DESC:
FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to synergistic mixtures comprising of A) Insecticide selected from juvenile hormone mimics, B) one or more insecticides selected from class of diamides, metadiamides, isoxazolines, tetramic acids or comound with unknown mode of action. The present invention more particularly relates to synergistic insecticidal compositions and a method for treating plants using the said composition.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Insecticidal compositions comprising juvenile hormone mimics like Pyriproxyfen along with Chlorantraniliprole, Cyanotraniliprole, Cyhalodiamide and Tetraniliprole have been disclosed in prior art literatures.

IN201821040632 relates to suspoemulsion insecticidal composition comprising of chlorantraniliprole and pyriproxyfen.

CN107787977 relates to insecticidal composition comprising of pyriproxyfen and another compound selected from fipronil. Chorantraniliprole, ethiprole, flubendiamide, acephate, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, clothianidin, indoxacarb, abamectin, emamectin, and ivermectin.

CN105994286 discloses nsecticdal composition comprising of cyanotranilirole and another compound selected from pyriproxyfen, pymetrozine, lufenuron.

CN106259343 describes insecticidal composition containing pyriproxyfen and Cyhalodiamide.

WO2017/176945 related to a composition comprising a tetraniliprole alone or in combination with other plant protection agents like pyriproxyfen suitable for controlling rootworm larvae in soil.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide a synergistic insecticidal compositions comprising of A) Insecticide selected from juvenile hormone mimics, B) one or more insecticides selected from class of diamides, metadiamides, isoxazolines, tetramic acids or comound with unknown mode of action.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic insecticidal composition wherein an insecticide selected from juvenile hormone mimics is pyriproxyfen or fenoxycarb.

In another aspect of the present invention is to provide a synergistic insecticidal composition wherein diamides may be selected from cyclaniliprole, cyproflanilide, tetrachlorantraniliprole, tyclopyrazoflor, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyhalodiamide, flubendiamide, tetraniliprole.

In another aspect of the present invention is to provide synergistic insecticidal composition wherein metadiamdes compound is broflanilide.

In another aspect of present invention is to provide synergistic insecticidal composition wherein isoxazolines are selected from fluxametamide, isocycloseram.

In another aspect of present invention is to provide synergistic insecticidal composition wherein tetramic acids compound is spiropidion and compound with unknown mode of action is dimpropyridaz.

In another object of the present invention is provided a synergistic insecticidal compositions comprising of A) Insecticide selected from juvenile hormone mimics, B) one or more insecticides selected from class of diamides, metadiamides, isoxazolines, tetramic acids or comound with unknown mode of action along with inactive excipients.

In a still another aspect of the present invention is provided a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising of A) Insecticide selected from juvenile hormone mimics, B) one or more insecticides selected from class of diamides, metadiamides, isoxazolines, tetramic acids or comound with unknown mode of action along with inactive excipients and be formulated in desired formulations.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The term "health of a plant" or "plant health" is defined as a condition of the plant and/or its products. As a result of the improved health, yield, plant vigor, quality and tolerance to abiotic or biotic stress are increased. Noteworthy, the health of a plant when applying the method according to the invention, is increased independently of the pesticidal properties of the active ingredients used because the increase in health is not based upon the reduced pest pressure but instead on complex physiological and metabolic reactions which result for example in an activation of the plant's own natural defense system. As a result, the health of a plant is increased even in the absence of pest pressure. Accordingly, in an especially preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the health of a plant is increased both in the presence and absence of biotic or abiotic stress factors. The above identified indicators for the health condition of a plant may be interdependent or they may result from each other. An increase in plant vigor may for example result in an increased yield and/or tolerance to abiotic or biotic stress. One indicator for the condition of the plant is the yield. "Yield" is to be understood as any plant product of economic value that is produced by the plant such as grains, fruits in the proper sense, vegetables, nuts, grains, seeds, wood (e.g. in the case of silviculture plants) or even flowers (e.g. in the case of gardening plants, ornamentals). The plant products may in addition be further utilized and/or processed after harvesting.
In an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, the yield of the treated plant is increased.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the yield of the plants treated according to the method of the invention, is increased synergistically.
According to the present invention, "increased yield" of a plant, in particular of an agricultural, silvicultural and/or horticultural plant means that the yield of a product of the respective plant is increased by a measurable amount over the yield of the same product of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the mixture according to the invention.
Increased yield can be characterized, among others, by the following improved proper-ties of the plant: increased plant, weight, increased plant height, increased biomass such as higher overall fresh weight (FW), increased number of flowers per plant, higher grain yield, more tillers or side shoots (branches), larger leaves, increased shoot growth, increased protein content, increased oil content, increased starch content, increased pigment content, increased leaf are index.
According to the present invention, the yield is increased by at least 5%, preferable by 5 to 10 %, more preferable by 10 to 20 %, or even 20 to 30 % compared to the untreated control plants or plants treated with pesticides in a way different from the method according to the present invention. In general, the yield increase may even be higher.
A further indicator for the condition of the plant is the plant vigor. The plant vigor becomes manifest in several aspects such as the general visual appearance. In another especially preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant vigor of the treated plant is increased. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant vigor of the plants treated according to the method of the invention, is increased synergistically. Improved plant vigor can be characterized, among others, by the following improved properties of the plant: improved vitality of the plant, improved plant growth, improved plant development, improved visual appearance, improved plant stand (less plant verse/lodging), improved emergence, enhanced root growth and/or more developed root system, enhanced nodulation, in particular rhizobial nodulation, bigger leaf blade, bigger size, increased plant weight, increased plant height, increased tiller number, increased number of side shoots, increased number of flowers per plant, increased shoot growth, increased root growth (extensive root system), increased yield when grown on poor soils or unfavorable climate, enhanced photosynthetic activity (e.g. based on increased stomatal conductance and/or increased CO2 assimilation rate), increased stomatal conductance, increased CO2 assimilation rate, enhanced pigment content (e.g. chlorophyll content), earlier flowering, earlier fruiting, earlier and improved germination, earlier grain maturity, improved self-defense mechanisms, improved stress tolerance and resistance of the plants against biotic and abiotic stress factors such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects, heat stress, cold stress, drought stress, UV stress and/or salt stress, less non-productive tillers, less dead basal leaves, less input needed (such as fertilizers or water), greener leaves, complete maturation under shortened vegetation periods, less fertilizers needed, less seeds needed, easier harvesting, faster and more uniform ripening, longer shelf-life, longer panicles, delay of senescence, stronger and/or more productive tillers, better extractability of ingredients, improved quality of seeds (for being seeded in the following seasons for seed production), better nitrogen uptake, improved reproduction, reduced production of ethylene and/or the inhibition of its reception by the plant.
The improvement of the plant vigor according to the present invention particularly means that the improvement of any one or several or all of the above mentioned plant characteristics are improved independently of the pesticidal action of the mixture or active ingredients (components).
Another indicator for the condition of the plant is the "quality" of a plant and/or its products.
In an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, the quality of the treated plant is increased.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the quality of the plants treated according to the method of the invention, is increased synergistically.
According to the present invention, enhanced quality means that certain plant characteristics such as the content or composition of certain ingredients are increased or improved by a measurable or noticeable amount over the same factor of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the mixtures of the present invention. Enhanced quality can be characterized, among others, by following improved properties of the plant or its product: increased nutrient content, increased protein content, increased content of fatty acids, increased metabolite content, increased carotenoid content, increased sugar content, increased amount of essential amino acids, improved nutrient composition, improved protein composition, improved composition of fatty acids, improved metabolite composition, improved carotenoid composition, improved sugar composition, improved amino acids composition, improved or optimal fruit color, improved leaf color, higher storage capacity, higher processability of the harvested products.
Another indicator for the condition of the plant is the plant's tolerance or resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress factors. Biotic and abiotic stress, especially over longer terms, can have harmful effects on plants. Biotic stress is caused by living organisms while abiotic stress is caused for example by environmental extremes. According to the present invention, "enhanced tolerance or resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress factors" means (1.) that certain negative factors caused by biotic and/or abiotic stress are diminished in a measurable or noticeable amount as compared to plants exposed to the same conditions, but without being treated with a mixture according to the invention and (2.) that the negative effects are not diminished by a direct action of the mixture according to the invention on the stress factors, e.g. by its fungicidal or insecticidal action which directly destroys the microorganisms or pests, but rather by a stimulation of the plants' own defensive reactions against said stress factors.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to synergistic insecticidal compositions comprising of A) Insecticide selected from juvenile hormone mimics, B) one or more insecticides selected from class of diamides, metadiamides, isoxazolines, tetramic acids or compound with unknown mode of action.

In an embodiment of the present invention there is provided an insecticidal composition of comprising:

I) Juvenile hormone mimics insecticide selected from pyriproxyfen or fenoxycarb;
II) at least one or more compounds selected from class of diamides, metadiamides, isoxazolines, tetramic acids or comound with unknown mode of action;

Formulation of the present invention can be in any of the formulations selected from Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsion, water in oil (EO), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion, oil in water (EW), Flowable suspension/concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granule/ soil applied (GR), Controlled (Slow or Fast) release granules (CR), Solution for seed treatment (LS), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (oil miscible suspension (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Suspension concentrate (= flowable concentrate) (SC), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Water soluble powder (SP), Water dispersible granule (WG or WDG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry treatment (WS), A mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), A mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), A mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW).

In an embodiment of the present invention there is provided an insecticidal composition comprising of juvenile hormone mimics insecticide and one or more compounds selected from class of diamides, metadiamides, isoxazolines, tetramic acids or compound with unknown mode of action with the following mass percentage of the composition:
Sr. No. Active Ingredients Concentration range (w/w %)
A Juvenile hormone mimics insecticide 0.1 to 80%
B (B1 and B2) one or more compounds selected from class of diamides, metadiamides, isoxazolines, tetramic acids or compound with unknown mode of action 0.1 to 80%
The Juvenile hormone mimics insecticide is selected from pyriproxyfen or fenoxycarb.

The diamide class of compounds are selected from cyclaniliprole, cyproflanilide, tetrachlorantraniliprole, tyclopyrazoflor, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyhalodiamide, flubendiamide, tetraniliprole.

The metadiamide class of compounds are selected from broflanilide.

Isoxazolines compounds are selected from fluxametamide, isocycloseram.

Tetramic acid compound and compound with unknown mode of action is selected from spiropidion and dimpropyridaz.

Following combinations may be considered without limiting the scope of the invention:

Compound A Pyriproxyfen Compound B (B1 + B2) Insecticide selected from the class of diamides, metadiamides, isoxazolines, tetramic acid or unknown mode of action insecticide or mixture thereof.
Pyriproxyfen Chlorantraniliprole+Spiropidion A+ (B1+B2)
Pyriproxyfen Cyantraniliprole+Spiropidion A+ (B1+B2)
Pyriproxyfen Cyhalodiamide+Spiropidion A+ (B1+B2)
Pyriproxyfen Tetraniliprole+Spiropidion A+ (B1+B2)
Pyriproxyfen Cyantraniliprole+Dimpropyridaz A+ (B1+B2)
Pyriproxyfen Tetraniliprole+Dimpropyridaz A+ (B1+B2)
Pyriproxyfen Spiropidion+Dimpropyridaz A+ (B1+B2)
Pyriproxyfen Cyclaniliprole A + B
Pyriproxyfen Cyproflanilide A + B
Pyriproxyfen Tetrachlorantraniliprole A + B
Pyriproxyfen Tyclopyrazoflor A + B
Pyriproxyfen Broflanilide A + B
Pyriproxyfen Fluxametamide A + B
Pyriproxyfen Isocycloseram A + B
Pyriproxyfen Spiropidion A + B
Pyriproxyfen Dimpropyridaz A + B
Pyriproxyfen Chlorantraniliprole+Dimpropyridaz A+ (B1+B2)
Pyriproxyfen Chlorantraniliprole+Broflanilide A+ (B1+B2)
Pyriproxyfen Chlorantraniliprole+Fluxametamide A+ (B1+B2)
Pyriproxyfen Chlorantraniliprole+Isocycloseram A+ (B1+B2)

Wherein A is Pyriproxyfen, B1 and B2 are another insecticides to be used.

