FORM 2
THE
PATENTS
ACT 1970(39
of 1970)
&
THE PATENTS
RULES, 2003
COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION
(See section 10
and rule 13)
1. TITLE OF THE INVENTION
IOT BASED ENERGY EFFICIENT AUTOMATIC SHREDDER
MACHINE
2. APPLICANT
(i) NAME : Dr. Gulbakshee J. Dharmale
(ii) NATIONALITY : IN
(iii) ADDRESS : C1-103,Shivnandan Society, Pimpri Waghere Colony 4,
Pimpri Waghere , Pune - 411017
(i) NAME : Mr. Umesh S. Kanthale
(ii) NATIONALITY : IN
(iii) ADDRESS : C1-103,Shivnandan Society, Pimpri Waghere Colony 4,
Pimpri Waghere, Pune - 411017
COMPLETE
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which
it is to be performed.
2
4. DESCRIPTION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to Internet of Things (IoT) based energy efficient
automatic shredder. In particular, the present invention discloses an automated energy
efficient shredder using combination of electronics (IoT sensors, microcontrollers, ICs,5
etc.) and mechanical components.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In today's world, the generation of non-disposable waste like plastic is increasing
drastically daily, posing a severe environmental threat. To address this, an eco-friendly
environment needs to be created by recycling such waste like plastic, paper etc as much as10
possible. Highly operated devices exist to address this problem, but they are prohibitively
energy inefficient. As a result, the primary goal of our invention is to provide energy
efficient IOT based shredding machine. IoT based shredding machine is a machine that
crush plastic, paper etc. into little pieces to make garbage disposal easier.
This model is being developed for recycling waste generated in society as well15
as in industry. It aims to provide an ease to scrap collectors. This machine is also a solution
to the space problem. As non-disposable material like plastic, boxes have a greater volume
than their weight, they occupy more space than other scrape, thus the scrap collector avoids
removing them. If this material is crushed or cut, it is easier and more cost-effective for
scrap collectors to carry, and the cut material can be used immediately for further20
processing. As a result, due to compact size and easy to mount property of shredder it also
increases storage capacity of garbage truck and reduce the task of waste segregation at
dumping station. In comparison with existing model, our invention is simple, efficient,
time-saving, and cost-effective. User-friendliness in operation and, above all, safety is
prioritized in the said invention.25
Operation of IoT based shredder is totally automatic by combining electronics (sensors,
PLC, microcontrollers, ICs, etc.) with mechanical components. To save electricity or for
power consumption, shredder starts automatically once hopper is filled with set capacity
level say L2(for eq; 80%) with bottles/plastic items etc. At the other end after set capacity
level L4 (for eq. 80%)of collector indicating the level of collected crushed material in30
collector, notification is sent to user (operator) to empty the collector tank and gives
3
command to machine through control panel to gets automatically switched off. In the said
invention, electronics (PLC, sensors, microcontrollers, ICs, etc.) with mechanical
components are combined to provide automation. It avoids the need to keep the shredder
continuously ON and operating. IoT is used to make shredder energy efficient where
shredder gets operated only when sufficient amount of shredding material gets collected in5
the shredder. Even the Control panel gets notification on collecting sufficient amount of
crushed material in Collector so that the collector can be vacated. Until both the condition
of sufficiency of shredding material to get crushed and collector is empty met, the shredder
remains in OFF position which in turns saves electricity. The use of IoT sensors makes it
cost-effective. A GSM card notification system is used to send SMS to the operator to10
empty the collector tank. Use of IoT sensors and SMS notification system makes the said
invention fully automatic with less human intervention.
Literature related to the invention is stated below:
AU2020103095 A4 discloses AMTH- Biomedical Waste Management: An IoT- Based15
System for Biomedical Waste Management Including Ayurveda Hospitals where the
invention provides a method for implementing and using medical waste management
system comprising the step of providing a control subsystem adapted to manage assets,
warehouse assets, distribute asset, and collect and dispose of used assets, locally or
collectively. One of the objectives of the invention is to have an electronic scale for20
determining the weight of the waste loaded into the receiver compartment, a metal detector,
any other material not related to medical or a sensor for determining if the decontaminating
disinfectant is a recommended or authorized disinfectant. However, the invention does not
disclose method of automatically turning ON and OFF the machine based on capacity of
hopper and collector.25
ES2747395A1 discloses Intelligent waste storage device The present invention falls within
the sector of storage devices. The scope of the object of the present invention is to identify
and process waste using a control system that evaluates waste according to the information
provided by a detection and measurement system.
