White grubs have been the important sporadic pest of sugarcane in Western Uttar Pradesh, foothills of the Himalayas, parts of Bihar, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and some other areas of the country. About 33 species of white grubs belonging to different genus have been reported to infest the sugarcane crop in India. Out of these, Holotrichia consanguinea Blanch and H. serrata (Fabricius) is a major species. In general 10-30% damage of the sugarcane crop is recorded in the infested areas, however, in the severely infested fields, complete crop failure can be observed. Most of the species take one year to complete their life cycle and it starts with the emergence of adult beetles after hibernation. In India, the adult beetles generally start emerging from the soil after pre-monsoon rains in April-May and continue to emerge up to September-October. The beetles do not feed on sugarcane foliage. They feed on leaves of trees like ber, neem, sheesam, batain, jamun, mango, guava etc. and adult beetles lay eggs in soil. On hatching, the larvae come out and orient towards roots. Being polyphagous, they feed on the roots of a wide variety of crops and weeds. As a result of feeding on roots, the water & nutrient uptake capability of root system gradually diminishes. The affected plants show varying degree of yellowing, wilting and death. For effective monitoring and management of the beetles, insect traps were modified and fabricated for testing against beetles of the white grubs and other insect pests using light and pheromones under sugarcane agro-ecosystem. The adult beetles of white grubs and other phototactic insects were attracted towards light and addition of pheromones has further enhanced the efficiency in trapping large number of insects. Hence, combo insect trap was designed for attracting and subsequently trapping and killing the insects. This helps in checking the egg laying process and therefore, reducing the population of the white grubs and other insect pests in the next generation.
Prior Art
The insect traps developed previously were either light or pheromone based. None of the trap have so far been invented with a combination of light and pheromone. Previously developed light traps were either very heavy, fixed type with mercury bulb of 160 w as a light source (Shah, N.K. and Garg, D.K. 1988. Seasonal abundance of white grub beetles on a light trap. Indian J. Ecology, 15 (1): 105-108) or light weight hanging type "An Insect Trapping Device" with only option of light source of CFL (15W) (Indian Patent No. 290170), which fail to work in case of power failure. Therefore, addition of pheromone in the present invention enhanced the efficiency of trapping the insects and also the device continue to work even in case of power failure in rural areas.

Summary of Invention
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide "Insect trapping device with a combination of light and pheromone" with enhanced trapping efficiency in trapping white grub beetles, lepidopteran borers and other phototactic insects.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an insect trapping device with light and pheromones which may continue to work even in case of power failure in rural areas. The trapping box with perforations ensures escape of tiny beneficial insect parasitoids to escape from the trap, which further adds up to more eco-friendly version of the device.
Design and specification:
The proposed trap (IISR-Combo Insect Trap) is majorly made of polypropylene and partly galvanized sheet of 0.5 mm with a total height of 960 mm, width of 320 mm and weight of 2.0 kg. The major components included lamp shade, fins, CFL assembly, funnel, insect trapping pot, water pot, pheromone dispenser for white grub beetles and for lepidopteran pests. The diameter of the lamp shade is 320 mm. Three fins or hitting surface of 250 mm length jointed at 120° with each other with upper portion having U-notch of 170 mm length is attached with the lamp shade. Lamp shade and hitting surface (fins) are made of galvanized sheets for giving more strength to the assembly. In between the U-notch, CFL of 15 watts with sub-assembly containing CFL holder mounting is attached from the centre of the trap roof. Whole CFL assembly is made theft proof with the help of three safety rings (10 mm width) are also attached to U-notch, in order to provide safety. A funnel of 300 mm diameter with a total length of 250 mm is attached at lower portion of the fins. Insect trapping box of cylindrical shape with 200 mm height and 210 mm diameter is attached to the bottom of funnel with the help of the nut and bolt and other end has an opening of 80 mm diameter with lid for removal of trapped insects. Insect trapping box is having several holes of about 2.5 mm size at a distance of about 5 cm from each other for allowing the smaller insect parasitoids to escape from the box, while other bigger sized insect pests are remained trapped. Hanging water pot of 70 mm height and 190 mm diameter is kept hanging with the help of galvanized wire of about 60 mm length. Pheromone septa for lepidopteran pests of sugarcane such as early shoot borer, top borer etc. is fixed in a holder (length of 50 mm and 40 mm diameter) attached from the bottom of water pot. Pheromone septa is kept at about 20 mm above the water level. Moths of the borers are trapped in the water pot. Pheromone dispenser (5 mm capacity vial with foam and methyl eugenol) for attracting the white grub beetle is attached with the under surface of roof top. One hanger of 150 mm height of any design should be attached on the roof for installation of the trap in the field. The same trap can also be used with the solar attachments in the area where regular electricity supply is not available.

