Description:IOT BASED AUTOMATED REAL TIME MONITORING SYSTEM FOR PATIENTS AND METHOD THEREOF
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to IoT based intelligent system, where patients are put into a proper automated monitoring system, which monitors the patients 24 hrs. with a little user intervention. More particularly, the disclosure addresses an electronic gadget Oxygen-Heart Rate-Temperature (OHT) device, which measures different body parameters like SpO2 level, heart rate, body temperature and send the data to cloud database through a mobile application. In addition, there is also disclosed an AI and ML based portal which learned from the system data and intelligently identify the would-be critical patients and resource requirements like oxygen, hospital beds in long advance by using probability-based machine learning methods and help the Covid-19 patients by providing essential service in proper time.
BACKGROUND ART
Current existing state of art allows only physically attending the hospitals for the covid affected patients for the treatment. When the Covid cases are in increasing mode and since there are a limited number of beds available in hospitals, the current system fails. Though there are some research-oriented proposals available in the literature but still there are no systems available in practice.
The present invention is configured to allow remote monitoring from home for the covid effected patients in cases of scarcity of beds in hospitals with a proper automated monitoring system, which monitors the patients 24 hours with a little user intervention. We have made an electronic gadget, which measures different body parameters like SpO2 level, heart rate, body temperature and send the data to cloud database through our developed mobile application.
In the prior art an US application No. US 2006/O155584 A1 discloses a system and method for Patient Identification, Monitoring, Tracking, and Rescue. When a patient is admitted to a hospital, nursing home, or other health- care facility, a system and procedure for uniquely identifying each patient, monitoring, tracking, and rescuing is developed. A Unique Patient Identification Number (PIN) is used to identify the patient. The collection of critical parameters and comparison with a reference scale are used to monitor the patient. The programmed is integrated with an appropriate transmission/reception system and a patient-wearable tracking device to achieve patient tracking. Patient rescue is accomplished by dispatching rescue teams as and when they are needed, as determined by the system. This technology would aid in the saving of at- risk and other patients' lives, as well as improving patient safety.
Proposed work remotely monitors the covid patients who are generally quarantined at their homes. We have developed a device which records the body parameters and upload the data to our portal through a mobile application. The system can intelligently predict the status of the patient in the upcoming days. It can save lives and provide emergency treatment to covid patients in time.
In another prior art an US Patent number US 8,990.260B2 discloses a remote health monitoring system including a patient-side subsystem, a health-care provider-side subsystem, and a server station make up a health-monitoring system. The patient side subsystem can receive and apply a monitoring profile that consists of profile elements that are connected to each other in a predetermined manner, the monitoring profile elements consisting of patient related data, monitoring related data, and evaluating process elements, and the monitoring profile elements are connected to each other to provide a multi-level tree structure consisting of at least two monitoring profile levels comprising a higher level monitoring profile and a part of the monitoring profile elements is assigned to the bottom monitoring profile level.
The proposed work consists of an electronic device attached with the body of the patient, a mobile application getting information from the device and finally a portal which do analysis of status of all the covid patients and helps to take necessary actions during critical time.
In another prior art an US Patent number US 7552,101B2 discloses a health monitoring system implementing medical diagnosis that includes a medical diagnosis given by a medically certified person in connection to a patient being observed remotely, such as at home, over a communication network. The invention is defined by the medically competent person utilizing surveillance rules to link medical data to health activities in a server. The invention is also defined by the fact that the server programs a remote terminal that is close to the patient, such that the remote terminal employs an automatism that applies the surveillance rules to medical data supplied to the terminal by at least one sensor associated with the patient. and/or a man/machine interface of the patient.
The proposed system monitors the covid patients remotely. Patient data not only used for giving immediate help during emergency but also helps to predict the condition of the patients in future and also predict the resource requirements in advance.
