary treatment unit configured to
perform a secondary treatment on influent water that has
7
been treated by the primary treatment unit, by using
microorganisms, an activator dispensing unit configured to
dispense, into the secondary treatment unit, an activator
that activates the microorganisms, and a microorganism
abundance ratio measurement unit configured to 5 perform
analysis on types of important microorganisms of the
secondary treatment unit. The industrial waste water
treatment system is configured to determine, based on
results analyzed by the microorganism abundance ratio
10 measurement unit, whether or not the microorganisms
corresponding to a composition in the influent water are
appropriate, and if, as a result of the determination, the
microorganisms are not appropriate, the industrial waste
water treatment system is configured to improve activity of
15 important microorganisms contributing to an activated sludge
treatment of the secondary treatment unit by dispensing an
activator corresponding to the determined composition.
A eighth invention according to the seventh invention
is the industrial waste water treatment system. The primary
20 treatment unit has a buffer tank that temporarily receives
and stores therein the industrial estate waste water.
A ninth invention according to the eighth invention is
the industrial waste water treatment system including a
bypass line that draws out a part of influent water before
25 the influent water flows into the buffer tank, and bypasses
the primary treatment unit. The industrial waste water
treatment system is configured to perform mixture with the
influent water flowing into the secondary treatment unit.
A tenth invention according to any one of the seventh
30 to ninth inventions is the industrial waste water treatment
system. If an organic matter concentration in the influent
water is high, a high concentration waste water storage tank
that temporarily stores the influent water having the high
8
organic matter concentration from the primary treatment unit
is provided, and the influent water having the high organic
matter concentration, instead of the activator, is mixed
with the influent water flowing into the secondary treatment
unit5 .
A eleventh invention according to any one of the first
to tenth inventions is the industrial waste water treatment
system including a membrane treatment apparatus configured
to perform a membrane treatment on effluent water from the
10 secondary treatment unit, and a regeneration treatment
apparatus configured to regenerate the effluent water that
has been treated by the membrane treatment apparatus.
A twelfth invention is an industrial waste water
treatment method including a primary treatment process of
15 performing a primary treatment on industrial estate waste
water, a secondary treatment process of performing a
secondary treatment on influent water that has been treated
in the primary treatment process, by using activated sludge,
an organic matter concentration measurement process of
20 measuring an organic matter concentration in the industrial
estate waste water flowing into the primary treatment
process, and an activator dispensing process of dispensing,
into the secondary treatment process, an activator that
activates important microorganisms included in the activated
25 sludge. From a result of the measurement in the organic
matter concentration measurement process, a composition in
the influent water is determined, an activator corresponding
to the determined composition is dispensed, and activity of
the important microorganisms is improved by this dispensing
30 of the activator.
A thirteenth invention according to the twelfth
invention is the industrial waste water treatment method.
In the primary treatment process, the industrial estate
9
waste water is temporarily received and stored, and an
organic matter concentration in the industrial estate waste
water flowing in before this storage is measured.
A fourteenth invention according to the twelfth or
thirteenth invention is the industrial waste water 5 er treatment
method including a process of performing abundance ratio
measurement for the important microorganisms in the
secondary treatment process. Based on results of the
abundance ratio measurement for the important microorganisms,
10 whether or not microorganisms corresponding to the
composition in the influent water found from the result of
the measurement in the organic matter concentration
measurement process are appropriate is determined, and if,
as a result of the determination, the microorganisms are not
15 appropriate, activity of important microorganisms
contributing to an activated sludge treatment in the
secondary treatment process is improved by an activator
being dispensed, the activator corresponding to the
determined composition.
20 A fifteenth invention according to the twelfth or
thirteenth invention is the industrial waste water treatment
method including a respiration rate measurement process of
finding a state of activity of microorganisms of the
secondary treatment process. Whether or not a result of
25 measurement in the respiration rate measurement process is
appropriate is determined, and if, as a result of the
determination, the result is not appropriate, activity of
microorganisms contributing to a treatment in the secondary
treatment process is improved by an activator being
30 dispensed, the activator corresponding to the determined
composition.
A sixteenth invention according to any one of the
twelfth to fifteenth inventions is the industrial waste
10
water treatment method including a process of drawing out a
part of influent water before the influent water flows into
a storage process, and bypassing the primary treatment
process. Mixture with the influent water flowing into the
secondary 5 treatment process is performed.
A seventeenth invention according to any one of the
twelfth to sixteenth inventions is the industrial waste
water treatment method. If an organic matter concentration
of the influent water is high, a process of temporarily
10 storing influent water of the primary treatment process is
provided, and the influent water having the high organic
matter concentration, instead of the activator, is mixed
with the influent water flowing into the secondary treatment
process.
15 A eighteenth invention is an industrial waste water
treatment method including a primary treatment process of
performing a primary treatment on industrial estate waste
water, a secondary treatment process of performing a
secondary treatment on influent water that has been treated
20 in the primary treatment process, by using microorganisms,
an activator dispensing process of dispensing, into the
secondary treatment process, an activator that activates the
microorganisms, and a microorganism abundance ratio
measurement process of performing analysis on types of
25 important microorganisms of the secondary treatment process.
Based on results analyzed in the microorganism abundance
ratio measurement process, whether or not the microorganisms
corresponding to a composition in the influent water are
appropriate is determined, and if, as a result of the
30 determination, the microorganisms are not appropriate,
activity of important microorganisms contributing to an
activated sludge treatment in the secondary treatment
process is improved by an activator being dispensed, the
11
activator corresponding to the determined composition.
A nineteenth invention according to the eighteenth
invention is the industrial waste water treatment method.
In the primary treatment process, the industrial estate
waste water is temporarily received and stored in 5 n a buffer
tank.
A twentieth invention according to the nineteenth
invention is the industrial waste water treatment method
including a bypass line process of drawing out a part of
10 influent water before the influent water flows into the
buffer tank, and bypassing the primary treatment process.
Mixture with the influent water flowing into the secondary
treatment process is performed.
A twenty-first invention according to any one of the
15 twelfth to twentieth inventions is the industrial waste
water treatment method. If an organic matter concentration
of the influent water is high, the influent water having the
high organic matter concentration from the primary treatment
process is temporarily stored in a high concentration waste
20 water storage tank, and the influent water having the high
organic matter concentration, instead of the activator, is
mixed with the influent water flowing into the secondary
treatment process.
A twenty-second invention according to any one of the
25 twelfth to twenty-first inventions is the industrial waste
water treatment method including a membrane treatment
process of performing a membrane treatment on effluent water
from the secondary treatment process, and a regeneration
treatment process of regenerating the effluent water that
30 has been treated in the membrane treatment process.
Advantageous Effects of Invention
According to the present invention, even in a case
where organic matter loading in treated water is increased
12
in a short period of time, for example, when industrial
estate waste water collected from various factories is
treated; by inclusion of an organic matter concentration
measurement unit that measures an organic matter
concentration in industrial waste water flowing in and 5 an
activator dispensing unit that dispenses, into a secondary
treatment unit, an activator that activates microorganisms,
measures for increasing, in advance, treatment speed of the
microorganisms in an activated sludge treatment apparatus,
10 which is the secondary treatment unit, are able to be taken.
Brief Description of Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an industrial waste
water treatment system according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another industrial
15 waste water treatment system according to the first
embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of yet another industrial
waste water treatment system according to the first
embodiment.
20 FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of still another
industrial waste water treatment system according to the
first embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another industrial
waste water treatment system according to the first
25 embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating relations between
treatment time and COD concentration (oxygen demand by use
of potassium dichromate (CODCr)) in an activated sludge
treatment apparatus.
30 FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of yet another industrial
waste water treatment system according to the first
embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of still another
13
industrial waste water treatment system according to the
first embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an industrial waste
water treatment system according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of 5 results
measured by a microorganism abundance ratio measurement unit.
FIG. 11 is a flow diagram of a process, in which the
microorganism abundance ratio measurement unit is used.
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an industrial waste
10 water treatment system according to a third embodiment.
