Abstract: Our Invention is smart garbage monitoring system using LoRa Technology and sensors which will help solve waste management efficiently. As you know that the overflow of garbage in public areas generate unhealthy condition, and it generates numerous diseases to the society. With the increasing population and industrialization of nations throughout the globe, waste has become a great concern for all of us. Over years, researchers figured that only waste management is not enough for its proper treatment and disposal techniques to preserve our environment and keeping it clean in this era of globalization. With the help of technology researchers have, introduced IoT based Smart Waste Management solutions and initiatives that ensures reduced amount of time and energy required to provide waste management services and reduce the amount of waste generated. Unfortunately, developing countries are not being able to implement those existing solutions due to many factors like socio-economic environment. The results obtained in this research shows that a smart trash management system can be successfully managed and a normal trash cans can be turned into smart trash cans with minimum cost. In this research, therefore, we have concentrated on developing a smart IoT based waste management system which ensures proper disposal, collection, transportation, and recycling of household waste with the minimum amounts of resources being available.
Claims:1. Our Invention is smart garbage monitoring system using LoRa Technology and sensors which will help solve waste management efficiently. As you know that the overflow of garbage in public areas generate unhealthy condition, and it generates numerous diseases to the society. With the increasing population and industrialization of nations throughout the globe, waste has become a great concern for all of us. Over years, researchers figured that only waste management is not enough for its proper treatment and disposal techniques to preserve our environment and keeping it clean in this era of globalization. With the help of technology researchers have, introduced IoT based Smart Waste Management solutions and initiatives that ensures reduced amount of time and energy required to provide waste management services and reduce the amount of waste generated. Unfortunately, developing countries are not being able to implement those existing solutions due to many factors like socio-economic environment. The results obtained in this research shows that a smart trash management system can be successfully managed and a normal trash cans can be turned into smart trash cans with minimum cost. In this research, therefore, we have concentrated on developing a smart IoT based waste management system which ensures proper disposal, collection, transportation, and recycling of household waste with the minimum amounts of resources being available.
2. According to claims mentioned in 1# the invention will stop overflowing of dustbins along roadsides and localities as smart bins are managed in real-time.
3. According to claims mentioned in 1# the invention will reduce the filling and cleaning time of the smart bin thus making empty and clean dustbins available to common people.
4. According to claims mentioned in 1# the invention will smartly find the shortest route and send optimized routes directly to drivers.
5. According to claims mentioned in 1# the invention will reduce the number of vehicles used for garbage collection and thus reduce fuel consumption.
6. According to claims mentioned in 1# the invention can save a large amount of money as well.
7. According to claims mentioned in 1# the invention aims at creating a clean as well as the green environment.
, Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[1] The field of this invention relates to Internet of Things (IoT) based application for proper disposal, collection, transportation, and recycling of household waste with the minimum amounts of resources being available.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[2] Waste management is one of the core concerns of the modern age. As nations around the world are developing, their concerns and accountability for a healthier and sustainable environment are also increasing. While developed countries are inventing and implementing smart technological solutions for waste management and bringing about the hugely positive effect, solid waste management seems to be a play out of the league for the underdeveloped or developing countries. While developed countries can manage and treat these waste materials of different categories, developing countries like India are still struggling with the collections and proper disposal of common household waste materials.
[3] With the rise of population density, urbanization is assuming extreme proportions and presents an incredible urban problem associated with waste generation. The increase of garbage generation has been considered a serious challenge to large urban cities worldwide and represents a critical issue for countries with an accelerated increase in cities.
[4] We see repeatedly in our city trash cans or garbage cans placed in public places are always overloaded. This leads to the unhealthiest environment for people also to leave the place dirty. Because of the trash containers being overfull and refuse spills out. This prompts the number of maladies as a huge number of creepy crawlies and flies to breed thereon and leads to bad odour within the surrounding.
[5] Disorganized management and dumping of waste is a noticeable cause for ruining the environment in the major cities of the developing countries. Implementing existing smart solutions for waste management systems in developing countries like India is a far greater challenge due to many different factors e.g.: socio-economic environment, and unplanned infrastructural issues.
[6] Despite significant socioeconomic development garbage management systems in India have changed very less. There is an urgent need to move to more smart solid waste management which in turn requires new management systems and waste management facilities. Current garbage management systems are not efficient with energy, time and money. They are also affecting public health and the environment.