The synergistic insecticidal composition of the present invention can be formulated in the forms given below:

a) Dry - Sprayable

a.1) WP – Wettable powders:

A solid pesticide formulation – micronized to powder form and typically applied as suspended particles after dispersion in water.

a.2) WG or WDG – Water dispersible granule:

A pesticidal formulation consisting of granules to be applied after disintegration and dispersion in water. Water dispersible granules can be formed by a) agglomeration, b) spray drying, or c) extrusion techniques. It can also be termed as water soluble granules (WSG) or soluble granules (SG).

b) Liquid Sprayable

b.1) SL – Soluble Concentrate:

A soluble concentrate is in powder form intended for dilution with water or directly in solution from. In both the case, the end result will be clear solution of the insecticide in the water without any visible un-dissolved particles.

b.2) SC – Suspension Concentrate:

A stable suspension of solid pesticide(s) in a fluid usually intended for dilution with water before use. For a good formulation or ideal SC formulation, it should be stable and do not sediment over time.

b.3) EC – Emulsifiable Concentrate:

A solution of a pesticide with emulsifying agents in a water insoluble organic solvent which will form an emulsion when added to water. In most of the case it is oil in water type emulsion to make it easy for application. EC formulation should be storage stable without any visible cracking of emulsion.

b.4) ME – Microemulsion:

A solution of a pesticide with emulsifying agents in a water insoluble organic solvent which will form a solution/emulsion when added to water. The difference between EC and ME is the particle size of the actives in the final form.

b.5) OD – Oil Dispersion:
Oil dispersions (OD) are one type of liquid formulation which is stable suspension of active ingredients in a water-immiscible fluid which may contain other dissolved active ingredients and is intended for dilution with water before use.
b.6) CS – Capsule Suspension:

Suspension of micro-encapsulated active ingredient in an aqueous continuous phase, intended for dilution with water before use.

b.7) SE- Suspension emulsion:

A suspension emulsion or suspo emulsion (SE) consists of an organic phase with a dissolved active ingredient and an aqueous suspension phase, in which the active ingredient is dispersed in water.

b.8) Dispersible concentrate (DC):

Dispersible concentrate (DC) is a liquid homogeneous formulation to be applied as a solid dispersion after dilution in water. There are many formulations which contains the part characteristics of EC and part characteristics of DC.

c) Dry – Spreadable Granule:

Dry spreadable granules are dry granules which can be applied with a dry spreader to a target area and later when such granules get exposed to water via, for example, rain or irrigation, will not only readily disintegrate, but actively spread on solid substrates so as to achieve disintegration area diameter to original granule diameter ratios.

Dry spreadable granules should possess good hardness and an ability to maintain integrity upon normal, commercial handling in a dry spreading operation and yet be capable of quickly disintegrating or scattering upon what may be a minimal exposure to water, such as, for example, a light rain.

d) GR – Soil applied Granule on inert or fertilizer carrier

This formulation is in the form of granules which can be applied on inert carrier or the carrier which is fertilizer.

e) Mixed formulation
e.1) ZC Formulation (Mix of CS and SC):

“ZC formulation” is the international denominations adopted by the FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations) to designate "stable aqueous suspension of microcapsules and solid fine particles"

ZC is a mixed formulation of CS and SC and is a stable aqueous suspension of microcapsules and solid fine particles, each of which contains one or more active ingredients. The formulation is intended for dilution into water prior to spray application. Formulating the active ingredients together eliminates the need for tank mixing, which can lead to incompatibility, and facilitates control of a wider range of pests with fewer applications. Like other aqueous liquid formulations, ZC formulations are easy to handle and measure, dust free, non-flammable and offer good miscibility with water.
e.2) ZE formulation (Mix of CS and SE)

A fluid, heterogeneous formulation consisting of a stable dispersion of active ingredient(s) in the form of capsules, solid particles, and fine globules in a continuous water phase, normally intended for dilution with water before use. The method of application of the insecticidal composition of the present invention preferably includes foliar spray, or treatment to planting materials.

e.3) ZW formulation (Mix of CS and EW)
A fluid, heterogeneous formulation consisting of a stable dispersion of active ingredient(s) in the form of capsules and fine globules in a continuous water phase, normally intended for dilution with water before use.

Juvenile Hormone Mimics Insecticides/IGRs:

Several features of insect growth regulators (IGRs) make them attractive as alternatives to broad-spectrum insecticides. Because they are more selective, they are less harmful to the environment and more compatible with pest management systems that include biological control.
Insects have demonstrated a propensity to develop resistance to insecticides. Broad-spectrum insecticides that are used routinely will eventually be lost because of resistance. Intelligent use of IGRs should reduce the likelihood of resistance developing.

IGRs show good potential on pears because their selectivity preserves the natural enemies that can help control pear psylla. Because of its ability to rapidly develop resistance to insecticides, it is important that psylla be controlled by an integrated system, incorporating several control factors, The selectivity of IGRs is due to the different way they act on insects, compared with most conventional insecticides.

Insects wear their skeletons on the outside. The skeletons are called exoskeletons. As the insect grows, a new exoskeleton must be formed inside the old exoskeleton and the old one shed. The new one then swells to a larger size and hardens. The process is called molting. The changes from larval to adult form, a process called metamorphosis, also take place during molting. Hormones control the phases of molting by acting on the epidermis, which is part of the exoskeleton.

When applied to an insect, the abnormal sources of juvenilizing agent can have striking consequences. For example, if the normal course of events calls for a molt to the pupal stage, an abnormally high level of juvenilizing agent will produce another larval stage or produce larval-pupal intermediates. Juvenoid IGRs can also act on eggs. They can cause sterilization, disrupt behavior and disrupt diapause, the process that triggers dormancy before the onset of winter. In theory, all insect systems influenced by juvenile hormone are potential targets for a juvenoid IGR.

The early juvenoid IGRs were true analogs of juvenile hormone and were unstable when exposed to ultraviolet light. This seriously limited their use in plant protection. Another group of juvenoid IGRs, called juvenile mimics, was discovered. Entomologist found that extracts of many plant tissues have juvenilizing effects, but they have different chemical structures from juvenile hormones and are much more stable. They have been used as models to synthesize some highly effective and stable juvenile hormone mimics which have potential to control tree fruit pests.

Diamides:

The diamides are the most recent addition to the limited number of insecticide classes with specific target site activity that are highly efficacious, control a wide pest spectrum, and have a favorable toxicological profile. Currently available diamide insecticides include chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide, with cyantraniliprole already being sold in some countries as launch progresses. Flubendiamide, the first diamide insecticidal compound, was discovered by Nihon Nohyaku and co-developed with Bayer. Shortly after, chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole were introduced and commercialized. Thus, collaboration among companies is critical to prevent or delay the evolution of insect resistance since the four companies competitively sell multiple brands from this novel insecticide class worldwide. In addition, due to the value provided by the diamides, growers are rapidly adopting these products at the risk of excluding the use of alternate-chemistry insecticides in resistance management rotation schemes.

Metadiamides:

Meta-diamides [3-benzamido-N-(4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl)benzamides] are a distinct class of RDL GABA receptor noncompetitive antagonists showing high insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura. The mode of action of the meta-diamides was demonstrated to be distinct from that of conventional noncompetitive antagonists (NCAs) such as fipronil, picrotoxin, lindane, dieldrin, and a-endosulfan. It was suggested that meta-diamides act at or near G336 in the M3 region of the Drosophila RDL GABA receptor. Although the site of action of the meta-diamides appears to overlap with that of macrocyclic lactones including avermectins and milbemycins, differential effects of mutations on the actions of the meta-diamides and the macrocyclic lactones were observed. Molecular modeling studies revealed that the meta-diamides may bind to an inter-subunit pocket near G336 in the Drosophila RDL GABA receptor better when in the closed state, which is distinct from the NCA-binding site, which is in a channel formed by M2s. In contrast, the macrocyclic lactones were suggested to bind to an inter-subunit pocket near G336 in the Drosophila RDL GABA receptor when in the open state.

Broflanilide is a meta-diamide [3-benzamido-N-(4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl) phenyl) benzamide] that exhibits high larvicidal activity against Spodoptera litura. It has been suggested that broflanilide is metabolized to desmethyl-broflanilide and that it acts as a noncompetitive resistant-to-dieldrin (RDL) ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor antagonist. The binding site of desmethyl-broflanilide was demonstrated to be distinct from that of conventional noncompetitive antagonists such as fipronil. It has been proposed that the site of action for desmethyl-broflanilide is close to G336 in the M3 region of the Drosophila RDL GABA receptor. However, although the site of action for desmethyl-broflanilide appears to overlap with that of macrocyclic lactones, different modes of actions have been demonstrated for desmethyl-broflanilide and the macrocyclic lactones.

The synergistic insecticidal composition of the present invention can be used for the treatment of following diseases in plants.