In another prior art an Indian Patent application number IN202141057632 discloses an IOT Covid patient health monitoring system. It discloses a device that monitors heart rate over time and automatically protects Covid patients. Faced with this need, considering that most older people have been at home for a long time or have been neglected at home or in the hospital, at least monitor and record heart rate. This system is built from the devices commonly used in our society at a low price and with the efficiency needed to reach our goals. It is connected by a smartphone equipped with an Android system, a band with a design similar to a smart watch, and a Bluetooth link. Only in this part of the system will it collect heart rate values read from the tape at a programmed frequency and send an SMS message when these values are outside the preconfigured range to report the event. The read value is sent to the platform using an internet connection which processes and displays received values. Note that the platform also provides a way to send notifications, but allows multiple recipients of these messages, so one can customize each one for each recipient. You can also send these messages by email, SMS, or both. Therefore, there is a redundant warning system. The equipment used to build the system is vulgar, so its use as part of the system is accepted at a high level. By combining an intuitive design with an application that brings together specific features at the push of a button on the screen, this acceptance is to overcome the remaining difficulties of the elderly when using smartphones with the simplest features. Obviously, this system provides a certain level of comfort, and above all, it has the potential to increase the independence of both users and responsible people within this framework, prevent emergencies and save lives.
Covid patient monitoring is urgent and can reduce the number of casualties. Historical data show that mortality can be reduced by giving patients the right doses, the right oxygen, and the right time to hospitalize critical patients. We have developed an IoT-based intelligent system that connects patients to a suitable automated monitoring system that monitors patients 24/7 with little user intervention. We have developed an electronic device that measures various physical parameters such as SpO2, heart rate, and body temperature and sends the data to a cloud database via the mobile application that we have built. It also learns from system data and uses probability-based machine learning techniques to intelligently identify potentially critical patients and resource requirements such as oxygen and beds to provide critical services in a timely manner. We have developed a portal to help Covid19 patients.
In another prior art an Indian Patent application number IN202141029724 discloses artificial Intelligence IOT based Respiration rate, Oxygen volume and sleep monitoring wearable device for COVID patients using sensors. The invention demonstrates that both respiratory rate and oxygen volume can be measured using disposable wearable strain sensors placed inconspicuously on the abdomen and chest. The breathing sensor itself has a smaller footprint than a regular patch and only measures changes in each local load. Based on these measurements, it is shown that tidal volume and respiratory rate can be calculated using the principles developed by Kono and Mead. A calibration model was built for each subject to calculate tidal volume, achieving substantial agreement with gold standard spirometry. It also demonstrates the first proof of concept that the sensor can record respiratory signals under walking and running conditions. All subject tests were performed using a tethered data acquisition unit to ensure accurate data alignment, but also show that wireless breathing monitoring is possible using a small Bluetooth module.
We have used temperature sensor MCP9700-E/TO and oxygen level sensor MAX30102 for measuring the body temperature and body oxygen level to monitor the covid patients remotely. These two body parameters are vital for the covid patients.
In yet another prior art an Indian Patent application number IN202111020013 discloses system for Monitoring and Managing Medical Oxygen to COVID Patients using Blockchain and IoT. The System starts its process by activating the MMMOCP (Monitoring and Managing Medical Oxygen to COVID Patients using Blockchain and IoT) for the government/hospitals/patients to make use of the system to supply the oxygen cylinder uninterruptedly and automatically using blockchain technology. Oxygen companies manufacture oxygen cylinders. Godown is used to store the cylinder. Each cylinder's unique RFID tag ID is used to indicate the status of the cylinder and all cylinder information is stored in the blockchain database. Transport vehicles offer the possibility of transporting cylinders between different locations. Public hospitals act as a central storage location for bottles and deliver bottles as needed. RFID tag IDs in green, blue, and red colors indicate that the bottle is in the aisle, in transit, and used by the patient. When the oxygen cylinder inventory drops below 40%, the system will automatically order from the manufacturer.
The proposed work predicts the number of oxygen cylinder, hospital beds require for the patients in advance. From the patient monitoring data, the system intelligently predicts the emergency resource requirement for saving the patient’s lives.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
The present invention is an IoT based intelligent system, where patients are put into a proper automated monitoring system, which monitors the patients 24 hrs with a little user intervention. We have made an electronic gadget, which measures different body parameters like SpO2 level, heart rate, body temperature and send the data to cloud database through our developed mobile application. We have also developed a portal which learned from the system data and intelligently identify the would-be critical patients and resource requirements like oxygen, hospital beds in long advance by using probability-based machine learning methods and help the Covid-19 patients by providing essential service in proper time.
