IRRIGATION PIPE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an irrigation pipe, and more specifically to multilayer
irrigation pipes comprising at least a water-tight layer and a fabric layer.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Multilayer pipes having fabric layers are known to be used in irrigation systems.
Such layers are known to be formed, for example, by braiding fibers in a tubular form
or by weaving fibers to form a substantially fiat sheet having two opposite longitudinal
ends and bending the sheet into a tubular form and bonding the opposite longitudinal
ends to each other. In the latter case the fabric layer comprises weft and warp fibers,
respectively aligned along the unbent sheet's longitudinal axis and a transverse axis
substantially perpendicular thereto.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
During experimentation, inventors of the present invention have found that
orientation of the main or structural fibers in a fabric layer of irrigation pipes influence
the extent of its elongation along a longitudinal axis thereof due to pressure caused by
fluid passing therethrough. Even a small percentage of elongation for a long irrigation
pipe may result in a significant elongation length causing detrimental effects to an
irrigation system to which such elongated pipe belongs. This is particulany relevant for
pipes which are part of a field irrigation system, where it is desired that a pipe remain in
a predisposed location in order to provide fluid to designated crops. Additionally, pipe
elongation may cause undue pressure on the connection points between the elongated
pipe and pipes it is connected to, potentially weakening or causing disengagement
thereof. Moreover, elongation of the pipe may result in a snaking or zigzag shape of the
pipe at a portion thereof, caused by the frictional interaction of the elongated portion of
the pipe with the surface upon which it rests, thereby adversely affecting fluid flow
therein.
For the purposes of the specification and the claims, main or structural fibers are
defined as the primary load bearing fibers of a fabric layer to which they belong, and
therefore constitute the main structural elements thereof. Auxiliary fibers of a fabric
layer are defined as fibers primarily designed to hold main fibers with which they are
associated in their orientation.
Thus, in accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided an
irrigation pipe formed from a sheet that is rolled into a tube about a longitudinal axis of
the sheet, the sheet comprising a watertight layer and a fabric layer, the fabric layer
comprising a first fiber arrangement including first main fibers having a first orientation ¦
and a second fiber arrangement including second main fibers having a second
orientation, wherein the first and second orientations are transverse relative to each
other and to the longitudinal axis when viewed in the sheet before it is rolled.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is provided an
irrigation pipe formed from a sheet that is rolled into a tube about a longitudinal axis of
the sheet, the sheet comprising a watertight layer and a febric layer, the fabric layer
comprising a first fabric sub-layer and a second fabric sub-layer bonded to each other,
the first fabric sub-layer having a first fiber arrangement including first main fibers
having a first orientation, the second febric sub-layer having a second fiber arrangement
including second main fibers having a second orientation, the first and second
orientations being transverse relative to each other and to the longitudinal axis when
viewed in the sheet before it is rolled.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided
an irrigation pipe comprising a water tight inner layer, an outer layer and a febric layer
therebetween, the outer layer being formed with gaps that permit passage of fluid
therethrough from the fabric layer.