The major insects pests are belongs to the order Hemiptera, for example, rice leafhopper Nephotettix nigropictus, rice brown plant hopper Nilaparvata lugen, rice white backed plant hopper, Apple Mealy bug Phenococcus aceris, bean aphid Aphis fabae, black citrus aphid Toxoptera aurantii, citrus black scale Saissetia oleae, cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae, Lipaphis erysimi, citrus red scale Aonidiella aurantii, yellow scale Aonidiella citrine, citrus mealybug Planococcus citri, corn leaf aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis, cotton aphid Aphis gossypii, cotton jassid Amrasca biguttula biguttla, cotton mealy bug Planococcus spp. And Pseudococcus spp., cotton stainer Dysdercus suturellus, cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci, cowpea aphid Aphis crassivora, grain aphid Sitobion avenae, golden glow aphid Uroleucon spp., grape mealybug Pseudococcus maritimus, green peach aphid Myzus persicae, greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum, papaya mealy bug Pracoccus marginatus, pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, sugarcane mealybug Saccharicoccus sacchari, potato aphid Myzus persicae, potato leaf hopper Empoasca fabae, cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci, tarnished plant bug Lygus lineolaris, wooly apple aphid Eriosoma lanigerum, mango hopper Amritodus atkinsoni, Idioscopus spp. ; order Lepidoptera, army worm Mythimna unipuncta, asiatic rice borer Chilo suppressalis, bean pod borer Maruca vitrata, beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua, black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon, bollworm Helicoverpa armigera , cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni, codling moth Cydia pomonella, croton caterpillar Achea janata, diamond backmoth Plutella xylostella, cabbage worm Pieris rapae, pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella, sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis, tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens, tomato fruitworm Helicoverpa zea, velvet bean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis, yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas, spotted bollworm Earias vittella, rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, pink stem borer Sesamia spp., tobacco leafeating caterpillar Spodoptera litura; brinjal fruit and shoot borer Leucinodes orbonalis, bean pod borer Maruca vitrata, Maruca testulalis, armyworm Mythimna separata, cotton pinkbollworm Pectinophora gossypiella, citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella, cabbage butterfly Pieris bras-sicae, diamond backmoth Plutella xylostella, paddy stem borer Scirpophaga excerptallis, Scirpophaga incertulas, Scirpophaga innotata, wheat stem borer Sesamia inferens, Sitotroga cerealella, Spilosoma obliqua, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera litura, Trichoplusia ni, Tryporyza novella, Tuta absoluta.
from the order Coleoptera, for example, apple twig borer Amphicerus spp., corn root worm Diabrotica virgifera, cucumber beetle diabrotica balteata, boll weevil Anthonomus grandis, grape flea beetle Altica chalybea, grape root worm Fidia viticola, grape trunk borer Clytoleptus albofasciatus, radish flea beetle Phyllotreta armoraciae, maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais, northern corn rootworm Diabrotica barberi, rice water weevil Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Anthonomus grandis, Bruchus lentis, Diabrotica semipunctata, Diabrotica virgifera, Dicladispa armigera, Epila-chna varivestis, various species of white grubs are Holotrichia bicolor, Holotrichia consanguinea, Holotrichia serrata, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Phyllotreta chrysocephala, Popillia japonica etc; from the order Orthoptera, for example, Gryllotalpa spp., Locusta spp., and Schistocerca is spp.; from the order Thysanoptera, for example, Frankliniella spp., Thrips palmi, Thrips tabaci and Scirtothrips dorsalis; termites (Isoptera), e.g. Calotermes flavicollis, Coptotermes formosanus, Heterotermes aureus, Leucotermes flavipes, Microtermes obesi, Odontotermes obesus, Reticulitermes flavipes, Termes natalensis; from the order Heteroptera, for example, Dysdercus spp., Leptocorisa spp., from the order Hymenoptera, for example, Solenopsis spp. ; from the order Diptera, for example, Antherigona soccata, Dacus spp., Liriomyza spp., Melanagromyza spp., from the order Acarina, for example, Aceria mangiferae, Brevipalpus spp., Eriophyes spp., Oligonychus mangiferus, Oligonychus punicae, Panonychus citri, Panonychus ulmi, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Tarsonemus spp., Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus cinnabarinus.

Examples of the crops on which the present compositions may be used include but are not limited to GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) and Non GMO varieties of Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticum aestavum), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Oat (Avena sativa), Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) , Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris), Soybean (Glycin max), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) , Mustard (Brassica juncea), Rape seed (Brassica napus), Linseed (Linum usitatissimum), Sesame (Sesamum indicum), Green gram (Vigna radiata), Black gram (Vigna mungo), Chickpea (Cicer aritinum), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Redgram (Cajanus cajan), Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Indian bean (Lablab purpureus), Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), Field pea (Pisum sativum), Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Lentils (Lens culinaris), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) , Onion (Allium cepa L.), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicun) , Potato (Solanum tuberosum) , Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Chilly (Capsicum annum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Muskmelons (Cucumis melo), Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Carrot (Dacus carota subsp. sativus), Turnip (Brassica rapa subsp rapa), Apple (Melus domestica), Banana (Musa spp.), Citrus groups (Citrus spp.), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Guava (Psidium guajava), Litchi (Litchi chinensis), Mango (Mangifera indica), Papaya (Carica papaya), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Pomegranate (Punica granatum) , Sapota (Manilkara zapota), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Coffea (Coffea Arabica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi), Psyllium (Plantago ovate), Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), Safed musli (Chlorophytum tuberosum), Drum stick (Moringa oleifera), Coconut (Coco nucifera), Mentha ( Mentha spp.), Rose (Rosa spp.), Jasmine (Jasminum spp.), Marigold ( Tagetes spp.), Common daisy (Bellis perennis), Dahlia (Dahlia hortnesis), Gerbera ( Gerbera jamesonii), Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus), vegetables: solanaceous vegetables such as eggplant, tomato, pimento, pepper, potato, etc., cucurbit vegetables such as cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, water melon, melon, squash, etc., cruciferous vegetables such as radish, white turnip, horseradish, kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, leaf mustard, broccoli, cauliflower, etc., asteraceous vegetables such as burdock, crown daisy, artichoke, lettuce, etc, liliaceous vegetables such as green onion, onion, garlic, and asparagus, ammiaceous vegetables such as carrot, parsley, celery, parsnip, etc., chenopodiaceous vegetables such as spinach, Swiss chard, etc., lamiaceous vegetables such as Perilla frutescens, mint, basil, etc, strawberry, sweet potato, Dioscorea japonica, colocasia, etc., flowers, foliage plants, turf grasses, fruits: pome fruits such apple, pear, quince, etc, stone fleshy fruits such as peach, plum, nectarine, Prunus mume, cherry fruit, apricot, prune, etc., citrus fruits such as orange, lemon, rime, grapefruit, etc., nuts such as chestnuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, almond, pistachio, cashew nuts, macadamia nuts, etc. berries such as blueberry, cranberry, blackberry, raspberry, etc., grape, kaki fruit, olive, plum, banana, coffee, date palm, coconuts, etc. , trees other than fruit trees; tea, mulberry, flowering plant, trees such as ash, birch, dogwood, Eucalyptus, Ginkgo biloba, lilac, maple, Quercus, poplar, Judas tree, Liquidambar formosana, plane tree, zelkova, Japanese arborvitae, fir wood, hemlock, juniper, Pinus, Picea, and Taxus cuspidate, etc.

One or more of the active ingredients is encapsulated for various purposes, such as to increase the residual biological activity, or to reduce the acute toxicity, or to obtain a physical or chemically stable water-based formulation. The purpose determines whether the “free” active ingredient and the “release rate” are relevant properties of a specific product.
The composition of the present invention in addition to bioactive amounts of active ingredients further comprises inactive excipients including but not limited to dispersant, anti-freezing agent, anti-foam agent, wetting agent, suspension aid, antimicrobial agent, thickener, quick coating agent or sticking agents (also referred to as “stickers” or “binders”) and buffering agent.
A dispersant is a substance which adsorbs onto the surface of particles and helps to preserve the state of dispersion of the particles and prevents them from re-aggregating. Dispersants are added to agrochemical formulations to facilitate dispersion and suspension during manufacture, and to ensure the particles re-disperse into water in a spray tank. They are widely used in wettable powders, suspension concentrates and water-dispersible granules. Surfactants that are used as dispersants have the ability to adsorb strongly onto a particle surface and provide a charged or steric barrier to reaggregation of particles. The most commonly used surfactants are anionic, non-ionic, or mixtures of the two types. Examples of dispersants used in Oil dispersion (OD) formulations include, but are not limited to, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkylphenolalkoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, natural or synthetic fatty ethoxylate alcohols, natural or synthetic fatty acid alkoxylates, natural or synthetic fatty alcohols alkoxylates, alkoxylated alcohols (such as n-butyl alcohol poly glycol ether), block copolymers (such as ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers and ethylene oxide-butylene oxide block copolymers), fatty acid-polyalkylene glycol condensates, polyamine-fatty acid condensates, polyester condensates, salts of polyolefin condensates, sodium ligno sulfonate, sodium ploycarboxylate, EO/PO based copolymer, phenol sulfonate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, styrene acrylic acid copolymer, propyleneoxide-ethyleneoxide-copolymer, polyethylene glycol 2,4,6-tristyrylphenyl ether, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, tristyrylphenole with 16 moles EO, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, oleyl-polyglycolether with ethylene oxide, tallow fattyamine polyethylene oxide, nonylphenol polyglycolether with 9-10 moles ethylene oxide.
Examples of dispersant used in Suspo Emulsion (SE) formulation include, but are not limited to polyamides, poly- carbonates, polyurea and polyurethanes, acrylic polymers and copolymers, styrene copolymers, butadiene copolymers, polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose derivatives, vinylalcohol, vinylacetate and vinylpyrrolidone polymers and copolymers, polyethers, epoxy, phenolic and melamine resins, polyolefins and define copolymers and mixtures thereof. Examples of preferred polymers are acrylate polymers such as poly(methacrylate), poly(ethyl methacrylate), poly(methylmethacrylate), acrylate copoylmers and styrene-acrylic copolymers as defined herein below, poly(styrene-co maleic anhydride), cellulosic polymers such as ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetatebutyrate, acetylated mono, di, and triglycerides, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), vinyl acetate polymers and copolymers, poly(alkylene glycol), styrene butadiene copolymers, poly(orthoesters), alkyd resins, and mixtures of two or more of these. Polymers that are biodegradable are also useful in the present invention. As used herein, a polymer is biodegradable if is not water soluble, but is degraded over a period of several weeks when placed in an application environment. Examples of biodegradable polymers that are useful in the present invention include biodegradable polyesters, starch, polylactic acid starch blends, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymers, polydioxanone, cellulose esters, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, starch esters, starch esteraliphatic polyester blends, modified corn starch, polycaprolactone, poly(namylmethacrylate), wood rosin, polyanhydrides, polyvinylalcohol, polyhydroxybutyratevalerate, biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, and polyhydroxybutyrate or mixtures thereof. The examples of dispersing agents are alkylated naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, sodium ligno sulfonate, sodium ploycarboxylate, EO/PO block copolymer, phenol sulfonate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, styrene acrylic acid copolymer, propyleneoxide-ethyleneoxide-copolymer, polyethylene glycol 2,4,6-tristyrylphenyl ether, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, Polyarylphenyl ether sulphate ammonium salt, tristyrylphenole with 16 moles EO, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, oleyl-polyglycolether with ethylene oxide, tallow fattyamine polyethylene oxide, nonylphenol polyglycolether with 9-10 moles ethylene oxide.
Examples of stabilizer used in Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include, but are not limited to, hectorite clay, aluminium magnesium silicate, bentonite clay, silica, attapulgite clay.
Examples of stabilizers used in Suspo Emulsion (SE) formulation include, but are not limited to, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO), Epichlorhydrin.
Examples of anti-freezing agent as used herein Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, propane diols, glycerine or the urea, glycol (Monoethylene glycol, Diethylene glycol, Polypropylene glycol, Polyethylene glycol), glycerine, urea, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, sodium chloride etc.
Examples of anti-freezing agent used in Suspo Emulsion (SE) formulation include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, propane diols, glycerine or the urea, glycol (monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol), glycerine, urea, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, sodium chloride etc.

Water-based formulations often cause foam during mixing operations in production. In order to reduce the tendency to foam, anti-foam agents are often added either during the production stage or before filling into bottles. Generally, there are two types of antifoam agents, namely silicones and non-silicones. Silicones are usually aqueous emulsions of dimethyl poly siloxane while the non-silicone anti-foam agents are water- insoluble oils, such as octanol and nonanol, or silica. In both cases, the function of the anti-foam agent is to displace the surfactant from the air-water interface. Examples of antifoaming agent used in Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include, but are not limited to, silicone oil, silicone compound, C10~C20 saturated fat acid compounds or C8~C10 aliphatic alcohols compound, silicone antifoam emulsion, dimethylsiloxane, polydimethyl siloxane, vegetable oil based antifoam, tallow based fatty acids, polyalkyleneoxide modified polydimethylsiloxane etc.
Examples of antifoaming agent used in Suspo Emulsion (SE) formulation include, but are not limited to, silicone oil, silicone compound, C10~C20 saturated fat acid compounds or C8~C10 aliphatic alcohols compound, silicone antifoam emulsion, dimethylsiloxane, polydimethyl siloxane, vegetable oil based antifoam, tallow based fatty acids, polyalkyleneoxide modified polydimethylsiloxane etc.