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating results of
measurement of respiration rate.
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an industrial waste
water treatment system according to a fourth embodiment.
15 FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a relation between
treatment time and COD concentration in waste water.
FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating activated sludge
simulation results for concentration of treated water,
without an activator.
20 FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating activated sludge
simulation results for concentration of treated water, with
an activator.
FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating other activated
sludge simulation results for concentration of treated water,
25 with an activator.
Description of Embodiments
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present
invention will be described in detail, by reference to the
appended drawings. The present invention is not limited by
30 these embodiments, and when there are plural embodiments,
the present invention also includes those configured by
combining any of these embodiments.
First Embodiment
14
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an industrial waste
water treatment system according to a first embodiment.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, an industrial waste water
treatment system 10A according to this embodiment includes:
a buffer tank 12 that temporarily receives and 5 stores
therein industrial estate waste water 11; a primary
treatment unit 13 that performs a primary treatment on
effluent water 11A from the buffer tank 12; an activated
sludge treatment apparatus 14 that is a secondary treatment
10 unit that performs a secondary treatment on influent water
11B that has been treated by the primary treatment unit 13,
by using activated sludge; an organic matter concentration
measurement unit 15 that measures organic matter
concentration in the industrial estate waste water 11
15 flowing into the buffer tank 12; and an activator dispensing
unit 17 that dispenses, into the secondary treatment unit,
an activator 16 that activates important microorganisms
included in the activated sludge of the activated sludge
treatment apparatus 14; and from a result of the measurement
20 by the organic matter concentration measurement unit 15, a
composition in the influent water 11B is determined,
dispensing of the activator 16 corresponding to the
determined composition is performed by a control unit 20,
and by this dispensing of the activator 16, activity of
25 microorganisms is improved.
According to this embodiment, in a case where, for
example, organic matter loading in the industrial estate
waste water 11, which is collected from various factories
and is treated water, increases in a short period of time
30 when the industrial estate waste water 11 is treated; for a
fluctuation thereof of 4% or more per hour on average, for
example, by the inclusion of the organic matter
concentration measurement unit 15 that measures the organic
15
matter concentration in the industrial estate waste water 11
flowing into the buffer tank 12 and the activator dispensing
unit 17 that dispenses, into the secondary treatment unit,
the activator 16 that activates the activated sludge, an
industrial waste water treatment system is able to 5 be
provided, the industrial waste water treatment system
enabling measures to be taken, the measures increasing, in
advance, treatment speed of the microorganisms in the
activated sludge treatment apparatus 14 that is the
10 secondary treatment unit.
The value, 4%, referred to in the expression,
"fluctuation of 4% or more per hour", is the maximum value
(10C) of growth rate of the microorganisms composing the
activated sludge. If the rate of increase in the organic
15 matter concentration is equal to or less than 4%/H,
according to the load fluctuation, the activated sludge is
able to undergo growth. In contrast, if the rate exceeds
4%/H, the growth of the activated sludge will not catch up
with the increase in the organic matter concentration, and
20 the treated water will be deteriorated.
In contrast, even if the increase in the organic matter
concentration exceeds 4%/H, when, like in this embodiment,
the activated sludge is activated by input of the activator
16 after increase in organic matter concentration in
25 influent water is observed by the organic matter
concentration measurement unit 15 and before that high
concentration waste water arrives at the activated sludge
treatment apparatus 14, the increase in the concentration of
the treated water is reduced.
30 As the fluctuation of 4% or more per hour on average,
for example, a case where the organic matter concentration
increases fivefold in about two hours is supposed, but the
embodiment is not limited to this case.
16
According to the present invention, the industrial
estate waste water 11 is a mixture of household waste water
(sewage) and industrial waste water, which are generated in
an industrial estate. Although organic matter sources in a
composition of the industrial waste water depend on kinds 5 of
operations in the real estate: for example, oils, such as
lubricating oils; paints; solvents; liquid organic waste;
carbohydrate solutions; juices; acid fermentation liquids;
and oils and fats, correspond to the organic matter sources.
10 The organic matter concentration measurement unit 15
measures the organic matter concentration in the industrial
estate waste water 11 when the industrial estate waste water
11 flows into the buffer tank 12. Examples of an index for
measuring the organic matter concentration include,
15 biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand
(COD), total organic carbon (TOC), oil content, and
ultraviolet absorbance.
There are two types of COD, which are: oxygen demand by
use of potassium permanganate (CODMn); and oxygen demand by
20 use of potassium dichromate (CODCr).
The organic matter concentration measurement unit 15
measures the organic matter concentration in the industrial
estate waste water 11, and sends a result of the measurement
to the control unit 20.
25 The primary treatment unit 13 includes, for example, an
oil-water separation unit 13A, a coagulative precipitation
unit 13B, and a storage tank 13C; and performs the primary
treatment on the industrial estate waste water 11. An early
sedimentation apparatus, or the like, may be added.
30 The buffer tank 12 stores therein the industrial estate
waste water 11 for a certain period of time, and has
hydraulic retention time (HRT). Herein, the hydraulic
retention time (HRT (H)) = volume of buffer tank [m3]/flow
17
rate of liquid Q [m3/h]. As to the primary treatment unit,
although the primary treatment unit 13 is configured to
include the buffer tank 12 in this embodiment, the present
invention may include a primary treatment unit 13 without
5 the buffer tank 12.
The secondary treatment unit corresponds to the
activated sludge treatment apparatus 14, and a method
thereof. Specifically, examples thereof include: a standard
activated sludge process; a membrane bioreactor (MBR); a
10 method, in which a microfiltration membrane (MF membrane) or
an ultrafiltration membrane (UF membrane) is used; a biofilm
reactor (BFR); and a method, in which an organism
carrier is used.
The following (1) to (8) are examples of a combination
15 of the secondary treatment unit, a membrane separation
apparatus provided downstream therefrom, and a regeneration
apparatus for water regeneration provided downstream
therefrom.
(1) A combination where the secondary treatment unit is
20 a standard activated sludge process, the membrane treatment
apparatus is an ultrafiltration membrane (UF membrane), and
the regeneration apparatus is a reverse osmosis membrane
apparatus
(2) A combination where the secondary treatment unit is
25 a standard activated sludge process, the membrane treatment
apparatus is a microfiltration membrane (MF membrane), and
the regeneration apparatus is a reverse osmosis membrane
apparatus
(3) A combination where the secondary treatment unit is
30 a membrane bioreactor (MBR), and the regeneration apparatus
is a reverse osmosis membrane apparatus
(4) A combination where the secondary treatment unit is
a bio-film reactor (BFR), the membrane treatment apparatus
18
is an ultrafiltration membrane (UF membrane), and the
regeneration apparatus is a reverse osmosis membrane
apparatus
(5) A combination where the secondary treatment unit is
a bio-film reactor (BFR), the membrane 5 embrane treatment apparatus
is a microfiltration membrane (MF membrane), and the
regeneration apparatus is a reverse osmosis membrane
apparatus
(6) A combination where the secondary treatment unit is
10 a bio-film reactor (BFR) and a membrane bioreactor (MBR),
and the regeneration apparatus is a reverse osmosis membrane
apparatus
(7) A combination where the secondary treatment unit is
an organism carrier, the membrane treatment apparatus is an
15 ultrafiltration membrane (UF membrane), and the regeneration
apparatus is a reverse osmosis membrane apparatus
(8) A combination where the secondary treatment unit is
an organism carrier, the membrane treatment apparatus is a
microfiltration membrane (MF membrane), and the regeneration
20 apparatus is a reverse osmosis membrane apparatus
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another industrial
waste water treatment system according to the first
embodiment.
In an industrial waste water treatment system 10B of
25 this embodiment, a membrane treatment apparatus (UF membrane,
MF membrane, or MBR) 31 is further provided downstream from
the activated sludge treatment apparatus 14 that is the
secondary treatment unit, and a reverse osmosis membrane
apparatus 32 having a reverse osmosis membrane (RO membrane)
30 is further provided downstream from the membrane treatment
apparatus 31, so that regenerated water 33 is manufactured,
the reverse osmosis membrane apparatus 32 being a water
regeneration apparatus that performs treatment on treated
19
water 11D from the membrane treatment apparatus 31. The
reference sign 34 corresponds to concentrated water.