The present invention is a IoT based intelligent system, where patients are put into a proper automated monitoring system, which monitors the patients 24 hrs. with a little user intervention. The herein disclosed electronic gadget, which measures different body parameters like SpO2 level, heart rate, body temperature and send the data to cloud database through our developed mobile application. We have also developed a portal which learned from the system data and intelligently identify the would-be critical patients and resource requirements like oxygen, hospital beds in long advance by using probability-based machine learning methods, and help the Covid-19 patients by providing essential service in proper time.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 illustrates the proposed model of Covid-19 patient tracking system in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 2 illustrates the Sensors, Microcontroller board and Oxygen-Heart Rate-Temperature (OHT) device in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 3 illustrates the Functional diagram of OHT device and mobile application in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 4 illustrates the Day-n tree structure of Patient’s conditions for Group-1 patients in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 5 illustrates the Tree based on group, normal patient and comorbidities in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 6 illustrates the Number of new patients with days in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 7 illustrates the State table and its integer representation in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 8 illustrates the Screenshot of Covid monitoring portal in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 9 illustrates the Screenshot of Registration window in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 10 illustrates the Screenshot of uploading body parameters in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 11 illustrates the Screenshot of patient list and details in accordance with the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Covid-19, specially its second wave created a disaster in several countries like India. It has overwhelmed the healthcare system, leaving hospitals struggling to cope and critical drugs and oxygen in short supply. The new strain of the virus is more harmful than the first wave. Huge number of Covid-19 patients already died due to not getting treatment in time, where majority of them happened at rural areas. In the second wave, oxygen requirement of the patients is very high and in time hospitalization of the patients is required because SpO2 level of the patients reduces drastically. So proper monitoring of the patient is very much needed, which can reduce the number of casualties. From the past data, it is found that if the patients are given proper medicines, sufficient oxygen and hospitalization of critical patients at proper time, number of mortalities can be reduced.
Constructional features of the Oxygen-Heart Rate-Temperature (OHT) Device
Several sensors, a microprocessor board, and a Bluetooth module for wireless transmission and reception make up the OHT device. The many modules utilized in the OHT device depicted in Fig. 2 are listed below. Additionally, it displays the OHT gadget and how it is mounted on the arm.
Sensors:
MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter Heart Rate Sensor Module for measuring SpO2 level and Heart rate of the patient.
MCP9700- E/TO for body temperature measurement.
Bluetooth Module:
HC-06 module for wireless communication with mobile phone application.
Microcontroller Board:
Arduino Nano board is used for processing data received from the sensors and Bluetooth module.
Method of operating of the OHT device and application
Step-1: Initially, Patient wear the OHT device on his/her arm.
Step-2: Connect the OHT device with the OHT mobile Application through Bluetooth.
Step-3: Register the OHT device and own-self with the OHT mobile application.
All the data are saved locally as well as in a cloud database server.
Step-4: Every 30 minutes, the software automatically reads the body parameter from the smartphone through the OHT device and sends the information to a server. The app also requests blood pressure and blood sugar readings twice every day.
Step-5: For the purpose of assessing patient condition, stored data are examined. The app sends an emergency signal to the server and the OHT device to read parameters more often when a patient enters an emergency scenario (every 10 minutes).
The inventors have made an electronic gadget, which measures different basic body parameters like SpO2 level, heart rate, body temperature. The threshold variables have been recorded separately in server and mobile application as well.
Mobile Application: The covid-19 patient registers his/her OHT device along with the details of own-self. It sends the sensed data recorded by the OHT device. The patient can download and view the doctor’s prescription by clicking the button “Prescription”, which is generated based on the patient’s status. In emergency, patient can call the Zonal office by pressing the “Emergency” button for consultation with doctors.
Online portal: The facilities provided by this portal are discussed below.
