INTELLIGENT MOLDING ENVIRONMENT flND METHOD OF CONTROLLING APPLIED CLAMP TONNAGE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates, in general, to the management of mold operation and the accumulation and use of data to improve all aspects of short-term and long-term mold operation and machine operation/collaboration. More particularly, but not exclusively, the present invention relates to the control of clamp tonnage through closed loop control and the use of sensed or historically stored clamp tonnage information,
SUMMARY OF THE PRIOR ART
In a molding operation, whether this be in an injection molding environment or any similar system using platens and molds, molded part quality is affected by a number of factors, including the physical conditions and configuration of the system equipment and also the processing conditions under which the molded part is formed.
With molds required to run essentially on a continuous, yearlong basis and under harsh operating conditions (arising from large temperature ranges and high closure pressures), prior to mold acceptance and delivery, customers generally require that each new or re-conditioned mold be operationally proven in a production-like environment. During such validation, a test rig (defined by the manufacturer so as to ensure effective benchmarking) is set-up for nominally optimum performance of the mold, i.e. in a way that optimizes molded part quality and productivity. Optimization is achieved through process parameter control, including the setting of cavity fill and hold times, which takes considerable time (even for a skilled test technician). Even establishing the initial perceived boundary conditions (in terms of a suitable injection profile)
forthe production or a particular molded part requires considerable experience.
Unfortunately, the test rig is highly likely to vary in system configuration to the molding machine into which the customer will eventually locate the mold. Consequently, optimization and set-up achieved on the test rig seldom, if ever, translates to a suitable set-up and production optimization on the customer's machine at the customer's site, For example, in the exemplary context of an injection molding machine, the test rig may operate a different plasticizing unit with a different throughput, processing speed or screw diameter. Additionally, an injection molding machine may or may not include a nozzle mixer, or the nozzle mixer could be different between tha test rig and the customer's machine. Furthermore, as regards the accumulation, prior to injection of a shot of plastic melt in a shooting pot (or in front of a reciprocating screw system), the volume of the shooting pot may vary between the test rig and customer machine. All of these differing configurations impact process control and optimization.
Other factors that affect set-up and quality (but which are more choice related, rather than system dependent) include rasin density, tha use of colorants or additives and whether the machine's venting system is operating to specification. As will be understood, colorants and additives are the choice of the customer and affect plastification and hence screw throughput capacity. With respect to venting, each cavity initially contains air that must be purged from the cavity during material injection. With a well-maintained and clean machine, higher fill rates are achieved because air vents from the cavity are initially clear from clogging particulate matter, especially PET dust and the like. With the partial or full blockage of the venting system, cavity pressures increase on a cavity-by-cavity basis and, in the extreme, non-purged air
from cavities produces both voids in the molded article and short-weight molded products.
Turning to some more specific aspects related to preform production in a multi-cavity environment, the fill rats of the cavity and injection set-up is critical to preform quality. In this regard, it will be understood that cavity filling is subject to numerous process transition points, particularly exemplified by the transition from velocity fill control (in which speed and position of a plunger in the shooting pot is critical) to pressure control (where preform shrinkage ia addressed through the controlled injection of additional molten material). More particularly, the transition points are particularly important to preform geometry in heavier preforms where shrinkage is more significant, although it is noted that thin-walled and relatively lightweight preforms (lass than about fifty grams) have particular fill control issues especially associated with the geometry and thickness transition between the elongate wall portion and the neck portion of the preform. Indeed, in the pressure hold portion of the cycle, there are usually multiple transitions to decreasing pressure for stipulated hold times for a particular preform geometry, The fill profile does, therefore, have an overall affect on cycle time.
With any failure to appropriately set-up a fill profile, visually apparent defects can occur in the molded articles. The resulting molded articles, especially in the context of a preform for a bottle or container, is generally of sufficiently impaired quality that the preform is unsaleable. Additionally, a non-optimized system directly affects overall productivity and therefore limits the customer's ability to optimize their return on capital.
also, in the injection moiaing rieia ana particularly in relation to preform manufacture, the customer will, over time, almost always modify the mold to produce different components, In terms of stack components, such modification may simply require replacement of a cavity and gate insert, with a neck finish (defined by a neck ring) remaining unchanged. This form of mold conversion would therefore simply change the weight of the preform, since the geometry of the preform is changed by the variation of the length of the cavity or the thickness of the walls of the preform (as principally defined by the cavity). Again, such a change would require the machine set-up to be re-configured, which re-configuration requires time and expertise,
Clearly, any machine down-time or sub-optimunt performance is costly to the producer and must therefore be minimized.
In a multi-cavity, preform mold environment/ clamp forces typically vary up to about "600 tons, whereas molding systems in general can require and develop clamp tonnage to many thousands of tons of closure pressure for larger applications. These closure forces are seen across the entire mold and the stack components within the mold and are developed to counterbalance the injection pressures seen in the mold as melt is injected into the cavity. Should there be any misalignment in the components, the applied pressurea are sufficient to cause premature wear of the mold, which wear can result in component failure or, more typically and initially, rtflash". As will be understood, "flash" is the undesired leakage of plastic melt from the molding system (typically from non-parallelism and misalignment). Flash accelerates the effects of component wear and, invariably, produces directly unusable molded parts.