Other than the use of the reverse osmosis membrane
apparatus 32, as a water regeneration method, for example, a
nano-filter (NF), electrodialysis (5 ED), electrodialysis
reversal (EDR), or electrostatic deionization (CDI) may be
used.
As a result, since the activator has been dispensed and
the treatment speed has been increased in advance against a
10 fluctuation in the organic matter concentration, significant
increase in the organic matter concentration flowing into
the reverse osmosis membrane apparatus 32 in the
regeneration process is able to be prevented. As a result,
fouling (for example, biofouling, and chemical fouling) of
15 the RO membrane is able to be prevented.
[0048] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of yet another
industrial waste water treatment system according to the
first embodiment.
In an industrial waste water treatment system 10C of
20 this embodiment, a membrane separation activated sludge
treatment apparatus (MBR) 15A is provided instead of the
activated sludge treatment apparatus 14 that is the
secondary treatment unit in the industrial waste water
treatment system 10B illustrated in FIG. 2, and the reverse
25 osmosis membrane apparatus 32 that is a water regeneration
apparatus that performs treatment on treated water 11C from
the membrane separation activated sludge treatment apparatus
15A is provided downstream from the membrane separation
activated sludge treatment apparatus 15A, so that
30 regenerated water 33 is manufactured.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of still another
industrial waste water treatment system according to the
first embodiment.
20
In an industrial waste water treatment system 10D of
this embodiment, a biological membrane treatment apparatus
(BFR) 15B is provided instead of the activated sludge
treatment apparatus 14 that is the secondary treatment unit
in the industrial waste water treatment system 105 B
illustrated in FIG. 2, the membrane treatment apparatus (for
example, a UF membrane) 31 is further provided, and the
reverse osmosis membrane apparatus 32 that is a water
regeneration apparatus that performs treatment on treated
10 water 11D from the membrane treatment apparatus 31 is
further provided downstream from the membrane treatment
apparatus 31, so that regenerated water 33 is manufactured.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another industrial
waste water treatment system according to the first
15 embodiment.
In an industrial waste water treatment system 10E of
this embodiment, the biological membrane treatment apparatus
(BFR) 15B is provided upstream of the membrane separation
activated sludge treatment apparatus (MBR) 15A that is the
20 secondary treatment unit in the industrial waste water
treatment system 10C illustrated in FIG. 3, and the reverse
osmosis membrane apparatus 32 that is a water regeneration
apparatus that performs treatment on treated water 11C from
the membrane separation activated sludge treatment apparatus
25 (MBR) 15A is provided downstream from the membrane
separation activated sludge treatment apparatus (MBR) 15A,
so that regenerated water 33 is manufactured.
In this embodiment, a bypass line 35 that normally
bypasses the biological membrane treatment apparatus 15B is
30 provided, and when there is a fluctuation and treatment in
the biological membrane treatment apparatus 15B is needed, a
valve 36 of the bypass line 35 is closed, rough treatment is
performed in the biological membrane treatment apparatus 15B,
21
and thereafter main treatment is performed in the membrane
separation activated sludge treatment apparatus (MBR) 15A.
As the activator 16 to be dispensed to the activated
sludge treatment apparatus 14, any of, for example: organic
matter and carbon sources (alcohols, such as ethanol 5 and
methanol; hydrocarbons, such as glucose; aromatic
hydrocarbons, such as phenol; saccharides; and organic acids,
such as acetic acid); nutritive salts (such as nitrogen,
phosphorus, and potassium); and microbiologic agents (such
10 as activated sludge, microorganisms, yeast, and dry matter
thereof), may be used. The drying method therefor may be
unheated vacuum drying, freeze drying, or the like. The
activator 16 may also be: an extract (such as yeast extract,
or meat extract); waste (such as liquid organic waste, a
15 carbohydrate solution, a juice, an acid fermentation liquid,
an oil, or a fat); high concentration waste water (such as
waste water having a concentration at least higher than that
of the industrial waste water measured by the organic matter
concentration measurement unit) (the high concentration
20 waste water generated from the industrial estate waste water
is temporarily stored and used little by little upon such
load fluctuation); activated sludge (such as a concentrate
of activated sludge generated in the facility, or dewatered
sludge); or the like.
25 In this system, a role of the primary treatment unit 13
is to smooth the load fluctuation (concentration
fluctuation) due to the buffer tank 12 in particular, and by
application of the activator 16 after implementation of this
smoothing, larger concentration fluctuation is able to be
30 dealt with.
Therefore, preferably, the hydraulic retention time
(HRT) of this smoothing is two hours or longer, and more
desirably three hours or longer. Further, a time period
22
from the measurement by the organic matter concentration
measurement unit 15 to the arrival at the secondary
treatment unit (activated sludge treatment apparatus 14) is
preferably two hours or longer, and more desirably three
5 hours or longer.
FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a relation between
treatment time and COD concentration in waste water. In FIG.
15, the horizontal axis corresponds to the time, and the
vertical axis corresponds to the COD concentration.
10 FIG. 15 illustrates effects due to smoothing of
concentration due to the buffer tank 12 and delay in arrival
due to the primary treatment unit 13.
In FIG. 15, the industrial estate waste water 11 that
is raw water corresponds to COD concentration by the organic
15 matter concentration measurement unit 15. This is
illustrated with a broken line in the figure. Hydraulic
retention time HRT2H corresponds to COD concentration in the
buffer tank 12 or in the effluent water 11A. This is
illustrated with an alternate long and short dash line in
20 the figure. Arrival time + 2H corresponds to COD
concentration in the storage tank 13C or in the influent
water 11B. This is illustrated with a solid line in the
figure.
Calculation was performed under conditions where a
25 complete mixing tank was supposed as the form of the
container, for the hydraulic retention time HRT2H of the
buffer tank 12.
A total volume of the oil-water separation unit 13A,
the coagulative precipitation unit 13B, and the storage tank
30 13C was assumed to be twice the flow rate (corresponding to
an arrival time of two hours), and a plug flow tank (where
there is no mixture of upper stream and lower stream) was
supposed as the form of the container.
23
[0055] In FIG. 15, firstly by smoothing of concentration
by the buffer tank 12, the COD concentration is reduced
(reference sign A in FIG. 15). In this case, the maximum
concentration becomes low, the minimum concentration becomes
high, and the change in concentration over time 5 becomes
gentle.
Thereby, by a drastic fluctuation of organic matter
concentration (= high concentration raw water) being changed
to a gentle fluctuation of concentration, treatment within
10 organic matter treatment performance of the activated sludge
is enabled, or treatment is enabled due to improvement in
treatment performance associated with growth of the
activated sludge.
A delay in arrival of high concentration raw water due
15 to the buffer tank 12, the oil-water separation unit 13A,
the coagulative precipitation unit 13B, and the storage tank
13C is caused (reference numeral B in FIG. 15).
By addition of the activator in a time period of this
delay in arrival, in a period up to arrival of a high peak
20 of organic matter to the activated sludge tank, the amount
of activated sludge is able to be increased or the activity
of the activated sludge is able to be increased.
FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 are diagrams each illustrating
activated sludge simulation results for concentration of
25 treated water, with or without an activator. In each of FIG.
16 and FIG. 17: the upper graph illustrates a relation
between time and organic matter concentration [mg/L] of raw
water (industrial waste water); and in the lower graph, the
horizontal axis corresponds to time, the left vertical axis
30 to organic matter concentration [mg/L] of treated water, and
the right vertical axis to concentration [mg/L] of activated
sludge.
FIG. 16 corresponds to a case without the activator,
24
and FIG. 17 corresponds to a case with the activator.
In the case of FIG. 16 (without the activator), in the
9th to 11th hours, waste water having a high concentration
of 1500 mg/L flows into the activated sludge tank, and the
concentration of the treated water 5 er increases simultaneously
therewith and becomes 72 mg/L at most.