A pipe according to any one of the above aspects of the invention may comprise
a plurality of apertures formed therein at locations spaced apart along the lorigitudinal
axis of the pipe.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In order to understand the invention and to see how it may be carried out in
practice, embodiments will now be described, by way of non-limiting example only,
with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a perspective top view of a multilayer sheet;
Fig. 2A is a schematic exploded view of a layer composition, that may be used
in the sheet in Fig. 1, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2B is a schematic exploded view of a layer composition that may be used in
the sheet in Fig. 1, in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic top view of a fabric layer of the layer
composition shown in Figs. 2A and 2B;
Fig. 4A is a schematic exploded view of a layer composition including layers
and sub-layers that may be used in the sheet shown in Fig. 1, in accordance with yet
another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4B- is a schematic exploded view of a layer composition including layers
and sub-layers that may be used in the sheet shown in Fig. 1, in accordance with even
yst another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is an enlarged schematic top view of one of fabric sub-layers of the layer
composition shown in Figs. 4A and 4B;
Fig. 6 is an enlarged schematic top view of another one of fabric sub-layers of
the layer composition in Fig. 4A and 4B;
Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the multilayer sheet in Fig. 1, formed
to make a pipe; and
Fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of the pipe shown in Fig. 7, with
apertures formed therein and an irrigation element attached thereto at one of the
apertures.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawings wherein like reference characters designate like
or corresponding parts throughout several views, there is shown in Fig. 1, a multilayer
sheet generally designated as 10. '
The sheet 10 is of a generally rectangular shape in a top view and comprises a
first longitudinal edge 12, a second longitudinal edge 14, a first lateral edge 16, a
second lateral edge 18, a top surface 20 extending between the edges (12,14,16,18), an
opposing bottom surface 22 extending between the edges (12,14,16,18) and a central
longitudinal axis X The sheet 10 further comprises a layer composition generally
designated as 26, having a bottom layer 28, a top layer 29 and a fabric layer designated
as F sandwiched therebetween. The bottom layer 28 includes the bottom surface 22 at a
bottom end thereof, the top'layer includes the top surface 20 at a top end thereof and the
longrtudinal and lateral edges (12,14,16,18) extend along the layers (28,29, F) to bound
the layer composition at its circumference. A first longitudinal end 13 of the sheet 10 is
defined adjacent the first longitudinal edge 12 and a second longitudinal end 15 of the
sheet 10 is defined adjacent the second longitudinal edge 14.
In Figs. 2A, 2B and 3, a first example of a layer composition, generally
designated as 126, that may constitute the layer composition 26 of the multilayer sheet
10, is shown. The layer composition 126 has a layer 128 constituting the bottom layer
28 of the sheet.10 or a sub-layer thereof, a layer 129 constituting the top layer 29 of the
sheet 10 or a sub-layer thereof, and a fabric layer 30 constituting the fabric layer F of
the sheet 10 or a sub-layer thereof. The layer 128 is a water-tight polymeric layer film
or coating which serves to prevent fluid from passing therethrough (Figs. 2A, 2B).
Layer 128 may be made of materials such as Polyethylene, Polypropylene, COC, TPO,
PVC, TPE. Optionally, the polymeric layer 128 is made by Metallocene polymerization.
Layer 129 may be generally similar to layer 128 (Fig. 2A). Or optionally, layer
129 may include materials such as in layer 128 with the addition of gaps 130 (Fig. 2B)
formed therein, through which the fabric layer 30 may be in fluid breathable
communication with the top surface 20 of the sheet 10.
Referring to Fig. 3, the fabric layer 30 comprises a first fiber arrangement 34
including first main fibers having a first orientation indicated by the arrow designated as
01, and a second fiber arrangement 36 including second main fibers having a second
orientation indicated by the arrow designated as 02, The first and second orientations
are transversely oriented to each other and to the longitudinal axis X of the sheet 10
when viewed in the sheetbefore it is rolled into a pipe. The main fibers are made of a
polyolefin or a polyolefin composition and the first and second fiber arrangements (34,
36) are optionally inter-woven. Each one of the transversely orientated first and second
orientations (01, 02) forms an acute bias angle ß with the longitudinal axis X when
measured in the sheet before it is rolled into a pipe. Optionally, the bias angle ß is
between 20° and 70° and preferably between 45° and 65°. It is noted that polyolefin is a
relatively cheap material which may be easily recycled.
In Figs. 4A, 4B, 5 and 6, a further example of a layer composition, generally
designated as 40, that may constitute the layer composition 26 of the multilayer sheet
10, is shown. The layer composition 40 is shown to comprise a layer 228 constituting
the bottom layer 28 of the sheet 10 or a sub-layer thereof, a layer 229 constituting the
top layer 29 of the sheet 10 or a sub-layer thereof and a fabric layer 42 constituting the
fabric layer F of the sheet 10 or a sub-layer thereof.
Tne layer 228 is a water-tight polymeric layer film or coating which serves to
prevent fluid from passing therethrough (Figs. 4A, 4B). Layer 228 may be" made of
materials such as Polyethylene, Polypropylene, COC, TPO, PVC, TPE. Optionally, the
polymeric layer 228 is made by Metallocene polymerization.