To date, while molding machine operation is processor-controlled (such as described in EP-A-0990966, the overall
system has operated in a limited closed-loop control environment in which centralized control (at a system-wide controller) makes use of real-time sensed signals from the machine. For example, thermocouples located within the mold provide a temperature indication to the system controller that reacts by adjusting or compensating heater output within a hot runner of the mold. Such a system is described in US patent 6,529,796 which also describes the use of a look-up table to provide an incremental step rate at which powar is applied to each heater to reflect a desired warm-up curve. Furthermore, OS patent 6,529,796 describes the use of an interactive process manager (or IPM) that is located in a housing fixed to a mold, with the IPM connected to a centralized communications and power unit (containing a computer terminal) through a single connection. Sensors within the mold are coupled to the IPM which can relay signals to the communication and power unit for overall system management control, including alarm signals arising from sensed stack mis-engagement.
Hot runner control is described in US 5,421,577 in which a processor is located within a thermally isolated enclosure coupled to the aide of a mold through a junction box. The processor receives signals from sensors within the mold, and controls the operation of mold components (such as heaters and valve components) through the nensing of temperature, pressure and flow.
US patent 5,795,511 describes a method and apparatus for controlling an injection molding system. The hot-half of a mold includes an associated junction box in which is located a nonvolatile memory that stores information specific to the hot half and its thermal control. More specifically, the memory preserves the most recent temperature settings for the hot-half, which information can be later retrieved for subsequent use with the mold. An overall system controller can, however,
evertheless operate independently of ~fhe"n5n"volStll«>*memory8 (should the memory malfunction).
US patent 5,222,026 describes a die-casting machine which includes a keyboard through which an operator can enter a mold classification. The mold classification therefore allows a controller to access associated, pre-stored operational information. Automatic mold identification is also contemplated through an array . of limit switches and their associated contacts located, respectively, on the back of the mold and at an interface on the die-casting machine, with only certain of the limit switches triggered upon contact with the interface, a digital signature is generated that corresponds to the inserted mold. The signature is then interpreted by a system controller. Of course, if the contacts become bent or broken, a false signal will be interpreted at the system controller and the wrong mold set-up installed.
US 6,048,476 to Lausenhammez; et al describes a method and sysem for preventing flash in a mold. Pressure sensors are used to measure the actual pressure within the clamping force application mechanism, with a controller provided with logic to determine whether the mold is close to being blown open as molten material is injected into the mold.
JP 11192651 discloses a system in which there is the direct detection of "injection pressure and metering resin pressure applied to a screw" in a feedback environment for the applied clamp force.
In'a similar manner to JP 11192651, OS 5,756,019 describes a system in which applied clamp tonnage is varied based on position and pressure measurements. Therefore, the system of US 5,756,019 is set up once based, in part, of a measured part quality and visual assessment/inspection, The system therefore
needs to be calibrated by a trained technician and (in the sense of acceptable part quality relative to applied clamp tonnage) must occur at least with every mold change.
JP 6031787describes a system that provides a visualization of the injection process through the collection of data from the machine environment and its subsequent visual presentation on a display.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided, a molding- machine controller responsive, in use, to sensed data indicative of clamp closure tonnage, the machine controller arranged dynamically to a'djust applied clamp pressure to balance and preferably slightly exceed an injection pressure, characterized in that the machine controller, in response to measured cavity pressures in a mold, varies the applied clamp pressure to substantially mimic an injection pressure profile within an in use operational environment of the molding machine containing the mold,
In another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of operating a molding machine, the method comprising; sensing an injection pressure; dynamically varying an applied clamp tonnage to balance and preferably slightly exceed the sensed injection pressure; the method characterized by: sensing cavity pressure inside the mold; and based on the cavity pressure, varying the applied clamp pressure to substantially mimic an injection pressure profile.
In a further aspect of the present invention there is provided an injection molding machine comprising: a clamp assembly adapted to support, in use, mold halves that are periodically brought together under applied clamp pressure and by operation
of the clamp assembly to form a mold; sensors associated with the clarnp assembly, the sensors arranged to provide a sensed indication of the applied clamp tonnage; and a machine controller responsive to the sensors, the machine arranged dynamically to adjust the applied clamp pressure to balance and preferably slightly exceed an injection pressure; characterized by: cavity pressure sensors in the mold, the cavity pressure sensors coupled to the machine controller such that the applied clamp pressure is altered by the machine controller in response to measured cavity pressures in the mold, whereby the applied clamp pressure substantially mimics an injection pressure profile within an operational environment of the molding machine.
In yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided a combination of a molding machine controller and associated memory in which is stored injection pressure information for a molding process in a mold, the machine controller configured, in use, to access the injection pressure information to determine and control an amount of applied tonnage that is to be applied to the mold during the molding process, characterized in that: the machine controller is arranged to limit the applied clamp tonnage to one of: a maximum recorded injection pressure to be experienced by the mold; and a most likely injection pressure to be experienced by the mold.