Simultaneously with this inflow (in the 9th hour), the
concentration of activated sludge starts to increase, but is
unable to increase up to an activated sludge concentration
10 that enables treatment of the increase in the organic matter
concentration of the raw water.
Accordingly, even if the concentration of activated
sludge starts to increase after the organic matter
concentration in the raw water increases, the increase in
15 the organic matter concentration of the raw water is unable
to be dealt with.
In contrast, in the case of FIG. 17 (with the
activator), although the organic matter concentration of the
raw water increases in the 9th to 11th hours, in response to
20 detection of an increase in the concentration, the activator
is added in advance in the 1st to 3rd hours. The activator
concentration is 750 mg/L, which is 1/2 of the value of the
high concentration waste water (= 1500 mg/L).
Thereby, the concentration of activated sludge starts
25 to increase, and by the time the high concentration waste
water in the 9th hour arrives, the sludge concentration is
able to be already increased "in advance".
As described above, in the case with the activator, the
organic matter concentration of the treated water is 50 mg/L
30 at most, and as compared to the case without the activator
(72 mg/L), the concentration is able to be reduced therefrom.
By the addition of the activator, the treated water is
temporarily deteriorated, and thus, the addition
25
concentration and time of the activator need to be adjusted
so as to maintain the concentration of the treated water in
a permissible range.
The apparatus in this numerical simulation is formed of
a single membrane bioreactor tank (one MBR), and 5 d reactions
that have been taken into consideration are: adsorption of
organic matter to the activated sludge; oxidative
decomposition of the adsorbed organic matter by the
activated sludge; and autolysis of the activated sludge.
10 Next, an operation method of waste water treatment by
use of the industrial waste water treatment system according
to this embodiment will be described.
Since certain waste water is discharged from each
factory, normally, there is not much fluctuation in the
15 industrial estate waste water 11. However, in a case where
a drastic fluctuation in the concentration is detected, for
example, in a case where an increase of the organic matter
concentration fivefold in two hours is detected, by the
organic matter concentration measurement unit 15; the
20 control unit 20 determines that the case is abnormal.
As a result of this determination, the activator 16 is
added to the activated sludge treatment apparatus 14 of the
secondary treatment unit from the activator dispensing unit
17, and a high organic matter concentration state is created
25 in advance in the activated sludge treatment apparatus 14
before the fluctuation of the concentration of the treated
water arrives the activated sludge treatment apparatus 14.
A range of this high organic matter concentration is
desirably a concentration range that is from about the same
30 as the above-described detected concentration, to about 1/2
of the above described detected concentration. The time
period during which the organic matter concentration is made
high is desirably a short period of time equal to or longer
26
than ten minutes and less than two hours.
Further, as to the addition frequency of the activator
16, the activator 16 may be added continuously as described
above, or may be added a plural number of times
5 intermittently.
As described above, the addition concentration of the
activator 16 is 100% to 50%, the addition time period is
equal to or longer than ten minutes and less than two hours,
and the addition frequency is continuous or intermittent;
10 but most desirably, the amount of activated sludge is the
minimum amount, by which the concentration of the treated
water upon inflow of high concentration waste water becomes
equal to or less than the permissible range.
Specifically, the addition is performed continuously by
15 use of the whole time period in which the high concentration
waste water arrives (eight hours during the 1st to 9th hours
in FIG. 17). The lower the concentration after that mixture
of the activator is able to be made, the more reduced the
deterioration of the concentration of the treated water and
20 the increase in the activator addition cost are able to be.
FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating other activated
sludge simulation results for concentration of treated water,
with an activator.
FIG. 18 is a case where the activator 16 is
25 continuously added (upper graph in FIG. 18), the maximum
value of the organic matter concentration in the treated
water is 32 mg/L, and as compared to the maximum value, 50
mg/L, of the organic matter concentration in the treated
water in FIG. 17, further reduction is possible.
30 Further, results of the measurement of organic matter
concentration over time by the organic matter concentration
measurement unit 15 may be input, as input conditions, to an
arithmetic unit, the concentration of the treated water 11C
27
may be predicted by numerical simulation in this arithmetic
unit, and the addition concentration of the activator 16 may
be determined so that the concentration of this treated
water 11C satisfies a predetermined condition (for example,
a treated water concentration reference value, or the 5 like).
The activator 16 is added by the control unit 20 via the
activator dispensing unit 17 so that the determined addition
concentration is obtained.
The treated water concentration reference value is a
10 numerical value arbitrarily set by a user, a manager, or the
like, of the waste water treatment facility, and refers to a
concentration demanded for the treated water. The treated
water concentration reference value is the concentration
demanded for the treated water, because the treated water
15 concentration reference value depends on downstream use
conditions and legal restraints, for example, the downstream
use conditions being conditions of concentration of water
supplied to the reverse osmotic membrane RO, the legal
restraints corresponding to effluent water quality standards
20 voluntarily set forth by the country, municipality, or waste
water treatment sump.
Effects of the operation of the present invention
include, in addition to the reduction in the organic matter
concentration, for example, reduction in the nitrogen
25 concentration, phosphorus concentration, suspended solid
concentration, and the like.
Further, examples of treated water quality can include
the concentration of the water that has been subjected to
the activated sludge treatment being equal to or less than a
30 CODcr of 50 mg/L according to voluntary standards in the
waste water treatment and regeneration plant.
Other examples of the reference value include, for
example, according to Effluent Standards under Water
28
Pollution Prevention Act, BOD  160 mg/L, CODmn  160 mg/L,
and the like.
Further, examples of effluent standards of waste water
treatment facilities can include, for example, standards,
such as BOD  10 mg/L, COD  20 mg/L, total nitrogen  5 10
mg/L, total phosphorus  1 mg/L, and the like, but the
present invention is not limited to these examples.
According to this embodiment, by the activated sludge
being made to experience high organic matter concentration
10 in advance before a drastic increase in the concentration in
the activated sludge treatment apparatus 14, the treatment
speed of the activated sludge is able to be increased, or
the concentration of the sludge is able to be increased.
Thereby, by the time the drastic increase in the
15 concentration arrives at the activated sludge treatment
apparatus 14, the treatment performance of the
microorganisms in the activated sludge treatment apparatus
14 is increased already.
If the method of the present invention is not used, the
20 increase in the sludge concentration or treatment speed
needed for the speed of increase in the organic matter
concentration is unable to be obtained, the organic matter
concentration of the treated water is increased, and the
water quality of the treated water is deteriorated.
25 FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating relations between
treatment time and COD concentration (oxygen demand by use
of potassium dichromate (CODCr)) in an activated sludge
treatment apparatus.
In FIG. 6, for steady operation, the COD value of the
30 influent waster water is about 300 mg/L.
In this steady operation, as illustrated with the
reference sign, "a", in this figure, when the concentration
is changed (the COD value is increased to 1500 mg/L), high
29
concentration operation is reached.
In this high concentration operation, the COD
concentration in the activated sludge treatment apparatus 14
gradually increases in the activated sludge treatment
5 apparatus 14 if the COD is not treated (dotted line).
The COD is subjected to treatment in the activated
sludge treatment apparatus 14, and the COD concentration is
reduced for effluence.
Further, in a case without the activator 16 (not added
10 1), as the concentration of influent waste water to the
activated sludge treatment apparatus 14 increases, the
concentration of effluent waste water from the activated
sludge treatment apparatus 14 increases, and the waste water
standards (for example, a waste water reference value of 50
15 mg/L) are not fulfilled.
Further, in a case without the activator 16 (not added
2), as the concentration increases, the concentration
increases, and the waste water standards are not temporarily
fulfilled, but when the activity of the microorganisms
20 thereafter is increased and the treatment speed is improved,
the concentration of the effluent waste water is reduced
(open circles in the figure).
[0076] In contrast, in a case where the activator 16 is
dispensed before the increase to the high concentration,
25 since measures for increase in the treatment speed of the
activated sludge in the activated sludge treatment apparatus
14 in advance are able to be taken, the increase in the COD
concentration results in a small fluctuation.