ES2362071 shows a machine for collecting and reducing packaging. Said machine30
comprises a rotary drum type transport system that may include a device for identifying the
waste as well as measuring its weight. A control device thus evaluates whether the waste
can be crushed, in which case it is transported to a punching station to empty it and then to
the crushing station. If the waste is considered unfit to be crushed, it is transported by the
4
transport system directly to a storage tank. This invention patent ES2362071, which
represents the state of the art closest to the present invention, shows a container crushing
device but in no case does it mention about automatic turning ON and OFF of the shredding
machine as per density of shredding material in upper hopper or capacity of collector
having shredded material.5
There are certain articles published in literature which have shredding machine are
discussed below:
Yeshwant M. Sonkhaskar, Anurag Sahu, Amit Choubey, et.al. (2014) Designed and
developed a mini portable plastic bottle crusher that can be deployed anywhere and
helps to crush used bottles. It is Portable and Compact in size. But this crusher did not10
discuss about automation, energy efficiency and compactness.
Sudhakara Reddy and Thunga Raju (2018) studied and fabricated a cost-effective
plastic shredder machine, the use of power supply, and a single shaft mechanism that
can be useful for Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises in 2018 wherein the main
purpose of our invention is to develop IOT based automatic shredder machine which15
can be useful for micro, small, medium, and large-scale industry by varying sizes.
ND Jadhav, Akshay Patil, Harad Lokhande and Deepak Turambe (2018) designed and
assembled a plastic cutting machine that is motor operated so it is affordable to the
customer in 2018 whereas our shredding machine uses photoelectric true beam sensors
to make the system energy efficient by sensing level auto start-stop machine and hence20
cost-effective.
Nikitha Sri N, Supriya K, Tamanjeet Singh, Ravi Kiran T, et.al (2020) designed and
manufactured portable Automatic Plastic Shredder. Arduino UNO circuit is attached
at the opening for easy detection of plastic. Once the sensor detects the plastic, the
shredder is switched ON. Wherein, our invention makes efficient use of electricity25
and hence helps in saving power.
CITATION LIST
[1] Yeshwant M. Sonkhaskar, Anurag Sahu, Amit Choubey, et.al., “Design and
Development of a Plastic Bottle Crusher”, International Journal of Engineering30
Research & Technology (IJERT) IJERT ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 3 Issue 10, October-
2014
5
[2] Sudhakara Reddy and Thunga Raju 2018 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 455
012119
[3] ND Jadhav, Akshay Patil, Harad Lokhande and Deepak Turambe, “Development of
Plastic Bottle Shredding Machine”, International Journal of Waste Resources, 2018, 8:2
DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.10003365
[4] Nikitha Sri N, Supriya K, Tamanjeet Singh, Ravi Kiran T, et.al (2020), “Design and
manufacture of Portable Automatic Plastic Shredder”, International Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 07 Issue: 05 | May 2020
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
IoT based automatic plastic shredder machine aims to help to keep the cities clean10
by waste segregation. This system monitors the upper hopper and bottom collector of
plastic shredder machine and informs about the level of collected shredding material and
shredded material in the upper hopper and bottom collector respectively via buzzer and
SMS. For this the system uses IoT sensors placed over the hopper and collector to detect
the collected plastic and crush plastic level and compare it with the depth of hopper and15
collector. The system makes use of AVR family microcontroller, GSM modem for sending
notification and buzzer.
The system puts on the buzzer and sends SMS to the concern person when the
level of collected plastic and crushed plastic reaches the set maximum limit (eq. 80 % or
as desire). This plastic shredder machine will automatically start when collected plastic in20
upper hopper reaches to set limit. This helps to save power as it automatically gets started
after set limit and hence reduce the requirement of manpower. This IoT based automatic
plastic shredder machine is handy and easy to use in public places like societies, hotels, bus
stop, and airport etc. Buzzer and SMS notification system at collector works when crushed
plastic level reaches to set limit. It helps to avoid overflow of crushed material.25
Due to minimum power consumption for operation, compact size and low cost of
this machine, it can be easily mount on any garbage truck hence helps in waste segregation.
Object:
An object of the present invention is to,
1. Assemble IoT based automatic plastic shredder in compact size by applying30
plurality of IoT devices at upper hopper and bottom collector of shredder
6
2. Make shredder energy efficient by making shredder automatic On and OFF
based on set maximum limit of shredding material.
3. Auto notifications to controller for emptying the collector on filling of collector
with shredded material to the set maximum limit to avoid overflow.