The present invention therefore provides a molding system in which there is increased operational control. Moreover, the present invention is used to limit the effects of and, indeed, the applied tonnage' in the system, thereby promoting reduced component wear, longer-like and lower energy consumption. For example, through the accumulation of historical data, an operator or a intelligent (computer-controlled) system can move towards an optimized profile for applied tonnage and/or a
limitation in the maximum applied tonnage for the system. Indeed, in one embodiment, a maximum allowed applied tonnage can be preloaded into the on-board chip, whereby interrogation of that on-board chip by the machine controller limits the maximum tonnage of the system.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention also beneficially collates historical data that can be analyzed (either remotely or in real time) to assess and/or revise mold and/or machine performance and/or to assist in mold/machine maintenance. This historically stored information can be used for assessing the legitimacy of warranty claims, and in the development of improved systems and system operating parameters,
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be
described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in
which:
FIG. 1 shows a prior art injection molding machine that can be
adapted to support the concepts of the present invention;
PIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an intelligent molding system
according a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 provides detail of a typical interface for the preferred
system architecture of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a screen representation presentable, in accordance
with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, on a
human-machine interface (HMD of FIG. 2; and
PIG. 5 is a graphical representation of applied tonnage against
time, as utilized in another embodiment of the present
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
PIG. 1 shows a typical injection molding machine 10 that' can be adaptable to support the control processing intelligence of the present invention. As will be understood, during each injection cycle, the molding machine 10 produces a number of plastic parts corresponding to a mold cavity or cavities defined by complementary mold halves 12, 14 located within the machine 10. Overall operational control of the molding machine is accomplished through use pf a machine controller which may b© realized by an architecture having distributed intelligence, i.e. multiple interconnected processors that are responsible for the control of individual parts of the molding system. The machine controller is operationally responsible for a human machine interface (shown in FIG. 2) that allows graphical representation of the machine's present or historic status, as well as the entry of information through a touch-screen, keyboard, readable data device (such as a disk drive or CD-ROM) and the like.
The injection-molding machine 10 includes, without specific limitation, molding structure, such as a fixed platen 16 and a movable platen 17 as well as an injection unit IB for plasticizing and injecting material. In operation, the movable platen. 17 is moved relative to the fixed platen 16 by means of stroke cylinders (not shown) or the like. Clamp force is developed in the machine, as will readily be appreciated, through the use of tie bars 19, 20 and a tie-bar clamping mechanism 21. The clamping mechanism 21 is (generally) fixedly attached to the moving platen 17 (typically through the use of bolts), with each clamping mechanism usually extending at least partially into a corresponding bore 22 that extends through the platen at the corners thereof. It is usual that & floating end 23 of the tie-bar 19, 20 is free to move relative to the moving platen, with the other remote end anchored into the stationary
platen. Of course, in certain systems, the reverse anchoring methodology may be applied.
Referring back to FIG. 1, once the tie-bar is positively engaged in its respective clamp piston, mold clamp force (i.e. closure tonnage) can be applied through the use of (typically) a hydraulic system that is usually directly associated with the clamp piston, Clamp tonnage can also be generated in different ways, including the use of a toggle-clamp arrangement, as will be appreciated.
The mold halves 12, 14 together constitute a mold generally having one or more mold cavities 24, with the mold halves 12, 14 each located in one of the movable platen 17 and the fixed platen 16. A robot 29 is provided, adjacent the fixed platen 16 and movable platen 17, to carry an end of arm tool (BOAT) 30, such as a vacuum-based take-out plate 32 or the like. In the particular realisation of a take-out plate 32 for preforms, the take-out plate 32 contains a number of cooling tubes 34 at least corresponding in number to the number of preforms (or molded products) 36 produced in each injection cycle.
In use, irt a mold open position (as shown in FIG. 1), the robot 29 moves the EOAT 30 into alignment with, typically, a core side of the mold and then waits until molded articles (e.g. preforms 36) are stripped or otherwise ejected from the core(a) into the EOAT 30 by operation of a stripper plate 36, actuator or lift rods or their functional equivalent.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown, schematically, in FIG. 2. For the sake of clarity, the injection molding machine {including its platens onto which mold halves are fixed) has bean omitted. A mold is formed from a hot half 50 and a cold half 52. The hot half includes a melt distribution system, such as a hot runner manifold 54, that
interfaces to an injection unit through a suitable sprue
bushing 56, The hot half 50 includes one or more cavities 58-60
that receive, in use, correspondingly aligned cores 62-64
located on the cold half 52.
At least one, if not both,, of the hot half 50 and cold half 52 preferably includes sensors 66-74. The sensors 66-74 may monitor pressures, temperatures or other variable parameters associated with mold operation, including contacts repreaentative of operational cycles or stack misalignment. The sensors 66-74 may be located in dedicated pockets within particular plates of the mold. Alternatively, and as appropriate, sensors may be surfaced mounted (particular those associated with the measurements of applied tonnage). Additionally, certain of the sensors 66-74, especially those required to measure operational temperatures within the mold half or particular components thereof, including stack components and the hot runner 54, are located on, proximate to or embedded in the component from which it is desired to take measurementg.
The number of sensors is limited only to the' amount of available space within the mold, the ability to interconnect (i.e. wire together) the sensors and the type of parameter measurements deemed necessary to accomplish effective information gathering or operational control of the component, mold half or mold.
The sensors 66-74 and their physical connections are resilient to the operational environment and can address the demands of heat, pressure and vibration experienced within a molding machine. In this respect, sensors used in the automotive industry (for engine management purposes) are considared suitable for application in the present invention. Such sensors
readily known to the skilled addressee in the semiconductor" art.