As described above, according to this embodiment, by
30 detection in advance of a drastic load fluctuation by the
organic matter concentration measurement unit 15 and
addition of the activator 16 in the activated sludge
treatment apparatus 14 according to a result of the
30
detection, the treatment speed of the activated sludge
treatment is able to be increased and going over waste water
standard values is able to be prevented. As a result, even
if there is a drastic fluctuation in the concentration, for
example, waste water standards for the treated water 11C 5 are
able to be satisfied at all times.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another industrial
waste water treatment system according to the first
embodiment.
10 As illustrated in FIG. 7, in an industrial waste water
treatment system 10F according to this embodiment, a bypass
line 23, which makes a part 11a of the industrial estate
waste water 11 introduced into the buffer tank 12 bypass the
primary treatment unit 13, and which introduces the part 11a
15 to an upstream side of the activated sludge treatment
apparatus 14, is provided, such that the bypassed part 11a
of the industrial estate waste water 11 is mixed with the
influent water 11B flowing into the activated sludge
treatment apparatus 14.
20 When the concentration of the industrial estate waste
water 11 is detected to be high by the organic matter
concentration measurement unit 15, the part 11a thereof is
bypassed and charged into the activated sludge treatment
apparatus 14.
25 This amount of the bypass is equal to or less than 50%
of the flow rate into the activated sludge treatment
apparatus 14, and upon the introduction into the activated
sludge treatment apparatus 14, the bypass is carried out
such that the concentration becomes lower than (about 1/2
30 of) that of the high concentration waste water.
As a result, by the stagnation time needed for the
treatment in the primary treatment unit 13 being skipped;
before the high concentration waste water via the primary
31
treatment unit 13 arrives, high concentration waste water of
the same composition is able to be used as the activator.
Since the composition to be added as the activator is
the same as the composition of the high concentration waste
water that arrives via the primary treatment unit 13, 5 the
effect of improvement in the activity of the activated
sludge by the activator in the activated sludge treatment
apparatus 14 is able to be increased more, and the treatment
speed of the high concentration waste water arriving via the
10 primary treatment unit 13 is able to be increased.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another industrial
waste water treatment system according to the first
embodiment.
As illustrated in FIG. 8, in an industrial waste water
15 treatment system 10G according to this embodiment, when the
influent water 11B before flowing into the activated sludge
treatment apparatus 14 is high concentration waste water, a
part 11b of that high concentration influent water is
separated and stored into a high concentration influent
20 water storage tank 24, and according to the treatment
performance of the activated sludge thereafter, the part 11b
is supplied.
In this case, the supply to the activated sludge
treatment apparatus 14 does not need to be carried out
25 continuously and constantly, and may be carried out less at
an early stage of the supply of the activator when the
treatment performance is low and more at a later stage of
the supply of the activator. Further, in a case where the
organic matter concentration is low and the addition of the
30 activator 16 is not needed, rather, by increase in the
concentration through continuous addition of the high
concentration influent water 11b little by little, the
treatment performance is able to be increased. Since
32
increase in the concentration and decrease in the
concentration are both not desirable in biological
treatments, rather than by the concentration being changed
by the activator 16, by the temporarily stored high
concentration influent water 11b being added 5 while the
amount of supply of the high concentration influent water
11b is adjusted, the concentration is able to be maintained
constantly.
In the first embodiment, although the activator 16 is
10 dispensed by use of the organic matter concentration
measurement unit 15, if an increase in the organic matter
concentration is known in advance, regardless of whether or
not the measurement of the organic matter concentration is
done, the activator 16 is able to be added.
15 For example, the organic matter concentration in
industrial estates has been empirically known to increase at
a time of high operation. Thus, by addition of the
activator 16 a few days before the time of high operation,
the increase in the organic matter concentration due to the
20 time of high operation is able to be dealt with in advance.
As described above, the activator 16 may be used in advance,
based on an operation plan.
For that, the organic matter concentration measurement
unit 15 determines whether or not the organic matter
25 concentration in waste water is within a supposed range, and
if it is within the supposed range, the activator 16 does
not need to be dispensed. In contrast, if it is confirmed
that there is an increase in the concentration more than
supposed, the activator 16 is dispensed, and preparation for
30 waste water treatment for the high concentration may be made.
Second Embodiment
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an industrial waste
water treatment system according to a second embodiment. To
33
members that are the same as those of the configuration of
the first embodiment, the same reference signs will be
appended and redundant description thereof will be omitted.
As illustrated in FIG. 9, an industrial waste water
treatment system 10H according to this embodiment 5 further
includes, in the industrial waste water treatment system 10A
of the first embodiment, a microorganism abundance ratio
measurement unit 21 that executes analysis (identification
and quantification) on types of important microorganisms of
10 the activated sludge treatment apparatus 14 that is the
secondary treatment unit. Based on results measured by this
microorganism abundance ratio measurement unit 21, whether
or not the important microorganisms corresponding to the
composition in the industrial estate waste water 11 found
15 from a measurement result of the organic matter
concentration measurement unit 15 are appropriate is
determined; and if, as a result of the determination, the
important microorganisms are not appropriate, the activity
of the important microorganisms contributing to the
20 activated sludge treatment of the activated sludge treatment
apparatus 14 is improved by addition of the activator 16
corresponding to the determined composition.
The important microorganisms measured by this
microorganism abundance ratio measurement unit 21 refer to
25 microorganisms, which have been identified in advance by a
bacterial flora analysis method and are particularly
important to identification of the activated sludge, from
the microorganisms of the activated sludge treatment
apparatus 14.
30 Examples of these important microorganisms include
bacteria that increase in their ratios in the activated
sludge treatment, such as: organic matter decomposing
bacteria that decompose organic matter in waste water (for
34
example, Sphingobacteriales); petroleum component
decomposing bacteria that decompose petroleum components
(for example, Rhodocyclaceae); and autotrophic bacteria (for
example, Hydrogenophilaceae, and Thiobacillus).
Further, examples of the important 5 ant microorganisms can
include bacteria that are preferably reduced in their ratios
in the activated sludge treatment, such as anaerobic
bacteria (for example, Bacteroidales, Treponema, and W22).
In this embodiment, for identification of the important
10 microorganisms in advance by bacterial flora analysis, and
quick measurement of the identified important
microorganisms; PCR primers (forward primer and reverse
primer) and probes for microorganism abundance ratio
measurement are generated. Thereafter, realtime PCR by SYBR
15 Green method is executed, and balance of the important
microorganisms in the activated sludge treatment apparatus
14 is checked.
Specifically, by execution of PCR with 16SrRNA or rDNA
being a template, by use of a primer that detects particular
20 organic matter decomposing bacteria of Sphingobacteriales,
and a forward primer and a reverse primer having sequences
of probes; a nucleic acid fragment having a base sequence
between the pair of primers and having been amplified is
able to be obtained, and the ratio of, for example, the
25 organic matter decomposing bacteria of Sphingobacteriales,
which are the important microorganisms, is able to be
measured.
When this PCR is executed, a nucleic acid fragment of a
particular sequence is preferably used as a probe by being
30 labeled with a labeling substance, because the state of
amplification in the process of PCR is able to be detected
thereby. As the labeled probe, a nucleic acid fragment may
be used, which is obtained by a nucleic acid fragment being
35
labeled by being bound with a labeling substance, such as a
radioactive element, an enzyme, a fluorescent substance, or
a chemical substance.
As a result of this measurement of the quantitative PCR,
what kind of ratios the important microorganisms of 5 the
activated sludge treatment apparatus 14 presently are in is
able to be known.
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of results
measured by the microorganism abundance ratio measurement
10 unit. As illustrated in FIG. 10, a measurement No. 1
indicates balance of bacteria in a case where the important
microorganisms are measured at a certain point when the
activated sludge treatment apparatus 14 is carrying out the
treatment (before start of addition of the activator). The
15 state of No. 1 has a distribution in which the ratio of
organic matter decomposing bacteria is large but the ratio
of nitrogen decomposing and autotrophic bacteria is small.