A wetting agent is a substance that when added to a liquid increases the spreading or penetration power of the liquid by reducing the interfacial tension between the liquid and the surface on which it is spreading. Wetting agents are used for two main functions in agrochemical formulations: during processing and manufacture to increase the rate of wetting of powders in water to make concentrates for soluble liquids or suspension concentrates; and during mixing of a product with water in a spray tank or other vessel to reduce the wetting time of wettable powders and to improve the penetration of water into water-dispersible granules. Examples of wetting-spreading-penetrating agent used in Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include, but not limited to, trisiloxane ethoxylate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyoxyethylene methyl polysiloxane, polyoxyalkylene methyl polysiloxane, polyether polymethyl siloxane copolymer, heptamethyl trisiloxane, Polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyl trisiloxane, polyether modified polysiloxane, may or may not be in modified form, may be liquid or powder form or mixture thereof etc.
Examples of wetting-spreading-penetrating agent used in Suspo Emulsion (SE) formulation include, but not limited to trisiloxane ethoxylate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyoxyethylene methyl polysiloxane, polyoxyalkylene methyl polysiloxane, polyether polymethyl siloxane copolymer, heptamethyl trisiloxane, Polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyl trisiloxane, polyether modified polysiloxane, 10 mole ethylene oxide adduct of octylphenol, may or may not be in modified form, may be liquid or powder form or mixture thereof etc.
Examples of emulsifying agent used in Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include, but not limited to, castor oil ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, sorbitan ester ethoxylates, sulphosuccinate, calcium salts of dodecylbenzene sulphonate, alkylammonium salts of alkylbenzene sulphonate, alkylsulphosuccinate salts, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers, ethoxylated alkylamines, ethoxylated alkyl phenols, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate etc.

Examples of emulsifying agents used in Suspo Emulsion (SE) formulation include, but not limited to, Ca-salts or amine salts, and sulphonates of other C11-C16 alkylbenzenes, alkylether sulphates, alkylphenoletherphosphates and ester phosphates; non-ionic surfactants such as alkoxylated alcohols and alkylphenols, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated vegetable oils, e.g. ethoxylated castor oil, fatty acid esters, e.g. of sorbitol, and their ethoxylated derivatives, ethoxylated amines, and condensates of glycerol; and catanionic emulsifiers such as a cationic amine, optionally in combination with an alkylsulphonate or ether sulphonate or ether phosphate, alkoxylated alcohols; alkoxylated alkylphenols; ethoxylated fatty acids; ethoxylated vegetable oils; ethoxylated tristyrylphenol; fatty acid esters of sorbitol and ethoxylated derivatives thereof; ethoxylated amines and condensates of glycerol; sulfonated alkylbenzenes in the range C11-C16 and salts thereof; alkylether sulphates; alkyletherphosphates; alkylphenoletherphosphates; or combinations thereof; salts of phosphate esters of ethoxylated tristyrylphenol; salts of sulphated ethers of ethoxylated tristyrylphenol; or a catanionic system, wherein a cationic amine is present in combination with an alkylsulphonate, an alkylethersulphonate, an ether sulphate, or an ether phosphate such as an alkyletherphosphate, nonylphenol polyethoxy ethanols, castor oil polyglycol ethers, polyadducts of ethylene oxide and polypropylene, tributyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol, octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol.

Suspension aid in the present description denotes a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic material with which the active substance is combined in order to facilitate its application to the plant, to the seeds or to the soil. This carrier is hence generally inert, and it must be agriculturally acceptable, in particular to the plant being treated. The carrier may be solid (clays, natural or synthetic silicates, silica, resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, and the like or mixtures thereof) or liquid (water, alcohols, ketones, petroleum fractions, aromatic or paraffinic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, liquefied gases, and the like or mixtures thereof). Examples of suspending agent used in Suspo Emulsion (SE) formulation include, but not limited to, aluminum magnesium silicate, bentonite clay, silica, silicone dioxide, attapulgite clay.
Biocides / Microorganisms cause spoilage of formulated products. Therefore antimicrobial agents are used to eliminate or reduce their effect. Examples of such agents include, but are not limited to: propionic acid and its sodium salt; sorbic acid and its sodium or potassium salts; benzoic acid and its sodium salt; p-hydroxy benzoic acid sodium salt; methyl p-hydroxy benzoate; and biocide such as sodium benzoate, 1,2- benzisothiazoline-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4- isothiazolin-3-one, potassium sorbate, para hydroxy benzoates or mixtures thereof.
Examples of preservative used in Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include, but not limited to, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one, sodium salt, sodium benzoate, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, formaldehyde, sodium o-phenylphenate, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one & 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.
Examples of preservative used in Suspo Emulsion (SE) formulation include, but not limited to, propionic acid and its sodium salt, sorbic acid and its sodium or potassium salt, benzoic acid and its sodium salt, p-hydroxy benzoic acid sodium salt; methyl p-hydroxy benzoate; and biocide such as sodium benzoate, 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2- methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, potassium sorbate, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, para hydroxy benzoates or mixtures thereof.
Thickeners or gelling agents are used mainly in the formulation of suspension concentrates, emulsions and suspoemulsions to modify the rheology or flow properties of the liquid and to prevent separation and settling of the dispersed particles or droplets. Thickening, gelling, and anti-settling agents generally fall into two categories, namely water-insoluble particulates and water-soluble polymers. It is possible to produce suspension concentrate formulations using clays and silicas. Examples of thickners used herein Suspo Emulsion (SE) formulation include, but are limited to, montmorillonite, e.g. bentonite; magnesium aluminum silicate; and attapulgite. Water-soluble polysaccharides have been used as thickening-gelling agents for many years. The types of polysaccharides most commonly used are natural extracts of seeds and seaweeds are synthetic derivatives of cellulose or mixtures thereof. Examples of these types of materials include, but are not limited to, guar gum; locust bean gum; carrageenam; xanthan gum; alginates; methyl cellulose; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC); hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) or mixtures thereof. Other types of anti-settling agents are based on modified starches, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene oxide or mixtures.
The quick coating agent can be a conventionally available sticker, for example polyesters, polyamides, poly- carbonates, polyurea and polyurethanes, acrylate polymers and copolymers, styrene copolymers, butadiene copolymers, polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose derivatives, vinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate and vinyl pyrrolidone polymers and copolymers, polyethers, epoxy, phenolic and melamine resins, polyolefins and define copolymers and mixtures thereof. Examples of preferred polymers are acrylate polymers such as poly(methacrylate), poly(ethyl methacrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate), acrylate copoylmers and styrene-acrylic copolymers as defined herein below, poly(styrene-co maleic anhydride), cellulosic polymers such as ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetatebutyrate, acetylated mono, di, and triglycerides, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), vinyl acetate polymers and copolymers, poly(alkylene glycol), styrene butadiene copolymers, poly(ortho esters), alkyd resins, and mixtures of two or more of these.
Polymers that are biodegradable are also useful in the present invention. As used herein, a polymer is biodegradable if is not water soluble, but is degraded over a period of several weeks when placed in an application environment. Examples of biodegradable polymers that are useful in the present invention include biodegradable polyesters, starch, polylactic acid starch blends, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymers, polydioxanone, cellulose esters, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, starch esters, starch ester aliphatic polyester blends, modified corn starch, poly capro lactone, poly(namylmethacrylate), wood rosin, poly anhydrides, poly vinyl alcohol, poly hydroxyl butyrate valerate, biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, and poly hydroxyl butyrate or mixtures thereof.
Examples of buffering agent as used herein Suspo Emulsion (SE) formulation is selected from group consisting of calcium hydroxyapatite, Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate, Sodium Hydroxide, carbonated apatite, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphates, carbonated calcium phosphates, amine monomers, lactate dehydrogenase and magnesium hydroxide.
Examples of solvent used in Suspo Emulsion (SE) formulation include water, water soluble alcohols and dihydroxy alcohol ethers. The water-soluble alcohol which can be used in the present invention may be lower alcohols or water-soluble macromolecular alcohols. The term "lower alcohol", as used herein, represents an alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tertbutanol, etc. Macromolecular alcohol is not limited, as long as it may be dissolved in water in a suitable amount range, e.g., polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, glucitol, etc. The examples of suitable dihydroxy alcohol ethers used in the present invention may be dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ethers or dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers. The examples of dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ether include ethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, dipropylene glycol ethyl ether, etc. The examples of dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers include ethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, dipropylene glycol phenyl ether, and the like. Any of the above mentioned solvent can be used either alone or in combination thereof; Paraffinic hydrocarbons, cyclohexanone, isophorone and ester solvents such as methyloleate, dimethylamide and morpholineamide derivatives of C6-C16 fatty acids, and mono-alkylene carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and butylene carbonates, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 2-ethylhexanol and n-butanol, n-alkylpyrrolidones, fatty acid dimethyl esters, fatty acid esters, dibasic esters, aromatic hydrocarbons and/or aliphatic hydrocarbons, one or more dimethylamides, such as C8-dimethylamide, C10-dimethylamide, C12-dimethylamide, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyalkylene glycols, aromatic hydrocarbons, methylpyrrolidinone (NMP); dimethylformamide (DMF); dimethylisosorbide (DMI); isophorone; acetophenone; 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidonone; lactate esters; dimethyl and diethylcarbonates; alcohols including methanol; ethanol; iso-propanol; n-propanol; n-butanol; iso-butanol; and tert-butanol; Methyl L-lactate, 2-Ethylhexyl L-lactate, Ethyl L-lactate, n-Butyl L-lactate, Octyl phenyl ethoxylate.
Examples of carrier or diluting agent used in Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include, but not limited to, methylated vegetable oil, ethylated vegetable oil, olive oil, kapok oil, castor oil, papaya oil, camellia oil, sesame oil, corn oil, rice bran oil, cotton seed oil, soybean oil, groundnut oil, rapeseed-mustard oil, linseed oil, tung oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, methyl / ethyl / propyl / butyl ester of vegetable oils, Methylated seed oil, polyalkyleneoxide modified polydimethylsiloxane alkylphenol ethoxylate, rapeseed oil methyl ester, rapeseed oil ethyl ester, rapeseed oil propyl esters, rapeseed oil butyl esters, soybean oil methyl ester, soybean oil ethyl ester, soybean oil propyl ester, soybean oil butyl ester, castor oil methyl ester, castor oil ethyl ester, castor oil propyl ester, castor oil butyl ester, cotton seed oil methyl ester, cotton seed oil ethyl ester, cotton seed oil butyl ester, cotton seed oil propyl ester, tall oil fatty acids esters-tallow methyl ester, tallow ethyl ester, tallow propyl ester, bio-diesel, mineral oil, C1 -C3 amines, alkylamines, alkanolamines with C6–C18 carboxylic acids, fatty acids, alkyl esters of fatty acids, methyl and ethyl oleate, methyl and ethyl soyate, alkyl benzenes and alkylnaphthalenes, polyalkylene glycol ethers, fatty acid diesters, fatty alkylamides and diamides, dialkylene carbonates, ketones and alcohols.