[7] Additionally, waste is carried and thrown improperly leading to an unhealthy and inhabitable environment that costs the government an insane amount of money with not at all positive impact. Therefore, wastes and garbage need to be packed, dumped, collected, transported, manipulated, and recycled properly in such ways that garbage becomes a precious wealth of the country.
[8] To address the restrictions of conventional garbage storage and collection system we can replace the trash bins with smart bins and connecting them to a cloud server. The concerned person can utilize this information for the gathering of garbage from different parts of the town. It can help to scale back the gathering time with reduced costs.
[9] The increasing applications of IoT along with smart devices and sensors and machine-to-machine connectivity has the potential to reduce unnecessary cost because of operational inefficiencies in the solid waste collection and management system. In this research, we proposed to design and implement an effective IoT based garbage collection system.
PRIOR ART STATEMENT
CN104944029A
[10] The invention discloses a trash can robot system and a control method thereof. The system comprises a robot, a charging base and a remote-control terminal. The robot comprises a barrel body, acting wheels, an intelligent control module, a remote-control signal detecting module and a rechargeable power module. The intelligent control module comprises a master control unit, an action control unit, a navigation control unit and an obstacle avoiding control unit. According to the method, some preset areas are set in a training mode firstly, then, a user can make the robot reach a specific position through the remote-control terminal, voices or a wireless communication terminal, a cover can also be automatically opened, the cover can be automatically closed after trash is collected and the robot can return to the charging base, and charging can be automatically performed.
CN107133698A
[11] The invention discloses a kind of dustbin management system based on IOT platforms, belong to internet of things field, including intelligent garbage bin, IOT platforms, PC ends web-based management system and mobile terminal management software; Control mainboard, intelligent gateway, GPS module, infrared ray sensor and battery are provided with intelligent garbage bin, GPS module by the positional information of intelligent garbage bin to be sent to PC ends, report and alarm system when intelligent garbage bin position is moved; Infrared ray sensor is to detect the height of the rubbish in intelligent garbage bin; GPS module and the data message of infrared ray sensor detection reach control mainboard, and timing transmits data by intelligent gateway. The present invention is by setting intelligent garbage bin, rubbish height in dustbin position, temperature within the barrel and bucket is pushed into management end by IOT platforms, dustbin status monitoring and route planning in region are realized, vehicle fuel and labour cost that unnecessary garbage reclamation is caused is reduced.
CN104648861A
[12] The invention discloses an intelligent trash can. The intelligent trash can comprises a can body, a cover and a bottom plate; a smell sensor is arranged on the inner sidewall of the can body and is connected with a controller through a conductor; an alarm is mounted on the outer sidewall of the can body and connected with the smell sensor through the conductor; a filtering plate for dividing the inner space in the bottom of the can into an upper part and a lower part is mounted on the inner bottom surface of the bottom of the can; a plurality of through holes are formed in the filtering plate. According to the intelligent trash can, the smell sensor is mounted in the can body and can automatically alarm when the smell reaches a certain degree, and a user can be reminded of timely removing the trash can to keep clean.
GB2261096A
[13] A waste bin comprising a base and an inlet hood assembly detects waste articles deposited therein, by means of detector means including a sensor and intermittently issues tickets, tokens or the like to persons depositing articles, which are redeemable for some form of prize, so as to encourage use of the bin. An inlet throat inside the hood is so configured and the sensor so located therein that the sensor cannot be triggered unless an article is released to fall into the base. The bin preferably includes a counter incremented by the detector and adapted to issue tickets in accordance with predetermined rules; eg when a randomly generated number is reached.
US20160176630A1
[14] A container (e.g., a garbage bin or document disposal bin) includes a sensor for sensing a quantity indicative of the amount of items deposited into the container, and a local controller capable of wireless communication with a remote controller for sending the sensed data to the remote controller. The sensor may be mounted on the cover or at the bottom of the container. The sensor placed on the cover may be a range finder that measures the distance between the container and its content. The sensor that is placed at the bottom of the container may be sensitive to the weight of the container and its contents. The sensor may be, for example, a reflective IR range finder, or a pressure sensor, such as a force sensing resistor. In addition, the sensed quantity may be the presence of a gaseous compound, such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and methane.