4. Avail the automatic compact shredder at local recycle stations, Garbage truck,5
public places like hotels, railway station, bus stop, hospitals etc.
To further clarify advantages and features of the present invention, a more particular
description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof,
which is illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict10
only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting
of its scope. The invention is described and explained with additional specificity and detail
with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES15
These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become
better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the
drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 illustrates the architecture of IoT based automatic and energy-efficient shredder20
machine with a SMS notification system. Wherein 101 is Upper Hopper, 102 is Shredder,
103 is Photoelectric sensor1 showing level L1, 104 is Photoelectric sensor2 showing level
L2, 105 is Photoelectric sensor3 showing Level L3, 106 is Photoelectric sensor4 showing
level is L4, 107 is PLC Unit, 108 is Control Panel with Electric supply 220V, 109 is Single
Phase Motor, 110 is Collection Tank, 111 is GSM Card Notification Unit and 112 is25
Switchboard for Manual operation.
Figure 2 depicts design of IoT based automatic and energy-efficient shredder machine with
SMS notification. 201 is Upper Hopper, 202 is shredder, 203 is Photoelectric sensor1, 204
is Photoelectric sensor2, 205 is Photoelectric sensor3, 206 is Photoelectric sensor4, 207 is
PLC Unit, 208 is Control Panel with Electric supply 220V, 209 is Single Phase Motor, 21030
is Collection Tank, 211 is GSM Card Notification Unit and 212 is Design of gearbox and
motor.
7
Figure 3 illustrates Working flow of IoT based automatic and energy-efficient shredder
machine with a SMS notification system. 301 represents step of Adding plastic material in
Upper Hopper/ Filler, 302 depicts process of checking of Upper hopper level reaches L2
i.e 80% ,303 send- off command to motor through PLC to stop and waits to reach the set
limit, once the level reaches to L2 304 takes place i.e shredder starts automatically and send5
a notification, 305 shows Crushed plastic collected step, 306 shows Collector level reaches
L4 i.e 80% and sends a SMS notification to empty the collector, 307 sends OFF command
to motor through PLC to stop operation.
Further, skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the drawings are illustrated for
simplicity and may not have necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the flow charts10
illustrate the method in terms of the most prominent steps involved to help to improve
understanding of aspects of the present invention. Furthermore, in terms of the construction
of the device, one or more components of the device may have been represented in the
drawings by conventional symbols, and the drawings may show only those specific details
that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present invention so as not to15
obscure the drawings with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in
the art having benefit of the description herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference20
will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the drawings and specific language will
be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the
scope of the invention is thereby intended, such alterations and further modifications in the
illustrated system, and such further applications of the principles of the invention as
illustrated therein being contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to25
which the invention relates.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing general description and
the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory of the invention and are
not intended to be restrictive thereof.
Reference throughout this specification to “an aspect”, “another aspect” or similar language30
means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the
embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus,
appearances of the phrase “in an embodiment”, “in another embodiment” and similar
8
language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same
embodiment.
The terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover
a non- exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method that comprises a list of steps does
not include only those steps but may include other steps not expressly listed or inherent to5
such process or method. Similarly, one or more devices or sub-systems or elements or
structures or components proceeded by "comprises...a" does not, without moreconstraints,
preclude the existence of other devices or other sub- systems or other elementsor other
structures or other components or additional devices or additional sub- systems or
additional elements or additional structures or additional components.10
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same
meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention
belongs. The system, methods, and examples provided herein are illustrative only and not
intended to be limiting.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to15
the accompanying drawings.