The process for preparing the present novel synergistic composition can be modified accordingly by any person skilled in the art based on the knowledge of the manufacturing the formulation. However all such variation and modification is still covered by the scope of present invention.

These and other aspects of the invention may become more apparent from the examples set forth herein below. These examples are provided merely as illustrations of the invention and are not intended to be construed as a limitation thereof.

EXAMPLE 1:
OD (Oil Dispersion) formulation of Pyriproxyfen 8%+Dimpropyridaz 6%
Chemical composition % (w/w)
Pyriproxyfen a.i. Active ingredient 8.00
Dimpropyridaz a.i. Active ingredient 6.00
Trisiloxane ethoxylate Wetting-spreading-penetrating agent 5.00
Tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate Dispersing agent 5.00
Calcium salts of dodecylbenzene sulphonate Emulsifying agent 8.00
Bentonite clay Stabilizer 2.00
Polydimethyl siloxane Antifoaming agent 0.50
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol Preservative 0.10
Polypropylene glycol Antifreezing agent 5.00
Methylated seed oil, polyalkyleneoxide modified polydimethylsiloxane alkylphenol ethoxylate Carrier as solvent 60.40
Total 100.00

Storage stability- Pyriproxyfen 8%+Dimpropyridaz 6% OD (Oil Dispersion) formulation
Laboratory storage for 14 days
Parameters Specification (in house) Initial At 54±2 0C At 0±2 0C
Pyriproxyfen content percent by mass 7.60 to 8.80 8.60 8.30 8.50
Dimpropyridaz content percent by mass 5.70 to 6.60 6.50 6.10 6.40
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility percent min. 80 97.50 96.20 97.30
Dimpropyridaz suspensibility percent min. 80 98.00 96.50 97.80
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.5 to 8.5 6.25 6.45 6.25
Pourability 95% min. 97.60 97.20 97.50
Specific gravity 1.0 to 1.10 1.02 1.02 1.02
Viscosity at spindle no. 62, 20 rpm 450-900 cps 780 700 785
Particle size (micron) D50<3, D90<10 2.2,8.6 2.4,8.8 2.5,8.9
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil 2 nil
Room temperature storage
Parameters Specification (in house) 1 month 6 months 12 months
Pyriproxyfen content percent by mass 7.60 to 8.80 8.60 8.40 8.30
Dimpropyridaz content percent by mass 5.70 to 6.60 6.50 6.30 6.10
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility percent min. 80 97.50 97.00 96.20
Dimpropyridaz suspensibility percent min. 80 98.00 97.50 96.50
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.5 to 8.5 6.25 6.40 6.25
Pourability 95% min. 97.60 97.20 97.50
Specific gravity 1.0 to 1.10 1.02 1.02 1.02
Viscosity at spindle no. 62, 20 rpm 450-900 cps 780 700 785
Particle size (micron) D50<3, D90<10 2.2,8.6 2.4,8.8 2.5,8.9
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil 2 nil

Procedure: Manufacturing process of Oil dispersion (OD) formulation:
Preparation of Oil dispersion (OD) formulation:
Part A Preparation of the liquid premix
Step 1 Charge Vegetable oil or solvent or both into a vessel with anchor stirrer.
Step 2 Under stirring, add the emulsifier and dispersing agent and stir until all ingredients are dissolved completely.
Part B Preparation of the slurry
Step 1 Now, charge the liquid premix into a second vessel, equipped with a cooling and heating device and a high shear stirrer.
Step 2 Add the active ingredient and homogenize thoroughly. Pre-mill this mixture and finally mill it using a bead mill to achieve a particle size distribution as required by the specification.
Part C Preparation of the Thickener gel
Step 1 Charge the vegetable/plant/seed oil or solvent to the vessel, equipped with a high shear stirrer.
Step 2 Add gradually the thickener which is organophilic clay, maintaining high-shear mixing throughout. Stirring is continued until thoroughly mixed.
Step 3 Under stirring, the thickener activating agent is added. Allow the gel to swell whilst maintaining mixing.
Part D Preparation of the final formulation
Step 1 Now add the thickener gel or silica and disperse the mixture by using a high shear stirrer.
Step 2 Finally add the recommended wetting and spreading agent or adjuvants (silicone or non-silicone based) to this formulation and disperse by using high shear stirrer.
Step 3 Check the finished formulation to specification.
Step 4 After approval, material is packed in required pack sizes.

EXAMPLE 2:
OD (Oil Dispersion) formulation of Pyriproxyfen 6%+Isocycloseram 5%+Dimpropyridaz 5%
Chemical composition % (w/w)
Pyriproxyfen a.i. Active ingredient 6.00
Isocycloseram a.i. Active ingredient 5.00
Dimpropyridaz a.i. Active ingredient 5.00
Trisiloxane ethoxylate Wetting-spreading-penetrating agent 5.00
Tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate Dispersing agent 5.00
Calcium salts of dodecylbenzene sulphonate Emulsifying agent 8.00
Bentonite clay Stabilizer 2.00
Polydimethyl siloxane Antifoaming agent 0.50
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol Preservative 0.10
Polypropylene glycol Antifreezing agent 5.00
Methylated seed oil, polyalkyleneoxide modified polydimethylsiloxane alkylphenol ethoxylate Carrier as solvent 58.40
Total 100.00

Storage stability- Pyriproxyfen 6%+Isocycloseram 5%+Dimpropyridaz 5% OD (Oil Dispersion) formulation

Storage stability study in laboratory (at 54±2 C & At 0±2 C temp. for 14 days) and at room temperature (for 12 months) shows that Pyriproxyfen 6%+Isocycloseram 5%+Dimpropyridaz 5% OD formulation complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH range, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.

Procedure: Manufacturing process of Oil dispersion (OD) formulation:
The manufacturing process remains same as that of Example 1.

EXAMPLE 3:
SE (Suspo emulsion) formulation of Pyriproxyfen 8%+Broflanilide 2%
Chemical composition % (w/w)
Pyriproxyfen a.i. Active ingredient 8.00
Broflanilide a.i. Active ingredient 2.00
Octyl phenol Ethoxylate Solvent 10.00
Trisiloxane ethoxylate Wetting-spreading-penetrating agent 4.00
Tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate Dispersing agent 1 4.50
Polyarylphenyl ether sulphate ammonium salt Dispersing agent 2 1.00
Bentonite clay Suspending agent 2.00
Polydiemthylsiloxane Antifoaming agent 0.30
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol Preservative 0.20
Polypropylene glycol Antifreezing agent 5.00
Xanthan gum Thickner 0.15
Water Diluent Water 62.85
Total 100.00

Storage stability- Pyriproxyfen 8%+Broflanilide 2% SE (Suspo emulsion) formulation
Laboratory storage for 14 days
Parameters Specification (in house) Initial At 54±2 0C At 0±2 0C
Pyriproxyfen content percent by mass 7.60 to 8.80 8.60 8.30 8.50
Broflanilide content percent by mass 1.90 to 2.20 2.20 2.06 2.18
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility percent min. 80 97.50 96.50 97.30
Broflanilide suspensibility percent min. 80 98.50 97.70 98.30
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 4.5 to 6.5 5.20 5.10 5.20
Pourability 95% min. 98.00 97.10 97.20
Specific gravity 1.02-1.08 1.03 1.03 1.03
Viscosity at spindle no. 62, 20 rpm 350-800 cps 650 660 675
Particle size (micron) D50<3, D90<10 2.2,8.6 2.4,8.8 2.5,8.9
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil 3 nil
Room temperature storage
Parameters Specification (in house) 1 month 6 months 12 months
Pyriproxyfen content percent by mass 7.60 to 8.80 8.60 8.40 8.30
Broflanilide content percent by mass 1.90 to 2.20 2.20 2.10 2.06
Pyriproxyfen suspensibility percent min. 80 97.50 97.20 97.10
Broflanilide suspensibility percent min. 80 98.50 98.30 98.20
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 4.5 to 6.5 5.20 5.20 5.20
Pourability 95% min. 98.00 97.50 97.00
Specific gravity 1.02-1.08 1.03 1.03 1.03
Viscosity at spindle no. 62, 20 rpm 350-800 cps 650 660 660
Particle size (micron) D50<3, D90<10 2.2,8.6 2.4,8.8 2.5,8.9
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil 3 nil

Procedure: Manufacturing process of Suspo Emulsion (SE) formulation
Preparation of Suspo Emulsion (SE) formulation:
Step 1 2% Gel Preparation: Charge the required quantity of water to a vessel, equipped with a high shear stirrer and start the agitation. Add the required amount of preservative. Mix until homogenous. Add the required amount of thickener and mix vigorously until it is fully wetted.
Step 2 Oil Phase: Charge solvent into the vessel and then add active technical slowly and if required, heat it for 50? so that technical can be dissolved in solvent and then add emulsifier.
Step 3 Charge the required quantity of water to a vessel, equipped with bulk agitator and a high shear homogenizer and start agitation. Add the required amount of ant freezing agent and mix until uniform. Add the antifoaming agent and ensure that it is well dispersed. Add the wetting and dispersing agent and mix until uniform. Ensure that the dispersing agent is fully dispersed.
Step 4 Now add the active ingredient and continue agitating the vessel contents until all components get dissolved. Mill this pre-mix through a Colloid mill and subsequently through a Dyno mill to meet the specified particle size.
Step 5 Now add remaining antifoaming agent to this mill base to a vessel, equipped with bulk agitator. Mix until uniform.
Step 6 Now add oil phase in aqueous phase and stir for 30 minutes using homogenizer.
Step 7 Add the required amount of 2% aqueous pre-gel and also suspending agent and continue agitation until the formulation is homogeneous and has the target viscosity. Mix well.
Step 8 Final product is sent for QC approval.
Step 9 After approval, material is packed in required pack sizes.