WO2017175244A1
[15] Disclosed is a smart bin capable of being installed at any location in a city. The system comprises a set of proximity sensors for sensing contents of a bin and activates an identification device to send the data of the user of the bin to a social media platform and to a civic agency for appropriate action. In a preferred embodiment the smart bin is used as a garbage bin wherein the system helps immensely in keeping the city clean by regular updates to the civic authorities for quick action on alerts. The system being connected to social media platform will encourage citizens to be more responsive to maintain a discipline of cleanliness.
OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION
[16] Scopes of Work
The Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing offer an automation possibility through cyber-physical systems that will change the way solid waste management is performed.
It can address the limitations of conventional garbage storage and collection system by replacing the garbage bins with smart bins and connecting them to a cloud server.
The processing entity in the cloud server further runs the shortest path route optimization algorithm and presents the shortest path for every 24 h basis.
The concerned person can utilize this information for the collection of garbage from different parts of the city.
It can help to reduce the collection time with reduced costs.
OBJECTIVES
[17] The objectives of the proposed invention are:
To enhance the practicality of IoT based solid waste collection and management system for a smart city.
To reduce the time and cost of waste collection.
To reduce fuel consumption by sending optimized routes directly to drivers.
To reduce the environmental and health hazard by avoiding the garbage bin overload and spill out.
To segregate the waste into two different categories dry waste and wet waste so that it can be recycled or disposed of sustainably.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[18] Garbage management is a major issue for many cities in across the world where population growth has resulted in increased solid waste generation. Effective garbage management is a big challenge in urban areas having high population density. The overflow of garbage in public areas generate unhygienic condition and it may generate numerous diseases to the nearby population. To avoid these conditions, the garbage bins and solid waste management system should be made smart using the Internet of Things.
[19] The increasing applications of IoT along with smart devices and sensors and machine-to-machine connectivity has the potential to reduce unnecessary cost because of operational inefficiencies in the solid waste collection & management system.
[20] The information gathered from the IoT enabled garbage bin also helps in reducing the number of missed pickups. When an IoT enabled bin is about to overflow, the authorities can be immediately alerted through the sensors and the collection vehicle can be arranged. This makes the waste management process efficient & eliminates the overflow of garbage bins.
[21] Garbage management contractors or municipalities can use an IoT based device to measure the dustbin level. These smart devices can then transmit their real-time garbage bin level information to waste collectors. Using this information, we can choose the optimum routes for waste collectors with areas in urgent need of cleanup on priority while avoiding disposal units that still have room. This results in an efficient garbage collection process, which doesn't consider empty garbage bins, saving time, fuel as well as worker costs.
Problem Statement
[22] With the increase in population density and the rural exodus to cities, urbanization is assuming extreme proportions and presents a tremendous urban problem related to waste generation. The increase of waste generation has been considered a significant challenge to large urban centers worldwide and represents a critical issue for countries with accelerated population growth in cities.
[23] Many a times, in our city, trash cans or garbage cans placed in public places can be seen overloaded. This results in the unhealthiest environment for people as well as leave the place dirty. As the trash containers being overfull and all the refuse spills out. This prompts the number of maladies as a vast number of creepy crawlies and mosquitoes to breed on it and results in bad odor in the surrounding.
[24] Also, to address the limitations of conventional garbage storage and collection system we can replace the trash bins with smart bins and connecting them to a cloud server. The concerned civic person can utilize this information for the gathering of garbage from different parts of the city. It can help to scale back the gathering time with reduced costs.
[25] To identify the better alternate technology for waste management, current technologies, their advantages, challenges, and other technical factors are reviewed. This review shows that the current systems are similar in terms of the IoT technology used and the overall operation of the system. However, some factors like battery life and cost reduction of the IoT device were not considered in many inventions which negatively impacts their performances as well as probable usages. Also, use of LoRa technology in waste management field was not found enough in literature search.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DIAGRAM
[26] List of figures are mentioned are:
FIG NO. 1: ULTRASONIC SENSOR
FIG.NO.2: ARDUINO PRO MINI MICROCONTROLLER
FIG NO. 3: RFM95 LORA MODULE
FIG. NO. 4: ESP8266 NodeMCU
FIG. NO. 5: ILLUSTRATION OF WORKING OF LORA
FIG NO. 6: LORA NODE
FIG NO. 7: LORA GATEWAY
FIG NO. 8: HARDWARE SETUP
FIG NO. 9: PROTOTYPE DEVICE
FIG NO. 10: TRASH LEVEL REPORTING TO THE PC
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[27] Materials: This section lists and describes the materials used to prototype the IoT enabled smart bin.