Table: Design of IISR-Combo Insect Trap

Design Measurement
Total height 960 mm
Total width 320 mm
Total weight 2.0 kg
Hanger-length 150 mm
Lamp shade- Diameter 320 mm
CFL Bulb 15 Watt
Hitting fins (3 no)- length 250 mm
Hitting fins (3 no)- width 110 mm
Length of U-notch in fins 170 mm
Angle between two fins 120°
Safety rings (3 nos.)- width 10 mm
Funnel- Diameter 300 mm
Funnel- Length 250 mm
Insect trapping box with lid-height 200 mm
Insect trapping box-diameter 210 mm
Water pot- height 70 mm
Water pot-diameter 190 mm
Water pot hanger-length 60 mm
Pheromone dispenser for white grubs-vial with foam 5 ml capacity
Pheromone dispenser for borers- length 50 mm
Pheromone dispenser for borers- diameter (with four holes for fixing rubber septa) 40 mm
Beetle trapping efficiency 99%
Description with reference to accompanying drawing
The present invention would be better understood from the detailed description given herein below for illustration only, and thus are not limitative of the present invention, and wherein
Fig 2. Represent the diagrammatic representation of "Insect trapping device with a combination of light and pheromone".

Comparative efficiency of different traps:
A. Testing of insect trap with light, pheromone and combination thereof:
For effective monitoring and management of the white grub beetles, insect traps were modified and fabricated for testing against beetles of the white grubs under sugarcane agro-ecosystem. The traps were fabricated using galvanized sheet of 0.5 mm thickness. The major components included lampshade, fins, light source assembly, pheromone dispenser, funnel and beetle trapping pot. Anisole (Methoxybenzene) was used as pheromone of the predominant species, H. consanguinea. The trapping efficiency of the newly developed insed trap was evaluated in sugarcane agro-ecosystem at white grub affected village Jakhwala, Deoband, Distt. Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh. Insect trap with a combination of light and pheromone was found more effective in trapping predominant species H. consanguinea along with other species of white grubs in comparison to the traps with only pheromone or light alone. Out of the total beetle catch, a mean of 44.58% was trapped in the trap having combination of light and pheromone followed by that of light (28.06%) and pheromone (27.35%) (Fig 1).

50
40
Percent beetle 30
trapped 20
10

" n n\ ^ ffl
■m—n n—
i. 2. C £. t

□ Pheromone Trap ■ Light Trap
□ Light+Pheromone

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
Number of observations Fig 1: Comparative efficiency of insect traps having pheromone, light and combination of both
B. Testing of different models of modified insect traps
The above trap was further modified with replacement of some part with polypropylene in place of galvanized sheet to make it further extra cost effective, reduced weight, rust free and more user friendly. Without compromising the basic design of the trap, insect collection box was made to closed type with perforations/ holes of 2.5 mm to ensure escape of beneficial tiny insect parasitoids and a separate hanging water pot was installed alongwith pheromone dispenser for attracting and trapping lepidopteran moths as well. Thus, widening the scope of trapping wide array of insects apart from white grub beetles and lepidopteran insect pests in sugarcane agro-ecosystem.
Five different types of light traps were fabricated and tested under field condition in