At such ratios, if the organic matter concentration
measurement unit 15 detects that the nitrogen component
20 concentration in the industrial estate waste water 11
upstream of the buffer tank 12 is high, since nitrogen
decomposition will be deficient if this state is maintained,
the activator 16 that improves the activity of the nitrogen
decomposing bacteria is added from the activator dispensing
25 unit 17.
Thereby, before the industrial estate waste water 11
having a high nitrogen component concentration arrives at
the activated sludge treatment apparatus 14, measures to
increase the treatment speed of the microorganisms in
30 advance are able to be taken.
Next, a measurement No. 2 indicates the balance in a
case where the important microorganisms are measured at a
certain point when the activated sludge treatment apparatus
36
14 is carrying out the treatment.
The state of No. 2 has a distribution in which the
ratio of the organic matter decomposing bacteria is small
and the ratio of nitrogen decomposing and autotrophic
5 bacteria is large.
At such ratios, if the organic matter concentration
measurement unit 15 detects that the organic component
concentration in the industrial estate waste water 11
upstream of the buffer tank 12 is high, since organic matter
10 decomposition will be deficient if this state is maintained,
the activator 16 that improves the activity of the organic
matter decomposing bacteria is added from the activator
dispensing unit 17.
Thereby, before the industrial estate waste water 11
15 having a high organic component concentration arrives at the
activated sludge treatment apparatus 14, measures to
increase the treatment speed of the microorganisms in
advance are able to be taken.
When, as a result of the addition of the activator 16
20 from this measurement state of No. 2, the ratios are
measured by microorganism abundance ratio measurement after
elapse of a predetermined time period, a state of No. 3 is
confirmed. The state of No. 3 corresponds to balance of
important microorganisms after the addition of the activator
25 that activates the organic matter decomposing bacteria, and
increase in the ratio of the organic matter decomposing
bacteria is able to be confirmed.
If, in such a state, the organic matter concentration
measurement unit 15 detects that the hydrogen component
30 concentration in the industrial estate waste water 11 is
high, since hydrogen decomposition will be deficient if this
state is maintained, the activator 16 that improves the
activity of hydrogen decomposing bacteria is added from the
37
activator dispensing unit 17.
That is, at an early stage, anaerobic bacteria is
abundant, but as the operation proceeds through the addition
of the activator 16, the anaerobic bacteria decrease, the
organic matter decomposing bacteria, petroleum 5 component
decomposing microorganisms, and nitrogen decomposing and
autotrophic microorganisms are increased, and thus the
ratios among the important microorganisms are changed.
Since these important microorganisms are related to the
10 treatment speed for organic matter, by the ratios among the
important microorganisms being known, the treatment
performance of the activated sludge treatment apparatus 14
is able to be measured.
By this measurement by the microorganism abundance
15 ratio measurement, the current treatment performance of the
activated sludge is able to be known.
If the treatment performance for organic matter is low
(for example, the BOD of the treated water is high), and as
a result of measurement through the microorganism abundance
20 ratio measurement, the operation state is not suitable; by
addition of the activator 16, the operation state is able to
be made suitable. Further, if the abundance ratio of the
important microorganisms that decompose main components of
the waste water is small, similarly, by addition of a
25 microbiologic agent, organic matter, a nutrient salt, or the
like, the decomposition speed of important organic matter is
improved.
An operation by a combination of the organic matter
concentration measurement unit and the microorganism
30 abundance ratio measurement unit will now be described.
FIG. 11 is a flow diagram of a process, in which the
microorganism abundance ratio measurement unit is used.
As illustrated in FIG. 11, balance of microorganisms in
38
the activated sludge treatment apparatus 14 is checked by
the microorganism abundance ratio measurement unit (for
example, a realtime PCR apparatus) 21 (S-1).
Next, as a result of measurement by the organic matter
concentration measurement unit 15, it is detected that 5 there
is a drastic load fluctuation (S-2).
It is determined whether or not the present balance of
microorganisms of the activated sludge treatment apparatus
14 is appropriate (S-3).
10 If it is appropriate as a result of the determination
(Yes), treatment is executed in the current state of the
activated sludge treatment apparatus 14 (S-4).
In contrast, if it is not appropriate as a result of
the determination (No), the activator 16 corresponding to
15 analysis by the organic matter concentration measurement
unit 15 is added from the activator dispensing unit 17 (S-5).
After elapse of a predetermined time period, it is
confirmed that the balance of bacteria is changed and
corresponds to the load fluctuation (S-6).
20 If it is not appropriate as a result of the
determination at Step (S-3), the following measures may be
taken further.
If the ratio of microorganisms desired to be grown is
small in the current balance of microorganisms of the
25 activated sludge treatment apparatus, the activator may be
added, and if the ratio of microorganisms (anaerobic
bacteria) desired to be decreased is large in the current
balance of microorganisms of the activated sludge treatment
apparatus, the amount of air or oxygen charged in may be
30 increased.
Further, if information, which indicates that waste
water will be contaminated with a petroleum based substance
in a certain factory, has been gathered from a few days
39
therebefore, in the first embodiment, the activator 16 is
normally added in preparation therefor, but in the second
embodiment, the microorganism abundance ratio measurement
unit 21 firstly measures ratios among the important
microorganisms, and if it is confirmed that the ratio 5 of
petroleum component decomposing bacteria is already
sufficient as a result of this measurement, the addition of
the activator 16 becomes unnecessary, and wasted addition of
the activator 16 is able to be avoided.
10 In this embodiment, as to the microorganism abundance
ratio measurement unit 21, although the realtime PCR
apparatus is used as a unit that executes bacterial flora
analysis quickly, the present invention is not limited
thereto, and for example, an abundance ratio of a particular
15 important microorganism may be measured by application of: a
method, in which messenger RNA or the like is analyzed; a
flow cytometry method, to which a probe that hybridizes a
specific DNA is applied and in which a particular
microorganism is optically analyzed; or the like.
20 Third Embodiment
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an industrial waste
water treatment system according to a third embodiment. To
members that are the same as those of the configuration of
the first embodiment, the same reference signs will be
25 appended and redundant description thereof will be omitted.
As illustrated in FIG. 12, an industrial waste water
treatment system 10I according to this embodiment: further
includes, in the industrial waste water treatment system 10A
of the first embodiment, a respiration rate measurement unit
30 22 that measures respiration rate of the activated sludge
treatment apparatus 14; determines whether or not a result
of the measurement by the respiration rate measurement unit
22 is appropriate; and if, as a result of the determination,
40
the result is not appropriate, improves activity of
microorganisms that contribute to treatment in the activated
sludge treatment apparatus 14 by adding the activator 16
corresponding to the determined composition.
By this analysis of the respiration rate, the 5 current
treatment performance of the activated sludge is able to be
known.
A relation between decomposition of organic matter and
consumption of dissolved oxygen DO corresponds to the
10 following reaction, and oxygen is consumed when organic
matter is decomposed. Therefore, from rate of decrease in
oxygen concentration, decomposition rate of organic matter
is able to be guessed. For example, decomposition of
glucose will be expressed.
15 C6H12O6 + O2  6CO2 + 6H2O
Therefore, if the treatment performance for organic
matter is low (for example, the BOD of the treated water is
high), and as a result of the measurement of the respiration
rate, the operation state is not suitable, by addition of
20 the activator, the operation state is able to be made
suitable.
By this measurement of the respiration rate, when the
respiration rate with respect to a main component of the
waste water is less than a predetermined value: a
25 microbiologic agent or organic matter (= same as the main
component of the waste water), which is suitable for
decomposition of that substance; a nutritive salt; or the
like is added as the activator.
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating results of
30 measurement of respiration rate.
In FIG. 13, the horizontal axis indicates time and the
vertical axis indicates dissolved oxygen concentration.
As a respiration rate measuring device, "TS checker
41
(trade name)", which is made by Ogawa Environment Research
Institute, Inc., was used.
In this graph, the rate of decrease in the dissolved
oxygen corresponds to oxygen consumption rate, that is, the
respiration rate. From this respiration rate, the 5 he treatment
speed of decomposition of organic matter is able to be known.