[28] Ultrasonic Sensor: An ultrasonic sensor is an instrument that measures the distance to an object using ultrasonic sound waves. An ultrasonic sensor uses a transducer to send and receive ultrasonic pulses that relay back information about an object's proximity. High-frequency sound waves reflect from boundaries to produce distinct echo patterns.
Ultrasonic sensors work by sending out a sound wave at a frequency above the range of human hearing. The transducer of the sensor acts as a microphone to receive and send the ultrasonic sensor, use a single transducer to send a pulse, and to receive the echo. The sensor determines the distance to a target by measuring time lapses between the sending and receiving of the ultrasonic pulse.
Ultrasonic Distance Sensor provides very short (2cm) to long-range (4m) detection and ranging. The sensor provides precise and stable non-contact distance measurements from about 2cm to 4 meters with very high accuracy. It can be easily interfaced with any microcontroller.
This ultrasonic sensor module can be used for measuring distance, object sensor, motion sensors, etc. A high-sensitive module can be used with a microcontroller to integrate with motion circuits to make robotic projects and other distance, position and motion sensitive products.
The module sends eight 40Khz square wave pulses and automatically detects whether it receives the returning signal. If there is a signal returning, a high-level pulse is sent on the echo pin. The length of this pulse is the time it took the signal from first triggering to the return echo.
Specification of the sensor used:
Sensor Type: Ultrasonic
Output: Digital Sensor
Voltage: 5VDC
Detection distance: 2cm-400cm (0.02M - 4.0M)
Static current: < 2mA
Level output: high-5V
High precision: up to 0.3cm
[29] Arduino Pro Mini microcontroller: The Arduino Pro Mini is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, an on-board resonator, a reset button, and holes for mounting pin headers. A six-pin header can be connected to an FTDI cable or Sparkfun breakout board to provide USB power and communication to the board.
This board was developed for applications and installations where space is premium, and projects are made as permanent setups. Small, available in 3.3 V and 5 V versions, powered by ATmega328.
The Arduino Pro Mini is intended for semi-permanent installation in objects or exhibitions. The board comes without pre-mounted headers, allowing the use of various types of connectors or direct soldering of wires. The pin layout is compatible with the Arduino Mini. There are two versions of the Pro Mini. One runs at 3.3V and 8 MHz, the other at 5V and 16 MHz. The Arduino Pro Mini was designed and is manufactured by SparkFun Electronics.
Specification of the Arduino Pro Mini microcontroller:
Microcontroller: Atmega328p – 8 BIT AVR controller
Operating Voltage: 5V and 3.3V
Raw Voltage input: 5V to 12V
Maximum current through each I/O pin: 40mA
Maximum total current drawn from chip: 200mA
Flash Memory: 32Kbytes
EEPROM: 1Kbyte
Internal RAM: 2Kbytes
Operating Temperature: 40°C to +105°C
Clock Frequency: 3.3V --- 8Mhz; 5V --- 16Mhz
[30] RFM95 LoRa Module: The RFM95 transceivers feature the LoRa™ long range modem that provides ultra-long range spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumptions.
Using the patented LoRa™ modulation technique RFM95 can achieve a sensitivity of over -148dBm using a low-cost crystal and bill of materials. The high sensitivity combined with the integrated +20 dBm power amplifier yields industry leading link budget making it optimal for any application requiring range or robustness.
LoRa™ also provides significant advantages in both blocking and selectivity over conventional modulation techniques, solving the traditional design compromise between range, interference immunity, and energy consumption. These devices also support high performance (G) FSK modes for systems including WMBus, IEEE802.15.4g. The RFM95 delivers exceptional phase noise, selectivity, receiver linearity, and IIP3 for significantly lower current consumption than competing devices.
Specifications of RFM95 LoRa Module:
LoRa™ Modem.
168 dB maximum link budget.
+20 dBm - 100 mW constant RF output vs. V supply.
+14 dBm high-efficiency PA.