Layer 229 may be generally similar to layer 228 (Fig. 4A). Or optionally, layer
229 may include materials such as in layer 228 with the addition of gaps 130 (Fig. 4B)
formed therein, through which the fabric layer 42 may be in fluid breathable
cornmunication with the top surface 20 of the sheet 10.
The febric layer 42 comprises a first fabric sub-layer 44 (Fig. 5) having a first
fiber arrangement 46, and a second fabric sub-layer 48 (Fig. 6) having a second fiber
arrangement 50. The first fiber arrangement 46 comprises first main fibers in a first
orientation indicated by the arrow designated as O1. The second fiber arrangement 50
comprises second main fibers in a second orientation indicated by the arrow designated
as 02. The main fibers are made of a polyolefin or a polyolefin composition and the
firstand second fabric sub-layers (44,48) are bonded to each otber. Optionally, a layer
52 is located between the first and second fabric sub-layers (44, 48) to form the
bonding. Layer 52 may be made of materials such as in layer 228.
As seen in Figs. 5 and 6, each one of the transversely orientated first and second
orientations (Ol, 02) forms an acute bias angle ß with the longitudinal axis X when
measured in the sheet before it is rolled into a pipe. Optionally, the bias angle p is
between 20° and 70° and preferably between 45° and 65°. In addition it is seen that both
the first and second fabric sub-layers (44, 48) optionally comprise a plurality of
auxiliary longitudinal fibers 54 made of a polyolefin. These fibers 54 function, inter
alia, to respectively told the first and second main fibers in their orientations in the
sheet 10 during production of the sheet 10.
Attention is drawn to Fig. 7. Regardless of whether the sheet 10 comprises the
layer composition 126 or 40, to form a pipe 58 the sheet 10 is bent, rolled or folded
about the axis X into a tubular form having a diameter D such mat the bottom layer 28
constitutes an inner layer thereof and the top layer 29 constitutes an outer layer thereof.
A water-tight seam 56 of the pipe 58 is formed by overlapping and bonding at least
portions of the first and second longitudinal ends 13,15 of the sheet 10. Optionally, the
seam 56 of the pipe 58 is formed by bonding the first longitudinal edge 12 to the second
longitudinal edge 14 (not shown).
It is noted that that in the pipe 58, the seam 56 forms a support for each main
fiber at both its ends (12,14) which may increase in some cases the load bearing ability
of each main fiber. Additionally it is noted that the pipe 58 is of a lay-flat type which
when not in use under fluid pressure and/or when rolled on a reel may have a shape of a
generally flat strip (not shown).
By way of an example, in an irrigation pipe 58 having either one of the layer
compositions 126 or 40, optionally, the material of the inner layer 28 includes Low
Density Polyethylene (LDPE), the material of the outer layer 29 includes Low Density
Polyethylene (LDPE), High density Polyethylene (HDPE) and COC and the material of
the fibers of the fabric layer F includes Linear Low Densay Polyethylene (LLDPE) and
High density Polyethylene (HDPE). The irrigation pipe 58 may have a diameter of 410
mm = D= 8 mm and may hold an internal fluid pressure in The pipe of at least up to 7
bars.
The inventors performed studies of The efficiency of a pipe in accordance with
the example noted above at different diameters and at different internal fluid pressures.
One study shows that per unit length, a pipe 58 having an angle ß of substantially 55°
(i.e. 55° ± 2°) exhibits less axial elongation in relation to a similar pipe with an angle J3
other than substantially 55°. Another study conducted when the pipe 58 rests'upon a
surface (not shown) shows that per unit length, a pipe 58 having an angle ß of
substantially 59° (i.e. 59° ± 2°) exhibits a minimal axial elongation that is mirdniized
due to frictional interaction between the pipe and the surface upon which it rests. Angle
p equal to substantially 59° has also been found to at least slightly decrease
circumferential elongation that may occur in the pipe 58 under certain internal fluid
pressures. Circumferential elongation may in some cases affect the quality attachment
of irrigation elements to the pipe wall.