5% more efficient in beetle trapping with 99% efficiency over other models (Table 1). The new IISR-Combo Insect Trap is majorly made of polypropylene, the light source of CFL 15 W having separate insect collection trough with holes of 2.5 mm to allow most of the small beneficial insect parasitoids to escape. Below the closed insect collection trough, hanging water trap (saucer filled with water) with pheromone dispenser for lepidopteran pests is also attached. IISR-Combo Insect Trap is light weight, rust proof without compromising the efficiency in trapping the scarabaeids and other pests of sugarcane and other crops. Details of different models are as follows:
Model 1= IISR-Combo Trap with CFL 15 W with only one insect collection trough (water pot)
Model 2= IISR-Combo Trap with 125 W Mercury vapour lamp with only one insect collection trough (water pot)
Model 3= IISR-Combo Trap with CFL 15 W with closed insect collection box (ICB) with 2.5 mm holes and separate water pot hanging through ICB having pheromone dispenser for lepidopteran pests. Major part of assembly is made of polypropylene.
Model 4= IISR-Combo Trap with 125 W Mercury vapour lamp with closed insect collection box (ICB) with 2.5 mm holes and separate water pot hanging through ICB having pheromone dispenser for lepidopteran pests. Major part of assembly is made of polypropylene.
Model 5= Inverted design with 125 W Mercury vapour lamp facing upward
Perusal of the table 1 revealed that out of 2253 insect trapped in 3 consecutive days, 24.36% were trapped in M-3 model followed by that was M-1 model (23.0%), M-4 (21.92%), M-2 (18.73%) and M-5 (11.89%). In all the observations, M-3 model was efficient in trapping the scarabaeid (white grub) beetles and other phototactic insects. It is noteworthy that number of hymenopterous insect parasitoids were almost negligible in M-3 closed type insect collection trough having holes than open type water trough. The number of insect trapped in M-3 model (IISR-Combo Insect Trap) were 5.57% more over previous nearest efficient model M-1. Therefore, M-3 model (IISR-Combo Insect Trap) being most suitable model having a combination of light and pheromone for white grub beetles and lepidopteran borers can be recommended for use is sugarcane agro-ecosystems.
Table 1: Comparative efficiency of different models of IISR-Combo Insect Traps under field condition

Date of observation Number of insects trapped

Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 Model 5
23.08.17 No. of insects trapped: 176
Holotrichia consanguinea=06 Other
Scarabaeids= 130 Lepidoterans= 10 Gray ash beetle=10 No. of insects trapped: 145
Holotrichia consanguinea=01 Other
Scarabaeids= 103 Lepidoterans=15 Gray ash beetle=09 No. of insects trapped: 188
Holotrichia
consanguinea=07
Other
Scarabaeids= 132
Lepidoterans=08
Gray ash
beetle=15 No. of insects trapped: 172
Holotrichia
consanguinea=00
Other
Scarabaeids= 128
Lepidoterans=22
Gray ash
beetle=12 No. of insects trapped: 60
Holotrichia consanguinea=01 Other
Scarabaeids= 15 Lepidoterans=20 Others=15

Stink bug=03
Hymenopteran=02
Others=17
ESB = 02 (in water pot having pheromone) Stink bug=03 Hymenopteran=01 Others=14 Stink bug=02
Hymenopteran=00
Others=24
ESB = 06 (in water pot having pheromone) Stink bug=01 Hymenopteran=01 Others=10
ESB = 03 (in water pot having pheromone)
24.08.17 No. of insects trapped: 157
Holotrichia consanguinea=08 Other
Scarabaeids= 52 Lepidoterans= 19 Plant Hoppers=06 Gray ash beetle=12 Hymenopteran=00 Others=60
ESB = 01 (in water pot having pheromone) No. of insects trapped: 133
Holotrichia consanguinea=00 Other
Scarabaeids= 45 Lepidoterans=21 Gray ash beetle=ll Stink bug=01 Hymenopteran=00 Others=55
ESB = 01 (in water pot having pheromone) No. of insects trapped: 171
Holotrichia
consanguinea=\9
Other
Scarabaeids= 59
Lepidoterans=18
Plant Hoppers=25
Gray ash
beetle=10
Stink bug=04
Hymenopteran=00
Others=36
ESB = 04 (in water pot having pheromone) No. of insects trapped: 143
Holotrichia consanguinea=l04 Other
Scarabaeids= 35 Lepidoterans=ll Plant Hoppers=21 Gray ash beetle=04 Stink bug=05 Hymenopteran=01 Others=63
ESB = 02 (in water pot having pheromone) No. of insects trapped: 106
Holotrichia consanguinea=01 Other
Scarabaeids= 19 Lepidoterans= 14 Plant Hoppers=7 Others=65
25.08.17 No. of insects trapped: 187
Holotrichia
consanguinea=\A
Other
Scarabaeids= 80
Lepidoterans=20
Plant Hoppers=18
Gray ash
beetle=04
Stink bug=02
Hymenopteran=02
Others=47
ESB = 02 (in water pot having pheromone) No. of insects trapped: 144
Holotrichia consanguinea=04 Other
Scarabaeids= 40 Lepidoterans=21 Plant Hoppers=19 Gray ash beetle=02 Hymenopteran=01 Others=57
ESB = 0 (in water pot having pheromone) No. of insects trapped: 190
Holotrichia
consanguinea=l3
Other
Scarabaeids= 70
Lepidoterans=40
Plant Hoppers=19
Gray ash
beetle=08
Stink bug=02
Hymenopteran=00
Others=38
ESB = 04 (in water pot having pheromone) No. of insects trapped: 179
Holotrichia consanguinea=04 Other
Scarabaeids= 49 Lepidoterans=3 8 Plant Hoppers=22 Gray ash beetle=01 Stink bug=04 Hymenopteran=00 Others=61
ESB = 01 (in water pot having pheromone) No. of insects trapped: 102
Holotrichia consanguinea=01 Other
Scarabaeids= 39 Lepidoterans=29 Plant Hoppers=23 Others=10
Method of operation: On an average one trap per ha has to be installed either near field or near host trees of white grub beetles. Avoid installation of traps inside the sugarcane field. Lit the trap everyday in the evening and can be put off after 10 pm, as most of the insect catch are recorded up to 10 pm. The trap should be charged with pheromone every 15 days interval or depending on need.