• Patient List: It shows the details about the patients who are suffering fromCovid-19. It also shows the present status of the patients.
• Critical Patient: It shows the patients who need hospitalization. Mobile number and address of the patients are also shown in this report, so that the patient can be contacted and can be taken necessary action.
• Oxygen Requirement: The patients who should be given oxygen immediately, their name, mobile number and address are shown in the report.
• Overall Analysis: This report shows the total active patients; total oxygen requirement, total hospital beds requirement and finally machine learning based prediction system for the number of patients that are expected to increase in coming four days.
The invention has divided all the patients into 4 groups according to their age, they are
1. Group-1, age ≤ 18
2. Group-2, 18
m + 1 and we know the states of the patient up to day m , then we have to follow the procedure discussed next.
(a) Calculate ) by using the equation ….. (2)
(b) Then iteratively calculate L(Cjm+2),L(Cjm+3)...... up to L(Cjn) by using the same equation with the data of maximum past four days.
As an example, suppose the conditions of a patient Pi on day 2, 3, 4, and 5 are known. Now we want to predict the condition of that patient on day 8. So first we have to use the above equation 2, to find the condition on day 6 by using the day-2 tree and using the same procedure iteratively we have to find the condition on day 7 by using the tree of day 3 and from the patient’s condition on day 3, 4, 5, and 6. Finally we can calculate the day 8 condition from the earlier last 4 day’s patient conditions by using the tree of day-4.
In India, every state uploads the total data related to Covid-19 to their official website. We have considered the data of a particular district west-Bardhhaman for a period of 2 months during the peak time of Covid-19 second wave. It is found that the increase of new patient with days follows a quadratic curve. Thus, we have proposed polynomial regression method of degree 2, for predicting the number of patients in future. Though the cubic curve fits the given data better than the quadratic curve but to avoid over-fitting, we have taken quadratic one. As new data stored in the table, the quadratic curve is modified using regression method. Prediction of number of patients in future days is also used for calculation of oxygen requirement and hospital bed requirement in future.
Let the polynomial representing the number of patients on ith day is
Ni = a × i + b × i2 + c
from the regression analysis of past recorded data we can find the parameter a, b and c and predict the number of patient in future days as shown in Fig. 6. The value of a, b and c are found as 69.59, -1.26 and -220.29 respectively.
This data is very much important because continuous supply of oxygen can be ensured if the requirement is known in advance. We have considered that a patient when goes to condition C or D needs oxygen. As discussed earlier, we can predict the number of patients whose status will be C or D in the coming days. On the other hand, in a particular physical area(District or City), we can get the number of the new Covid-19 cases on day basis from their official bulletin. From this data we can also predict the number of new patients in the coming days (just discussed in 2). Thus, we can calculate the number of oxygen requirement for the patients in coming four days from the above predicted information. The detailed procedure is given next. The Number of new patients with days is shown in Fig 6.
During the peak duration of Covid-19, let a particular day is denoted by Di. Let the number of active patients on day Di is Ni. From the above regression equation we can predict the number of new patient on day Di+1, Di+2 , Di+3, and Di+4 are , and respectively. Thus, the number of patients on day Di+1 will be:
All new patient is put in day-1 in the table 1. Out of new patient on day Di+1, how many will be in condition C or D, that can be found by using the method discussed in 1. Similarly, we can calculate the number of patients from day Di who will be in condition C or D on day Di+1.
Let :-
: Number of new patients on day Di+1 in condition “C”
: Number of new patients on day Di+1 in condition “D”
: Number of old patients on day Di+1 in condition “C”
: Number of old patient on day Di+1 in condition “D” Thus total number of patient who are in condition , where
and total number of patients who are in condition , where
In the same manner we can calculate , and . Thus, total no of patients who needs oxygen in coming 4 days is
If the number are known in advance, then the hospital authority can make arrangement for those patients accordingly. Using the same method used for calculating oxygen requirement, we can predict the number of patients is needed for hospitalization on the coming three days. Here we can predict the number by considering those patients whose condition is D only. Thus from item 3, we can find the total no of patients who needs hospitalization in coming 4 days, which is -
The inventors have taken some random data considering virtual patients and implement our proposed IoT model on them. We have developed a mobile application for direct communication with the patient and OHT devices. We have also developed a portal which take data from the cloud and analyse several parameters which helps the authorities to make important decisions. Snapshot of the mobile application and the portal pages are shown in this section.