Additionally, at least one (and preferably both) of the hot half 50 and cold half 52 preferably includes at least one memory device 76,78 for storing information. The memory device may be located in a pocket within the mold half or in a module on the side of the mold. Like the sensors 66-74, the memory device and its physical connections are adapted to withstand the rigours of the injection molding environment, and in this respect th« skilled addressee will readily appreciate that reference should be made to the semiconductor art,, particularly those used in automotive and engine management-type applications,
The memory devices 76, 78 in each mold half are ultimately responsive to a machine controller 80 which includes suitable control logic and application specific management functions. In this respect, the machine controller 80 may use a local microprocessor 82, although control intelligence could equally be distributed throughout the entire system.
The machine controller 80 is further operationally responsible for a human machine interface (HMI) 34 that provides an operator with an ability to enter information (via a, keyboard, touch-screen or readable data entry device 86, such as a CD-ROM drive) and to review/receive information on a auitable display 88. Information stored in the memory devices 76, 78 can therefore be accessed by the machine controller 80, and the storing (i.e- writing) of information into the memory devices is further controlled by the overall control intelligence within the system. With cooperating with the machine controller 80, the memory devices 76, 78 are therefore able to accumulate an historical record of sensed data received from local sensors
IU6-74 or from other sensing sources, e.g. the machine controller.
Coupling Of the memory devices 76, 78 to the machine controller 80 may be through a field bus B9 or the like using either the digital or analog signal domains and using serial, multiplexed or parallel information transfer mechanisms. Equally, wireless technology (such as radio frequency ("RF") technology) can be employed to link the memory devices 76, 78 to the machine controller 80, as represented by the functional antenna and RF block 90.
The memory devices can be realized by any suitable non-volatile memory storage technology, including P-T&G, Datakey and RS-485 multi-drop technologies. In ons particular embodiment, the memory devices 76, 78 can be used and implemented independently from the sensors, The memory architecture can be realized by USB-extender connections and USB flash memory which supports a fast serial interface between, a .memory stick and the machine controller. Remote or interface access to the memory can henca be achieved through any appropriate technology (e.g. Ethernet) readily appreciated by the skilled addressee.
Optionally, the machine controller 80 is further networked to a database 92, which database may be reached via a modem connection 94. The database 92 can be located either at the customer's premises and even within memory allocated to the system controller, or may be remotely located off-site, e.g. at the machine supplier. The database 92 contains a listing of supplied machines and their associated (and preferably optimized) operational parameters which can be selectively accessed and downloaded to the machine controller 80 of the local injection molding machine 10. The database can also be periodically updated with operational information and sensed measurements from the injection molding machine 10, thus
Allowing off-line analysis o£ the operational conditions experienced by and in the injection molding machine 10 or specific components thereof.
in one embodiment, the on-chip memory can simply include a network address pointer that allov/s on-line connectivity to a database of set-up parameters that establish {through downloading to the machine controller) a baseline far machine operation.
Tha memory devices 76, 78 in the hot half 50 and cold half 52, in a preferred embodiment, are therefore coupled together, Similarly, with regards ancillary equipment outside of the mold, e.g. a robot 29 or post-mold cooling device, this ancillary equipment way optionally be coupled to the memory devices 76, 78 to receive stored information pertaining to component set-up or machine configuration, Including timing and location/arm positioning information to achieve take-out of specific parts. Typically, an independent controller 96 at the robot receivea and interprets information received from the memory devices 76, 68 to control the operation of th© ancillary equipment- Of course, the machine controller 80 could provide centralized control of the ancillary equipment provided that a communication path (e.g. a common bus structure) interconnects the memory devices 76, 70 with the machine controller and the ancillary equipment, as will be readily appreciated by the skilled addressee. In this respect, a TCP/IP link (or its equivalent) may therefore also exist between memory device 76 and microprocessor 102, although this direct and optional connection has been omitted from FIG 2 for reasons of clarity.
Optionally, in another embodiment, the hot runner 54 includes a memory chip or RF tag that can be coupled to the machine controller 80; the function of this memory chip or RF tag will be described in due course.
Referring briefly to FIG. 3, a plurality of sensors 68-72 are individually coupled to a data (collection) interface 100 that provides a communication path to a memory device 76. Access to the memory is controlled by a suitable controller, such as a microprocessor 102 that is coupled to the sensors through the data interface 100. Typically, access to the microprocessor 102 is through a digital-to-analog converter 104 and, optionally, a multiplexor 106. If the microprocessor is in a distributed control system, the data interface 100 also provides information coupling to a machine controller 80.
Turning now to the functional operation of the various preferred architectural embodiments of the present invention, functional control and set up of the system of FIG. 2 can be accomplished in a number of ways.
Firstly, the machine controller 80 can request direct entry of certain information through its HMI 84. For example, in relation to mold set-up, a preferred embodiment of'the present invention generates a screen prompt that asks for part parameters relating to the molded part that is to be produced.
Secondly, the control logic in the machine acts to look for and, if available, interrogate in-mold information identifying the system configuration of the system's sub-components, e.g. mold, hot runner and stack. In this context, "in-mold" information should be appreciated as being a generic description of a mechanism by which component-related operational data is stored on an on-board chip. Equally, the term *in-mold" relates an identification tag that identifies a specific part, mold or machine and which is.used by the machine controller to index a dedicated configuration file in a database (located with or remote to the machine controller)
( that contains a multiplicity of configuration files related to different parts, molds and/or machines.