The upper graph in FIG. 13 illustrates a state before
acclimation of the activated sludge before start of a test
(= organic matter treatment performance is low), and the
10 lower graph in FIG. 13 is a graph after elapse of a certain
time period (after acclimation of the activated sludge (=
organic matter treatment performance is high)).
In FIG. 13, (0) to (4) are dissolved oxygen
concentration graphs where (0) corresponds to the
15 respiration rate, (1) to addition of a reference liquid, (3)
to addition of sodium acetate, and (4) to addition of a
phenolic compound. A respiration rate is able to be found
from a slope on this graph. For example, when graphs of the
respiration rate (0) are compared, it is found that the
20 slope on the graph becomes steep after the test, and the
respiration rate is increased. Further, when graphs of the
phenolic compound (4) are compared, the respiration rate,
that is, the phenol decomposition rate, is almost none
before the test, but the respiration rate is increased after
25 the test, and thus it has been confirmed that the phenol
decomposition rate also improved.
As described above, by measurement of the respiration
rate by the respiration rate measurement unit 22, the
current organic matter treatment performance of the
30 activated sludge of the activated sludge treatment apparatus
14 is able to be measured.
Fourth Embodiment
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an industrial waste
42
water treatment system according to a fourth embodiment. To
members that are the same as those of the configurations of
the first and second embodiments, the same reference signs
will be appended and redundant description thereof will be
omitted. As illustrated in FIG. 14, an industrial 5 trial waste
water treatment system 10J according to this embodiment
includes: the buffer tank 12 that temporarily receives and
stores therein the industrial estate waste water 11; the
primary treatment unit 13 that performs a primary treatment
10 on the effluent water 11A from the buffer tank 12; the
secondary treatment unit (activated sludge treatment
apparatus) 14 that performs a secondary treatment on the
influent water 11B that has been treated by the primary
treatment unit 13, by using microorganisms; the activator
15 dispensing unit 17 that dispenses the activator 16 that
activates the microorganisms, into the activated sludge
treatment apparatus 14 that is the secondary treatment unit;
and the microorganism abundance ratio measurement unit 21
that executes analysis (identification and quantification)
20 on types of important microorganisms of the secondary
treatment unit (activated sludge treatment apparatus) 14;
the industrial waste water treatment system 10J determines,
based on results measured by the microorganism abundance
ratio measurement unit 21, whether or not microorganisms
25 corresponding to a composition in the industrial estate
waste water 11 are appropriate; and if, as a result of the
determination, the microorganisms are not appropriate, the
industrial waste water treatment system 10J improves
activity of microorganisms contributing to the activated
30 sludge treatment of the secondary treatment unit (activated
sludge treatment apparatus) 14 by dispensing the activator
16 corresponding to the determined composition.
In the industrial waste water treatment system 10J of
43
this embodiment, the organic matter concentration
measurement unit 15 has been deleted from the industrial
waste water treatment system 10H of the second embodiment.
In the second embodiment, the organic matter
concentration measurement unit 15 is used, but in 5 this
embodiment, just by the microorganism abundance ratio
measurement unit 21, balance of the microorganisms in the
activated sludge treatment apparatus 14 is checked, measures
corresponding to that balance are taken, and thereby, the
10 activated sludge treatment apparatus 14 is brought into a
good state.
Important microorganisms desired to be grown and
important microorganisms desired to be decreased are found
according to the current balance in the activated sludge
15 treatment apparatus 14 by use of this microorganism
abundance ratio measurement unit 21, measures corresponding
thereto are taken, and thereby, the activated sludge
treatment apparatus 14 is able to be maintained in an
appropriate state.
20 The microorganisms desired to be grown are anaerobic
bacteria, and if, for example, the abundance of organic
matter decomposing microorganisms, nitrogen decomposing
microorganisms, autotrophic microorganisms, and petroleum
component decomposing microorganisms is small, the activator
25 16 that causes growth thereof is added.
For example, if organic matter decomposing
microorganisms are desired to be grown, organic matter (for
example, a saccharide, an alcohol, or the like) is added as
the activator 16.
30 If nitrogen decomposing microorganisms are desired to
be grown, ammonia, ammonium sulfide, ammonium chloride, or
urea, for example, is added as the activator 16.
If autotrophic microorganisms are desired to be grown,
44
a metal (for example, iron, nickel, manganese, or cobalt) is
added as the activator 16.
If petroleum component decomposing microorganisms are
desired to be grown; phenol, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene,
or xylene, for example, is added as the activator 5 tor 16, for
decomposition of aromatic organic carbons. Further, if
microorganisms for decomposition of straight chain organic
carbons are desired to be grown, a vegetable oil or the like
is added as the activator 16.
10 Further, if, from results of the measurement by the
microorganism abundance ratio measurement unit 21, the
abundance of the microorganisms desired to be decreased is
large, the abundance of anaerobic microorganisms, H2
producing bacteria, methane producing bacteria, sulfate15
reducing bacteria, or the like is found, and an enzyme is
added, or oxygen (air) is supplied, for reduction of the
abundance.
According to this embodiment, by the measurement by the
microorganism abundance ratio measurement unit 21 of the
20 activated sludge treatment apparatus 14: the current state
of microorganisms is found; from the found results,
microorganisms desired to be grown and microorganisms
desired to be decreased are found; measures corresponding
thereto (addition of the activator 16 or oxygen) are taken;
25 and thereby the activated sludge treatment apparatus 14 is
able to be maintained in an appropriate state.
Further, in the fourth embodiment also, mixture with
the influent water flowing into the secondary treatment unit
by use of the bypass line 23 of the industrial waste water
30 treatment system 10F described in the first embodiment may
be carried out; or the high concentration influent water
storage tank 24, which temporarily stores influent water
having high organic matter concentration from the primary
45
treatment unit 13 of the industrial waste water treatment
system 10G, may be provided, and the high concentration
influent water, instead of the activator 16, may be mixed
with the influent water flowing into the secondary treatment
unit5 .
Reference Signs List
10A TO 10J INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
11 INDUSTRIAL ESTATE WASTE WATER
12 BUFFER TANK
10 13 PRIMARY TREATMENT UNIT
14 ACTIVATED SLUDGE TREATMENT APPARATUS
15 ORGANIC MATTER CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENT UNIT
16 ACTIVATOR
17 ACTIVATOR DISPENSING UNIT

WE CLAIM:
1. An industrial waste water treatment system, comprising:
a primary treatment unit configured to perform a
5 primary treatment on industrial estate waste water;
a secondary treatment unit configured to perform a
secondary treatment on influent water that has been
treated by the primary treatment unit, by using activated
sludge;
10 an organic matter concentration measurement unit
configured to measure an organic matter concentration in
the industrial estate waste water flowing into the
primary treatment unit; and
an activator dispensing unit configured to dispense,
15 into the secondary treatmentunit, an activator that
activates important microorganisms included in the
activated sludge, wherein
the industrial waste water treatment system is
configured to determine, from a result of the measurement
20 by the organic matter concentration measurement unit, a
composition in the influent water, perform dispensing of
an activator corresponding to the determined composition,
and improve activity of the important microorganisms by
this dispensing of the activator.
25
2. The industrial waste water treatment system according to
claim 1, wherein the primary treatment unit has a buffer
tank that temporarily receives and stores therein the
industrial estate waste water, and an organic matter
30 concentration in the industrial estate waste water
flowing into the buffer tank is measured by the organic
matter concentration measurement unit.
47
3. The industrial waste water treatment system according to
claim 1 or 2, comprising:
a microorganism abundance ratio measurement unit
configured to perform abundance ratio measurement for the
important microorganisms of the secondary treatment 5 unit,
wherein
the industrial waste water treatment system is
configured to determine, based on results measured by the
microorganism abundance ratio measurement unit, whether
10 or not the important microorganisms corresponding to the
composition in the influent water found from the result
of the measurement by the organic matter concentration
measurement unit are appropriate, and
if, as a result of the determination, the important
15 microorganisms are not appropriate, the industrial waste
water treatment system is configured to improve activity
of important microorganisms contributing to an activated
sludge treatment in the secondary treatment unit by
dispensing an activator corresponding to the determined
20 composition.