For implementation of the states denoted by the tree (Fig. 4) , we have used integers to represent the states. We have assigned state A as 1, B as 2, C as 3 and D as 4. Similarly, the states in level 2 of the tree is denoted by 11 for AA, 23 for BC and so on. The states in level 3 are denoted by 111 for AAA, 134 for ACD etc. and finally in level 4 the states are denoted by 1323 for ACBC, 4332 for DCCB etc. Each tree of a particular day has 256 state nodes, which has integer
Table 2 Day-n state table
State No of state
1 200
2 150
3 60
4 40
11 80
12 50
.. ..
31 30
32 20
.. ..
231 2
232 4
.. ..
2341 0
2342 1
2343 7
.. ..
.. ..
representation within the range 1 to 4444 (discontinuous). The tree in Fig. 4, also shows the integer representation of state of each node (shown in red color in Fig. 4). Integer representation of the node state of the tree is shown as state table of a day day-n in table 2. The table also shows the occurrences of the states. As the patient goes through different states in different days, the cost of each edge as well as the occurrences of table are modified. As an example, we have demonstrated it with the help of the figure 7. The figure assumes a patient’s states in different days from day-1 to day-10. When the patient goes to state B on day-6, the occurrence of state 2 of day-6 table is increased by one. Parallelly, the occurrences of state 32(CB) of day-5 table, state 332(CCB) of day-4 table and state 2332(BCCB) of day-3 table, all are increased by one. These integer values are used to find all the parameters discussed above like probability of a state (P(x)), likelihood of a patient’s state at day m(L) etc.
In an example where a patient is in day-6 and we want to predict the condition at day-9. As a patient in day-6, thus the states of that patient on all the days up-to day-6 are known. Let us consider the last three days: day-4, day-5 and day-6 and the conditions of the patient are B, C and C respectively. Thus, the integer value of the node in day-4 is 233. So, the next node in day-4 tree may be either 2331 or 2332 or 2333 or 2334, based on the condition on day-7 is A or B or C or D. Lets the number of states of 2332 in the table of day-4 is maximum among all four, then from the equation 2, the day-7 condition will be B. Now the last three day’s condition of the patient is 332. In the similar manner we can predict the condition on day-8 considering the tree and integer table of day-5. And finally, we can predict the condition of day-9 with the use of the tree and integer table of day-6.
Implementation of Covid Tracker Portal
Figure 8, shows the screenshot of our developed Covid-19 monitoring portal. The portal is used to monitor the patients. Zonal authorities who have the responsibility of an area, can monitor and provide emergency help to the Covid-19 patients through this portal.
Implementation OHT Mobile Application
In this app, the covid-19 patient register his/her OHT device along with the details of own-self. What are the data are needed to be put in the registration form, is shown in figure 9. The patient also has to select his/her OHT device (Bluetooth id) for registration. All the patients in a house have to register individually with the app. We have also shown the screenshot of the data uploading page of the app in Fig. 10. Here the data related to blood sugar and pressure are to be put manually but the other parameters are taken automatically from the OHT device. In screenshot, presented by the Fig. 11 shows the details of the patients. Based on the status of the patient, four different prescriptions are uploaded to the cloud. The patient can download and view the prescription by clicking the button “Prescription”, which is generated based on the patient’s status. Though in emergency, patient can call the Zonal office by pressing the “Emergency” button for consultation with doctors.
Technical Advancement:
The present invention is an IoT based intelligent system, which properly measure the body parameters of the covid patients and track the patients with time remotely so that emergency services are provided to the critical patients. With the advancement of sensor technology, Bluetooth communication, and microcontroller technology it is possible to measure the body parameters of the patients accurately and send the data to the portal in real-time which indicates the current scenario of all patients and allow to take required decisions.