Thirdly, the machine controller monitors in real-time the operational parameters of the machine by receiving sensed signals from strategically located sensors. In a closed loop configuration, dynamic adjustment of the machine operating conditions in undertaken by the system controller.
To improve mold set-up, a preferred embodiment of the present invention requests data entry of various physical parameters of the desired molded part. More particularly, considering the instance of a preform, a control algorithm (of a preferred embodiment of the present invention) for the EMI prompts the machine operator to input weight and thickness measurements for particular zones of the preform. The thickness measurement is at least the maximum thickness measurement, With regard to the zones, any number and granularity may be used, but it is preferred that weight and thickness measures be obtained for the gate region, the threaded or neck region and the intermediate (generally cylindrical) body region between the gate and neck. This information may be entered in the form of a table, or otherwise directly onto a representative or simplified image of the preform that is generated on the display 88, as shown in FIG. 4.
Optionally, the control algorithm for the HMI additionally requests information concerning the gate diameter through which melt is injected into the cavity, the overall length of the molded part and other significant dimensions of the preform, e.g. the outside diameter of the thread. Additionally, the machine operator is preferably required to input limited process related machine parameters, including the diameter of the shooting pot piston and the number of cavities in the mold. The density of the resin is also preferably obtained for a
< _
given operating temperature and pressure, although a'control algorithm of the present invention may apply an averaged density- Also, preferred operating criteria on injection pressure may be selected input or downloaded into the HMI. With greater knowledge of the machine's general and specific set-up and configuration, the control algorithm and system controller are better placed to define the initial mold and machine set-up points, thereby rendering the system in an initial operating state that batter approximates to the optimum or preferred operating state.
Since the cooling efficiency of the cold half is subject to the temperature differential between its cooling circuit and the resin temperature, the algorithm may optionally also compensate for varying cold half operating temperatures, although cooling
F
circuit temperatures generally fall within a limited rang* of between about 5'C and 25°C and therefore have minimal effect when viewed in ths context of the temperature of the molten resin at the injection point.
Data entry could be restricted to a component identity, provided that this component identity was used by the machine controller to gain access to a look-up table characterizing the operation parameters of that component,
Given the above identified data, the control algorithm, in calculating a fill profile, applies a weighting factor between the various zones (having different thicknesses and geometries) to compensate for differing cooling and flow characteristics arising in these varying zone geometries. More particularly, an aspect of the present invention recognizes that it is beneficial to have minimal and preferably no induced stresses within the molded part (e.g. the preform) and, furthermore, that there is constant gas venting from the cavity. On this basis, an aspect of the present invention looks to achieve a
constant fill rt__ _4i «liAW1J a inea.i: xront (traveling through the cavity) is at a constant speed or flow in each of the zone geometries of the preform. After initial set-up, in order to achieve or ensure a constant flow, it may still however be necessary to further refine some processing parameter (e.g. melt temperature and injection piston position) to compensate for system imbalances, but the present invention has acted to reduce the number and likely range of such parameters that may need to be addressed through an iterative revision process. Consequently, the present invention moves the mold towards an optimized set-up in reduced time, with the present Invention making use of guidance provided by the mold manufacturer to simplify and possible eliminate the iterative refinement process.
The algorithm (operational within the machine controller 80) hence calculates a fill profile that, to at least a first approximation, corresponds to an optimum fill profile for the mold. As will now be understood, the .fill profile will include operational set-points for: i) injection rate transition time control (when velocity to pressure control is exercised by the machine logic),- ii) plunger speed; and iii) when transitions in hold pressure should occur.
The control algorithm preferably calculates set-points for additional machine operations, including extruder operation and cooling functions (both in mold and post-mold).
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention/ rather than having an operator input data into the machine controller 80 via the HMI 84, a memory device in the mold (or memory devices in the respective mold halves) is arranged to download mold configuration information to the machine controller 80. In this context, mold configuration information relates to part geometry and, particularly, to physical parameters of the
desired molded part (as indicated above). Download can be either automatic and driven by mold installation and power-up, or prompted by machine operator interaction. In a preferred embodiment, preform information is obtained directly from a stored construction drawing loaded into tha memory, with the machine controller including a macro that extracts dimensions from an electronic construction drawing for the preform produced according to a specified template.
Once download has been accomplished, the control algorithm (in the machine controller) allows the operator to raodify certain operating conditions, particularly in relation to machine operation, e.g. resin temperature settings, piston speed and the like. Given the number of cavities (which may be included in the stored data retained in the memory device or otherwise input by the machine operator), the algorithm is then able to calculate and set the fill profile and particularly the operational set-points for: ij injection rate transition time control (when velocity to pressure control ia exercised by the machine logic); ii) plunger speed; and iii) when transitions in hold pressure should occur. Once calculated, the control algorithm causes the fill profile and operational set-points to be tabulated or otherwise shown on the display 88 of the HMI 84.
Information stored in the memory devices is stored, initially, when the component (with which the memory device is directly associated) is manufactured. At times of refurbishment or conversion of that component such as cold half, a hot runner manifold or the stack configuration, the memory is updated with new technical data, including part parameters.