It is noted that all the above mentioned ranges and values of ß are to be
measured in the sheet of the pipe 58 before it has been exposed to internal fluid
pressure. Notably, exposure to such internal fluid pressure may in some cases form
deformations in the pipe 58 that may alter the orientations of the fiber arrangements.
Attention is now drawn to the Fig. 8. In this figure, the pipe 58 comprises the
layer composition 126 and a portion of the fabric layer 30 is shown. The pipe 58 may
have apertures 64 formed at longitudinally spaced apart locations along the sheet 10,
and may have irrigation elements in the form of connectors 62 attached to the pipe
adjacent these apertures. Each aperture 64 opens out to the top surface 20 and to the
bottom surface 22 of the sheet 10.
As seen, each main fiber (34,36), due to its biased angle ß in relation to the axis
X rnay be cut by the apertures 64 not more than once as apposed to a pipe having main
fibers extending, inter alia, axially along the axis X (not shown) wherein the axial main
fibers in the vicinity of the apertures may be cut several times. As a result, a pipe 58
with apertures 64 and main fibers at a biased angle ß will incur less damage to its load
bearing ability than a pipe having main fibers extending, inter alia, along the axis X.
Notably, the pipe 58 may have any number of irrigation elements attached
thereto, for example, drip emitters, sprinklers, anti-drip valves, drippers, or pressure
regulators may be installed using any known and appropriate method, such as heat-
welding, bonding, molding etc. In addition, the apertures 64 may be small apertures
which are appropriate for drip irrigatioa
While the inner layer 28 of the pipe 58 is a water-tight layer, the introduction of
apertures 64 or irrigation elements as described above may cause openings (not shown) .
through which fluid may enter the fabric layer (30, 42). The irrigation pipe 58 having
the breathable outer layer 129 or 229 will allow such fluid to exit the pipe and not
accumulate within the fabric layer (30, 42). This reduces damage that may occur to the
sheet 10 of pipe 58 if fluid is remained trapped therein.
Those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains will readily appreciate
that numerous changes, variations and modifications can be made without departing
from the scope of the invention mutatis mutandis.
WE CLAIM:
1. An irrigation pipe comprising a water tight inner layer, an outer
layer and a fabric layer therebetween, the fabric layer comprising load
bearing fibers and the outer layer being in the form of a coating on the
fabric layer and being formed with gaps that permit passage of fluid
therethrough from the fabric layer.
2. An irrigation pipe according to claim 1, being formed from a sheet
that is rolled into a tube about a longitudinal axis of the sheet, the sheet
comprising the inner, outer and fabric layers and at least one aperture
that is formed therethrough.
3. An irrigation pipe according to claim 1, wherein the fabric layer is
made of a material comprising a polyolefin.
4. An irrigation pipe according to claim 1, wherein the fabric layer
comprises a first fabric sub-layer and a second fabric sub-layer attached
to each other; the first fabric sub-layer has a first fiber arrangement
including first main fibers having a first orientation; the second fabric
sub-layer has a second fiber arrangement including second main fibers
having a second orientation; the first and second orientations are
transverse relative to each other and to said longitudinal axis.
5. An irrigation pipe according to claim 4, further comprising: a layer
located between the first fabric sub-layer and the second fabric sub-layer
and bonding the first fabric sub-layer to the second fabric sub-layer.
6. An irrigation pipe according to claim 4, wherein: the first fabric
sub-layer comprises auxiliary fibers extending along the longitudinal
axis; and the second fabric sub-layer comprises auxiliary fibers
extending along the longitudinal axis.

ABSTRACT

An irrigation pipe (58) formed from a sheet that is rolled into a tube about a
longitudinal axis of the sheet. The pipe has a watertight layer and a fabric layer
(30). The fabric layer comprises a first fiber arrangement including first main
fibres (34) having a first orientation and a second fiber arrangement including
second main fibers (36) having a second orientation. The first and second
orientations are transverse relative to each other and to the longitudinal axis
when viewed in the sheet before it is rolled.