Economic Significance
The invented IoT based system not only used in Covid but it can also be used for other infectious diseases. It can also be used for monitoring all types of patients particularly the aged persons and the patients stay alone at home. As the sensor are very inexpensive it can be manufactured in large scale with a very little cost. It is a very useful product and large number of people can purchase the product with a cheap rate. Current process of facilitating the medical facility to the patients in hospitals are costly as it requires a large infrastructure and investments, transportation charges and another prime factor is the lack of space in existing hospitals at the time of pandemic.
Industrial utility
India's healthcare industry has grown significantly in both employment and income. Hospitals, medical devices, and medical equipment all fall under the category of healthcare. Due to improved services, coverage, and rising spending by both public and private entities, the Indian healthcare industry is expanding quickly. The invented IoT based system can be seamlessly implemented in hospitals for remotely monitoring their patients and providing emergency services to them. It can also be used by any individual for monitoring.
Inventive step:
a. OHT device cost is low.
b. Monitoring the covid patient very efficiently and remotely.
c. Intelligent prediction of total number of covid patients and emergency patients in coming days. d. Emergences resources can be made available in advance.
Although the foregoing description of the present invention has been shown and described with reference to particular embodiments and applications thereof, it has been presented for purposes of illustration by way of examples and description and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the particular embodiments and applications disclosed. The particular embodiments and applications were chosen and described to provide the best illustration of the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
References
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, Claims:WE CLAIM:
1. Method of operating an IoT based automated real time body parameter monitoring system for patients comprising the steps of:
providing a patient wear with Oxygen-Heart Rate-Temperature (OHT) device on arm;
connecting the said OHT device with the OHT mobile Application through Bluetooth;
registering the said OHT device and patient with the OHT mobile application and saving all the data locally on mobile as well as in a cloud database server;
updating OHT mobile application automatically which is configured to read the body parameter variables from the smartphone application through the OHT device and sends the information to a server.
examining the stored data for cross over threshold variables for the purpose of assessing patient condition; and
sending an emergency signal on every condition of cross over threshold variables vide the said application.
2. The method of operating an IoT based automated real time monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said OHT device is configured to measure different body parameters like SpO2 level, heart rate, body temperature and send the data to cloud database through a mobile application.
3. The method of operating an IoT based automated real time monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein threshold variable indicate the emergency condition of the patient.
4. The method of operating an IoT based automated real time monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said mobile application is configured to record blood pressure and blood sugar readings twice every day.
5. The method of operating an IoT based automated real time monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said mobile application is configured for sending an emergency signal to the server and to simultaneously read the said parameters from OHT device.
6. An IoT based automated real time body parameter monitoring system for patients comprising of:
a plurality of sensors forming a wearable OHT device configured for real time measurement of body parameters of patient;
a microprocessor board, and a Bluetooth module for wireless transmission and reception of data from said OHT device through mobile application to a cloud database server ;
wherein the said server and the mobile application are configured to -
register said OHT device and patient with the OHT mobile application and saving all the data locally on mobile as well as in a cloud database server;
update said OHT mobile application automatically which is configured to read the body parameter variables from the smartphone application through the OHT device and sends the information to a server.
examine the stored data for cross over threshold variables for the purpose of assessing patient condition; and
send an emergency signal on every condition of cross over threshold variables vide the said application.
7. An IoT based automated real time body parameter monitoring system for patients as claimed in claim 6, wherein said OHT device is configured to measure different body parameters like SpO2 level, heart rate, body temperature and send the data to cloud database through a mobile application.
8. An IoT based automated real time body parameter monitoring system for patients as claimed in claim 6, wherein said threshold variable indicate the emergency condition of the patient.
9. An IoT based automated real time body parameter monitoring system for patients as claimed in claim 6, wherein the said mobile application is configured for sending an emergency signal to the server and to simultaneously read the said parameters from OHT device.
10. An IoT based automated real time body parameter monitoring system for patients as claimed in claim 6, wherein said mobile application is configured to record blood pressure and blood sugar readings twice every day.