CLAIMS:
We claim:

that this invention relates to an idea for "Design and development of insect trapping device with a combination of light and pheromone" with following novel and unique features:
1. An insect trapping device with a combination of light and pheromone. (1) Of which, major part of the assembly is made of polypropylene and partly galvanized sheet of 0.5 mm with a total height and width ratio of 1:3 and weight of about 2.0 kg only. The major components included lamp shade, fins, CFL assembly, funnel, insect trapping pot, water pot, pheromone dispenser for white grub beetles and for lepidopteran pests. (2) Pheromone dispenser for attracting the white grub beetle is attached with the under surface of roof top. (3) Insect trapping box of cylindrical shape attached to the bottom of funnel with the help of the nut and bolt and other end has an opening with lid for removal of trapped insects. Insect trapping box is having several holes for allowing the smaller insect parasitoids to escape from the box, while other bigger sized insect pests are remained trapped. (4) Hanging water pot is kept hanging with the help of galvanized wire. (5) Pheromone septa for lepidopteran pests is fixed in a holder attached from the bottom of water pot. Pheromone septa is kept above the water level for trapping of moths of lepidopteran moths efficiently.
2. Insect trapping device with a combination of light and pheromone as claimed in claim 1 wherein pheromone dispenser (5 mm capacity vial with foam and methyl eugenol) for attracting the white grub beetle is attached with the under surface of roof top for attracting the white grub beetles. Combination of CFL light and pheromone ensured higher number of beetle trapping.
3. Insect trapping device with a combination of light and pheromone as claimed in claim 1 wherein insect trapping box of cylindrical shape with 200 mm height and 210 mm diameter is attached to the bottom of funnel with the help of the nut and bolt and other end has an opening of 80 mm diameter with lid for removal of trapped insects. Insect trapping box is having several holes of about 2.5 mm size at a distance of about 5 cm from each other for allowing the smaller insect parasitoids to escape from the box, while other bigger sized insect pests are remained trapped.
4. Insect trapping device with a combination of light and pheromone as claimed in claim 1 wherein hanging water pot of 70 mm height and 190 mm diameter is kept hanging with the help of galvanized wire of about 60 mm length. The water pot is helpful in drowning the moths of insects, while they are attracted to pheromone.
5. Insect trapping device with a combination of light and pheromone as claimed in claim 1 wherein pheromone septa for lepidopteran pests is fixed in a holder

in a holder of 50 mm length and 40 mm diameter attached from the bottom of water pot. Pheromone septa is kept at about 20 mm above the water level for efficiently trapping of moths of lepidopteran pests in the water pot.