4. The industrial waste water treatment system according to
claim 1 or 2, comprising:
a respiration rate measurement unit configured to
25 find a state of activity of microorganisms of the
secondary treatment unit, wherein
the industrial waste water treatment system is
configured to determine whether or not a result of
measurement by the respiration rate measurement unit is
30 appropriate, and
if, as a result of the determination, the result is
not appropriate, the industrial waste water treatment
system is configured to improve activity of
48
microorganisms contributing to a treatment in the
secondary treatment unit by dispensing an activator
corresponding to the determined composition.
5. The industrial waste water treatment system according 5 rding to
any one of claims 2 to 4, comprising:
a bypass line that draws out a part of influent
water before the influent water flows into the buffer
tank, and that bypasses the primary treatment unit,
10 wherein
the industrial waste water treatment system is
configured to perform mixture with the influent water
flowing into the secondary treatment unit.
15 6. The industrial waste water treatment system according to
any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein if an organic matter
concentration in the influent water is high,
a high concentration waste water storage tank that
temporarily stores the influent water having the high
20 organic matter concentration from the primary treatment
unit is provided, and
the influent water having the high organic matter
concentration, instead of the activator, is mixed with
the influent water flowing into the secondary treatment
25 unit.
7. An industrial waste water treatment system, comprising:
a primary treatment unit configured to perform a
primary treatment on industrial estate waste water;
30 a secondary treatment unit configured to perform a
secondary treatment on influent water that has been
treated by the primary treatment unit, by using
microorganisms;
49
an activator dispensing unit configured to dispense,
into the secondary treatment unit, an activator that
activates the microorganisms; and
a microorganism abundance ratio measurement unit
configured to perform analysis on types of 5 important
microorganisms of the secondary treatment unit, wherein
the industrial waste water treatment system is
configured to determine, based on results analyzed by the
microorganism abundance ratio measurement unit, whether
10 or not the microorganisms corresponding to a composition
in the influent water are appropriate, and
if, as a result of the determination, the
microorganisms are not appropriate, the industrial waste
water treatment system is configured to improve activity
15 of important microorganisms contributing to an activated
sludge treatment of the secondary treatment unit by
dispensing an activator corresponding to the determined
composition.
20 8. The industrial waste water treatment system according to
claim 7, wherein the primary treatment unit has a buffer
tank that temporarily receives and stores therein the
industrial estate waste water.
25 9. The industrial waste water treatment system according to
claim 8, comprising:
a bypass line that draws out a part of influent
water before the influent water flows into the buffer
tank, and bypasses the primary treatment unit, wherein
30 the industrial waste water treatment system is
configured to perform mixture with the influent water
flowing into the secondary treatment unit.
50
10. The industrial waste water treatment system according to
any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein if an organic matter
concentration in the influent water is high,
a high concentration waste water storage tank that
temporarily stores the influent water having the 5 high
organic matter concentration from the primary treatment
unit is provided, and
the influent water having the high organic matter
concentration, instead of the activator, is mixed with
10 the influent water flowing into the secondary treatment
unit.
11. The industrial waste water treatment system according to
any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising:
15 a membrane treatment apparatus configured to perform
a membrane treatment on effluent water from the secondary
treatment unit; and
a regeneration treatment apparatus configured to
regenerate the effluent water that has been treated by
20 the membrane treatment apparatus.
12. An industrial waste water treatment method, comprising:
a primary treatment process of performing a primary
treatment on industrial estate waste water;
25 a secondary treatment process of performing a
secondary treatment on influent water that has been
treated in the primary treatment process, by using
activated sludge;
an organic matter concentration measurement process
30 of measuring an organic matter concentration in the
industrial estate waste water flowing into the primary
treatment process; and
an activator dispensing process of dispensing, into
51
the secondary treatment process, an activator that
activates important microorganisms included in the
activated sludge, wherein
from a result of the measurement in the organic
matter concentration measurement process, 5 a composition
in the influent water is determined, an activator
corresponding to the determined composition is dispensed,
and activity of the important microorganisms is improved
by this dispensing of the activator.
10
13. The industrial waste water treatment method according to
claim 12, wherein in the primary treatment process, the
industrial estate waste water is temporarily received and
stored, and an organic matter concentration in the
15 industrial estate waste water flowing in before this
storage is measured.
14. The industrial waste water treatment method according to
claim 12 or 13, comprising:
20 a process of performing abundance ratio measurement
for the important microorganisms in the secondary
treatment process, wherein
based on results of the abundance ratio measurement
for the important microorganisms, whether or not
25 microorganisms corresponding to the composition in the
influent water found from the result of the measurement
in the organic matter concentration measurement process
are appropriate is determined, and
if, as a result of the determination, the
30 microorganisms are not appropriate, activity of important
microorganisms contributing to an activated sludge
treatment in the secondary treatment process is improved
by an activator being dispensed, the activator
52
corresponding to the determined composition.
15. The industrial waste water treatment method according to
claim 12 or 13, comprising:
a respiration rate measurement process of finding 5 a
state of activity of microorganisms of the secondary
treatment process, wherein
whether or not a result of measurement in the
respiration rate measurement process is appropriate is
10 determined, and
if, as a result of the determination, the result is
not appropriate, activity of microorganisms contributing
to a treatment in the secondary treatment process is
improved by an activator being dispensed, the activator
15 corresponding to the determined composition.
16. The industrial waste water treatment method according to
any one of claims 12 to 15, comprising:
a process of drawing out a part of influent water
20 before the influent water flows into a storage process,
and bypassing the primary treatment process, wherein
mixture with the influent water flowing into the
secondary treatment process is performed.
25 17. The industrial waste water treatment method according to
any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein if an organic matter
concentration of the influent water is high,
a process of temporarily storing influent water of
the primary treatment process is provided, and
30 the influent water having the high organic matter
concentration, instead of the activator, is mixed with
the influent water flowing into the secondary treatment
process.
53
18. An industrial waste water treatment method, comprising:
a primary treatment process of performing a primary
treatment on industrial estate waste water;
a secondary treatment process of performing 5 ng a
secondary treatment on influent water that has been
treated in the primary treatment process, by using
microorganisms;
an activator dispensing process of dispensing, into
10 the secondary treatment process, an activator that
activates the microorganisms; and
a microorganism abundance ratio measurement process
of performing analysis on types of important
microorganisms of the secondary treatment process,
15 wherein
based on results analyzed in the microorganism
abundance ratio measurement process, whether or not the
microorganisms corresponding to a composition in the
influent water are appropriate is determined, and
20 if, as a result of the determination, the
microorganisms are not appropriate, activity of important
microorganisms contributing to an activated sludge
treatment in the secondary treatment process is improved
by an activator being dispensed, the activator
25 corresponding to the determined composition.
19. The industrial waste water treatment method according to
claim 18, wherein in the primary treatment process, the
industrial estate waste water is temporarily received and
30 stored in a buffer tank.
20. The industrial waste water treatment method according to
claim 19, comprising:
54
a bypass line process of drawing out a part of
influent water before the influent water flows into the
buffer tank, and bypassing the primary treatment process,
wherein
mixture with the influent water flowing into 5 o the
secondary treatment process is performed.
21. The industrial waste water treatment method according to
any one of claims 12 to 20, wherein if an organic matter
10 concentration of the influent water is high,
the influent water having the high organic matter
concentration from the primary treatment process is
temporarily stored in a high concentration waste water
storage tank, and
15 the influent water having the high organic matter
concentration, instead of the activator, is mixed with
the influent water flowing into the secondary treatment
process.
20 22. The industrial waste water treatment method according to
any one of claims 12 to 21, comprising:
a membrane treatment process of performing a
membrane treatment on effluent water from the secondary
treatment process; and
25 a regeneration treatment process of regenerating the
effluent water that has been treated in the membrane
treatment process.