In addition, subject to available storage capacity, the memory device can include user instructions manuals and related technical data that can be selectively accessed by the machine
controller to allow display of reference documents on tha HMI 84,
Once in an operational environment pf a machine, the control algorithm ensures that a back-up of the data in the memory is stored locally within the machine controller, At power down, although not essential, synchronization, of data between the mold and chip is preferably undertaken, which synchronization is preferably arranged not to over-write existing data that is used for historical assessment purposes described subsequently,
As a barest minimum, the memory device needs to include a component identity number which allows the machine controller to cross-reference a database of component identity numbers to obtain a technically relevant configuration information. By simply tagging the component with an identity number (or range of identifying numbsrg), the level of information and complexity of the memory may be limited in the component. However, component tagging in this fashion requires that the system controller periodically be updated with a look^up table that cross-references component numbers with part parameters; this can be done through selective downloading of information to the machine controller (over the internet) or via a CD-ROM periodically sent to the customer. In other words, a component (e.g. mold) number provides a point of recognition which can be cross-referenced into a database of operating parameters made available to the machine controller, Alternatively, the machine controller can be configured to allow a machine operator to directly access a remote database containing a listing of components and their operating characteristics, and then to download relevant operational parameters to allow the control algorithm to calculate set-up,
Alternatively, the memory devices can be substituted for an identifying tag, such as an electronic or RF tag, that can
uniquely identify the component to which it is associated. Rathe* than using a memory device, tagging could also be accomplished with a bar-code strip containing information that can be scanned into the machine controller. In the most basic of forms, the component part number is manually entered into the machine controller, whereby the part number is cross-referenced into a database of operational parameters that is acces$ible by the machine controller.
With any modification to the machine sat-up for a particular mold, such a modification is stored in memory associated with the machine controller. Additionally, with using an in-mold memory device, the revised and potentially manually optimized machine settings are stored in memory device 86 on or in the mold component or mold half, thereby allowing the machina setup configuration to be transported with movement of ths mold or mold half to a different machine.
In all cases, whether by download from the in-tnold memory device or operator-prompted input of data, the control algorithm- performs a data validation and limit check to ensure that the received data satisfies information requirements for the control algorithm and operational parameters for the molding machine. Should there bs an inconsistency, or should the control algorithm generate an out-of-range error, the machine operator is notified through a sensory alert from, the HMI 84. Downloading of information to the in-mold memory device optionally requires security access in the form of a validated password; this prevents erroneous over-writing or malicious tampering with stored molding information.
Tha present invention also contemplates the setting-up of a machine based on prior experiences with a similar machine; this requires either the use of, a look-up table or the direct entry of operational parameters and equipment specification of the
local molding machine into which a new component is to be installed. In entering the parameter information about the mold or component into the machine controller, the control algorithm identifies an inconsistency between recommended machine settings (stored in the memory device on the component) and the operational capabilities of the customer's local molding machine. Through use of manual input through the HMI 64 or system knowledge available to the machine controller, the control algorithm identifies the configuration differences that give rise to operational discrepancies (especially in terms of set-up) and provides an option for set-up conversion based on. extrapolated or projected machine processing characteristics o£ similar systems documented in an accessible look-up table or conversion calculation,
By way of more particular example, a new mold, having an associated memory chip (i.e. in-mold memory) supporting optimized operational process settings data and machine configuration data, is installed into a customer's machine. With the optimized process data configured on a test rig that varied in configuration to the customer's machine, e.g. the clamp size and shooting pot are different, the control algorithm converts test rig optimized data to customer machine optimized data using a set of equations or look-up data based on customer machine parameters and characteristics. The fill-profile and set point control for the new mold In the customer machine is therefore modified, to a first approximation, to the optimized set-up. Alternatively, the control algorithm may access a database of machine configurations to identify an earlier configuration most closely resembling the customer's machine. Once a similar machine has been identified, set-up by the control algorithm of the customer's machine is based on the machine set-up of the earlier, but similar, machine. Should there be a fundamental incompatibility between the test rig s«t-up and the customer's machine (as identified by significant
variations in system components), the control algorithm generates a suitable alert that is presented through the HMI 84.
Subject to available memory storage capacity, the in-mold memory device may optionally include access to a service history, including maintenance notes specific to a mold or generic to the mold-type.
In a fully sensed system, the machine controller 80 ia configured to interrogate the various system components to obtain, through handshaking of information, an understanding of what components and what operating parameters are connected to the system. The machine controller thus selectively accesses memory devices that are permanently associated with particular system components, such as the cold half, the hot half or the stacks/ to obtain the necessary configuration data for subsequent calculation purposes in its set-up control algorithm.
In another embodiment, each of the major components in th* system is tagged electronically to allow the system controller to interrogate all components within the system to identifying operational parameters. If the machine controller fails to establish a valid data verification or "handshake", the machine controller may default to a manual set-up configuration.
In a sensed system, further benefits can be derived, over time, through monitoring and recording of sensor inputs. The plurality of sensors 66-74 located in or on a molding machine (especially in the mold or platen) accumulate machine operational data that is communicated and stored in a memory for subsequent statistical analysis, The analysis can be made by either a technician obtaining access to the stored information through the HMI, or otherwise by downloading the
stored historical machine performance information to an off-aita location, e.g. the manufacturer1's service facility. By obtaining the historical data from multiple machines or molds, the machine manufacturing is able to identify performance trends across their product platform and to undertake appropriate design change, especially to address service issue arising from repetitive problems.