IoT based automatic plastic shredder machine aims to help to keep the cities clean by waste
segregation. This system monitors the upper hopper and bottom collector of shredder
machine and informs about the level of collected shredding material and shredded material
in the upper hopper and bottom collector respectively via buzzer and SMS. Figure 120
illustrates the architecture of IoT based automatic and energy-efficient shredder machine
with an SMS notification system. The first part of this figure is hopper 101 which is used
to load all types of paper, plastic and transparent material by the user. The height of the
hopper is 2.5 feet. The height can be designed as per the user requirement though. Two
photoelectric/true beam sensors are deployed on the hopper at Photoelectric Sensor1 10325
at level L1: 10% level and Photoelectric Sensor2 104 at level L2: level 80%. These two
levels can be set as per requirement of user to maximum L2 and minimum level L1 as per
hopper capacity. If no material is sensed by Sensor1 it sends OFF command to motor
through logic processing unit like PLC 107 (Programmable Logic Controller). When
Sensor2 104 senses material at L2 80% or any set appropriate maximum level then it sends30
ON command to start motor through PLC 107. 102: Shredder is mounted in between hopper
and collector tank. After receiving the command from sensor2 shredder starts and crushes
material and crushed material gets collected into 110: collector tank. The height of the
collector tank is 1.5 to 3 feet (size may vary depending on requirement). Two photoelectric
11
CLAIMS
We claim:
1. IoT based energy efficient automatic shredder machine, the said device comprising:
Upper Hopper (101), Shredder (102), Photoelectric sensor1 (103) showing level5
L1, Photoelectric sensor2 (104) showing level L2, Photoelectric sensor3 (105)
showing Level L3, Photoelectric sensor4 (106) showing level L4, Programmable
logical processing unit (PLC) (107); Control Panel with Electric supply (108),
Single Phase Motor (109), Collector Tank (110), GSM Card Notification Unit
(111), Switchboard for Manual operation (112).10
2. The device claimed in Claim 1 with the hopper (101) which is used to load all types
of non-metallic and transparent material by the user and placed above the collector
tank (110); the height of the hopper (101) is 2.5 feet however the height of the hopper
(101) can be designed as per the user requirement; Two photoelectric/true beam
sensors deployed on the hopper as Photoelectric Sensor1(103) at level L1 for eq.15
10% level of hopper (101) capacity and (104) Photoelectric Sensor2 at level L2 for
eq. 80% level of hopper (101) capacity; wherein these two levels can be set as per
requirement of user to maximum L2 and minimum level L1 as per hopper (101)
capacity.
3. The device claimed in Claim 1 with the collector tank (110) which is used to collect20
the shredded material placed below the shredding machine (102) to collect shredded
material; wherein the height of the said collector tank (110) is 1.5 to 3 feet; however
the height of the collector tank (110) can be designed as per the user requirement;
two photoelectric/true beam sensors deployed on the collector tank as Photoelectric
Sensor3 (105) at level L3 for eq. 10% level of collector tank (110) capacity and25
Photoelectric Sensor4 (106) at level L4 for eq. 80% level of collector tank (110)
capacity; wherein these two levels can be set as per requirement of user to maximum
L4 and minimum level L3 as per collector tank (110) capacity.
4. The device claimed in Claim 1 with the shredding device (102) mounted in hopper
(101) and above the collector tank (110) gets operated when hopper (101) is filled30
with shredding material at set maximum level L2 sensed by Photoelectric Sensor2
(104) and Collector tank is empty at least at the set minimum level L3 sensed by
Photoelectric sensor3 (105); wherein the shredded material from shredder (102) gets
collected in collector tank (110).
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5. The device claimed in Claim 1 comprising the shredding device (102) mounted in
between hopper and collector tank remains OFF (does not operate) if hopper (101)
does not have sufficient shredding material i.e. not up to maximum level L2 sensed
by Photoelectric Sensor2 (104) or Collector tank is not empty up to set minimum
level sensed by Photoelectric Sensor 3 (105).5
6. The said operation of Shredder (102) through single phase motor (109) with control
panel (108) as claimed in claim 4 and claim 5 is controlled by Programmable Logic
Processing unit (PLC); wherein four inputs from Photoelectric Sensors namely
Photoelectric sensor1 (103), Photoelectric sensor2 (104), Photoelectric sensor3
(105), Photoelectric sensor4 (106) are given to PLC (107) and two output goes from10
PLC (107) to the GSM card notification system (111) and the other to the control
panel (108) of single phase motor(109) to start and stop shredder/gearbox (102);
Switchboard (112) is used to operate shredder manually in case of sensor failure;
wherein PLC puts OFF the shredder if hopper (101) is not filled with shredding
material at set maximum level L2 and Collector tank (110) is not empty up to at least15
set minimum level L3; wherein PLC sends the command to GSM card notification
system (111) to send message (eq. SMS) to operator to empty the collector tank if
the collector tank (110) is filled with shredded material at level L4 sensed by
photoelectric Sensor4 (106) and send command to control panel (108) to turn OFF
the power supply of single phase motor (109) to stop the shredder.20
7. The device claimed in claim 1 with PLC (107) turns ON the shredder by sending
command to control panel (108) by turning OFF the power supply of single phase
motor (109) if the hopper (101) is filled with set maximum capacity level L2 of
hopper (101) sensed by Photoelectric Sensor2 (104) and collector tank (110) is
empty to the set minimum level L3 sensed by Photoelectric Sensor3 (105).25