Programmable bit rate up to 300 kbps.
High sensitivity: down to -148 dBm.
Bullet-proof front end: IIP3 = -12.5 dBm.
Excellent blocking immunity.
Low RX current of 10.3 mA, 200 mA register retention.
Fully integrated synthesizer with a resolution of 61 Hz.
FSK, GFSK, MSK, GMSK, LoRa™, and OOK modulation.
Built-in bit synchronizer for clock recovery.
Preamble detection.
127 dB Dynamic Range RSSI.
Automatic RF Sense and CAD with ultra-fast AFC.
Packet engine up to 256 bytes with CRC.
Built-in temperature sensor and low battery indicator.
Module Size:16*16mm
[31] ESP8266 NodeMCU: The NodeMCU ESP8266 development board comes with the ESP-12E module containing ESP8266 chip having Tensilica Xtensa 32-bit LX106 RISC microprocessor. This microprocessor supports RTOS and operates at 80MHz to 160 MHz adjustable clock frequency. NodeMCU has 128 KB RAM and 4MB of Flash memory to store data and programs. Its high processing power with in-built Wi-Fi / Bluetooth and Deep Sleep Operating features make it ideal for IoT projects. NodeMCU can be powered using Micro USB jack and VIN pin (External Supply Pin). It supports UART, SPI, and I2C interface.
Specifications of ESP8266 NodeMCU:
Microcontroller: Tensilica 32-bit RISC CPU Xtensa LX106
Operating Voltage: 3.3V
Input Voltage: 7-12V
Digital I/O Pins (DIO): 16
Analog Input Pins (ADC): 1
UARTs: 1
SPIs: 1
I2Cs: 1
Flash Memory: 4 MB
SRAM: 64 KB
Clock Speed: 80 MHz
USB-TTL based on CP2102 is included onboard, Enabling Plug n Play
PCB Antenna
Small Sized module to fit smartly inside your IoT project
[32] Methods
The IoT is the concept of connecting any device or man-made object to the internet. It provides the ability to transfer data over the internet. The project aims at using the same concept of the IoT and connecting a built device using an open-source computer and software to send data from a traditional trash container to the maintenance facility office. The objective of this project is to create a device that will shoot ultrasonic waves to know the level of the trash in a container.
Data collected from the sensors will be sent over the Internet (through the LoRa) a cloud web platform that will display collected data. The platform will be set up to alert maintenance workers that trash needs to be collected so that they can plan an effective route, emptying the fullest trash bins first. The location coordinates of these trash bins are predefined in the code, instead of using a GPS antenna to get the location.
[33] LORA/LORAWAN TECHNOLOGY:
LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) is a specification for a telecommunication network suitable for long-distance communication with little power. The technology is used for machine-to-machine communication (Internet of Things). The architecture consists of gateways, network servers, and application servers. There are RF chips from Semtech used to transmit a spread spectrum.
LoRaWAN is a low power wide area network (LPWAN) specification intended for wireless battery-operated things in a regional, national, or global network. According to the LoRa Alliance, LoRaWAN targets key requirements of the internet of things (IoT) such as secure bi-directional communication, mobility, and localization services. The LoRaWAN specification provides seamless interoperability among smart Things without the need for complex local installations, enabling the roll-out of IoT applications, according to the association.
In the LoRaWAN network architecture, gateways are connected to the network server via standard IP connections while end-devices use single-hop wireless communication to one or many gateways. All end-point communication is generally bi-directional, but also supports operations such as multicast, enabling software upgrades over the air or other mass distribution messages to reduce the on-air communication time.
“Analysts and telecoms operators believe that low power wide-area networks will make up a major portion of the growth of IoT devices in the coming years,” Hardy Schmidbauer, CEO, and co-founder of TrackNet and member of the LoRa Alliance said during a presentation at the Enterprise IoT Summit, which took place in Austin, Texas, earlier this year.
“The main benefits of LoRa are low range, low power, and low-cost connectivity. Another key feature of LoRa and LoRaWan is security for both devices and networks,” the executive said.
Schmidbauer added that other key features of this technology are coverage, energy efficiency, and location. He added that there have already been 37 nationwide IoT deployments using LoRaWAN. “The initial traction of this technology was in Europe, followed by several deployments by Asian telcos and we are seeing momentum for LoRaWAN in North America,” he added.