Additionally, the sensed environment supports closed loop control of operational machine processes, as will be readily appreciated.
In addition, a preferred embodiment of the present invention uses sensors 66-74 to monitor and support recording of individual cycle parameters, such as:
a) the number of cycles executed by the mold (or specific mold
components);
b) the maximum and average applied tonnage;
c) the average and minimum cycle times;
d) the ejection speed,-
e) the average, maximum and minimum temperatures experienced
in various parts of the mold half and components, including the
melt distribution system, e.g. the runner system; and
f) other machine and mold events, such as alarms,
Based on the foregoing history, service technicians are able to assess whether and for what periods the machine hag been operating within specification.
Sensed cycle information is stored in memory associated with the system controller 80, which cycle information is preferably stored by continuously updating calculated averages and absolute measurements with the most recent data/ thereby limiting the overall size of the memory,
With sensor monitoring, a preferred embodiment of the present invention has a machine controller configured to report (both at the HMI and a remote service centre) the imminent or actual failure of a component. A service technician at the service centre can instantly schedule service armed with information pertaining to the likely problem, thereby improving service support to the customer.
A centralized database, such as database 92 of FIG. 2, is preferably regularly updated with all new mold components and related operational parameters to support development of a fully-understood technology platform. With knowledge of component capabilities, increasing intelligence may be added to the molding machine's control logic to make use of accumulated/ historical knowledge and to optimize component performance by providing remote system control (of the syatem controller) and process re-optimization.
With a writable memory device, the machine controller is optionally configured to write the machine number into the memory device to provide an historical trace of mold movement. To ensure data is kept updated, the machine controller is further arranged cause a prompt to the user at the time of machine set-up or mold installation into the platen, whereby certain information is entered into the controller and downloaded to the memory associated with the mold component, e.g. the cold half or the hot runner or a robot.
To address potential issues of component non-compatibility (as well as potential counterfeiting and plagiarism of intellectual property in the design of a mold) a preferred embodiment of the present invention hag the machine controller cooperate with memory chips located in both the hot half 50 and cold half 52 of the mold. Without receipt of an authentication code that establishes component compatibility and origin, mold operation
Ls entirely inhibited or restricted to basic functionality, e.g. to ensure that there is no mold/machine damage. Alternatively, if there is no recognition, the machine controller may be configured to generate and, optionally, send a report to indicate that the mold is being used with a suspected counterfeit or clone. In certain instances it is contemplated that it may be desirable to always associate a specific hot half with a specific cold half as a mated pair, whereby unique coded and complementary identities only operate together.
In another aspect of the present invention, with the location of pressure sensors either on the mold surface, within the stack components and/or relative to the force closure path of the platen and tie-bars, microprocessor control of the applied clamp closure tonnage is contemplated. More specifically, rather than developing full closure tonnage for a substantial portion of the duration of the injection cycle, the present invention contemplates closed loop control of the clamp pressure (through control of the hydraulic pistons or their functional equivalent) dynamically to adjust the clamp pressure to reflect, i.e. balance and preferably slightly exceed, the instantaneous injection pressurs. Preferably/ a safety margin (preferably an over pressure of between about 2% to 10%, but at least no more than about. 25% to 50%) is preferably built into the system to ensure that effective mold closure is obtained and guaranteed. In this way, the system of the preferred embodiment consumes less power and component wear is reduced. Pressure sensing could be achieved through surface mounted sensors and by measuring the hydraulic and/or cavity pressures. Alternatively/ or additionally, the system could also monitor mold movement (and particularly mold and tie-bar location).
Referring to FIG. 5, a graphical representation of applied tonnage over time is illustrated. In this diagram, two
alternative approaches are shown. A first approach mimics the injection pressure profile with time, whereby applied tonnage with time is varied according to closed loop control (achieved through sensing ana measurement by appropriately located pressure sensors),
A second approach looks to pre-stored or historically accumulated injection pressure information and, instead of varying the tonnage, applies a constant tonnage. .However/ rather than applying all the available clamp tonnage that can be developed by the clamp assembly, the second approach looks to the maximum recorded/likely injection pressure to be experienced in the mold (as stored in a look-up table associated with the particular mold configuration) and then elevates this maximum pressure by a safety margin of between about 2% and 10%, thereby identifying an optimized clamp tonnage. The machine controller then causes the application of a constant applied tonnage (essentially only during the injection and hold cycles) that corresponds to the optimized clamp tonnage.
Furthermore, with the use of a memory chip (in additional to closed loop control for the applied tonnage), a predefined pressure drop model for the specific configuration of the system(s) could be stored with the mold. Consequently, by interrogating the memory, the profile of tonnage application would be accessed and loaded into the control system as control parameters. Again, by this time using a modeled tonnage profile (which itself could be based on empirically derived results for different mold types and cavitations), dynamic tannage control is exercised in relation to the injection and hold cycles, thereby reducing the average; pressure applied on the components of the mold.
lii 'V
l
n overview, with respect to applied clamp tonnage, the sensors and/or memory chip allow the machine controller to apply either: i) minimum closure tonnage based on pressure measurements; or ii) variation of closure tonnage over time based on either measured physical parameters of the mold or molded article.
Since the machine controller is ultimately responsible for machine control/ it is preferred that all memory devices and ancillary controllers are responsive to the machine controller, thereby ensuring that a single point write function is achieved .