EXAMPLE 4:
List of preferred combinations:
Compound A Compound B Active ingredients (%) Formulation Strength (%) Formulation Type
Compound A Compound B
Pyriproxyfen Cyclaniliprole 8 6 14.00 SE
Pyriproxyfen Cyproflanilide 8 6 14.00 SE
Pyriproxyfen Tetrachlorantraniliprole 8 4 12.00 SE
Pyriproxyfen Tyclopyrazoflor 8 8 16.00 SE
Pyriproxyfen Broflanilide 8 2 10.00 SE
Pyriproxyfen Fluxametamide 8 2 10.00 SE
Pyriproxyfen Isocycloseram 8 8 16.00 SE
Pyriproxyfen Spiropidion 8 8 16.00 OD
Pyriproxyfen Dimpropyridaz 8 6 14.00 OD

Compound A Compound B Active ingredients (%) Formulation Strength (%) Formulation Type
B1 B2 A B1 B2
Pyriproxyfen Chlorantraniliprole Spiropidion 8 2.5 4 14.50 SE
Pyriproxyfen Cyantraniliprole Spiropidion 8 5 4 17.00 SE
Pyriproxyfen Cyclaniliprole Spiropidion 8 5 4 17.00 SE
Pyriproxyfen Cyproflanilide Spiropidion 8 5 4 17.00 SE
Pyriproxyfen Tetrachlorantraniliprole Spiropidion 8 5 4 17.00 SE
Pyriproxyfen Tetraniliprole Spiropidion 8 5 4 17.00 SE
Pyriproxyfen Tyclopyrazoflor Spiropidion 8 5 4 17.00 SE
Pyriproxyfen Broflanilide Spiropidion 8 1.2 4 13.20 SE
Pyriproxyfen Cyhalodiamide Spiropidion 8 5 4 17.00 SE
Pyriproxyfen Fluxametamide Spiropidion 8 1.2 4 13.20 SE
Pyriproxyfen Isocycloseram Spiropidion 8 5 4 17.00 SE
Pyriproxyfen Chlorantraniliprole Dimpropyridaz 6 2.5 5 13.50 OD
Pyriproxyfen Cyantraniliprole Dimpropyridaz 6 5 5 16.00 OD
Pyriproxyfen Cyclaniliprole Dimpropyridaz 6 5 5 16.00 OD
Pyriproxyfen Cyproflanilide Dimpropyridaz 6 5 5 16.00 OD
Pyriproxyfen Tetrachlorantraniliprole Dimpropyridaz 6 5 5 16.00 OD
Pyriproxyfen Tetraniliprole Dimpropyridaz 6 5 5 16.00 OD
Pyriproxyfen Tyclopyrazoflor Dimpropyridaz 6 5 5 16.00 OD
Pyriproxyfen Broflanilide Dimpropyridaz 6 1.2 5 12.20 OD
Pyriproxyfen Cyhalodiamide Dimpropyridaz 6 5 5 16.00 OD
Pyriproxyfen Fluxametamide Dimpropyridaz 6 1.2 5 12.20 OD
Pyriproxyfen Isocycloseram Dimpropyridaz 6 5 5 16.00 OD
Pyriproxyfen Spiropidion Dimpropyridaz 5 5 5 15.00 SE
Pyriproxyfen Chlorantraniliprole Broflanilide 8 2 1 11.00 OD
Pyriproxyfen Chlorantraniliprole Fluxametamide 8 2 1 11.00 OD
Pyriproxyfen Chlorantraniliprole Isocycloseram 8 2 4 14.00 OD
Pyriproxyfen Cyantraniliprole Broflanilide 8 4 1 13.00 OD
Pyriproxyfen Cyantraniliprole Fluxametamide 8 4 1 13.00 OD
Pyriproxyfen Cyantraniliprole Isocycloseram 8 4 4 16.00 OD

BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES:

A synergistic effect exists wherever the action of a combination of active ingredient is greater than the sum of the action of each of the components alone. Therefore, a synergistically effective amount or an effective amount of a synergistic composition or combination is an amount that exhibits greater pesticidal activity than the sum of the pesticidal activities of the individual components.

In the field of agriculture, it is often understood that the term “synergy” is as defined by Colby S.R. in an article entitled “ Calculation of the synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations” published in the journal Weeds, 1967, 15, p.20-22, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The action expected for a given combination of two or three active components can be calculated as follows:

FIELD BIO-EFFICACY STUDIES:
The field studies have been conducted to judge the synergism and benefits of innovative ready-mix combinations in comparison to conventional combinations.

Experiment 1: Bioefficacy against insect-pests infesting brinjal crop
Crop : Brinjal
Location : Anand, Gujarat
Treatments : 14
Plot size : 30 sq.m
Spacing : 100 cm x 50 cm
Time of Application : 58 days after transplanting. Fruit & shoot borer, whitefly infestation observed.
Method of Application: Foliar spray with knapsack sprayer
Water volume : 420 liter/hectare
Agronomic Practices : All agronomic practices followed as per the crop requirement.
Observation Methods:
Fruit & shoot borer (Leucinoides orbonalis) control (%): Count the number of infested and healthy shoots per plant. Record such observations from 10 plants per plot, at before application and 14 days after application. Calculate % fruit & shoot borer infestation and then recalculate percent control by below given formula.


Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) control (%): Count the number of insects per leaf. Observed 3 leaves per plant and 10 plants per plot. Record the observations at 7th day after spray. Calculate % insect control by given formula.

Table 1-Treatment details
Treatment number Treatments details Dose (gai/h)
T1 Pyriproxyfen 8%+Cyclaniliprole 6% SE 60+45
T2 Pyriproxyfen 8%+Cyproflanilide 6% SE 60+45
T3 Pyriproxyfen 8%+Tetrachlorantraniliprole 4% SE 60+30
T4 Pyriproxyfen 8%+Tyclopyrazoflor 4% SE 60+30
T5 Pyriproxyfen 8%+Broflanilide 2% SE 60+15
T6 Pyriproxyfen 8%+Fluxametamide 2% SE 60+15
T7 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 60
T8 Cyclaniliprole 4.5% SL 45
T9 Cyproflanilide 10% SC 45
T10 Tetrachlorantraniliprole 20% SC 30
T11 Tyclopyrazoflor 10% SC 30
T12 Broflanilide 30% SC 15
T13 Fluxametamide 10% L 15
T14 Untreated control (UTC) 0

Table 2-Control of fruit & shoot borer and whitefly in brinjal crop
Treatment number % Whitefly control % Fruit & shoot borer control average number of healthy fruits per plant % increase in healthy fruits over T14
Obs. Value Cal. Value Colby's ratio Obs. Value Cal. Value Colby's ratio
T1 98.2 87.77 1.12 94.6 79.78 1.19 32.5 162.1
T2 97.2 87.20 1.11 92.8 80.26 1.16 30.1 142.7
T3 98.4 86.74 1.13 88.4 77.08 1.15 28.1 126.6
T4 99.2 87.56 1.13 93.6 80.74 1.16 30.2 143.5
T5 99.4 89.01 1.12 86.2 76.28 1.13 29.4 137.1
T6 97.8 88.54 1.10 94.2 81.06 1.16 31.3 152.4
T7 74.2 20.4 17.3 39.5
T8 52.6 74.6 22.9 84.7
T9 50.4 75.2 23.5 89.5
T10 48.6 71.2 21.2 71.0
T11 51.8 75.8 23.1 86.3
T12 57.4 70.2 20.6 66.1
T13 55.6 76.2 24.6 98.4
T14 0.0 0 12.4 0.0

All the innovative ready-mix formulations (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 & T6) provides synergistic control of brinjal fruit & shoot borer and whitefly, and produces higher (>28) number of healthy fruits per plant as compared to their individual application and untreated check.

Experiment 2: Bioefficacy against insect-pests infesting cotton crop
Crop : Cotton
Location : Baroda, Gujarat
Treatments : 8
Plot size : 50 sq.m
Spacing : 120 cm x 60 cm
Time of Application : 72 days after transplanting. Jassid & whitefly infestation observed.
Method of Application: Foliar spray with knapsack sprayer
Water volume : 460 liter/hectare
Agronomic Practices : All agronomic practices followed as per the crop requirement.
Observation Methods:
Jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula) control (%): Count the number of jassid per leaf and 3 leaves per plant. Record the observations from 10 plants per plot. Calculate % jassid control.
Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) control (%): Count the number of whitefly per leaf and 3 leaves per plant. Record the observations from 10 plants per plot. Calculate % whitefly control.
Record the observations at before spray and 7 days after spray.


Apply Colby’s formula to Jassid and whitefly control (%) data to calculate synergism.
Fruiting bodies count: Count the number of fruiting bodies (square, flowers & bolls) per plant, record observations from 10 plants per plot at 14 days after spray.

Table 3-Treatment details
Treatment number Treatments details Dose (gai/h)
T1 Pyriproxyfen 8%+Isocycloseram 8% SE 60+60
T2 Pyriproxyfen 8%+Spiropidion 8% OD 60+60
T3 Pyriproxyfen 8%+Dimpropyridaz 6% OD 60+45
T4 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 60
T5 Isocycloseram 10% DC 60
T6 Spiropidion 30% SC 60
T7 Dimpropyridaz 12% SC 45
T8 Untreated control (UTC) 0

Table 4-Control of sucking pests (Jassid and whitefly) in cotton crop.
Treatment number % Whitefly control % Jassid control average number of fruiting bodies per plant % increase in healthy fruits over T14
Obs. Value Cal. Value Colby's ratio Obs. Value Cal. Value Colby's ratio
T1 95.8 89.66 1.07 96.8 80.95 1.20 63.7 50.6
T2 97.2 91.83 1.06 95.2 87.54 1.09 65.2 54.1
T3 98.4 91.22 1.08 97.8 90.20 1.08 68.5 61.9
T4 72.2 54.2 46.2 9.2
T5 62.8 58.4 50.8 20.1
T6 70.6 72.8 51.2 21.0
T7 68.4 78.6 52.7 24.6
T8 0.0 0 42.3 0.0

The novel ready mix combinations (T1, T2 & T3) provides excellent synergistic control of sucking pests (jassid and whitefly) in cotton crop and also yielded higher number of fruiting bodies per plant which will directly contributing to the yield.

Experiment 3: Bioefficacy against insect-pests infesting chilly crop
Crop : Chilly
Location : Umreth, Gujarat
Treatments : 20
Plot size : 30 sq.m
Spacing : 100 cm x 45 cm
Time of Application : 80 days after transplanting. Whitefly and fruit borer infestation observed.
Method of Application: Foliar spray with knapsack sprayer
Water volume : 510 liter/hectare
Agronomic Practices : All agronomic practices followed as per the crop requirement.
Observation Methods:
Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) control (%): Count the number of whitefly per leaf and 3 leaves per plant. Record the observations from 10 plants per plot. Calculate % whitefly control.
Record the observations at before spray and 7 days after spray.

Apply Colby’s formula to whitefly control (%) data to calculate synergism.
Fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera) larval control (%): Count the number of live larvae per plant at before spray and 7 days after spray. Record the observations from 10 plants per plot.
Fruits count: Count the number of healthy green fruits of chilly per plant. Record observations from 10 plants per plot at 14 days after spray.

Table 5-Treatment details
Treatment Number Treatment details Use Rate g.a.i./h
T1 Pyriproxyfen 8%+Chlorantraniliprole 2.5%+Spiropidion 4% SE 80+25+40
T2 Pyriproxyfen 8%+Cyantraniliprole 5%+Spiropidion 4% SE 80+50+40
T3 Pyriproxyfen 8%+Tetraniliprole 5%+Spiropidion 4% SE 80+50+40
T4 Pyriproxyfen 8%+Broflanilide 1.2%+Spiropidion 4% SE 80+12+40
T5 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+Spiropidion 30% SC (tank mix) 80+40
T6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+Chlorantraniliprole 20% SC (tank mix) 80+25
T7 Pyriproxyfen 10% SC+Cyantraniliprole 10% SC (tank mix) 80+50
T8 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+Tetraniliprole 20% SC (tank mix) 80+50
T9 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+Broflanilide 20% SC (tank mix) 80+12
T10 Spiropidion 30% SC+Chlorantraniliprole 20% SC (tank mix) 40+25
T11 Spiropidion 30% SC+Cyantraniliprole 10% SC (tank mix) 40+50
T12 Spiropidion 30% SC+Tetraniliprole 20% SC (tank mix) 40+50
T13 Spiropidion 30% SC+Broflanilide 20% SC (tank mix) 40+12
T14 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 80
T15 Spiropidion 30% SC 40
T16 Chlorantraniliprole 20% SC 25
T17 Cyantraniliprole 10% OD 50
T18 Tetraniliprole 20% SC 50
T19 Broflanilide 20% SC 12
T20 UTC (Untreated Check) 0