The LoRa Alliance highlighted that the LoRaWAN protocol offers several benefits in terms of bi-directionality, security, mobility, and accurate localization that are not addressed by other LPWAN technologies. These benefits will enable the diverse use cases and business models that will grow deployments of LPWAN IoT networks globally, the entity said.
[34] BUILDING A LORA NODE USING ARDUINO PRO MINI AND HOPERF RFM95 LORA TRANSCEIVER MODULE:
There are a variety of sensors which can be used in the system with an ultrasonic sensor which are not very important like temperature sensor, pressure sensor, humidity sensor, etc. which increases the cost, size, power consumption & complexity of the system. Therefore, I made a smart bin that will be fitted with an Ultrasonic sensor to detect the level of garbage collected. The sensor will be connected to an Arduino pro mini microcontroller that will collect the sensor data & send it to a LoRa gateway using RFM95 LoRa transmitter node. I have used the Arduino pro mini as a microcontroller because it has a very less power consumption, very small in size and its cost is also less.
[35] BUILDING A LORA GATEWAY USING ARDUINO PRO MINI AND HOPERF RFM95 LORA TRANSCEIVER MODULE & NODEMCU ESP8266:
A gateway module with an RFM95 LoRa receiver is used to receive the sensor data from several garbage bins. The gateway is made of RFM95 LoRa receiver, Arduino Uno Microcontroller, and ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. The gateway sends the data on the cloud through Wi-Fi. The cloud data is seen through the Website. The design of the system is cost-effective and versatile. During the design phase, the aim was to make the device mount on different trash containers.
[36] PROTOTYPE
The prototype was first assembled and mounted. The final prototype was then tested indoors in a trash container. The prototype worked as intended. The trash level was successfully reported to the PC.
At first, the trash level was not accurately reported. However, it was due to the placement of the device in the trash container, which was solved by offsetting the measurement in the codes. After that, the trash level measurement was accurate. During the testing, it was noted that the angle at which the device is mounted affects the reading. Therefore, the placement of the device is highly significant; if placed at a poor angle it will result in many false readings.
According to the datasheet of the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, the best reading angle is 30°. Solutions to reduce the number of errors and false reads include creating a shield around the sensor and reducing the frequency at which pulses are sent.
During the test of the prototype, it was discovered that the Arduino Uno had a higher current consumption –alternative with lower current consumption will be to use an Arduino pro mini to optimize battery life.
When all the components (HC-SR04, Arduino pro mini, and RFM95 LoRa module) are active, the system consumed an approximate total of 75mA. During the testing period, a fully charged 6000mAh battery will be able to last 80hrs. The battery was prolonged by making some adjustments in the code to send the microcontroller board in Deep-sleep mode. A Deep-sleep mode is when the board disables all the modules on the board except the processor needed to operate the system. During the Deep-sleep mode, required processors can wake up to perform the necessary task and go back to Deep-sleep mode. The Arduino pro mini offers a great Deep-sleep mode. According to the manufacturer datasheet, the board will consume as low as 0.054 mA when in the idle period. After enabling the Deep-sleep mode, the microcontroller was not able to attain the 0.054mA stated by the manufacturer. But the consumption of the microcontroller drastically decreased from 40mA to 0.054 mA, which is a significant improvement. With further research, the reason for not attaining the Deep-mode metric of the manufacturer was due to the usage of the first release board. Thus, the design of the board was not optimized for power consumption. The following board that was released had some updates and successfully enabled users to reach the manufacturer metrics.
Table shows a breakdown of the power consumption of the different components in the system. The above table was generated by setting the system to continuously read the trash level until the battery got low. When the system was running with all the components, it drew a total of ~ 75 mA, which took up to 80 hours to discharge a fully charged battery. The power-saving mode was achieved by enabling the microcontroller in ULP mode with a line of code in the software. These tests were done with continuous readings, making the system run without a break. In a real-life scenario, the system will be set to run at an interval of time, enabling the battery to run longer before recharging.
[37] TABLE NO: SYSTEM POWER CONSUMPTION
Components Normal Mode (mA) Deep Sleep Mode (mA)
Arduino pro mini (3.3 V) 40 0.054
HC-SR 04 Sensor 15 5.000
RFM95 LoRa module 20 0.500
Total 75 5.554
System running time (with a 6000 mAh battery) 80 hours 1080 hours
In terms of cost, most components used for this project were at a reasonable price. Table shows the total cost of the system without labor hours. Overall, the device will cost approximately Rs. 1,110. The cost of the device can be further decreased when mass-produced.