It will, of course, be appreciated that the above description has been given by way of example only and that modifications in detail may be mads within the scope of the present invention. For example, while the preferred embodiment has focused on implementation of the present invention in a multi-cavity preform manufacturing environment, the present invention can find equal application in other technologies in which a mold shoe (associated with a part, such as in a thistomolding environment) is interchangeable over time between many machines having slightly different system configurations. Similarly, while the preferred embodiments contemplate the molding environment to be PET (polyethylene tetraphthalate) , the inventions are applicable to other molding environments for plastic and metal, e.g. polycarbonate and thixomolding, respectively,
While it is advantageous to operate the memory and sensor devices in a complementary nense, it will be understood that the concepts of the present invention relating to the use of memory (or the entry of component identifying information into the machine controller) in any of the aforedsscribed set-up

while the preferred embodiments have focused detailed explanation in rela
tuib to the hot and cold haves of a mold,
the present invention can also find utially and application in other system components, s.g. the robotics,

Claims
1. A molding machine controller (30) responsive, in use, to
sensed data indicative of clamp closure tonnage, the machine
controller (80) arranged dynamically to adjust applied clamp
pressure to balance and preferably slightly exceed an injection
pressure, characterized in that:
the machine controller (80), in response to measured cavity pressures in a mold (12, 14), varies the applied clamp pressure to substantially mimic an Injection pressure profile within an in use operational environment of the molding machine (10) containing the mold (12, 14).
2. The molding machine controller according to claim 1,
wherein the machine controller (80) is arranged to provide
closed loop control of the applied clamp pressure effected
through a control signal sent to hydraulic pistons of the
molding machine (10).
3. The molding machine controller according to claim 3,
wherein the control signal includes an over pressure safety
margin of between about 2% to 10%, but no more than about 25%
to 50%,
4. A method of operating a molding machine containing & mold,
the method comprising:
sensing an injection pressure;
dynamically varying an applied clamp tonnage to balance and preferably slightly exceed tho sensed injection pressure;
the method characterized by:
sensing cavity pressure inside the mold; and
based on the cavity pressure, varying the applied clamp pressure to substantially mimic an injection pressure profile.
method of operating the molding machine (10) according to claim 4, further comprising;
applying an over-pressure that ensures that the applied clamp pressure exceeds an instantaneous injection pressure by no more than 50%, preferably no more than 20%, more preferably no more than 10% and most preferably no more than about 2%.
6. The method of operating the molding machine (10) according
to claim 4 or 5, further comprising sensing at least one of:
hydraulic pressure; mold movement? and tie-bar location.
7. An injection molding machine (10) comprising:
a clamp assembly (16, 17, 21) adapted to support, in use, mold halves (12, 14) that are periodically brought together under applied clamp pressure and by operation of the clamp assembly to form a mold;
sensors (68, 70, 72) associated with the clamp assembly (16, 17, 21} / the sensors (68, 70, 72) arranged to provide a sensed indication of the applied clamp tonnage; and
a machine controller (80) responsive to the sensors (68, 70, 72) , the machine arranged dynamically to adjust the applied clamp pressure to balance and preferably slightly exceed an injection pressure;
characterized by:
cavity pressure sensors in the mold, the cavity pressure sensors coupled to the machine controller such that the applied clamp pressure is altered by the machine controller (80) in response to measured cavity pressures in the mold, whereby the applied clamp pressure substantially mimics an Injection pressure profile within an operational environment of the molding machine.
8. The injection molding machine according to claim 7, wherein
the injection molding machine (10) further includes hydraulic
pistons associated with the clamp assembly (12, 14, 21) , the
machine controller (80) arranged to provide control of the
applied clamp pressure through closed loop control of the
hydraulic pistons,
9. The injection molding machine according to claim 10,
wherain additional sensors are located proximate to at least
one of:
a mold surface in order to sense pressure;
a hydraulic circuit for control of the applied clamp pressure;
a stack component in order to sense pressure; and a tie-bar in order to sense a location,
10. A combination of a molding machine controller (80) and
associated memory (76) in which is stored injection pressure
information for a molding process in a mold (12, 14), the
machine controller (80) configured, in use, to access the
injection pressure information ty determine and control an
amount of applied tonnage that in to be applied to the mold
during the molding process, characterized in that:
the machine controller is arranged to limit the applied clamp tonnage to one of:
a maximum recorded injection pressure to be experienced by the mold; and
a most likely injection pressure to be experienced by the mold.
11. Tha cotnbination of the molding machine controller (30) and associated memory (76) of claim 10, wherein the injection pressure information is stored in the memory as a look-up tabla associated with at least one mold configuration.
The combination gf the molding machine controller (80) and
associated memory (76) of claim, 10, wherein the injection
pressure information is stored in the form of a predefined
pressure drop model for at least one configuration of a molding
system,
12. The combination of the molding machine controller (80) and
associated memory (75) of claim 14, wherein ths machine
controller (80) exercises dynamic tonnaga control in relation
to injection and hold cycles.
13. The combination of the molding machine controller (80) and
associated memory (76) of claim 14, wherein the machine
controller (80) applies an over-pressure that ensures that the
applied clamp pressure exceeds an instantaneous injection
pressure by no raora than 50%, preferably no more than 20%, mora
preferably no more than 10% and most preferably no more than
about 2%.