Table 6-Control of fruit borer larvae and whitefly in chilly crop
Treatment Number % Whitefly control % Fruit borer larval control Average number of fruits per plant % increase in fruits over T20
Obs. Val. Cal. Val. Colby's Ratio Synergism (Y/N) Obs. Val. Cal. Val. Colby's Ratio
T1 98.40 88.63 1.11 Y 98.80 80.48 1.23 62.8 91.46
T2 99.20 90.84 1.09 Y 99.20 79.42 1.25 63.5 93.60
T3 97.60 88.31 1.11 Y 99.60 78.21 1.27 62.1 89.33
T4 98.20 88.68 1.11 Y 99.40 80.63 1.23 61.7 88.11
T5 84.20 85.64 0.98 N 23.60 24.34 0.97 56.8 73.17
T6 68.80 70.38 0.98 N 76.40 77.09 0.99 55.7 69.82
T7 75.20 76.14 0.99 N 73.40 75.85 0.97 57.1 74.09
T8 67.20 69.56 0.97 N 72.80 74.43 0.98 56.4 71.95
T9 69.40 70.53 0.98 N 75.40 77.27 0.98 55.3 68.60
T10 68.80 69.59 0.99 N 77.20 78.02 0.99 54.8 67.07
T11 74.20 75.50 0.98 N 75.40 76.83 0.98 53.7 63.72
T12 67.00 68.74 0.97 N 73.80 75.46 0.98 55.3 68.60
T13 68.40 69.74 0.98 N 77.20 78.19 0.99 53.9 64.33
T14 62.60 11.20 42.2 28.66
T15 61.60 14.80 44.3 35.06
T16 20.80 74.20 45.9 39.94
T17 36.20 72.80 47.2 43.90
T18 18.60 71.20 46.7 42.38
T19 21.20 74.40 41.7 27.13
T20 0.00 0.00 32.8 0.00

All the ready mix novel combinations (T1, T2, T3 & T4) provides synergistic control of fruit borer larvae and whitefly infesting chilly crop and also producing higher number of healthy green chilly fruits per plant as compared to all conventional treatments and untreated check.

Experiment 4: Bioefficacy against insect-pests infesting Okra crop
Crop : Okra
Location : Anand, Gujarat
Treatments : 16
Plot size : 30 sq.m
Spacing : 90 cm x 45 cm
Time of Application : 64 days after sowing. Whitefly and fruit borer infestation observed.
Method of Application: Foliar spray with knapsack sprayer
Water volume : 400 liter/hectare
Agronomic Practices : All agronomic practices followed as per the crop requirement.

Observation Methods:
For Whitefly and fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera) control, methods for observations was followed same as given in experiment 3.
Fruit count: Count the number of healthy fruits from 5 plants per plot.

Table 7-Treatment details
Treatment Number Treatment details Use Rate g.a.i./h
T1 Pyriproxyfen 6%+Fluxametamide 1.2%+Dimpropyridaz 5% OD 60+12+50
T2 Pyriproxyfen 6%+Isocycloseram 5%+Dimpropyridaz 5% OD 60+50+50
T3 Pyriproxyfen 5%+Spiropidion 5%+Dimpropyridaz 5% OD 50+50+50
T4 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+Dimpropyridaz 12% SC (tank mix) 60+50
T5 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+Fluxametamide 10% L (tank mix) 60+12
T6 Pyriproxyfen 10% SC+Isocycloseram 10% DC (tank mix) 60+50
T7 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+Spiropidion 30% SC (tank mix) 60+50
T8 Dimpropyridaz 12% SC+Fluxametamide 10% L (tank mix) 50+!2
T9 Dimpropyridaz 12% SC+Isocycloseram 10% DC (tank mix) 50+50
T10 Dimpropyridaz 12% SC+Spiropidion 30% SC (tank mix) 50+50
T11 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 60
T12 Dimpropyridaz 12% SC 50
T13 Fluxametamide 10% L 12
T14 Isocycloseram 10% DC 50
T15 Spiropidion 30% SC 50
T16 UTC (Untreated Check) 0

Table 8-Control of whitefly and fruit borer larval control in okra crop.
Treatment Number % Whitefly control % Fruit borer larval control Average number of fruits per 5 plants % increase in fruits over T16
Obs. Val. Cal. Val. Colby's Ratio Synergism (Y/N) Obs. Val. Cal. Val. Colby's Ratio
T1 98.80 93.71 1.05 Y 96.80 73.49 1.32 32.50 175.42
T2 99.40 93.02 1.07 Y 95.20 74.40 1.28 31.70 168.64
T3 99.20 94.94 1.04 Y 62.40 37.99 1.64 27.40 132.20
T4 93.60 85.64 1.09 N 21.40 23.82 0.90 25.80 118.64
T5 95.40 83.27 1.15 N 66.80 68.96 0.97 26.70 126.27
T6 80.40 81.43 0.99 N 68.40 70.03 0.98 24.90 111.02
T7 84.80 86.55 0.98 N 25.60 27.39 0.93 22.10 87.29
T8 82.20 83.53 0.98 N 69.20 70.28 0.98 24.70 109.32
T9 80.40 81.73 0.98 N 70.20 71.31 0.98 23.80 101.69
T10 85.60 86.76 0.99 N 28.40 30.48 0.93 19.60 66.10
T11 61.80 10.80 15.40 30.51
T12 62.40 14.60 17.70 50.00
T13 56.20 65.20 18.80 59.32
T14 51.40 66.40 18.50 56.78
T15 64.80 18.60 16.90 43.22
T16 0.00 0.00 11.80 0.00

All the ready mix combinations (T1, T2 and T3) provides excellent synergistic control of whitefly and okra fruit borer larvae and produces higher number of healthy fruits as compared to all the conventional combinations and untreated check.

Overall summery of field trials:
The field trials results shows many benefits/advantages of ready mix formulations. The synergism observed in terms of insect-pests control.
• Provides higher level of insect-pests (sucking, piercing and chewing type of insects) control (increase in % control)
• Provides longer duration of control (residual control)
• Provides higher yield
• Increases plant growth, vigor, height, produces a greater number of tillers, shoots, branches, flowers, fruits, grains etc. and overall biomass of the crop, which directly increases the yield of the crop.

,CLAIMS:CLAIMS
We claim;
[CLAIM 1]. A synergistic insecticidal composition comprising:
a. an insecticide selected from juvenile hormone mimics in an amount of 0.1 to 80% by weight;
b. one or more insecticides selected from class of diamides, metadiamides, isoxazolines and tetramic acids or compound with unknown mode of action in an amount of 0.1 to 80% by weight; and
c. formulation excipients.

[CLAIM 2]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein, an insecticide from juvenile hormone mimics is selected from pyriproxyfen or fenoxycarb.

[CLAIM 3]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein an insecticide from diamide class of compound is selected from cyclaniliprole, cyproflanilide, tetrachlorantraniliprole, tyclopyrazoflor, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyhalodiamide, flubendiamide and tetraniliprole.

[CLAIM 4]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein an insecticide from metadiamide class of compounds is broflanilide.

[CLAIM 5]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein an insecticide from isoxazolines compounds are selected from fluxametamide and isocycloseram.
[CLAIM 6]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein an insecticide from class of tetramic acid compound is spiropidion and compound with unknown mode of action is dimpropyridaz.

[CLAIM 7]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formulation for the said composition is selected from Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsion, water in oil (EO), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion, oil in water (EW), Flowable suspension/concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granule/ soil applied (GR), Controlled (Slow or Fast) release granules (CR), Solution for seed treatment (LS), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (oil miscible suspension (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Suspension concentrate (= flowable concentrate) (SC), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Water soluble powder (SP), Water dispersible granule (WG or WDG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry treatment (WS), A mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), A mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW).

[CLAIM 8]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 and claim 7, wherein the preferred combinations of active ingredients in the composition comprises:
i Pyriproxyfen 8%+Cyantraniliprole 5%+Spiropidion 4%
ii Pyriproxyfen 6%+Cyantraniliprole 5%+Dimpropyridaz 5%
iii Pyriproxyfen8%+Chlorantraniliprole 2.5%+Spiropidion 4%
iv Pyriproxyfen 8%+Tetraniliprole 5%+Spiropidion 4%
v Pyriproxyfen 6%+Tetraniliprole 5%+Dimpropyridaz 5%
vi Pyriproxyfen 5%+Spiropidion 5%+Dimpropyridaz 5%
vii Pyriproxyfen 8%+ Cyclaniliprole 5%+Spiropidion 4%
viii Pyriproxyfen 8%+ Cyproflanilide 5%+Spiropidion 4%
ix Pyriproxyfen 8%+Tetrachlorantraniliprole 5% + Spiropidion 4%
x Pyriproxyfen 8%+ Tyclopyrazoflor 5%+Spiropidion 4%
xi Pyriproxyfen 8%+ Broflanilide 1.2%+Spiropidion 4%
xii Pyriproxyfen 8%+ Cyhalodiamide 5%+Spiropidion 4%
xiii Pyriproxyfen 8%+ Fluxametamide 1.2%+Spiropidion 4%
xiv Pyriproxyfen 8%+ Isocycloseram 5%+Spiropidion 4%
xv Pyriproxyfen 6%+ Chlorantraniliprole 2.5%+ Dimpropyridaz 5%
xvi Pyriproxyfen 6%+ Cyclaniliprole 5%+Dimpropyridaz 5%
xvii Pyriproxyfen 6%+ Cyproflanilide 5%+ Dimpropyridaz 5%
xviii Pyriproxyfen 6%+ Tetrachlorantraniliprole 5%+ Dimpropyridaz 5%
xix Pyriproxyfen 6%+ Tyclopyrazoflor 5%+ Dimpropyridaz 5%
xx Pyriproxyfen 6%+ Broflanilide 1.2%+ Dimpropyridaz 5%
xxi Pyriproxyfen 6%+ Cyhalodiamide 5%+ Dimpropyridaz 5%
xxii Pyriproxyfen 6%+ Fluxametamide 1.2%+ Dimpropyridaz 5%
xxiii Pyriproxyfen 6%+ Isocycloseram 5%+ Dimpropyridaz 5%
xxiv Pyriproxyfen 8%+ Chlorantraniliprole 2%+ Broflanilide 1%
xxv Pyriproxyfen 8%+ Chlorantraniliprole 2%+ Fluxametamide 1%
xxvi Pyriproxyfen 8%+ Chlorantraniliprole 2%+ Isocycloseram 4%
xxvii Pyriproxyfen 8%+ Cyantraniliprole 4%+ Broflanilide 1%
xxviii Pyriproxyfen 8%+ Cyantraniliprole 4%+ Fluxametamide 1%
xxix Pyriproxyfen 8%+ Cyantraniliprole 4%+ Isocycloseram 4%

[CLAIM 9]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 7, wherein the preferred composition for the Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation comprises:
i Pyriproxyfen 8%+Dimpropyridaz 6%
ii Pyriproxyfen 6%+Isocycloseram 5%+Dimpropyridaz 5%
iii Pyriproxyfen 8%+ Spiropidion 8%
iv Pyriproxyfen 6%+Broflanilide 1.2%+Dimpropyridaz 5%
v Pyriproxyfen6%+Fluxametamide1.2%+ Dimpropyridaz 5%
vi Pyriproxyfen6%+Cyproflanilide5%+Dimpropyridaz 5%
vii Pyriproxyfen 8%+Cyantraniliprole 4%+Broflanilide 1%

[CLAIM 10]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 8, wherein the Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation comprises:
i. an insecticide selected from juvenile hormone mimics in an amount of 0.1 to 80% by weight;
ii. one or more insecticides selected from class of diamides, metadiamides, isoxazolines and tetramic acids or compound with unknown mode of action in an amount of 0.1 to 80% by weight;
iii. wetting-spreading-penetrating agent in an amount of 2 to 8% by weight;
iv. dispersing agent in an amount of 2 to 8% by weight;
v. emulsifying agent in an amount of 6 to 10% by weight;
vi. stabilizer in an amount of 1 to 5% by weight;
vii. antifoaming agent in an amount of 0.1 to 1.5% by weight;
viii. preservative in an amount of 0.05 to 0.5% by weight;
ix. antifreezing agent in an amount of 2 to 8% by weight; and
x. carrier as solvent in an amount of 40 to 70% by weight.