[38] TABLE NO: COMPONENTS PRICES LIST
Sr. No Components Cost (INR)
1 Ultrasonic Sensor 130
2 Arduino Pro Mini 260
3 RFM95 320
4 LiPo Battery (3000 mAh) 400
Total 1110
| # | Name | Date |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 202121029910-ABSTRACT [11-03-2024(online)].pdf | 2024-03-11 |
| 1 | 202121029910-SEQUENCE LISTING(PDF) [03-07-2021(online)].pdf | 2021-07-03 |
| 2 | 202121029910-CLAIMS [11-03-2024(online)].pdf | 2024-03-11 |
| 2 | 202121029910-SEQUENCE LISTING [03-07-2021(online)].txt | 2021-07-03 |
| 3 | 202121029910-REQUEST FOR EARLY PUBLICATION(FORM-9) [03-07-2021(online)].pdf | 2021-07-03 |
| 3 | 202121029910-CORRESPONDENCE [11-03-2024(online)].pdf | 2024-03-11 |
| 4 | 202121029910-FORM-9 [03-07-2021(online)].pdf | 2021-07-03 |
| 4 | 202121029910-DRAWING [11-03-2024(online)].pdf | 2024-03-11 |
| 5 | 202121029910-FORM 1 [03-07-2021(online)].pdf | 2021-07-03 |
| 5 | 202121029910-FER_SER_REPLY [11-03-2024(online)].pdf | 2024-03-11 |
| 6 | 202121029910-OTHERS [11-03-2024(online)].pdf | 2024-03-11 |
| 6 | 202121029910-FIGURE OF ABSTRACT [03-07-2021(online)].jpg | 2021-07-03 |
| 7 | 202121029910-FER.pdf | 2023-09-11 |
| 7 | 202121029910-DRAWINGS [03-07-2021(online)].pdf | 2021-07-03 |
| 8 | 202121029910-COMPLETE SPECIFICATION [03-07-2021(online)].pdf | 2021-07-03 |
| 8 | 202121029910-FORM 18A [22-07-2023(online)].pdf | 2023-07-22 |
| 9 | Abstract1.jpg | 2021-10-19 |
| 10 | 202121029910-FORM 18A [22-07-2023(online)].pdf | 2023-07-22 |
| 10 | 202121029910-COMPLETE SPECIFICATION [03-07-2021(online)].pdf | 2021-07-03 |
| 11 | 202121029910-FER.pdf | 2023-09-11 |
| 11 | 202121029910-DRAWINGS [03-07-2021(online)].pdf | 2021-07-03 |
| 12 | 202121029910-OTHERS [11-03-2024(online)].pdf | 2024-03-11 |
| 12 | 202121029910-FIGURE OF ABSTRACT [03-07-2021(online)].jpg | 2021-07-03 |
| 13 | 202121029910-FORM 1 [03-07-2021(online)].pdf | 2021-07-03 |
| 13 | 202121029910-FER_SER_REPLY [11-03-2024(online)].pdf | 2024-03-11 |
| 14 | 202121029910-FORM-9 [03-07-2021(online)].pdf | 2021-07-03 |
| 14 | 202121029910-DRAWING [11-03-2024(online)].pdf | 2024-03-11 |
| 15 | 202121029910-REQUEST FOR EARLY PUBLICATION(FORM-9) [03-07-2021(online)].pdf | 2021-07-03 |
| 15 | 202121029910-CORRESPONDENCE [11-03-2024(online)].pdf | 2024-03-11 |
| 16 | 202121029910-SEQUENCE LISTING [03-07-2021(online)].txt | 2021-07-03 |
| 16 | 202121029910-CLAIMS [11-03-2024(online)].pdf | 2024-03-11 |
| 17 | 202121029910-SEQUENCE LISTING(PDF) [03-07-2021(online)].pdf | 2021-07-03 |
| 17 | 202121029910-ABSTRACT [11-03-2024(online)].pdf | 2024-03-11 |
| 1 | 202121029910E_10-09-2023.pdf |