[CLAIM 11]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 9, wherein wetting-spreading-penetrating agent is selected from trisiloxane ethoxylate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyoxyethylene methyl polysiloxane, polyoxyalkylene methyl polysiloxane, polyether polymethyl siloxane copolymer, heptamethyl trisiloxane, Polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyl trisiloxane, polyether modified polysiloxane, may or may not be in modified form, may be liquid or powder form or mixture thereof.

[CLAIM 12]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 9, wherein dispersing agent is selected from alkyl sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkylphenolalkoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, natural or synthetic fatty ethoxylate alcohols, natural or synthetic fatty acid alkoxylates, natural or synthetic fatty alcohols alkoxylates, n-butyl alcohol poly glycol ether, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers, ethylene oxide-butylene oxide block copolymers, fatty acid-polyalkylene glycol condensates, sodium ligno sulfonate, sodium ploycarboxylate, EO/PO based copolymer, phenol sulfonate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, styrene acrylic acid copolymer, propyleneoxide-ethyleneoxide-copolymer, polyethylene glycol 2,4,6-tristyrylphenyl ether, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, tristyrylphenole with 16 moles EO, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, oleyl-polyglycolether with ethylene oxide, tallow fattyamine polyethylene oxide, nonylphenol polyglycolether with 9-10 moles ethylene oxide.

[CLAIM 13]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 9, wherein emulsifying agent is selected from castor oil ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, sorbitan ester ethoxylates, sulphosuccinate, calcium salts of dodecylbenzene sulphonate, alkylammonium salts of alkylbenzene sulphonate, alkylsulphosuccinate salts, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers, ethoxylated alkylamines, ethoxylated alkyl phenols and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate.

[CLAIM 14]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 9, wherein stabilizer is selected from hectorite clay, aluminium magnesium silicate, bentonite clay, silica and attapulgite clay.

[CLAIM 15]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 9, wherein antifoaming agent is selected from silicone oil, silicone compound, C10~C20 saturated fat acid compounds or C8~C10 aliphatic alcohols compound, silicone antifoam emulsion, dimethylsiloxane, polydimethyl siloxane, vegetable oil based antifoam, tallow based fatty acids, polyalkyleneoxide modified polydimethylsiloxane.

[CLAIM 16]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 9, wherein preservative is selected from 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one, sodium salt, sodium benzoate, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, formaldehyde, sodium o-phenylphenate, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one & 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.

[CLAIM 17]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 9, wherein antifreezing agent is ethylene glycol, propane diols, glycerine or the urea, Monoethylene glycol, Diethylene glycol, Polypropylene glycol, Polyethylene glycol, glycerine, urea, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and sodium chloride.
[CLAIM 18]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 9, wherein carrier as solvent is selected from vegetable oil (plant, seed or tree) or its alkylated or ethoxylated or esterified, olive oil, kapok oil, castor oil, papaya oil, camellia oil, sesame oil, corn oil, rice bran oil, cotton seed oil, soybean oil, groundnut oil, rapeseed-mustard oil, linseed oil, tung oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, methyl ester, ethyl ester, propyl ester or butyl ester of vegetable oils, Methylated seed oil, polyalkyleneoxide modified polydimethylsiloxane alkylphenol ethoxylate, rapeseed oil methyl ester, rapeseed oil ethyl ester, rapeseed oil propyl esters, rapeseed oil butyl esters, soybean oil methyl ester, soybean oil ethyl ester, soybean oil propyl ester, soybean oil butyl ester, castor oil methyl ester, castor oil ethyl ester, castor oil propyl ester, castor oil butyl ester, cotton seed oil methyl ester, cotton seed oil ethyl ester, cotton seed oil butyl ester, cotton seed oil propyl ester, tall oil fatty acids esters-tallow methyl ester, tallow ethyl ester, tallow propyl ester, bio-diesel, mineral oil (aromatic solvents, isoparaffin, base solvent), C1 -C3 amines, alkylamines or alkanolamines with C6–C18 carboxylic acids, fatty acids, alkyl esters of fatty acids, methyl and ethyl oleate, methyl and ethyl soyate, alkyl benzenes and alkylnaphthalenes, polyalkylene glycol ethers, fatty acid diesters, fatty alkylamides and diamides, dialkylene carbonates, ketones and alcohols.

[CLAIM 19]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1- claim 7, wherein the preferred composition for the Suspo Emulsion (SE) formulation comprises:
i. Pyriproxyfen 8 %+Cyclaniliprole 6 %
ii. Pyriproxyfen 8 %+ Tetrachlorantraniliprole 4 %
iii. Pyriproxyfen 8 % + Tyclopyrazoflor 8 %
iv. Pyriproxyfen 8 % + Broflanilide 2%
v. Pyriproxyfen 8 %+ Chlorantraniliprole 2.5 %+ Spiropidion 4%
vi. Pyriproxyfen 8 %+ Tetraniliprole 5 %+ Spiropidion 4%
vii. Pyriproxyfen 8 %+ Broflanilide 1.2 %+ Spiropidion 4%

[CLAIM 20]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in 18, wherein the Suspo Emulsion (SE) formulation comprises:
i. an insecticide selected from juvenile hormone mimics in an amount of 0.1 to 80% by weight;
ii. one or more insecticides selected from class of diamides, metadiamides, isoxazolines and tetramic acids or compound with unknown mode of action in an amount of 0.1 to 80% by weight;
iii. solvent in an amount of 8 to 12% by weight;
iv. wetting-spreading-penetrating agent in an amount of 2 to 6 % by weight;
v. dispersing agent 1 in an amount of 2 to 6 % by weight;
vi. dispersing agent 2 in an amount of 0.5 to 4 % by weight;
vii. suspending agent in an amount of 1 to 4% by weight;
viii. antifoaming agent in an amount of 0.1 to 1 % by weight;
ix. preservative in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 % by weight;
x. antifreezing agent in an amount of 2 to 6 % by weight;
xi. thickner in an amount of 0.1 to 0.2% by weight; and
xii. diluent water in an amount 40 to 70% by weight.

[CLAIM 21]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 19, wherein solvent is selected from water, water soluble alcohols, dihydroxy alcohol ethers, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, glucitol, dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ether, dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers, ethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, di-propylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, di-propylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol phenyl ether, 5 diethylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, di-propylene glycol phenyl ether, Paraffinic hydrocarbons, cyclohexanone, isophorone, methyloleate, dimethylamide, morpholineamide derivatives of C6-C16 fatty acids, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonates, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 2-ethylhexanol, n-butanol, n-alkylpyrrolidones, fatty acid dimethyl esters, fatty acid esters, dibasic esters, aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, C8-dimethylamide, C10-dimethylamide, C12-dimethylamide, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyalkylene glycols, aromatic hydrocarbons, methylpyrrolidinone (NMP), dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylisosorbide (DMI), isophorone, acetophenone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidonone, lactate esters, dimethyl and diethylcarbonates, methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, tert-butanol, Methyl L-lactate, 2-Ethylhexyl L-lactate, Ethyl L-lactate, n-Butyl L-lactate and octyl phenyl ethoxylate.

[CLAIM 22]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 19, wherein wetting-spreading-penetrating agent is selected from organosilicone surfactants includes trisiloxane ethoxylate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyoxyethylene methyl polysiloxane, polyoxyalkylene methyl polysiloxane, polyether polymethyl siloxane copolymer, heptamethyl trisiloxane, Polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyl trisiloxane, polyether modified polysiloxane, 10 mole ethylene oxide adduct of octylphenol, may or may not be in modified form, may be liquid or powder form or mixture thereof.

[CLAIM 23]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 19, wherein dispersing agent is selected from alkylated naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, sodium ligno sulfonate, sodium ploycarboxylate, EO/PO block copolymer, phenol sulfonate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, styrene acrylic acid copolymer, propyleneoxide-ethyleneoxide-copolymer, polyethylene glycol 2,4,6-tristyrylphenyl ether, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, Polyarylphenyl ether sulphate ammonium salt, tristyrylphenole with 16 moles EO, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, oleyl-polyglycolether with ethylene oxide, tallow fattyamine polyethylene oxide, nonylphenol polyglycolether with 9-10 moles ethylene oxide, polyesters, polyamides, poly- carbonates, polyuria, polyurethanes, acrylic polymers, copolymers, styrene copolymers, butadiene copolymers, starch, cellulose derivatives, vinylalcohol, vinylacetate, vinylpyrrolidone polymers and copolymers, polyethers, epoxy, phenolic and melamine resins, polyolefins, poly(methacrylate), poly(ethyl methacrylate), poly(methylmethacrylate), acrylate copoylmers and styrene-acrylic copolymers, poly(styrene-co maleic anhydride), ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetatebutyrate, acetylated mono, di, and triglycerides, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), vinyl acetate polymers and copolymers, poly(alkylene glycol), styrene butadiene copolymers, poly(orthoesters), alkyd resins, and mixtures of two or more of these, polylactic acid starch blends, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymers, polydioxanone, cellulose esters, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, starch esters, starch esteraliphatic polyester blends, modified corn starch, polycaprolactone, poly(namylmethacrylate), wood rosin, polyanhydrides, polyvinylalcohol, polyhydroxybutyratevalerate, biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, and polyhydroxybutyrate or mixtures thereof.

[CLAIM 24]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 19, wherein suspending agent is selected from aluminum magnesium silicate, bentonite clay, silica, silicone dioxide and attapulgite clay.

[CLAIM 25]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 19, wherein antifoaming agent is selected from silicone oil, silicone compound, C10~C20 saturated fat acid compounds or C8~C10 aliphatic alcohols compound, silicone antifoam emulsion, dimethylsiloxane, polydimethyl siloxane, vegetable oil based antifoam, tallow based fatty acids, polyalkyleneoxide modified polydimethylsiloxane.

[CLAIM 26]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 19, wherein preservative is selected from propionic acid and its sodium salt, sorbic acid and its sodium or potassium salt, benzoic acid and its sodium salt, p-hydroxy benzoic acid sodium salt; methyl p-hydroxy benzoate; and biocide such as sodium benzoate, 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2- methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, potassium sorbate, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, para hydroxy benzoates or mixtures thereof.

[CLAIM 27]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 19, wherein antifreezing agent is selected from ethylene glycol, propane diols, glycerine or the urea, glycol (monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol), glycerine, urea, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and sodium chloride.

[CLAIM 28]. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 19, wherein thickner is selected from montmorillonite, bentonite; magnesium aluminum silicate, attapulgite, natural extracts of seeds and 15 seaweeds are synthetic derivatives of cellulose or mixtures thereof; guar gum, locust bean gum, carrageenam, xanthan gum, alginates, methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) or mixtures thereof; modified starches, polyacrylates, polyvinyl 20 alcohol and polyethylene oxide or mixtures.